WO2014118977A1 - Cutting tool having automatic insert attachment/detachment mechanism and automatic insert-exchanging device - Google Patents

Cutting tool having automatic insert attachment/detachment mechanism and automatic insert-exchanging device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014118977A1
WO2014118977A1 PCT/JP2013/052407 JP2013052407W WO2014118977A1 WO 2014118977 A1 WO2014118977 A1 WO 2014118977A1 JP 2013052407 W JP2013052407 W JP 2013052407W WO 2014118977 A1 WO2014118977 A1 WO 2014118977A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insert
cutting tool
spring
fastener
fixed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2013/052407
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
顕二 西川
一平 河野
幸治 内海
Original Assignee
株式会社日立製作所
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Application filed by 株式会社日立製作所 filed Critical 株式会社日立製作所
Priority to PCT/JP2013/052407 priority Critical patent/WO2014118977A1/en
Priority to JP2014559464A priority patent/JP5878993B2/en
Publication of WO2014118977A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014118977A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1666—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on chip-forming plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2239—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicular on the cutting face
    • B23C5/2243—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicular on the cutting face for plate-like cutting inserts 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2295—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts the cutting elements being clamped simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2205/00—Fixation of cutting inserts in holders
    • B23B2205/21—Systems for changing the cutting insert automatically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2205/00—Fixation of cutting inserts in holders
    • B23B2205/21—Systems for changing the cutting insert automatically
    • B23B2205/215—Systems for changing the cutting insert automatically using a magazine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutting tool having an automatic insert attaching / detaching mechanism, and an automatic insert changing device.
  • Patent Document 1 JP 2009-754 A (Patent Document 1).
  • This gazette states that, in a throw-away type cutting tool in which a throw-away tip (insert) is mounted using a presser foot (fastener that fixes the insert), the presser foot is prevented from being damaged and a high-quality finished surface quality is achieved.
  • Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2011-20199 Patent document 2.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a structure that improves the safety of insert replacement work.
  • Patent Document 2 describes a structure in which a shim sheet can be stably fixed together with an insert and can be easily attached and detached.
  • the fixing of the inserts in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 is a tightening structure using screws.
  • the screw fixing method is considered unsuitable for automatic replacement because the position of the screw is determined and the screw is dropped when the insert is attached and detached.
  • it is necessary to position a tool such as a screwdriver or a wrench, manage a tightening torque, prevent a screw from dropping, and there is a problem that the apparatus becomes complicated and expensive.
  • the present invention restores the spring fixed inside the head part of the cutting tool, not the tightening force by screws.
  • a cutting tool for fixing an insert with force is provided.
  • the insert can be pressed with the restoring force of the spring, and when the insert is released, the insert can be released by offsetting the restoring force of the spring with a hydraulic piston, etc.
  • the insert can be automatically exchanged easily without human intervention.
  • an insert-exchangeable cutting tool is an insert having an L-shape and a pin portion serving as a rotation fulcrum fitted in a bearing portion formed in the cutting tool main body portion.
  • the fastener is fixed to the inside of the tip of the cutting tool, and the restoring force is applied to the foot of the insert fastener to drive the insert by the insert fastener, and is driven by a hydraulic cylinder.
  • a hydraulic piston that causes the foot of the insert fastener to deform the spring in a direction opposite to the restoring force of the spring, and applies a force to rotate the insert fastener to release the insert. It was configured with.
  • the insert fastener has an insert fixing portion that has the pin portion at an L-shaped bent corner portion and that pairs with the foot portion with the pin portion as a boundary.
  • the end face of the insert installed on the pedestal is pressed and fixed.
  • the spring is bent by inserting a flat upper plate spring having a symmetrically branched arm portion and two bent portions into each of the symmetrically branched arm portions.
  • the lower leaf spring formed in this way has a configuration in which a corresponding arm portion is fixed to form a laminated leaf spring.
