WO2016091169A1 - 一种处理有机垃圾的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种处理有机垃圾的方法和装置 Download PDF

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WO2016091169A1
WO2016091169A1 PCT/CN2015/096794 CN2015096794W WO2016091169A1 WO 2016091169 A1 WO2016091169 A1 WO 2016091169A1 CN 2015096794 W CN2015096794 W CN 2015096794W WO 2016091169 A1 WO2016091169 A1 WO 2016091169A1
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organic waste
flue gas
water
dry distillation
steam
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PCT/CN2015/096794
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张大伟
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密西西比国际水务有限公司
亚马逊水务有限公司
张大伟
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Publication of WO2016091169A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016091169A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of treating organic waste using a combined process.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the above method.
  • Organic waste includes: organic matter in municipal solid waste, livestock and poultry manure in animal husbandry, brewing industry and food processing industry waste, sewage treatment plant sludge, and so on. How to deal with these organic wastes has become a thorny issue in urban development.
  • Dry distillation is a method of pyrolyzing organic matter in an anaerobic state.
  • the organic waste is treated by dry distillation to avoid environmental pollution caused by organic waste incineration or landfill. It is a good resource for organic waste, harmless, and environmentally friendly. method.
  • the water contained in the organic waste evaporates during the retorting process, a large amount of natural gas is consumed.
  • the temperature usually needs to reach 500 ° C to 650 ° C, so the temperature of the flue gas discharged is also high. A large amount of heat loss is caused, which makes the operation cost of the organic waste treatment by the dry distillation method high, and becomes a major obstacle to the promotion and application of the dry distillation treatment technology.
  • a discharge port of a dewatering device is connected to a feed port of the steam drying device
  • the discharge port of the steam drying device is connected to the feed port of the dry distillation device through a mechanical conveying device, a dry organic waste bin, a screw conveyor;
  • the retorting equipment is equipped with a biomass fuel burner and a dry gas burner;
  • the discharge end of the retorting device is connected to the feed port of the cooling device, the discharge port of the cooling device is connected with the biochar bin, the flue gas outlet of the retorting device is connected with the flue gas waste heat steam generator, and the mixed gas discharge port of the retorting device is connected to the vapor body Purifying the intake end of the separation device;
  • the water outlet of the vapor purification separation device is connected to the water inlet of the oil-water separation device, the gas outlet of the vapor purification separation device is connected to the dry distillation gas burner, and the water inlet of the vapor purification separation device is connected to the spray water;
  • the drain port of the oil-water separation device is connected to the sewage treatment device, and the oil discharge port of the oil-water separation device is connected to the oil storage device;
  • the flue gas outlet of the flue gas waste heat steam generator is connected to the flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger, and the steam outlet of the flue gas waste heat steam generator is connected to the steam inlet of the regenerator tank, and the water supply port of the flue gas waste heat steam generator is connected to the softening water tank;
  • the flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the air inlet of the induced draft fan through a dust remover, and the air outlet of the induced draft fan is connected to the chimney;
  • the feed port of the biomass pellet fuel tank is connected to the fuel delivery device, and the discharge port of the biomass pellet fuel tank is connected to the feed port of the biomass fuel burner;
  • the circulating water inlet of the cooling device is connected to the water outlet of the circulating pump, and the circulating water outlet of the cooling device is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger, and the water outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the circulating water inlet of the softening water tank to soften the circulating water of the water tank.
  • the nozzle is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump.
  • the device for treating organic waste wherein the mechanical conveying device is a belt conveyor, a scraper conveyor or a screw conveyor.
  • the device for treating organic waste wherein the fuel delivery device is a bucket conveyor or a wind conveyor.
  • the device for treating organic waste wherein the water supply port of the flue gas waste heat steam generator is connected to the softened water tank through a water pump.
  • the device for treating organic waste wherein the drain of the oil-water separation device is connected to the sewage treatment device through a water pump.
  • the invention provides a method for treating organic waste by using the above device:
  • the flue gas waste heat steam generator is used to recover the waste heat in the high-temperature flue gas discharged during the dry distillation treatment of the organic waste, and the steam is produced for the steam drying equipment;
  • Cooling equipment is used to cool the biochar produced by the dry distillation, and at the same time, the heat in the biochar is recovered, and the hydration of the flue gas residual heat steam generator is heated;
  • organic waste refers to organic matter in urban domestic garbage, livestock manure, and sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant.
  • the high-temperature flue gas generated in the process of treating the organic waste by the dry distillation apparatus is recovered by the flue gas waste heat steam generator to produce steam, and the produced steam is sent to the heat storage tank.
