WO2014121992A1 - Method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component - Google Patents

Method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014121992A1
WO2014121992A1 PCT/EP2014/050756 EP2014050756W WO2014121992A1 WO 2014121992 A1 WO2014121992 A1 WO 2014121992A1 EP 2014050756 W EP2014050756 W EP 2014050756W WO 2014121992 A1 WO2014121992 A1 WO 2014121992A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
fiber layer
insert element
reinforced plastic
cavity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/050756
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jan Pfrang
Roman Sternagel
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Publication of WO2014121992A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014121992A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/545—Perforating, cutting or machining during or after moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0045—Perforating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component with a matrix of thermoplastic or
  • thermosetting plastic are arranged in the fibers as reinforcement.
  • detachable fastening means such as screws, dowels, nails or rivets, with which fiber-reinforced plastic components can be connected to one another. From the DE
  • thermoplastic fiber composite components by means of pin-shaped functional elements.
  • the outer surface is heated at the point at which a serving for fastening purposes pin is to be introduced into the component.
  • thermoplastic matrix By heating the thermoplastic matrix, the underlying fibers in the matrix are movable and can be displaced by the penetrating pin.
  • Dodging of the fibers upon penetration of the functional element results in very little damage to the fiber composite structure.
  • the invention proposes a method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component, with the steps:
  • the insert element By arranging the insert element in the fiber layer, a local reorientation of the fibers can be achieved before completion of the fiber composite component, wherein the effect is exploited that the individual fibers are movable in the fiber layer.
  • the fibers In the initial state of the fiber layer, the fibers are arranged in the fiber layer, so that the fiber layer is present as a unidirectional fiber layer, as a scrim, mesh or fabric.
  • the fibers may also be arranged non-directionally in the fiber layer, so that the fiber layer is present as a nonwoven or as a random fiber mat.
  • the insert element When inserted into the fiber layer, the insert element displaces the individual fibers and thus acts as a placeholder for a connecting element to be subsequently inserted.
  • the insert element can be removed from the fiber-reinforced plastic component.
  • a recess can be produced in a simple manner in the finished fiber composite component.
  • the insert element may be formed like a mandrel, a rod or a rod and may have a circular, oval, triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shape.
  • the outer shape as a mandrel, Strft or rod has the advantage that due to the tapered end of the insert element can be particularly easily introduced between the fibers of the fiber layers.
  • the cross-sectional shape can advantageously be chosen so that it is adapted to a later connecting element, such as a screw. If insert elements are used whose cross-sectional shape is not circular, then
  • Connecting elements are selected, with the same cross-sectional shape so that the connecting elements have no rotational degrees of freedom with respect to their longitudinal axis relative to the fiber composite components to be connected.
  • the insert element may be formed as a bushing and remain after the lapse of a predetermined period of time after the infiltration of the at least one fiber layer in the fiber-reinforced plastic component.
  • a connection element such as a socket, a circular Has cross section with an inner opening, is positioned in the component. After completion of the fiber composite part screws, bolts or pins can be pushed through the socket for connecting the component with other fiber composite components.
  • thermoplastic material can be used as the matrix material, which at least partially solidifies after the lapse of the predetermined period of time or as a matrix material, a thermosetting plastic is used, which cures after the lapse of the predetermined period of time at least partially.
  • the fiber material used is in particular carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid, basalt or a combination of these fibers.
  • the insert element can already be used in the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) method placeholder in the fiber layer or in a plurality of fiber layers are introduced, which are removed after curing of the matrix. This can be dispensed with a subsequent machining, for example drilling, for example. During drilling, the fiber layers are usually severed and thus the mechanical properties of the component weakened.
  • the invention offers the advantage that the fiber layers or the individual fibers are not interrupted and thereby components can be achieved with high mechanical properties.
  • the fibers are displaced laterally during insertion of the insert element. As a result, in the edge regions immediately adjacent to the insert element
  • the displacement of the fiber has the advantage that the fibers are not interrupted and that at the same time in the edge region of the later recess or bore displaced fibers displace the soft material material.