  • an insert removing device that removes a used insert fixed to a cutting tool, an insert mounting device that attaches a new insert to the cutting tool, and hydraulic pressure to the cutting tool.
  • An insert automatic changer which enables positioning of the hydraulic oil supply port to be supplied to the target cutting tool by driving the X, Y, and Z axes independently of each other, the position of the target cutting tool, and the cutting
  • a sensor for confirming the presence or absence of an insert is provided on the base of the tool.
  • the insert removing device is configured to blow an air to the insert whose fixing force is released to remove the insert, and the removed insert is outside the device.
  • an insert drop prevention guard that prevents the insert from being dropped on the insert mounting device.
  • Magazine a motor for positioning the magazine discharge port on the base of the cutting tool, and a feed device for pushing the replacement insert from the magazine discharge port, wherein the hydraulic oil supply port is an oil supply port for the cutting tool. It was configured to be inserted into the oil and oiled or oil pressure released.
  • FIG. 1 is an example of an overall configuration diagram of a cutting tool for fixing an insert by a restoring force of a spring fixed inside the head portion.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of an exploded view of the cutting tool. 1 and 2, the automatic insert cutting tool 1 includes a main body 2, a main body cover 14 having a shank 6, a pedestal 12, an insert fastener 4, a spring 8, a hydraulic piston 9, an oil seal 13, and an oil filler port. 5, a hydraulic cylinder 10, and a plurality of inserts 3.
  • the main body 2 includes an insert 3 fixed on the pedestal 12 by an insert fastener 4, a spring 8 fixed inside, and a hydraulic piston 9 driven by a hydraulic cylinder 10, and is coupled to the main body cover 14.
  • the cutting tool 1 is comprised by this.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of the outer wall portion of the main body 2 of the cutting tool 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the cutting tool 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1 cut along the ABC section.
  • FIG. 7 is an example of a perspective view showing the insert fastener 4 and the pin 7 which are one of the components.
  • the insert fastener 4 includes an insert fixing part 20, a fixing pin 7, a fixing surface part 36 that contacts the insert 3, a columnar foot part 16, and a protrusion 35, and is an integral part or a component part having an L-shape. is there.
  • the insert fastener 4 has the pin 7 at an L-shaped bend corner, and the insert 3 installed on the pedestal 12 by an insert fixing portion 20 that forms a pair with the foot portion 16 with the pin portion as a boundary. As shown in FIG. 1, the insert fastener 4 is fitted into a bearing portion 11 formed on the body portion 2 at both ends of the pin 7 so as to rotate around the pin 7. Yes.
  • the foot 16 of the fastener 4 is installed in such a manner that it is sandwiched between the spring 8 fixed inside the head part of the cutting tool and the hydraulic piston tip 15.
  • the insert 3 is fixed by pressing the insert fixing portion 20 against the insert 3 with the force from the spring 8.
  • FIG. 6A is an example of a perspective view showing a spring 8 which is one of the components.
  • the spring 8 has two flat plate springs 30 having symmetrically branched arm portions 29 and two symmetrically branched arm portions 29 as shown in FIG. 6 (C).
  • a lower plate spring 31 formed by inserting and bending the bent portions 32 is used, and a spring configured as shown in FIG.
  • the spring 8 shown in FIG. 6A has a large through hole 27 at the center of the upper plate spring 30 and a small through hole 28 at the center of the lower plate spring 31, and the fixing screw 25 is passed through the small through hole 28.
  • the spring 8 is fixed by screwing to the inner end of the main body 2 of the cutting tool 1.
  • the spring 8 may not be fixed with a screw. For example, welding or caulking can be used.
  • the spring 8 is fixed, deformed within the elastic range, and assembled together with other components.
  • the restoring force of the arm portion 29 causes the foot portion 16 of the fastener 4 to be moved to Y1 (Y1 (Y)
  • the insert 3 is fixed by pushing in the positive (axis) direction, whereby the insert fixing portion 20 of the fastener 4 moves in the Z2 (negative Z-axis) direction.