  • the use of the apparatus of the invention for treating organic waste retains the advantages of retorting treatment of organic waste resource, harmlessness and environmental protection, and adopts a combination process of dehydration, drying and dry distillation, plus waste heat recovery and utilization, and replacement by biomass fuel.
  • Expensive natural gas overcomes the high cost of operating organic waste by the use of dry distillation alone.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of an apparatus for treating organic waste according to the present invention
  • the known organic components are used in the apparatus for treating organic waste provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention combines the known components to obtain a set of devices for treating organic waste.
  • the apparatus for treating organic waste of the present invention comprises:
  • the discharge port of a dewatering device 2 is connected to the feed port of the steam drying device 3, and the discharge port of the steam drying device 3 is fed through the mechanical conveying device 4, the dried organic waste bin 5, the screw conveyor 6 and the retorting device 7
  • the port connection, the retorting device 7 is equipped with a biomass fuel burner 34 and a dry gas burner 26, and the discharge end of the retorting device 7 is connected to the feed port of the cooling device 9.
  • the discharge port of the cooling device 9 is connected to the biochar 10, and the flue gas outlet of the retorting device 7 is connected to the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12, and the mixed gas discharge port of the retorting device 7 is connected to the intake end of the vapor purification separation device 22.
  • the drain port of the vapor purification separation device 22 is connected to the water inlet of the oil-water separation device 23, and the gas outlet of the vapor purification separation device 22 is connected to the dry gas burner 26, and the water inlet of the vapor purification separation device 22 is connected to the spray water 27.
  • the drain port of the oil-water separation device 23 is connected to the sewage treatment device 30 via a water pump 29, and the oil discharge port of the oil-water separation device 23 is connected to the oil storage device 25.
  • the flue gas outlet of the flue gas waste heat steam generator 12 is connected to the flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger 15, and the steam outlet of the flue gas waste heat steam generator 12 is connected to the steam inlet of the regenerator 13 and the water supply port of the flue gas waste heat steam generator 12.
  • the overfill water pump 21 is connected to the softened water tank 20.
  • the flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the air inlet of the draft fan 17 through the dust remover 16, and the air outlet of the draft fan 17 is connected to the chimney 18.
  • the feed port of the biomass pellet fuel tank 33 is connected to the fuel delivery device 32, and the discharge port of the biomass pellet fuel tank 33 is connected to the feed port of the biomass fuel burner 34.
  • the circulating water inlet of the cooling device 9 is connected to the water outlet of the circulation pump 19.
  • the circulating water outlet of the cooling device 9 is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger 15, and the water outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the circulating water inlet of the softening tank 20.
  • the circulating water outlet of the softened water tank 20 is connected to the water inlet of the circulation pump 19.
  • the dewatering apparatus 2 for dehydrating the organic waste 1 is connected to the steam drying apparatus 3, and the dehydrated organic waste 1 is further processed by the steam drying apparatus 3.
  • the steam drying device 3 for drying the organic waste 1 is connected to the dry distillation device 7 through a mechanical conveying device 4, a dried organic waste bin 5, and a screw conveyor 6.
  • the organic waste 1 dried by the steam drying device 3 is transported to the dry organic waste bin 5 through the mechanical conveying device 4, and then transported by the screw conveyor 6 to the dry distillation device 7 for retorting treatment to form a living organism.
  • the discharge end of the dry distillation apparatus 7 for the organic waste 1 retorting treatment is connected to the cooling device 9; the outlet of the flue gas 11 at the upper portion of the retorting unit 7 is connected to the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12; the gas discharge port of the retorting device 7 is The vapor purification separation device 22 is connected; the carbonization device 7 is equipped with a biomass fuel burner 34 and a dry distillation gas burner 26.
  • the gas-purifying separation device 22 for the vapor purification separation process is connected to the gas discharge port of the dry distillation device 7; the vapor purification separation device 22 is connected to the water inlet of the oil-water separation device 23; the vapor purification separation device 22 The gas outlet is connected to the dry gas burner 26; the water inlet of the vapor purification separation device 22 is connected to the spray water 27.
  • the water inlet of the oil-water separation device 23 for separating the drain 28 of the vapor purification separation device 22 is connected to the drain port of the vapor purification separation device 22, and the drain 28 treated by the oil-water separation device 23 is sent to the sewage through the water pump 29.
  • the treatment device 30 performs a purification process; the oil discharge port of the oil-water separation device 23 is connected to the oil storage device 25, and the biomass oil 24 discharged from the oil-water separation device 23 is sent to the oil storage device 25 for storage.
