WO2014121558A1 - 褐煤振动热压脱水提质工艺及系统 - Google Patents

褐煤振动热压脱水提质工艺及系统 Download PDF

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WO2014121558A1
WO2014121558A1 PCT/CN2013/074458 CN2013074458W WO2014121558A1 WO 2014121558 A1 WO2014121558 A1 WO 2014121558A1 CN 2013074458 W CN2013074458 W CN 2013074458W WO 2014121558 A1 WO2014121558 A1 WO 2014121558A1
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coal
upgrading
lignite
steam
hot
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PCT/CN2013/074458
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English (en)
French (fr)
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武建军
张一昕
周国莉
刘炯天
万永周
胡雪莲
李霞
李国宁
代应杰
王勇
马江
尚晓玲
石鑫
蔡志丹
商玉坤
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to AU2013377629A priority Critical patent/AU2013377629B2/en
Publication of WO2014121558A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014121558A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/447Carbonized vegetable substances, e.g. charcoal, or produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • the invention relates to a coal processing and cleaning process and system, in particular to a lignite vibration hot pressing dehydration upgrading process and system.
  • Lignite is the coal with the lowest degree of coalification. Its main characteristics are water content of 30% ⁇ 50%, oxygen content of 15% ⁇ 30%, high volatile content of about 50%, low calorific value of about 14MJ/kg, low ash.
  • evaporative dehydration generally uses flue gas or other waste heat gas as a drying medium, and directly contacts with lignite to heat it to evaporate and dry the coal, thereby causing the lignite to be easily pulverized, and the product lump coal is lower;
  • Form removal need to absorb latent heat of vaporization, high energy consumption; because it is carried out under normal pressure and low temperature, it can not permanently change the structure of coal.
  • the non-evaporative dehydration technology removes the moisture in the lignite in liquid form, and changes the physical and chemical structure of the lignite by high-temperature and high-pressure steam (or hot oil) to transform it into a dehydration and upgrading method similar to bituminous coal, which has broad development potential.
  • the non-evaporative dehydration technology currently developed is relatively mature.
  • the hot press dehydration process (MTE) proposed by Strauss University of Dortmund, Germany is a relatively mature non-evaporative dehydration technology, but still requires high temperature and pressure; The action time is longer, the production efficiency is low; the pressure is unevenly distributed in the axial direction of the coal material, and the middle part of the formed coal block is prone to lateral fracture and the like.
  • MTE hot press dehydration process
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a lignite vibration hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading process and system, that is, lignite is formed while the lignite is dehydrated and dehydrated, and the existing uneven distribution of hot pressing dewatering pressure and the lignite upgrading and dehydration are easy to recover.
  • the problem of sucking is to provide a lignite vibration hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading process and system, that is, lignite is formed while the lignite is dehydrated and dehydrated, and the existing uneven distribution of hot pressing dewatering pressure and the lignite upgrading and dehydration are easy to recover.
  • the lignite vibration hot press dewatering upgrade comprises a process and a device
  • the upgrading process steps are as follows:
  • A) The lignite in the raw coal bunker is crushed to a coal powder silo by a fan-milling pre-drying device, and is sent to a vibrating hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading device through a cloth device, and sealed after preheating;
  • the device comprises: raw coal bunker, fan mill pre-drying device, coal powder bin, cloth device, vibrating hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading device, three-way valve, waste water purification system, steam switching valve and steam generating device;
  • the mouth is connected with the inlet of the fan grinding powder pre-drying device, and the discharge port of the fan grinding powder pre-drying device is connected to the inlet of the vibration hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading device through the coal powder bin and the distributing device, and the steam generating device
  • the steam inlet valve is connected to the steam inlet of the vibration hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading device, and the water outlet of the vibration hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading device passes through the three-way valve, one end is connected with the inlet of the vibration hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading device; one end is passed through the wastewater purification system. discharge.
  • the coal material Adopting the vibration compaction system, the coal material is synergistically exerted by the static pressure and the exciting force, which can effectively improve the transmission of pressure in the coal material, so that the pressure of the coal material is more evenly distributed along the axial direction, avoiding the coal block after molding. Due to the small pressure received in the middle, the strength is low and lateral fracture occurs;
  • the effect of the exciting force can accelerate the dehydration and molding of lignite, shorten the extrusion time and improve the production efficiency;
  • the coal is directly heated by saturated steam, the phase change of the saturated steam, the release of latent heat and enhanced heat exchange between the coal and the coal, the heat exchange efficiency is high, the heating time is shortened, and the saturated steam is easily obtained in industrial production;
  • the process conditions are mild and the dehydration efficiency is high: the temperature is 150 ⁇ 220°C, the static pressure is 5 ⁇ 12MPa, and the water content of lignite can be reduced to 10%.
