WO2014125535A1 - 偏波分離器、及び光デバイス - Google Patents
偏波分離器、及び光デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014125535A1 WO2014125535A1 PCT/JP2013/006763 JP2013006763W WO2014125535A1 WO 2014125535 A1 WO2014125535 A1 WO 2014125535A1 JP 2013006763 W JP2013006763 W JP 2013006763W WO 2014125535 A1 WO2014125535 A1 WO 2014125535A1
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- waveguide
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/126—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1228—Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/2935—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means
- G02B6/29352—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means in a light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J2009/028—Types
- G01J2009/0288—Machzehnder
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12097—Ridge, rib or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/121—Channel; buried or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polarization separator and an optical device.
- DP-QPSK “Dual-Polarization-Differential-Quadrature-Phase-Shift-Keying”
- OIF Optical Internetworking Forum
- a planar lightwave circuit (Planer Lightwave Circuit) using optical waveguide technology is considered to be promising.
- a quartz waveguide is used as the planar lightwave circuit.
- the quartz waveguide cannot increase the relative refractive index difference between the core and the clad so much, and is generally about 2%.
- the minimum bending radius of the waveguide is on the order of mm, and it is difficult to reduce the size of the chip.
- Patent Document 1 Since the refractive index of silicon is as high as about 3.5, excessive loss does not occur even if the silicon waveguide is bent with a radius on the order of several ⁇ m to several hundred ⁇ m.
- silicon waveguides are classified into channel type and rib type.
- the channel type is formed so that the entire waveguide is covered with a clad.
- the thickness of the channel waveguide is about 200 nm.
- the bending radius can be made very small, about several ⁇ m, but the roughness of the waveguide side wall is easy to feel and the propagation loss is as large as 2 to 3 dB / cm.
- the required accuracy is high in waveguide fabrication, and an EB (Electron Beam) exposure apparatus is used, so that drawing takes time.
- the rib type is formed so that the waveguide is sandwiched between clad layers.
- the thickness of the rib-type waveguide is about 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the bending radius is about 200 ⁇ m, which is not as small as the channel type, but the propagation loss is 0.5 to 1.0 dB / cm, which is smaller than the channel type.
- sufficient characteristics can be obtained by stepper exposure, so that the productivity is higher than that of the channel type.
- the polarization separation function can be realized by a Mach-Zehnder type configuration like a quartz waveguide.
- structural refractive index dispersion is larger than that of a general quartz waveguide, which is advantageous in terms of size and control.
- it is sensitive to parameters such as waveguide width, rib height, and core Si layer thickness, and there is a problem in productivity.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polarization separator and an optical device with high productivity.
- a polarization beam splitter is formed by a rib-type waveguide, and is formed by a duplexer that demultiplexes input light into first input light and second input light, and a rib-type waveguide. And a multiplexer that multiplexes the first input light and the second input light demultiplexed by the demultiplexer, and at least a part is formed by a channel-type waveguide, and the first input
- a first arm waveguide that guides light to the multiplexer and at least a part of the first waveguide are channel-type waveguides, and produce a phase difference with respect to the first input light propagating through the first arm waveguide.
- a second arm waveguide for guiding the second input light to the multiplexer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coherent mixer element 1 used for digital coherent communication.
- the coherent mixer element 1 is, for example, a planar lightwave circuit (PLC), and includes a polarization beam splitter PBS and a 90 ° optical hybrid 90 ° OH.
- the polarization separator PBS is a circuit having a polarization separation function.
- the polarization separator PBS is, for example, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that uses the birefringence of an arm waveguide.
- the 90 ° optical hybrid 90 ° OH is a circuit (coherent mixer circuit) having a function of extracting phase information.
- the coherent mixer element 1 is provided, for example, in a receiver in a polarization orthogonal multiplexing multilevel digital signal modulation system. Specifically, the coherent mixer element 1 is an optical receiving FE (front end) provided in the receiver. The coherent mixer element 1 is an integrated optical device in which a polarization separation function and a function for extracting phase information are accommodated in one package.