  • the flue gas waste heat steam generator 12 flue gas inlet is connected with the exhaust port of the retorting device 7, and the flue gas 11 enters the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12; the flue gas outlet of the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12 and the heat exchanger 15
  • the flue gas inlet connection; the steam outlet of the flue gas waste heat steam generator 12 is connected to the steam inlet of the regenerator tank 13, the steam 14 is entered by the regenerator 13 into the steam drying device 3; the replenishing port of the flue gas waste heat steam generator 12 Connected to the softened water tank 20 by the make-up water pump 21;
  • the flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the flue gas waste heat steam generator 12; the flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the air inlet of the induced draft fan 17 through the dust remover 16, and the air outlet of the induced draft fan 17 and the chimney 18 connection.
  • the feed port of the biomass pellet fuel tank 33 is connected to the fuel delivery device 32, and the discharge port of the biomass pellet fuel tank 33 is connected to the feed port of the biomass fuel burner 34.
  • the biomass fuel 31 enters the biomass pellet fuel reservoir 33 through the fuel delivery device 32.
  • the feed port of the cooling device 9 is connected to the discharge end of the retorting device 7; the discharge port of the cooling device 9 is connected to the biochar 10; the circulating water inlet of the cooling device 9 is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 19; The circulating water outlet of 9 is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger 15; The water outlet of the heater 15 is connected to the circulating water inlet of the softened water tank 20; the circulating water outlet of the softened water tank 20 is connected to the water inlet of the circulation pump 19.
  • the dewatering equipment 2 is used to dewater the municipal sewage treatment plant sludge (organic waste 1), and the water content of the municipal sewage treatment plant sludge (organic waste 1) is reduced from 98% to 60%-80%. And the weight is reduced by 100-200 times.
  • the dewatering device 2 is a well-known device. It may be a belt filter press, a centrifugal dewatering machine or/and a plate and frame filter press.
  • the municipal sewage treatment plant sludge (organic waste 1) with a moisture content of 60%-80% after dewatering is sent to the steam drying equipment 3 for drying treatment, and the sewage of the municipal sewage treatment plant (organic waste 1)
  • the water content is reduced from 60% to 80% to ⁇ 40%, and the volume and weight are reduced by 1.5-3 times.
  • the steam drying device 3 is a well-known device.
  • the municipal sewage treatment plant sludge (organic waste 1) with water content ⁇ 40% after being treated by steam drying equipment 3 is transported to the mechanical conveying equipment 4 (such as belt conveyor, scraper conveyor or screw conveyor) to The dried organic waste bin 5 is stored, and then transported by the screw conveyor 6 to the dry distillation apparatus 7 for dry distillation to produce biochar 8.
  • the dry distillation apparatus 7 is a well-known apparatus, and "a kind of apparatus for manufacturing biochar" can be used (patent number ZL 2010 2 0562292.5, authorization bulletin number CN201825737U).
  • the biochar 8 produced by the retorting apparatus 7 is discharged from the discharge end of the retorting apparatus 7 and enters the cooling apparatus 9 for cooling.
  • the softened water in the demineralized water tank 20 is circulated to the cooling device 9 by the circulation pump 19, and the biochar 8 is cooled on the one hand, and the softened water in the softened water tank 20 is heated and heated by the heat contained in the biochar 8 to improve the residual heat of the flue gas.
  • the temperature of the steam generator 12 hydrating achieves an energy saving effect.
  • the flue gas 11 of the pyrolysis device 7 enters the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12 under the action of the induced draft fan 17.
  • the pyrolysis device 7 is equipped with a biomass fuel burner 34 and a dry gas burner 26.
  • the cooling device 9, the circulation pump 19, the demineralized water tank 20, the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12, the vapor purification separation device 22, the biomass fuel burner 34, and the dry distillation gas burner 26 are all well-known devices.
  • the retorting apparatus 7 delivers the gas to the vapor purification separation device 22 during the process of dry distillation of the municipal sewage treatment plant sludge (organic waste 1) having a water content of ⁇ 40%.
  • the combustible gas is purified by the vapor purification separation device 22
  • the fuel is supplied to the dry distillation gas burner 26 as a fuel of the dry distillation apparatus 7, and the spray water, condensed water, oil, and the like are sent to the oil-water separation apparatus 3 for processing.
  • the drain 28 of the oil-water separation device 23 is sent to the sewage treatment facility 30 by the water pump 29 for purification treatment, and the biomass oil 24 discharged from the oil-water separation device 23 flows into the oil storage device 25 for storage.