  • the problem of the present invention is solved by solving the problem of uneven distribution of existing hot-pressing dewatering pressure and easy re-absorption after dehydration of lignite.
  • Figure 1 is a system diagram of a device device of the present invention.
  • Example 1 The upgrading process steps are as follows:
  • A) The lignite in the raw coal bunker 1 is crushed to 3 mm or less by the fan mill pre-drying device 2 and sent to the coal powder bin 3, and the lignite is sent to the vibrating hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading device 5 through the cloth device 4, and sealed after preheating;
  • the device comprises: raw coal bunker 1, fan mill pre-drying device 2, coal powder bin 3, distribution device 4, vibrating hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading device 5, three-way valve 6, waste water purification system 7, steam switching valve 8 and steam
  • the generating device 9 ; the discharge port of the raw coal bunker 1 is connected with the inlet of the fan mill pre-drying device 2, and the discharge port of the fan mill pre-drying device 2 passes through the pulverized coal bunker 3 and the distributing device 4 and the vibration heat
  • the inlet port of the pressure dehydration improving device 5 is connected, and the steam generating device 9 is connected to the steam inlet of the vibrating hot-pressure dehydration improving device 5 through the steam switching valve 8.
  • the water outlet of the vibrating hot-pressure dehydrating and upgrading device 5 passes through the three-way valve. 6.
  • One end is connected to the inlet of the vibrating hot press dehydration upgrading device 5; one end is discharged through the wastewater purification system 7.
  • the lignite in the raw coal bunker 1 is transferred to the fan mill pre-drying device 2 and crushed to less than 3 mm, and sent to the pulverized coal bunker 3, after which the pulverized coal is loaded into the vibrating hot-pressure dewatering and upgrading device 5 via the distributing device 4.
  • Preheating the pulverized coal with the water removed by the previous process coal material sealing the material cylinder after preheating, opening the steam switching valve 8, heating the lignite with steam to a predetermined temperature, and then closing the steam switching valve 8, followed by vibration hot pressing dehydration