  • the hydraulic piston 9 pushes the foot 16 of the fastener 4 with a force stronger than the force of the spring 8 in the Y2 (Y-axis negative) direction by the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic cylinder 10.
  • the insert fixing portion 20 moves in the Z1 (Z axis positive) direction to loosen the insert 3.
  • the tip portion where the hydraulic piston 9 contacts the fastener foot 16 may have an arcuate shape 15.
  • the portion where the main body 2 and the fastener 4 are in direct contact may be provided with an arcuate shape 19 on the fastener 4.
  • an oil seal 13 may be provided on the outer peripheral portion of the hydraulic piston 9.
  • the spring 8 is fixed to the inside of the tip of the cutting tool and is assembled with initial deformation applied in advance when the cutting tool is assembled, or is subjected to predetermined deformation with a hydraulic piston after assembly. .
  • the diameter of the hole 17 through which the fastener 4 passes through the main body 2 is larger than the diameter of the fastener foot 16, and there is a gap 18 between the fastener 4 and the main body 2.
  • the fastener 4 has an L shape, and the length 37 of the foot 16 from the center of the pin 7 is the length of the insert fixing portion 20 from the center of the pin 7. Since it is longer than 38, it has a mechanism for amplifying the pushing force of the spring 8 and the hydraulic piston 9 to the force for fixing and releasing the insert.
  • the diameter of the tool 1 is 50 mm
  • the number of the arm portions 29 of the spring 8 is three
  • the length of the foot 16 from the center of the pin 7 of the fastener 4 is 15 mm
  • the center of the pin 7 is
  • the fixing force was set to 2250N. This means that the fixing force when a nominal diameter M4 screw generally used for fixing the insert is used is 1840 N, which is equal to or higher than that.
  • a force of repulsive force 1500 N is applied to the spring 8 from the fastener, and the spring 8 needs to have a material characteristic that can sufficiently withstand this.
  • the maximum equivalent stress of about 680 MPa is applied to the central edge of the upper leaf spring 30 when a load of 1500 N is applied to each arm portion. Stress concentration was observed. In order to withstand this, it is necessary to use a material having a higher yield point. Examples include titanium alloys and spring steel.
  • the fastener 4 is subjected to a model analysis that receives a force from the spring 8 and the hydraulic piston 9, and when a load of 2000 N is applied to the foot 16 of the fastener 4, the neck in which the L-shaped members intersect.
  • a stress concentration of about 395 MPa was observed.
  • the hydraulic piston 9 must be pushed back with a restoring force of 1500 N or more of the spring 8 to loosen the insert. Therefore, the hydraulic cylinder 10 having a diameter of 36 mm according to the present embodiment needs to be supplied with a pressure of about 4.5 MPa or more, and can be sufficiently realized even in consideration of commercially available hydraulic equipment.
  • the cutting tool 1 is a self-locking type in which the insert is always fixed by the spring 8, there is no concern that the insert 3 will fall off the main body 2 during processing and replacement.
  • means for pressing the piston 9 by hydraulic pressure is adopted, but any means capable of driving the piston in the Y1-Y2 direction may be used, and for example, a ball screw mechanism driven by a motor may be used.
  • the rotary cutting tool has been described.
  • the present invention is not necessarily limited to this, and can be similarly applied to a turning tool.
  • FIG. 8 is an example of a perspective view showing the insert 3 of the present embodiment.
  • a circular groove 41 is formed on the end surface of the insert 3, and a protrusion 35 formed on the fixed surface portion 36 that contacts the insert 3 of the fastener 4 shown in FIG. 7 is formed in the groove 41 as shown in FIG. 9.
  • an example of an automatic insert changing device and an insert changing process applied to the automatic insert cutting / removing cutting tool of the first embodiment will be described.
  • the cutting tool retracted in an automatic tool changer (ATC) attached to the machine tool is targeted, or the insert of the cutting tool attached to the machine tool is attached to the machine tool automatically.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an insert automatic changer capable of exchange.