  • This local increase in the fiber volume content produces a lower settling behavior, if in the region of the recess Rere fiber composite components screwed together or by equivalent non-positive fasteners, such as rivets, are connected.
  • the loss of clamping force is reduced by the flow of the matrix material and ensures a good connection of the components.
  • Increasing the mechanical characteristics of the component connection also improves the reliability of such a screw connection.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fiber layer as semi-finished product
  • Figure 2 shows a later state of the fiber layer as a semi-finished product with insert element arranged therein
  • Fiber composite components 13 are produced in a so-called resin transfer molding process, in which one or more fiber layers 10 are superimposed and introduced into a cavity of an RTM tool. Subsequently, the cavity of the tool is flooded with a liquid resin, wherein the resin infiltrates the fiber layers 10 and also wets individual fibers 11. After a sufficient degree of infiltration is ensured, a predetermined period of time is waited in which the matrix of the fiber composite component 13 its almost final shape takes on by solidifying or hardening. In this state, the cavity of the tool can be opened and the fiber composite component 13 are removed.
  • a fiber layer 10 is formed as a semi-finished product, wherein the fiber are aligned in a grid-like arrangement to each other.
  • This homogeneous structure (mesh, scrim, fabric) or inhomogeneous structure (fleece, random orientation) is changed by introducing the insertion element 12, wherein locally at the point where the insert element 12, the fiber layer 10 pierces the individual fibers are deflected.
  • the insert element 12 can be introduced into the fiber layer 10 before the fiber layer 10 is inserted into the cavity of the RTM tool or after the fiber layer has been introduced into the RTM tool.
  • one or more fiber layers 10 are first introduced into the cavity of the RTM tool and then the insert element 12 is pushed between the fibers. In this case, the insert element 12 is still in touching contact with the fiber composite component 13. Since the matrix is now dimensionally stable, the insert element 12 can be removed.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a fiber layer 10 with insert element 12 inserted therein
  • Insertion element 12 the fibers 11 are displaced without being interrupted. After completion of the fiber composite component and the removal of the insert element 12 remains in the fiber composite component a recess 14, as shown in Figure 3.
  • this recess is shown by way of example and not by way of limitation for the invention as a through hole 14 with a circular cross section.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the recess or the through-hole can be varied by using insert elements 12, which have a corresponding outer cross-sectional shape. Connecting elements, in particular screws, bolts, rivets or pins, can then be carried through these through holes in order to connect the fiber composite component to a further component, for example a further fiber composite component or even a component made of a different material.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component (13), having the following steps: arranging an insert element (12) into at least one fiber layer (10), the reinforcing fibers (11) of the fiber layer (10) being locally displaced by the insert element (12); aligning the at least one fiber layer (10) in an open cavity of a tool; closing the tool cavity; and infiltrating the fiber layer (10) located in the cavity with a matrix material.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteils  Process for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteils mit einer Matrix aus thermoplastischem oder The invention relates to a method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component with a matrix of thermoplastic or
duroplastischem Kunststoff, in der Fasern als Verstärkung angeordnet sind. thermosetting plastic, are arranged in the fibers as reinforcement.