  • the oil-water separation device 23 and the oil storage device 25 are well-known devices.
  • the high-temperature flue gas 11 discharged from the retorting device 7 enters the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12, and converts the residual heat in the flue gas 11 into steam 14 for storage in the regenerator 13; the flue gas discharged from the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12
  • the gas enters the heat exchanger 15, and the softened water in the softened water tank 20 is circulated to the heat exchanger 15 through the circulation pump 19, and further uses the residual heat in the flue gas 11 to heat the softened water in the softened water tank 20; the smoke discharged from the heat exchanger 15
  • the gas is delivered by the induced draft fan 17 to the chimney 18 for discharge.
  • the heat storage tank 13, the heat exchanger 15, and the softened water tank 20 are well-known equipment.
  • the softened water in the softened water tank 20 is sent to the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12 through the make-up water pump 21 as the hydration of the flue gas residual heat steam generator 12.
  • the retorting device 7 uses the biomass pellet fuel 31 as a fuel, and the biomass pellet fuel 31 is transported to the biomass pellet fuel through a fuel delivery device 32 (eg, a bucket elevator or a wind conveyor).
  • a fuel delivery device 32 eg, a bucket elevator or a wind conveyor.
  • the biomass particulate fuel 31 in the biomass pellet fuel tank 33 is piped to the biomass fuel burner 34 to meet the operational needs of the retorting unit 7.
  • the combined process of the present invention reduces the cost of organic waste by 60-70% and has a significant function in reducing the cost of dry distillation sludge.
  • the invention adopts the combined process of dehydration, drying and dry distillation, plus waste heat recovery and utilization, and replaces expensive natural gas with biomass fuel, that is, the advantages of recycling, organic waste recycling, harmlessness and environmental protection are preserved, and the advantages are reduced.