  • the coal material is dehydrated and formed, it is used as the upgraded lignite.
  • the removed moisture has a higher temperature and is used for preheating the next batch of coal. When the removed moisture contains too much impurities, it enters the wastewater purification system 7 and is discharged after purification. .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种褐煤振动热压脱水提质工艺及系统,属于煤炭加工与洁净工艺及系统。该系统:原煤仓的出料口与风扇磨制粉预干燥装置的入料口连接,风扇磨制粉预干燥装置的出料口通过煤粉仓和布料装置与振动热压脱水提质装置的入料口连接,蒸汽发生装置通过蒸汽开关阀与振动热压脱水提质装置的蒸汽入口连接,振动热压脱水提质装置的出水口通过三通阀,一端与振动热压脱水提质装置的入口连接;一端通过废水净化系统排出;工艺:经风扇磨破碎后的煤粉,输送至振动热压脱水提质装置中,预热后密闭,通入蒸汽加热煤至工艺温度后停止,脱水、成型。褐煤可在较为温和的工艺条件下、较短的作用时间内高效脱除水分,并成型,防止复吸和自燃,便于储存和运输。

Description

褐煤振动热压脱水提质工艺及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤炭加工与洁净工艺及系统,特别是一种褐煤振动热压脱水提质工艺及系统。
背景技术
能源与环境是国民经济和社会可持续发展的重要保证。2020年,煤炭在国家能源构成中仍将在60%左右。2050年,煤炭在我国一次能源中的比例仍将占到50% 左右。在中国目前已探明的褐煤保有储量中,以内蒙古东北地区最多,约占全国褐煤保有储量的3/4;以云南省为主的西南地区的褐煤储量约占全国的1/5。褐煤是煤化程度最低的煤种,其主要特点是水分含量高达30%~50%,氧含量高达15%~30%,高挥发份含量约50%,热值低约为14MJ/kg,低灰熔点、孔隙度大、含有不同数量的腐植酸,化学反应性强,热稳定性差等特点,限制了褐煤的有效利用。研究结果表明,褐煤经脱灰脱水提质加工后,其成分和性质趋近于烟煤,将更有利于利用、运输和贮存,有着重要的环境经济价值。
现阶段国内国外已开发了多种脱水提质工艺,主要分为蒸发脱水和非蒸发脱水两类。目前的蒸发脱水技术一般利用烟道气或其它余热气体为干燥介质,与褐煤直接接触对其加热使煤中水分蒸发干燥,由此带来褐煤易粉碎,产品块煤较低;因水分以气态形式移除,需吸收汽化潜热,能耗高;因在常压低温下进行,不能永久的改变煤的结构,一旦处于潮湿环境中还会迅速吸水,不利于存放、长距离运输、后期利用与加工。非蒸发脱水技术将褐煤中水分以液态形式移除,通过高温高压蒸汽(或热油)改变褐煤的物理和化学结构,使之转变成为类似烟煤的脱水提质方法,具有广阔的发展潜力。
目前开发的非蒸发脱水技术比较成熟的是德国多特蒙德大学Strauss等提出的热压脱水工艺(MTE)是较为成熟的非蒸发脱水技术,但依然存在需要较高的温度和压力;热压脱水所需的作用时间较长,生产效率低;压力在煤料轴向分布不均,成型的煤块中部易发生横向断裂等缺点。总体上看,受条件、技术、材料和经济等诸多因素的影响,节能高效的褐煤脱水工艺还需进一步发展。
技术问题
本发明的目的是要提供一种褐煤振动热压脱水提质工艺及系统,即在褐煤提质脱水的同时对褐煤进行成型,解决现存热压脱水压力分布不均及褐煤提质脱水后易复吸的问题。
技术解决方案
本发明的目的是这样实现的:该褐煤振动热压脱水提质包括工艺和装置;
提质工艺步骤如下:
A)原煤仓中的褐煤经过风扇磨制粉预干燥装置破碎至3mm以下送至煤粉仓,经布料装置将褐煤送入振动热压脱水提质装置,预热后密闭;
B)向振动热压脱水提质装置内通入蒸汽,加热褐煤至工艺温度,温度为150~220℃,压力为5~12MPa;蒸汽发生装置产生的蒸汽与煤料直接接触加热,的蒸汽来自于锅炉产生的蒸汽,对褐煤进行振动热压脱水、成型,成型静压力为5~12MPa;振动激振力大小、频率可调节;
C)脱水、成型后脱模,待型煤冷却后,送入成品仓,冷却时产生的煤粉送回布料装置;
D)煤料脱水成型后作为提质褐煤利用,脱除的水分经预热煤料利用预热后处理排放。
装置包括:原煤仓、风扇磨制粉预干燥装置、煤粉仓、布料装置、振动热压脱水提质装置、三通阀、废水净化系统、蒸汽开关阀和蒸汽发生装置;原煤仓的出料口与风扇磨制粉预干燥装置的入料口连接,风扇磨制粉预干燥装置的出料口通过煤粉仓和布料装置与振动热压脱水提质装置的入料口连接,蒸汽发生装置通过蒸汽开关阀与振动热压脱水提质装置的蒸汽入口连接,振动热压脱水提质装置的出水口通过三通阀,一端与振动热压脱水提质装置的入口连接;一端通过废水净化系统排出。
有益效果