Zur Verbindung faserverstärkter Bauteile mit anderen Bauteilen werden im Stand der Technik Klebeverfahren genannt. Klebeverfahren sind im For joining fiber-reinforced components with other components, adhesive bonding methods are mentioned in the prior art. Adhesive methods are in the
Allgemeinen aufwendig, da die miteinander zu verklebenden Oberflächen aufwendig gereinigt und/oder vorbehandelt werden müssen und weil der Klebstoff eine Aushärtezeit benötigt, bis er seine vollständigen Generally consuming, since the surfaces to be bonded together must be laboriously cleaned and / or pretreated and because the adhesive requires a curing time until it is complete
Haftungseigenschaften erreicht. Adhesive properties achieved.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind lösbare Befestigungsmittel, wie Schrauben, Dübel, Nägel oder Nieten bekannt, mit denen faserverstärkte Kunststoffbauteile miteinander verbunden werden können. Aus der DE The prior art discloses detachable fastening means, such as screws, dowels, nails or rivets, with which fiber-reinforced plastic components can be connected to one another. From the DE
10 2009 056 580 A1 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung bekannt zum Verbinden von thermoplastischen Faserverbundbauteilen mittels stiftförmiger Funktionselemente. Mit Hilfe einer Heizung wird die äußere Oberfläche an der Stelle erwärmt, an der ein zu Befestigungszwecken dienender Stift in das Bauteil eingebracht werden soll. Durch die Erwärmung der thermoplastischen Matrix sind die darunterliegenden Fasern in der Matrix beweglich und können von dem eindringenden Stift verdrängt werden. Durch das seitliche Ausweichen der Fasern beim Eindringen des Funktionselementes entstehen sehr geringe Schädigungen der Faserverbundstruktur. 10 2009 056 580 A1 discloses a method and a device for joining thermoplastic fiber composite components by means of pin-shaped functional elements. With the aid of a heater, the outer surface is heated at the point at which a serving for fastening purposes pin is to be introduced into the component. By heating the thermoplastic matrix, the underlying fibers in the matrix are movable and can be displaced by the penetrating pin. By the side Dodging of the fibers upon penetration of the functional element results in very little damage to the fiber composite structure.
Ferner sind aus der DE 10 2011 001 522 A1 Nieten und ein Verfahren zum Nieten von faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteilen bekannt. Furthermore, from DE 10 2011 001 522 A1 rivets and a method for riveting fiber-reinforced plastic components known.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik macht es sich die vorliegende Erfindung zur Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von faserverstärkten Bauteilen anzugeben, die anschließend auf besonders einfache Weise mit anderen Faserverbundbauteilen verbindbar sind. Based on this prior art, it is the object of the present invention to specify a method for producing fiber-reinforced components, which can then be connected in a particularly simple manner to other fiber composite components.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche stellen vorteilhafte This object is achieved by a method having the features of the independent claim. The dependent claims make advantageous
Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung dar. Embodiments of the present invention.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteils vor, mit den Schritten: To achieve this object, the invention proposes a method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component, with the steps:
Anordnen eines Einlegeelementes in mindestens einer Faserlage, wobei die Verstärkungsfasern der Faserlage durch das Einlegeelement lokal verdrängt werden,  Arranging an insert element in at least one fiber layer, the reinforcing fibers of the fiber layer being displaced locally by the insert element,
Ausrichten der mindestens einen Faserlage in einer geöffneten Kavrtät eines Werkzeugs,  Aligning the at least one fiber layer in an open cavity of a tool,
Schließen der Werkzeugkavität und  Close the tool cavity and
Infiltrieren der in der Kavität befindlichen Faserlagen mit einem  Infiltrieren the fiber layers located in the cavity with a
Matrixmaterial. Matrix material.
Durch das Anordnen des Einlegeelementes in der Faserlage kann vor Fertigstellung des Faserverbundbauteils eine lokale Umorientierung der Fasern erzielt werden, wobei der Effekt ausgenützt wird, dass die einzelnen Fasern in der Faserlage beweglich sind. Im Ausgangszustand der Faserlage sind die Fasern in der Faserlage gerichtet angeordnet, so dass die Faserlage als eine unidirektionale Faserlage, als Gelege, Geflecht oder Gewebe vorliegt. Alternativ dazu können die Fasern auch ungerichtet in der Faserlage angeordnet sein, so dass die Faserlage als Vlies oder als Wirrfasermatte vorliegt. Das Einlegeelement verdrängt beim Einbringen in die Faserlage die einzelnen Fasern und fungiert so als Platzhalter für ein nachträglich einzusetzendes Verbindungselement. By arranging the insert element in the fiber layer, a local reorientation of the fibers can be achieved before completion of the fiber composite component, wherein the effect is exploited that the individual fibers are movable in the fiber layer. In the initial state of the fiber layer, the fibers are arranged in the fiber layer, so that the fiber layer is present as a unidirectional fiber layer, as a scrim, mesh or fabric. Alternatively, the fibers may also be arranged non-directionally in the fiber layer, so that the fiber layer is present as a nonwoven or as a random fiber mat. When inserted into the fiber layer, the insert element displaces the individual fibers and thus acts as a placeholder for a connecting element to be subsequently inserted.