  • the cost of dry distillation of organic waste to produce biochar overcomes the disadvantage of high operating cost of treating organic waste by dry distillation alone.
  • the purpose of reducing the operating cost of the dry distillation of organic waste to produce biochar is achieved.

Abstract

一种处理有机垃圾的装置及利用该装置处理有机垃圾的方法，其中装置包括：脱水设备（2）、蒸汽干燥设备（3）、干化有机垃圾仓（5）、干馏设备（7）、生物质燃料燃烧器（34）、冷却设备（7）、烟气余热蒸汽发生器（12）、汽体净化分离设备（22）、油水分离设备（23）、污水处理设备（30）、储油设备（25）。利用该装置处理有机垃圾即保留了干馏法处理有机垃圾资源化、无害化、环保的优点，又通过采用脱水、干燥、干馏组合工艺，再加上余热回收利用，采用生物质燃料（31）替代价格昂贵的天然气，克服了单独使用干馏法处理有机垃圾运行成本高的缺陷。

Description

一种处理有机垃圾的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用组合工艺处理有机垃圾的方法。
本发明还涉及一种用于实现上述方法的装置。
背景技术
我国每年产生有机垃圾数量巨大，据统计，仅北京市2013年就产生污水处理厂污泥100多万吨、生活垃圾1000多万吨、园林废弃物400多万吨，全世界每年有超过10亿吨的有机垃圾。
有机垃圾包括：城市生活垃圾中的有机物、畜牧养殖业的畜禽粪便、酿造业及食品加工业废弃物、污水处理厂污泥等等。如何处理这些有机垃圾成为城市发展中的棘手问题。
干馏是在无氧状态下对有机物进行热解的方法，采用干馏法处理有机垃圾，避免了有机垃圾焚烧或填埋对环境造成的污染，是有机垃圾资源化、无害化、环保处理的好方法。但是，由于干馏过程中，有机垃圾中所含的水分蒸发需要消耗大量的天然气，同时，对有机垃圾进行干馏处理时，温度通常需要达到500℃-650℃，因此排放的烟气温度也高，造成大量的热损失，使得采用干馏法处理有机垃圾的运行成本高，成为干馏处理垃圾技术推广、应用的主要障碍。
能否采用脱水、干馏、干馏高温烟气余热回收生产蒸汽，并用蒸汽对污泥进行干燥等工艺组合，首先采用脱水设备对有机垃圾进行脱水处理，降低有机垃圾含水率，减少有机垃圾的数量；采用蒸汽干燥设备对有机垃圾进行干燥处理，进一步降低有机垃圾含水率，进一步减少有机垃圾的数量；通过脱水和蒸汽干燥处理后，有机垃圾的水分和数量均减少，从而减少了干馏处理有机垃圾的水分和数量，降低了干馏设备的能源消耗，同时采用烟气余热蒸汽发生器将干馏处理有机垃圾过程中高温烟气中的余热进行回收，生产蒸汽用于蒸汽干燥设备。通过上述组合工 艺，即保留了干馏法处理有机垃圾资源化、无害化、环保的优点，降低了干馏有机垃圾制生物炭的成本，克服了单独使用干馏法处理有机垃圾运行成本高的缺陷。
然而采用上述组合工艺对有机垃圾进行处理的方法，至今未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种处理有机垃圾的装置。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种利用上述装置处理有机垃圾的方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的处理有机垃圾的装置，包括：
一脱水设备的出料口连接蒸汽干燥设备的进料口；
蒸汽干燥设备的出料口通过机械输送设备、干化有机垃圾仓、螺旋输送机与干馏设备的进料口连接；
干馏设备安装有生物质燃料燃烧机和干馏气烧嘴；
干馏设备的出料端连接冷却设备的进料口，冷却设备的出料口与生物炭仓连接，干馏设备的烟气出口连接烟气余热蒸汽发生器，干馏设备的混合气体排口连接汽体净化分离设备的进气端；
汽体净化分离设备的排水口连接油水分离设备的进水口，汽体净化分离设备的出气口连接干馏气烧嘴，汽体净化分离设备的进水口连接喷淋水；
油水分离设备的排水口连接污水处理设备，油水分离设备的排油口连接储油设备；
烟气余热蒸汽发生器的烟气出口连接换热器的烟气进口，烟气余热蒸汽发生器的蒸汽出口连接蓄热罐的蒸汽进口，烟气余热蒸汽发生器的补水口连接软化水箱；
换热器的烟气出口通过除尘器连接引风机的进风口，引风机的出风口连接烟囱；
生物质颗粒燃料仓的进料口与燃料输送设备连接，生物质颗粒燃料仓的出料口连接生物质燃料燃烧机的进料口；
冷却设备的循环水进水口连接循环泵的出水口，冷却设备的循环水出水口连接换热器的进水口，换热器的出水口连接软化水箱的循环水进水口，软化水箱的循环水出水口连接循环泵的进水口。
所述的处理有机垃圾的装置，其中，机械输送设备为皮带输送机、刮板输送机或螺旋输送机。