由于采用了上述方案,振动机械热压脱水工艺中,在振动—静压力—热的协同作用下,褐煤可在较为温和的工艺条件下、较短的作用时间内高效脱除水分,并形成具有一定强度的煤块,可有效防止复吸和自燃,便于储存和运输,且此工艺系统较为简单,工艺条件容易实现,生产过程安全,具有良好的工业化应用前景。
1. 采用振动压实系统,煤料受到静压力和激振力的协同作用,可有效改善压力在煤料内的传递,使煤料所受压力沿轴向分布更为均匀,避免成型后的煤块因中部受到的压力小而造成强度低、发生横向断裂;
2. 激振力的作用可加速褐煤的脱水、成型,缩短挤压时间,提高生产效率;
3. 采用饱和蒸汽直接加热煤料,饱和蒸汽发生相变、释放潜热使其与煤料之间的换热强化,换热效率高,缩短加热时间,且在工业生产中饱和蒸汽容易获得;
4. 煤受热后煤质表面有机官能团性质及煤中水的物理性能会改变,煤的表面变得更加疏水,水的粘度、密度、表面张力降低,有助于煤中水的移除;
5. 在机械压力作用下,借助于挤压及孔容的减小将水分移除,蜡质和沥青质物质的熔融,也利于挤压的进行;
6. 官能团性质和孔结构的改变使脱水成型后的煤块可以有效防止复吸和自燃;
7. 水分以液态形式移除,无需吸收汽化潜热,热效率高;
8. 工艺条件温和,脱水效率高:温度150~220℃,静压力5~12MPa,褐煤的含水量可减少至10%。解决现存热压脱水压力分布不均及褐煤提质脱水后易复吸的问题,达到了本发明的目的。
附图说明
图1为本发明的设备装置系统图。
图中:1、原煤仓;2、风扇磨制粉预干燥装置;3、煤粉仓;4、布料装置;5、振动热压脱水提质装置;6、三通阀;7、废水净化系统;8、蒸汽开关阀;9、蒸汽发生装置。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图1对本发明作进一步详细说明,但不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1:提质工艺步骤如下:
A)原煤仓1中的褐煤经过风扇磨制粉预干燥装置2破碎至3mm以下送至煤粉仓3,经布料装置4将褐煤送入振动热压脱水提质装置5,预热后密闭;
B)向振动热压脱水提质装置5内通入蒸汽,加热褐煤至工艺温度,温度为150~220℃,压力为5~12MPa;蒸汽发生装置8产生的蒸汽与煤料直接接触加热,的蒸汽来自于锅炉产生的蒸汽,对褐煤进行振动热压脱水、成型,成型静压力为5~12MPa;振动激振力大小、频率可调节;
C)脱水、成型后脱模,待型煤冷却后,送入成品仓,冷却时产生的煤粉送回布料装置4;
D)煤料脱水成型后作为提质褐煤利用,脱除的水分经预热煤料利用预热后处理排放。
装置包括:原煤仓1、风扇磨制粉预干燥装置2、煤粉仓3、布料装置4、振动热压脱水提质装置5、三通阀6、废水净化系统7、蒸汽开关阀8和蒸汽发生装置9;原煤仓1的出料口与风扇磨制粉预干燥装置2的入料口连接,风扇磨制粉预干燥装置2的出料口通过煤粉仓3和布料装置4与振动热压脱水提质装置5的入料口连接,蒸汽发生装置9通过蒸汽开关阀8与振动热压脱水提质装置5的蒸汽入口连接,振动热压脱水提质装置5的出水口通过三通阀6,一端与振动热压脱水提质装置5的入口连接;一端通过废水净化系统7排出。
将原煤仓1中的褐煤输送到风扇磨预干燥装置2中破碎至3mm以下,送至煤粉仓3中,其后经布料装置4将煤粉装载至振动热压脱水提质装置5中,用上一流程煤料脱除的水预热煤粉,预热后密闭料缸,打开蒸汽开关阀8,用蒸汽加热褐煤至预定温度后关闭蒸汽开关阀8,随后进行振动热压脱水提质,煤料脱水成型后作为提质褐煤利用,脱除的水分具有较高的温度,用于预热下一批煤料,当脱除的水分中杂质过多时进入废水净化系统7,净化后排放。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种褐煤振动热压脱水提质工艺,其特征是:提质工艺步骤如下:
    A)原煤仓中的褐煤经过风扇磨制粉预干燥装置破碎至3mm以下送至煤粉仓,经布料装置将褐煤送入振动热压脱水提质装置,预热后密闭;
    B)向振动热压脱水提质装置内通入蒸汽,加热褐煤至工艺温度,温度为150~220℃,压力为5~12MPa;蒸汽发生装置产生的蒸汽与煤料直接接触加热,的蒸汽来自于锅炉产生的蒸汽,对褐煤进行振动热压脱水、成型,成型静压力为5~12MPa;振动激振力大小、频率可调节;
    C)脱水、成型后脱模,待型煤冷却后,送入成品仓,冷却时产生的煤粉送回布料装置;
    D)煤料脱水成型后作为提质褐煤利用,脱除的水分经预热煤料利用预热后处理排放。
  2. 一种实施褐煤振动热压脱水提质工艺的系统,其特征是:装置包括:原煤仓、风扇磨制粉预干燥装置、煤粉仓、布料装置、振动热压脱水提质装置、三通阀、废水净化系统、蒸汽开关阀和蒸汽发生装置;原煤仓的出料口与风扇磨制粉预干燥装置的入料口连接,风扇磨制粉预干燥装置的出料口通过煤粉仓和布料装置与振动热压脱水提质装置的入料口连接,蒸汽发生装置通过蒸汽开关阀与振动热压脱水提质装置的蒸汽入口连接,振动热压脱水提质装置的出水口通过三通阀,一端与振动热压脱水提质装置的入口连接;一端通过废水净化系统排出。
PCT/CN2013/074458 2013-02-07 2013-04-19 褐煤振动热压脱水提质工艺及系统 WO2014121558A1 (zh)

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