Weiterhin kann nach dem Verstreichen einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer nach der Infiltration der mindestens einen Faserlage das Einlegeelement aus dem faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteil entfernt werden. Dadurch kann auf einfache Weise in dem fertigen Faserverbundbauteil eine Ausnehmung erzeugt werden. Furthermore, after the lapse of a predetermined period of time after the infiltration of the at least one fiber layer, the insert element can be removed from the fiber-reinforced plastic component. As a result, a recess can be produced in a simple manner in the finished fiber composite component.
Weiterhin kann das Einlegeelement dorn-, stab- oder stangenartig ausgebildet sein und dabei eine kreisrunde, ovale, dreieckige oder mehreckige Querschnittsform aufweisen. Die äußere Form als Dorn, Strft oder Stab bietet den Vorteil, dass aufgrund des spitz zulaufenden Endes das Einlegeelement besonders einfach zwischen die Fasern der Faserlagen eingebracht werden kann. Die Querschnittsform kann dabei vorteilhafterweise so gewählt werden, dass sie einem späteren Verbindungselement, wie beispielsweise einer Schraube, angepasst ist. Sofern Einlegeelemente verwendet werden, deren Querschnittsform nicht kreisrund sind, können anschließend Furthermore, the insert element may be formed like a mandrel, a rod or a rod and may have a circular, oval, triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shape. The outer shape as a mandrel, Strft or rod has the advantage that due to the tapered end of the insert element can be particularly easily introduced between the fibers of the fiber layers. The cross-sectional shape can advantageously be chosen so that it is adapted to a later connecting element, such as a screw. If insert elements are used whose cross-sectional shape is not circular, then
Verbindungselemente gewählt werden, mit derselben Querschnittsform so dass die Verbindungselemente keine Drehfreiheitsgrade bezüglich ihrer Längsachse gegenüber den zu verbindenden Faserverbundbauteilen aufweisen. Connecting elements are selected, with the same cross-sectional shape so that the connecting elements have no rotational degrees of freedom with respect to their longitudinal axis relative to the fiber composite components to be connected.
In einer weiteren alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann das Einlegeelement als Buchse ausgebildet sein und nach dem Verstreichen einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer nach der Infiltration der mindestens einen Faserlage in dem faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteil verbleiben. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass bereits bei der Herstellung des Faserverbundbauteils ein Anschlusselement, wie beispielsweise eine Buchse, die einen kreisrunden Querschnitt mit einer inneren Öffnung aufweist, in dem Bauteil positioniert wird. Nach Fertigstellung des Faserverbundteils können Schrauben, Bolzen oder Stifte durch die Buchse geschoben werden zur Verbindung des Bauteils mit anderen Faserverbundbauteilen. In a further alternative embodiment of the invention, the insert element may be formed as a bushing and remain after the lapse of a predetermined period of time after the infiltration of the at least one fiber layer in the fiber-reinforced plastic component. This offers the advantage that already in the manufacture of the fiber composite component, a connection element, such as a socket, a circular Has cross section with an inner opening, is positioned in the component. After completion of the fiber composite part screws, bolts or pins can be pushed through the socket for connecting the component with other fiber composite components.
Weiterhin kann als Matrixmaterial ein thermoplastischer Kunststoff verwendet werden, der nach dem Verstreichen der vorbestimmten Zeitdauer zumindest teilweise erstarrt oder als Matrixmaterial ein duroplastischer Kunststoff verwendet wird, der nach dem Verstreichen der vorbestimmten Zeitdauer zumindest teilweise aushärtet. Als Fasermaterial kommen insbesondere Kohlenstofffasern, Glasfasern, Aramid, Basalt oder eine Kombination dieser Fasern zur Anwendung. Furthermore, a thermoplastic material can be used as the matrix material, which at least partially solidifies after the lapse of the predetermined period of time or as a matrix material, a thermosetting plastic is used, which cures after the lapse of the predetermined period of time at least partially. The fiber material used is in particular carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid, basalt or a combination of these fibers.