所述的处理有机垃圾的装置，其中，燃料输送设备为斗提输送机或风力输送机。
所述的处理有机垃圾的装置，其中，烟气余热蒸汽发生器的补水口通过补水泵连接软化水箱。
所述的处理有机垃圾的装置，其中，油水分离设备的排水口通过水泵连接污水处理设备。
本发明提供的利用上述装置处理有机垃圾的方法：
A、采用脱水设备对有机垃圾进行脱水处理，降低有机垃圾含水率，减少有机垃圾的数量；
B、采用蒸汽干燥设备对经过脱水处理后的有机垃圾进行干燥处理，进一步降低有机垃圾含水率，进一步减少有机垃圾的体积；
C、采用干馏设备将经过脱水、蒸汽干燥处理后的有机垃圾进行干馏处理制成生物炭；
D、采用烟气余热蒸汽发生器将干馏处理有机垃圾过程中排放的高温烟气中的余热进行回收，生产蒸汽用于蒸汽干燥设备；
E、采用冷却设备将干馏生产的生物炭进行冷却，同时，将生物炭中的热量进行回收，加热烟气余热蒸汽发生器的补水；
F、将干馏设备运行过程中产生的汽体进行净化分离处理，并将净化分离处理后产生的干馏气回收利用作为干馏设备的燃料；
G、将干馏设备运行过程中产生的生物质油进行分离处理后回收。
所述的方法，其中，有机垃圾是指城市生活垃圾中的有机物、畜禽粪便和城市污水处理厂的污泥。
所述的方法，其中，有机垃圾在干馏过程中产生的混合汽体在汽体净化分离设备内进行冷凝、净化和分离处理。
所述的方法，其中，干馏设备在处理有机垃圾过程中产生的高温烟气由烟气余热蒸汽发生器进行回收生产蒸汽，生产的蒸汽输送到蓄热罐中。
利用本发明的设备处理有机垃圾即保留了干馏法处理有机垃圾资源化、无害化、环保的优点，又通过采用脱水、干燥、干馏组合工艺，再加上余热回收利用，采用生物质燃料替代价格昂贵的天然气，克服了单独使用干馏法处理有机垃圾运行成本高的缺陷。
附图说明
图1是本发明处理有机垃圾的装置结构图
附图中符号说明：
1有机垃圾；2脱水设备；3蒸汽干燥设备；4机械输送设备；5干化有机垃圾仓；6螺旋输送机；7干馏设备；8生物炭；9冷却设备；10生物炭仓；11烟气；12烟气余热蒸汽发生器；13蓄热罐；14蒸汽；15换热器；16除尘器；17引风机；18烟囱；19循环泵；20软化水箱；21补水泵；22汽体净化分离设备23油水分离设备；24生物质油；25储油设备；；26干馏气烧嘴；27喷淋水；28排水；29水泵；30污水处理设备；31生物质燃料；32燃料输送设备；33生物质颗粒燃料仓；34生物质燃料燃烧器。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述，应当理解，优选实施例仅是为了说明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。
同时需要说明的是，本发明提供的处理有机垃圾的装置中均采用公知部件，本发明是将该些公知的部件进行组合后得到一套处理有机垃圾的装置。
如图1所示，本发明处理有机垃圾的装置包括：
一脱水设备2的出料口连接蒸汽干燥设备3的进料口，蒸汽干燥设备3的出料口通过机械输送设备4、干化有机垃圾仓5、螺旋输送机6与干馏设备7的进料口连接，干馏设备7安装有生物质燃料燃烧机34和干馏气烧嘴26，干馏设备7的出料端连接冷却设备9的进料口。
冷却设备9的出料口与生物炭仓10连接，干馏设备7的烟气出口连接烟气余热蒸汽发生器12，干馏设备7的混合气体排口连接汽体净化分离设备22的进气端。汽体净化分离设备22的排水口连接油水分离设备23的进水口，汽体净化分离设备22的出气口连接干馏气烧嘴26，汽体净化分离设备22的进水口连接喷淋水27。
油水分离设备23的排水口通过水泵29连接污水处理设备30，油水分离设备23的排油口连接储油设备25。
烟气余热蒸汽发生器12的烟气出口连接换热器15的烟气进口，烟气余热蒸汽发生器12的蒸汽出口连接蓄热罐13的蒸汽进口，烟气余热蒸汽发生器12的补水口过补水泵21连接软化水箱20。
换热器15的烟气出口通过除尘器16连接引风机17的进风口，引风机17的出风口连接烟囱18。
生物质颗粒燃料仓33的进料口与燃料输送设备32连接，生物质颗粒燃料仓33的出料口连接生物质燃料燃烧机34的进料口。
冷却设备9的循环水进水口连接循环泵19的出水口，冷却设备9的循环水出水口连接换热器15的进水口，换热器15的出水口连接软化水箱20的循环水进水口，软化水箱20的循环水出水口连接循环泵19的进水口。
利用上述设备处理有机垃圾的流程是：
用于有机垃圾1脱水的脱水设备2与蒸汽干燥设备3连接，将经过脱水处理的有机垃圾1再由蒸汽干燥设备3进一步处理。
用于有机垃圾1干燥的蒸汽干燥设备3通过机械输送设备4、干化有机垃圾仓5、螺旋输送机6与干馏设备7连接。经过蒸汽干燥设备3干燥处理后的有机垃圾1通过机械输送设备4输送到干化有机垃圾仓5内储存，再由螺旋输送机6输送到干馏设备7内进行干馏处理制成生物 炭8。
用于有机垃圾1干馏处理的干馏设备7的出料端与冷却设备9连接；干馏设备7上部的烟气11的出口通过与烟气余热蒸汽发生器12连接；干馏设备7的气体排口与汽体净化分离设备22连接；干馏设备7安装有生物质燃料燃烧机34和干馏气烧嘴26。