- An input port 31 is provided on the input side of the polarization separator PBS. Signal light Signal and local oscillation light Local are input to the input port 31.
- the polarization separator PBS demultiplexes the signal light signal and the polarization component (X / Y component) orthogonal to the local oscillation light Local and outputs the demultiplexed light to the 90 ° optical hybrid 90 ° OH.
- 90 ° optical hybrid 90 ° OH separates orthogonal polarization components (X / Y component) and orthogonal phase components (I / Q channel) of input light.
- the 90 ° optical hybrid 90 ° OH has eight output ports 33.
- the eight output ports 33 correspond to XIp, XIn, XQp, XQn, YIp, YIn, YQp, and YQn, respectively.
- the 90 ° optical hybrid 90 ° OH outputs each signal to an OE (Optical / Electrical) converter or the like (not shown).
- the silicon waveguide constitutes the coherent mixer element 1.
- the relative refractive index difference between the core and the clad can be increased. For this reason, the minimum bending radius can be made smaller than that of the quartz waveguide.
- the silicon waveguide has two types, a rib type structure and a channel type structure. 2 and 3 show a cross section of a silicon waveguide having a general rib type structure and a cross section of a silicon waveguide having a channel type structure.
- the channel-type waveguide 51 and the rib-type waveguide 50 include a substrate 21, a lower clad layer 22, a core layer 23, and an upper clad layer 24.
- a lower cladding layer 22 is provided on a substrate 21 which is a silicon substrate.
- the lower clad layer 22 is a SiO 2 film, and is formed of, for example, a buried oxide film (BOX).
- a core layer 23 is provided on the lower cladding layer 22.
- the core layer 23 is a Si film such as an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate.
- An upper clad layer 24 is provided on the core layer 23.
- the upper clad layer 24 is, for example, a SiO 2 film.
- the core layer 23 is made of a material having a refractive index different from that of the lower clad layer 22 and the upper clad layer 24.
- the core layer 23 has a rib 23a protruding upward. Then, both sides of the rib 23 a are sandwiched between the upper clad layers 24.
- the thickness varies from about 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the bending radius is about 200 ⁇ m, which is not as small as the channel type, but the propagation loss is 0.5 to 1.0 dB / cm, which is smaller than the channel type. Since the waveguide fabrication can provide sufficient characteristics by stepper exposure, the productivity is higher than the case of forming by waveguide exposure.
- the cross section of the core layer 23 serving as a waveguide is substantially rectangular.
- the upper clad layer 24 covers the core layer 23.
- the lower clad layer 22 and the upper clad layer 24 cover the entire core layer 23.
- the polarization separator PBS according to the present embodiment has both a channel type structure and a rib type structure.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the polarization separator PBS.
- the polarization separator PBS is a Mach-Zehnder type polarization beam splitter monolithically integrated inside the coherent mixer element 1.
- the polarization separator PBS includes a duplexer 11, a multiplexer 14, an arm unit 15, an input waveguide 16, and an output waveguide 17.
- the arm unit 15 includes a first arm waveguide 12 and a second arm waveguide 13.
- the arm unit 15 is disposed between the duplexer 11 and the multiplexer 14.
- the arm unit 15 constitutes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
- the demultiplexer 11 and the multiplexer 14 are, for example, MMI (Multi-Mode Interference) couplers, and are 2-input 2-output couplers here.
- a directional coupler, a Y branching unit, or the like can be used as the duplexer 11 and the multiplexer 14.
- the demultiplexer 11 is coupled to the two input waveguides 16 and demultiplexes the input light into the first input light and the second input light.
- the duplexer 11 splits the signal light into 50:50 and generates the first input light and the second input light.
- the duplexer 11 is coupled to the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13.
- the first input light demultiplexed by the demultiplexer 11 propagates through the first arm waveguide 12.
- the second input light demultiplexed by the demultiplexer 11 propagates through the second arm waveguide 13.
- the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 are coupled to the multiplexer 14.
- the multiplexer 14 multiplexes the first input light that has propagated through the first arm waveguide 12 and the second input light that has propagated through the second arm waveguide 13.