Im Folgenden sollen die Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung kurz zusammen- gefasst werden. Durch das Einlegeelement können schon im RTM (Resin Transfer Moulding) Verfahren Platzhalter in die Faserlage oder in eine Mehrzahl von Faserlagen eingebracht werden, die nach dem Aushärten der Matrix entfernt werden. Dadurch kann auf ein nachträgliches spanendes Bearbeiten, beispielsweise Bohren, verzichtet werden. Bei dem Bohren werden die Faserlagen üblicherweise durchtrennt und damit die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Bauteils geschwächt. Somit bietet die Erfindung den Vorteil, dass die Faserlagen bzw. die einzelnen Fasern nicht unterbrochen werden und dadurch Bauteile erzielt werden können mit hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass beim Einführen des Einlegeelementes die Fasern seitlich verschoben werden. Dadurch werden in den Randbereichen unmittelbar neben dem Einlegeelement die In the following, the advantages of the present invention will be briefly summarized. The insert element can already be used in the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) method placeholder in the fiber layer or in a plurality of fiber layers are introduced, which are removed after curing of the matrix. This can be dispensed with a subsequent machining, for example drilling, for example. During drilling, the fiber layers are usually severed and thus the mechanical properties of the component weakened. Thus, the invention offers the advantage that the fiber layers or the individual fibers are not interrupted and thereby components can be achieved with high mechanical properties. In addition, there is the advantage that the fibers are displaced laterally during insertion of the insert element. As a result, in the edge regions immediately adjacent to the insert element
Faservolumengehalte erhöht und die Faserorientierung gleichzeitig geändert. Das Verdrängen der Faser hat den Vorteil, dass die Fasern nicht unterbrochen werden und dass gleichzeitig im Randbereich der späteren Ausnehmung bzw. Bohrung die verschobenen Fasern den weichen Materialwerkstoff verdrängen. Diese lokale Erhöhung des Faservolumengehaltes erzeugt ein geringeres Setzverhalten, wenn im Bereich der Ausnehmung meh- rere Faserverbundbauteile miteinander verschraubt oder durch äquivalente kraftschlüssige Verbindungselemente, wie Nieten, verbunden werden. Dadurch wird auch der Spannkraftverlust durch ein Fließen des Matrixwerkstoffes gesenkt und eine gute Verbindung der Bauteile gewährleistet. Durch die Erhöhung der mechanischen Kennwerte der Bauteilverbindung verbessern sich auch die Zuverlässigkeit einer solchen Schraubverbindung. Increased fiber volume contents and changed the fiber orientation at the same time. The displacement of the fiber has the advantage that the fibers are not interrupted and that at the same time in the edge region of the later recess or bore displaced fibers displace the soft material material. This local increase in the fiber volume content produces a lower settling behavior, if in the region of the recess Rere fiber composite components screwed together or by equivalent non-positive fasteners, such as rivets, are connected. As a result, the loss of clamping force is reduced by the flow of the matrix material and ensures a good connection of the components. Increasing the mechanical characteristics of the component connection also improves the reliability of such a screw connection.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Figurenbeschreibung näher erläutert. Die Ansprüche, die Figuren und die Beschreibung enthalten eine Vielzahl von Merkmalen, die im Folgenden im Zusammenhang mit beispielhaft beschriebenen Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung erläutert werden. Der Fachmann wird diese Merkmale auch einzeln und in anderen Kombinationen betrachten, um weitere Ausführungsformen zu bilden, die an entsprechende Anwendungen der Erfindung angepasst sind. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the description of the figures. The claims, the figures, and the description include a variety of features that will be discussed below in conjunction with exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The person skilled in the art will also consider these features individually and in other combinations to form further embodiments that are adapted to corresponding applications of the invention.
Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung It show in a schematic representation
Figur 1 eine Faserlage als Halbzeug, FIG. 1 shows a fiber layer as semi-finished product,
Figur 2 einen späteren Zustand der Faserlage als Halbzeug mit darin angeordnetem Einlegeelement, und Figure 2 shows a later state of the fiber layer as a semi-finished product with insert element arranged therein, and
Figur 3 ein fertiges Faserverbundbauteil. 3 shows a finished fiber composite component.