用于汽体净化分离处理的汽体净化分离设备22进气端与干馏设备7的气体排口连接；汽体净化分离设备22排水口与油水分离设备23进水口连接；汽体净化分离设备22出气口通过与干馏气烧嘴26连接；汽体净化分离设备22进水口与喷淋水27连接。
用于对汽体净化分离设备22的排水28进行油水分离的油水分离设备23的进水口与汽体净化分离设备22排水口连接，经过油水分离设备23处理后的排水28通过水泵29输送到污水处理设备30进行净化处理；油水分离设备23的排油口与储油设备25连接，油水分离设备23排出的生物质油24输送到储油设备25中储存。
烟气余热蒸汽发生器12烟气进口与干馏设备7的排烟口连接，烟气11进入烟气余热蒸汽发生器12中；烟气余热蒸汽发生器12的烟气出口与换热器15的烟气进口连接；烟气余热蒸汽发生器12的蒸汽出口与蓄热罐13的蒸汽进口连接，蒸汽14由蓄热罐13进入的蒸汽干燥设备3中；烟气余热蒸汽发生器12的补水口通过补水泵21与软化水箱20连接；
换热器15的烟气进口与烟气余热蒸汽发生器12的烟气出口连接；换热器15的烟气出口通过除尘器16与引风机17进风口连接，引风机17出风口与烟囱18连接。
生物质颗粒燃料仓33的进料口与燃料输送设备32连接，生物质颗粒燃料仓33的出料口与生物质燃料燃烧机34的进料口连接。生物质燃料31通过燃料输送设备32进入生物质颗粒燃料仓33中。
冷却设备9的进料口与干馏设备7的出料端连接；冷却设备9的出料口与生物炭仓10连接；冷却设备9的循环水进水口与循环泵19的出水口连接；冷却设备9的循环水出水口与换热器15的进水口连接；换 热器15的出水口与软化水箱20的循环水进水口连接；软化水箱20的循环水出水口与循环泵19的进水口连接。
实施例
1)首先采用脱水设备2对城市污水处理厂污泥(有机垃圾1)进行脱水处理，将城市污水处理厂污泥(有机垃圾1)的含水率由98％降低到60％-80％，体积和重量减少100-200倍。脱水设备2为公知设备。可以是带式压滤机、离心脱水机或/和板框压滤机等。
2、将经过脱水处理后含水率60％-80％的城市污水处理厂污泥(有机垃圾1)输送到蒸汽干燥设备3中进行干燥处理，将城市污水处理厂污泥(有机垃圾1)的含水率由60％-80％降低到≤40％，体积和重量减少1.5-3倍。蒸汽干燥设备3为公知设备。
3、将经过蒸汽干燥设备3处理后含水率≤40％的城市污水处理厂污泥(有机垃圾1)通过机械输送设备4(如：皮带输送机、刮板输送机或螺旋输送机)输送到干化有机垃圾仓5内储存，再由螺旋输送机6输送到干馏设备7内进行干馏处理制成生物炭8。干馏设备7为公知设备，可以采用“一种制造生物炭的设备”(专利号ZL 2010 2 0562292.5，授权公告号CN201825737U)。
4、干馏设备7制造的生物炭8由干馏设备7的出料端排出，进入冷却设备9中进行冷却。通过循环泵19将软化水箱20中的软化水循环输送到冷却设备9，一方面将生物炭8进行冷却，同时利用生物炭8中所含的热量加热软化水箱20中的软化水，提高烟气余热蒸汽发生器12补水的温度，达到节能的效果。干馏设备7的烟气11在引风机17的作用下，进入烟气余热蒸汽发生器12。干馏设备7安装有生物质燃料燃烧机34和干馏气烧嘴26。冷却设备9、循环泵19、软化水箱20、烟气余热蒸汽发生器12、汽体净化分离设备22、生物质燃料燃烧机34和干馏气烧嘴26均为公知设备。
5、干馏设备7在干馏含水率≤40％的城市污水处理厂污泥(有机垃圾1)的过程中，产生的气体输送到汽体净化分离设备22中。气体经过汽体净化分离设备22处理后，可燃气体由汽体净化分离设备22出气口 输送到干馏气烧嘴26作为干馏设备7的燃料，喷淋水、冷凝水和油类等输送到油水分离设备3进行处理。油水分离设备23的排水28通过水泵29输送到污水处理设备30进行净化处理，油水分离设备23排出的生物质油24流入储油设备25中储存。油水分离设备23和储油设备25为公知设备。
6、干馏设备7排出的高温烟气11进入烟气余热蒸汽发生器12，将烟气11中的余热转化为蒸汽14送到蓄热罐13中储存；烟气余热蒸汽发生器12排出的烟气进入换热器15，通过循环泵19将软化水箱20中的软化水循环输送到换热器15，进一步利用烟气11中的余热加热软化水箱20中的软化水；换热器15排出的烟气由引风机17输送到烟囱18排放。蓄热罐13、换热器15、软化水箱20为公知设备。
7、软化水箱20中的软化水通过补水泵21输送到烟气余热蒸汽发生器12，作为烟气余热蒸汽发生器12的补水。
8、为了降低运行成本和环境保护，干馏设备7采用生物质颗粒燃料31为燃料，将生物质颗粒燃料31通过燃料输送设备32(如：斗提机或风力输送机)输送到生物质颗粒燃料仓33中储存，生物质颗粒燃料仓33中的生物质颗粒燃料31通过管道输送到生物质燃料燃烧机34，满足干馏设备7的运行需要。
采用本发明的组合工艺，将有机垃圾的成本降低了60-70％，在降低干馏处理污泥成本方面具有显著的功能。