- the multiplexer 14 is coupled to two output waveguides 17.
- the multiplexer 14 outputs TE (Transverse Electric) polarized light from one output waveguide 17 and outputs TM (Transverse Magnetic) polarized light from the other output waveguide 17.
- TE Transverse Electric
- TM Transverse Magnetic
- the duplexer 11 and the multiplexer 14 are constituted by rib-type silicon waveguides. At least a part of the arm portion 15 is composed of a channel type silicon waveguide. That is, the channel type waveguide is arranged between the rib type waveguides. In the case of the channel type, it is not necessary to consider the variation factor that structurally increases the rib height. Moreover, the sensitivity is small also about the thickness of a core Si layer as a result of calculation. Thereby, it is possible to realize a polarization separator PBS with higher productivity than adopting a rib type for both arm waveguides.
- the polarization separator PBS has a channel type waveguide and a rib type waveguide.
- the polarization separator PBS includes a rib type region 41, a channel type region 42, and a transition region 43.
- a rib-type waveguide 50 is provided as shown in FIG.
- a channel waveguide 51 is provided as shown in FIG.
- the transition region 43 is a region between the rib-type waveguide 50 and the channel-type waveguide 51.
- the duplexer 11 and the multiplexer 14 are provided in the rib area 41.
- the rib-shaped region 41 extends to the middle of the arm portion 15.
- a fan-out 45 in which the distance between the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 is gradually widened and a fan-in 46 in which the gap is gradually narrowed are rib-type regions 41.
- a part of the arm portion 15 is provided in the channel type region 42.
- the arm portion 15 between the channel type region 42 and the rib type region 41 becomes a transition region 43.
- the first arm waveguide 12 is formed by the channel-type waveguide 51.
- the first arm waveguide 12 guides the first input light to the multiplexer 14.
- at least a part of the second arm waveguide 13 is formed by a channel-type waveguide 51.
- the second arm waveguide 13 generates a phase difference with respect to the first input light propagating through the first arm waveguide 12 and guides the second input light to the multiplexer 14.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a waveguide shape around the transition region 43.
- the rib type region 41 is provided with a core layer 23 having ribs 23a.
- the rib 23 a protrudes on the core layer 23.
- the core layer 23 of the channel type region 42 has the same height as the rib 23 a of the rib type region 41. That is, the thickness of the core layer 23 including the ribs 23 a in the rib type region 41 and the thickness of the core layer 23 in the channel type region 42 are substantially the same.
- the width of the core layer 23 in the channel type region 42 is substantially equal to the width of the rib 23 a in the rib type region 41.
- a tapered portion 23b in which the waveguide width gradually changes is provided in the transition region 43.
- variety becomes narrow gradually as it goes to the channel type area
- the tapered portion 23 b is provided on both side surfaces of the core layer 23 in the channel type region 42.
- the boundary surface between the core and the cladding layer is tapered.
- the height of the tapered portion 23 b is substantially equal to the height of the core layer 23 not including the rib 23 a in the rib-type region 41. That is, the thickness of the tapered portion 23 b in the transition region 43 substantially matches the thickness of the core layer 23 that does not include the rib 23 a in the rib-type region 41.
- the height of the tapered portion 23 b is lower than the core layer 23 in the channel type region 42. Since the tapered portion 23b rib-type waveguide 50 and the channel-type waveguide 51 have different light confinement, a loss occurs unless they are connected smoothly. Therefore, the transition region 43 has a structure in which the slab region is narrowed as gently as possible to form a channel type.
- the width and height of the core layer 23 in the channel region 42 are, for example, 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the core layer 23 has a width of 1.35 ⁇ m and a height of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 6 shows changes in loss with respect to waveguide width variations.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the loss of TE polarization when the waveguide width is varied. The waveguide width is assumed to be the same fluctuation in both arms.
- FIG. 7 shows the change of the loss with respect to the fluctuation of the rib height.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the loss of TE-polarized light when the rib height is changed.
- a case where both the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 have a rib-type structure is indicated by a single curve.