Faserverbundbauteile 13 werden in sogenannten Resin Transfer Moulding Verfahren hergestellt, bei dem eine oder mehrere Faserlagen 10 übereinander gelegt werden und in eine Kavität eines RTM-Werkzeugs eingebracht werden. Anschließend wird die Kavität des Werkzeugs mit einem flüssigen Harz geflutet, wobei das Harz die Faserlagen 10 infiltriert und dabei auch einzelne Fasern 11 benetzt. Nachdem ein ausreichender Infiltrationsgrad sichergestellt ist, wird eine vorbestimmte Zeitdauer abgewartet, in der die Matrix des Faserverbundbauteils 13 ihre nahezu endgültige Form annimmt, indem sie erstarrt bzw. aushärtet. In diesem Zustand kann die Kavität des Werkzeuges geöffnet werden und das Faserverbundbauteil 13 entnommen werden. Fiber composite components 13 are produced in a so-called resin transfer molding process, in which one or more fiber layers 10 are superimposed and introduced into a cavity of an RTM tool. Subsequently, the cavity of the tool is flooded with a liquid resin, wherein the resin infiltrates the fiber layers 10 and also wets individual fibers 11. After a sufficient degree of infiltration is ensured, a predetermined period of time is waited in which the matrix of the fiber composite component 13 its almost final shape takes on by solidifying or hardening. In this state, the cavity of the tool can be opened and the fiber composite component 13 are removed.
In Figur 1 ist eine Faserlage 10 als Halbzeug ausgebildet, bei der die Faser in einer gitterähnlichen Anordnung zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Diese homogene Struktur (Geflecht, Gelege, Gewebe) oder inhomogene Struktur (Vlies, Wirrlage) wird durch Einbringen des Einlegeelements 12 verändert, wobei lokal an der Stelle an der das Einlegeelement 12 die Faserlage 10 durchstößt die einzelnen Fasern umgelenkt werden. Das Einlegeelement 12 kann in die Faserlage 10 eingeführt werden bevor die Faserlage 10 in die Kavität des RTM-Werkzeuges eingelegt wird oder nach dem die Faserlage in das RTM-Werkzeug eingebracht wurde. In der zweiten Variante wird zuerst eine oder mehrere Faserlagen 10 in die Kavität des RTM-Werkzeug eingebracht und anschließend das Einlegeelement 12 zwischen die Fasern geschoben. Dabei befindet sich das Einlegeelement 12 nach wie vor in berührendem Kontakt mit dem Faserverbundbauteil 13. Da die Matrix inzwischen formfest ist, kann das Einlegeelement 12 entnommen werden. In Figure 1, a fiber layer 10 is formed as a semi-finished product, wherein the fiber are aligned in a grid-like arrangement to each other. This homogeneous structure (mesh, scrim, fabric) or inhomogeneous structure (fleece, random orientation) is changed by introducing the insertion element 12, wherein locally at the point where the insert element 12, the fiber layer 10 pierces the individual fibers are deflected. The insert element 12 can be introduced into the fiber layer 10 before the fiber layer 10 is inserted into the cavity of the RTM tool or after the fiber layer has been introduced into the RTM tool. In the second variant, one or more fiber layers 10 are first introduced into the cavity of the RTM tool and then the insert element 12 is pushed between the fibers. In this case, the insert element 12 is still in touching contact with the fiber composite component 13. Since the matrix is now dimensionally stable, the insert element 12 can be removed.