本发明通过采用脱水、干燥、干馏组合工艺，再加上余热回收利用，采用生物质燃料替代价格昂贵的天然气，即保留了干馏法处理有机垃圾资源化、无害化、环保的优点，降低了干馏有机垃圾制生物炭的成本，克服了单独使用干馏法处理有机垃圾运行成本高的缺陷。达到了降低干馏处理有机垃圾制生物炭的运行成本的目的。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种处理有机垃圾的装置，包括：
    一脱水设备(2)的出料口连接蒸汽干燥设备(3)的进料口；
    蒸汽干燥设备(3)的出料口通过机械输送设备(4)、干化有机垃圾仓(5)、螺旋输送机(6)与干馏设备(7)的进料口连接；
    干馏设备(7)安装有生物质燃料燃烧机(34)和干馏气烧嘴(26)；
    干馏设备(7)的出料端连接冷却设备(9)的进料口，冷却设备(9)的出料口与生物炭仓(10)连接，干馏设备(7)的烟气出口连接烟气余热蒸汽发生器(12)，干馏设备(7)的混合气体排口连接汽体净化分离设备(22)的进气端；
    汽体净化分离设备(22)的排水口连接油水分离设备(23)的进水口，汽体净化分离设备(22)的出气口连接干馏气烧嘴(26)，汽体净化分离设备(22)的进水口连接喷淋水(27)；
    油水分离设备(23)的排水口连接污水处理设备(30)，油水分离设备(23)的排油口连接储油设备(25)；
    烟气余热蒸汽发生器(12)的烟气出口连接换热器(15)的烟气进口，烟气余热蒸汽发生器(12)的蒸汽出口连接蓄热罐(13)的蒸汽进口，烟气余热蒸汽发生器(12)的补水口连接连接软化水箱(20)；
    换热器(15)的烟气出口通过除尘器(16)连接引风机(17)的进风口，引风机(17)的出风口连接烟囱(18)；
    生物质颗粒燃料仓(33)的进料口与燃料输送设备(32)连接，生物质颗粒燃料仓(33)的出料口连接生物质燃料燃烧机(34)的进料口；
    冷却设备(9)的循环水进水口连接循环泵(19)的出水口，冷却设备(9)的循环水出水口连接换热器(15)的进水口，换热器(15)的出水口连接软化水箱(20)的循环水进水口，软化水箱(20)的循环水出水口连接循环泵(19)的进水口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的处理有机垃圾的装置，其中，机械输送设备(4)为皮带输送机、刮板输送机或螺旋输送机。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的处理有机垃圾的装置，其中，燃料输送设备(32)为斗提输送机或风力输送机。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的处理有机垃圾的装置，其中，烟气余热蒸汽发生器(12)的补水口通过补水泵(21)连接软化水箱(20)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的处理有机垃圾的装置，其中，油水分离设备(23)的排水口通过水泵(29)连接污水处理设备(30)。
  6. 利用权利要求1所述装置处理有机垃圾的方法：
    A、采用脱水设备对有机垃圾进行脱水处理，降低有机垃圾含水率，减少有机垃圾的数量；
    B、采用蒸汽干燥设备对经过脱水处理后的有机垃圾进行干燥处理，进一步降低有机垃圾含水率，进一步减少有机垃圾的体积；
    C、采用干馏设备将经过脱水、蒸汽干燥处理后的有机垃圾进行干馏处理制成生物炭；
    D、采用炯气余热蒸汽发生器将干馏处理有机垃圾过程中排放的高温烟气中的余热进行回收，生产蒸汽用于蒸汽干燥设备；
    E、采用冷却设备将干馏生产的生物炭进行冷却，同时，将生物炭中的热量进行回收，加热烟气余热蒸汽发生器的补水；
    F、将干馏设备运行过程中产生的汽体进行净化分离处理，并将净化分离处理后产生的干馏气回收利用作为干馏设备的燃料；
    G、将干馏设备运行过程中产生的生物质油进行分离处理后回收。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，有机垃圾是指城市生活垃圾中的有机物、畜禽粪便和城市污水处理厂的污泥。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其中，有机垃圾在干馏过程中产生的混合汽体在汽体净化分离设备内进行冷凝、净化和分离处理。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，干馏设备在处理有机垃圾过程中产生的高温烟气由烟气余热蒸汽发生器进行回收生产蒸汽，生产的蒸汽输送到蓄热罐中。
PCT/CN2015/096794 2014-12-10 2015-12-09 一种处理有机垃圾的方法和装置 WO2016091169A1 (zh)

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