- a case where both the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 have a channel structure is indicated by three curves.
- a case where one of the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 has a rib-type structure and the other has a channel-type structure is indicated by two curves.
- the rib height is not a fluctuation factor.
- the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 have a channel-type structure, it is possible to reduce a loss due to a variation in rib height.
- the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 have a rib-type structure, as shown in FIG. 6, the loss with respect to fluctuations in the waveguide width is smaller than when the channel-type structure is used. growing. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 are formed by the channel-type waveguide 51. Thereby, the loss resulting from the fluctuation of the waveguide width can be reduced.
- the balance of the coupler output of the multiplexer 14 changes according to the phase difference provided between the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13.
- the arm portion 15 is designed so that the phase difference is zero for the TE polarized light and the phase difference is ⁇ for the TM polarized light. Accordingly, the multiplexer 14 outputs TE polarized light from one output waveguide 17 and outputs TM polarized light from the other output waveguide 17.
- the width of the first arm waveguide 12 is w 1 and the length is L 1 .
- the width of the second arm waveguide 13 is w 2 and the length is L 2 .
- the widths w 1 and w 2 and the lengths L 1 and L 2 of each arm waveguide are set so as to satisfy the expressions (1) and (2) at the same time.
- n TE (w 1 ) ⁇ L 1 ⁇ n TE (w 2 ) ⁇ L 2 0
- n TM (w 1 ) ⁇ L 1 ⁇ n TM (w 2 ) ⁇ L 2 ⁇ / 2 (2)
- n TE is an equivalent refractive index for TE polarized light
- n TM is an equivalent refractive index for TM polarized light
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the input light.
- FIG. 8 shows the change of the equivalent refractive index n with respect to the waveguide width w.
- the optical path length n ⁇ L is as shown in FIG. 9, and the waveguide length L 1 and the waveguide satisfying the expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied.
- the length L 2 is determined.
- the waveguide widths w 1 and w 2 and the waveguide lengths L 1 and L 2 are determined under the phase condition of the same phase for the TE polarized light and the opposite phase for the TM polarized light.
- the waveguide width and the waveguide length of the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 are determined.
- birefringence control can be performed so as to satisfy the phase condition for the first input light and the second input light. That is, the TE polarized light propagating through the first arm waveguide 12 and the TE polarized light propagating through the second arm waveguide 13 have a phase difference of 0 and TM polarized light propagating through the first arm waveguide 12.
- the phase condition in which the phase difference is ⁇ is satisfied with the TM polarized light propagating through the second arm waveguide 13.
- One output waveguide 17 outputs TE polarized light, and the other output waveguide 17 outputs TM polarized light.
- the arm portion 15 by forming the arm portion 15 with the channel-type waveguide 51, tolerance against manufacturing errors and the like can be increased. For this reason, a yield can be improved and productivity can be improved. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the loss due to the phase error caused by the fluctuation of the waveguide width.
- the polarization separator PBS combining the rib-type waveguide and the channel-type waveguide can be expected to have a low excess loss compared to the case where all are constituted by the channel-type waveguide.
- a desired waveguide length and waveguide width can be easily obtained. Therefore, a configuration for adjusting the phase difference after manufacturing is not necessary, and productivity can be improved.
- the rib-type waveguide 50 and the channel-type waveguide 51 can be formed by stepper exposure. That is, the core layer 23 including the ribs 23a is formed through steps such as resist coating, exposure, development, etching, and resist stripping. Thereby, since EB exposure with a long exposure time is unnecessary, productivity can be improved. Furthermore, the rib-type waveguide 50 and the channel-type waveguide 51 can be collectively formed on one substrate by stepper exposure. For this reason, it is not necessary to form the rib-type waveguide 50 and the channel-type waveguide 51 separately on different substrates and adhere the substrates with an adhesive or the like. Thereby, productivity can be made high.
- the waveguide widths of the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 are different.
- the waveguide width w 2 of the second arm waveguide 13 is wider than the waveguide width w 1 of the first arm waveguide 12.