Die Figur 2 zeigt eine Faserlage 10 mit darin eingebrachtem Einlegeelement 12. Figur 2 verdeutlicht schematisch, dass beim Einbringen des FIG. 2 shows schematically a fiber layer 10 with insert element 12 inserted therein
Einlegeelementes 12 die Fasern 11 verdrängt werden, ohne dabei unterbrochen zu werden. Nach Fertigstellen des Faserverbundbauteils und dem Entnehmen des Einlegeelementes 12 verbleibt in dem Faserverbundbauteil eine Ausnehmung 14, wie in Figur 3 dargestellt. In Figur 3 ist diese Ausnehmung beispielhaft und nicht einschränkend für die Erfindung als Durchgangsloch 14 mit einem kreisrunden Querschnitt dargestellt. Wie eingangs erläutert, kann jedoch die Querschnittsform der Ausnehmung bzw. des Durchgangslochs variiert werden, indem Einlegeelemente 12 verwendet werden, die eine entsprechende äußere Querschnittsform aufweisen. Durch diese Durchgangslöcher können anschließend Verbindungselemente, insbesondere Schrauben, Bolzen, Nieten oder Stifte durchgeführt werden, um das Faserverbundbauteil mit einem weiteren Bauteil, beispielsweise einem weiteren Faserverbundbauteil oder aber auch einem Bauteil aus einem anderen Material, zu verbinden. Insertion element 12, the fibers 11 are displaced without being interrupted. After completion of the fiber composite component and the removal of the insert element 12 remains in the fiber composite component a recess 14, as shown in Figure 3. In FIG. 3, this recess is shown by way of example and not by way of limitation for the invention as a through hole 14 with a circular cross section. As explained above, however, the cross-sectional shape of the recess or the through-hole can be varied by using insert elements 12, which have a corresponding outer cross-sectional shape. Connecting elements, in particular screws, bolts, rivets or pins, can then be carried through these through holes in order to connect the fiber composite component to a further component, for example a further fiber composite component or even a component made of a different material.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteils (13) mit den Schritten: 1. A method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component (13) with the steps:
Anordnen eines Einlegeelementes (12) in mindestens einer Faserlage (10), wobei die Verstärkungsfasern (1 1) der Faserlage (10) durch das Einlegeelement (12) lokal verdrängt werden,  Arranging an insert element (12) in at least one fiber layer (10), wherein the reinforcing fibers (1 1) of the fiber layer (10) are locally displaced by the insert element (12),
Ausrichten der mindestens einen Faserlage (10) in einer geöffneten Kavität eines Werkzeugs,  Aligning the at least one fiber layer (10) in an open cavity of a tool,
Schließen der Werkzeugkavität und  Close the tool cavity and
Infiltrieren der in der Kavität befindlichen Faserlage (10) mit einem Matrixmaterial.  Infiltrating the fiber layer (10) located in the cavity with a matrix material.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that
nach dem Verstreichen einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer nach der Infiltration der mindestens einen Faserlage (10), das Einlegeelement (12) aus dem faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteil (13) entfernt wird.  after the lapse of a predetermined period of time after the infiltration of the at least one fiber layer (10), the insert element (12) is removed from the fiber-reinforced plastic component (13).
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that
das Einlegeelement (12) dorn-, stab- oder stangenartig ausgebildet ist.  the insert element (12) is formed like a mandrel, a rod or a rod.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass das Einlegeelement (12) eine kreisrunde, ovale, dreieckige oder mehreckige Querschnittsform aufweist.  in that the insert element (12) has a circular, oval, triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shape.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 or 4, characterized in that
das Einlegeelement (12) als Buchse ausgebildet ist und nach dem Verstreichen einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer nach der Infiltration der mindestens einen Faserlage (10), in dem faserverstärkten the insert element (12) is designed as a socket and after the Lapse of a predetermined period of time after the infiltration of the at least one fiber layer (10), in the fiber-reinforced
Kunststoffbauteil (13) verbleibt.  Plastic component (13) remains.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
als Matrixmaterial ein thermoplastischer Kunststoff verwendet wird, der nach dem Verstreichen der vorbestimmten Zeitdauer zumindest teilweise erstarrt ist, oder  as a matrix material, a thermoplastic material is used, which is at least partially solidified after the lapse of the predetermined period of time, or
als Matrixmaterial ein duroplastischer Kunststoff verwendet wird, der nach dem Verstreichen der vorbestimmten Zeitdauer zumindest teilweise ausgehärtet ist.  As a matrix material, a thermosetting plastic is used, which is at least partially cured after the lapse of the predetermined period of time.
PCT/EP2014/050756 2013-02-07 2014-01-16 Method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component WO2014121992A1 (en)

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