- a part of the second arm waveguide 13 is tapered. That is, the second arm waveguide 13 includes a taper arm waveguide 18 whose waveguide width gradually increases as it goes from the duplexer 11 to the multiplexer 14, and a taper arm waveguide 19 whose waveguide width gradually decreases. It has.
- the first arm waveguide 12 includes a tapered arm waveguide 18 whose waveguide width gradually increases as it goes from the duplexer 11 to the multiplexer 14, and a tapered arm waveguide whose waveguide width gradually decreases. 19 is provided.
- the taper arm waveguides 18 and 19 in the first arm waveguide 12 and the second arm waveguide 13 the waveguide width satisfying the phase condition can be easily obtained. Furthermore, since the waveguide is tapered, the loss can be reduced, and the fundamental mode can be input to the arm waveguides 12 and 13 that are multimode waveguides without setting unnecessary modes. Therefore, stable polarization separation function can be expected.
- tapered arm waveguides 18 and 19 provided in the first arm waveguide 12 and similar tapered arm waveguides 18 and 19 are provided in the second arm waveguide 13. A phase shift caused by changing the waveguide width can be compensated. Thereby, the 1st arm waveguide 12 and the 2nd arm waveguide 13 which satisfy
- the waveguide is linear.
- the first arm waveguide 12 and the portion formed by the channel-type waveguide 51 of the second arm waveguide 13 are linear.
- the channel type region 42 does not have a bent portion in the waveguide.
- the waveguide is described as a silicon waveguide, but the waveguide is not limited to a silicon waveguide.
- a semiconductor waveguide such as InP can be used as the waveguide.
- a compound semiconductor material including various materials can be used as the waveguide.
- PBS Polarization separator 90 ° OH 90 ° optical hybrid 11 Demultiplexer 12 First arm waveguide 13 Second arm waveguide 14 Multiplexer 15 Arm portion 16 Input waveguide 17 Output waveguide 18 Tapered arm waveguide 19 Tapered arm waveguide 21 Substrate 22 Lower clad layer 23 Core layer 23a Rib 23b Tapered portion 24 Upper clad layer 31 Input port 33 Output port 41 Rib type region 42 Channel type region 43 Transition region 45 Fine in 46 Fan out 50 Rib type waveguide 51 Channel waveguide
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Abstract
Description
nTE(w1)・L1-nTE(w2)・L2=0 ・・・(1)
nTM(w1)・L1-nTM(w2)・L2=λ/2 ・・・(2)
90°OH 90°光ハイブリッド
11 分波器
12 第1のアーム導波路
13 第2のアーム導波路
14 合波器
15 アーム部
16 入力導波路
17 出力導波路
18 テーパアーム導波路
19 テーパアーム導波路
21 基板
22 下層クラッド層
23 コア層
23a リブ
23b テーパ部
24 上層クラッド層
31 入力ポート
33 出力ポート
41 リブ型領域
42 チャネル型領域
43 遷移領域
45 ファインイン
46 ファンアウト
50 リブ型導波路
51 チャネル型導波路
Claims (4)
- リブ型導波路によって形成され、入力光を第1の入力光及び第2の入力光に分波する分波器と、
リブ型導波路によって形成され、前記分波器で分波された前記第1の入力光と前記第2の入力光を合波する合波器と、
少なくとも一部がチャネル型導波路によって形成され、前記第1の入力光を前記合波器に導く第1のアーム導波路と、
少なくとも一部がチャネル型導波路によって形成され、前記第1のアーム導波路を伝搬する第1の入力光に対して位相差を生じさせて、前記第2の入力光を前記合波器に導く第2のアーム導波路と、を備えた偏波分離器。 - 前記リブ型導波路と前記チャネル型導波路の間の遷移領域では、幅が徐々に変化するテーパ状の導波路が設けられている請求項1に記載の偏波分離器。
- 前記第1及び第2のアーム導波路の前記チャネル型導波路で形成された部分が直線状になっている請求項1、又は2に記載の偏波分離器。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の偏波分離器と、
前記偏波分離器から出力された出力光の位相情報を取り出す回路と、を備えた光デバイス。
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