  • FIG. 10 is an example of an overall configuration diagram showing the automatic insert changing device 70.
  • the automatic insert changer 70 includes X-axis tables 67 and 68 having a drive axis in the X-axis direction, and a Y-axis table 69 having a drive axis in the Y-axis direction and Z-axis 60, 61, and 62 that drive in the vertical direction. .
  • Each Z-axis 60, 61, 62 drives an insert attachment device 65, an insert removal device 66, and a hydraulic oil supply port 63.
  • the sensor only needs to recognize at least the position of the cutting tool 1 and the presence or absence of the insert. For example, image processing of data captured by a camera, position measurement using a laser, or the like may be used. Further, the sensor may be installed at an arbitrary place on the automatic insert replacement device 70. When the insert is automatically exchanged on the machine tool, the cutting tool 1 may be positioned on the machine tool side.
  • FIG. 11 is an example of a cross-sectional view showing the insert removing device 66.
  • the insert removing device 66 includes an insert drop prevention guard 81, an air blow nozzle 80, a fixing plate 83, and an air supply hose 82.
  • the insert removing device 66 removes the insert 3 from the cutting tool 1 by blowing air with the air blow nozzle 80 approaching the insert 3 remaining in the cutting tool 1 when the Z-axis 61 is driven.
  • the insert fall prevention guard 81 prevents the removed insert 3 from falling outside the device 70. Therefore, the insert can be collected without losing it.
  • air blow is used as the means for removing the insert, but other methods such as removing a rod-shaped object by contacting it or a method of shaking off by applying vibration may be used.
  • FIG. 12 is an example of a cross-sectional view showing the insert mounting device 65.
  • the insert mounting device 65 includes a cover 92, a magazine 97 for storing a large number of replacement inserts 94, a motor 91, an encoder 90, a feeding device 98, and a feeding device motor 96.
  • the insert mounting device 65 was stored in the magazine 97 on the insert base 12 of the cutting tool 1 by the feed device 98 pushing out from the insert discharge port 99 in the Y1 (Y axis positive) direction.
  • Insert 94 is fed.
  • the magazine 97 is rotated by a motor 91 controlled by an encoder 90, and is positioned so that the insert base 12 and the insert discharge port 99 of the cutting tool 1 shown in FIG. Since the number of blades varies depending on the type of cutting tool and the position where the sensor is fixed changes, the magazine 97 may be detachable so that a size suitable for the cutting tool can be selected and attached to the apparatus 65.
  • the magazine 97 may include a fixture 93 for preventing the replacement insert 94 from dropping off from the insert discharge port 99.
  • the fixture 93 may be an elastic body, and may be a resin or a spring as an example. Further, as shown in FIG. 14 when the insert mounting device 65 is viewed from the front in the Y2 direction, by having the same number of insert outlets 99 as the insert base 12 of the cutting tool 1, all inserts are mounted in one replacement cycle. A technique that can be used may be used.
  • step S1 the sensor confirms the position of the cutting tool 1.
  • step S ⁇ b> 2 the sensor recognizes the presence of the insert 3 and the position of the insert 3 on the insert base 12 of the cutting tool 1. If it is recognized in step S2 that the used insert is fixed to the cutting tool 1, the process proceeds to step S3.
  • step S3 the insert removing device 66 moves to a position where the insert 3 fixed to the cutting tool 1 can be removed.
  • step S ⁇ b> 4 the hydraulic oil supply port 63 moves to the oil supply port 5 of the cutting tool 1 and is inserted into the oil supply port 5.
  • step S5 oil is fed into the cylinder 10 inside the cutting tool, the hydraulic piston 9 presses the foot 16 of the fastener 4, and the fixing of the insert 3 is released.
  • step S6 the insert removing device 66 is activated in step S6, and the removing operation of the insert 3 is executed.
  • step S7 it is confirmed that the insert 3 has been removed. If all the inserts 3 fixed to the cutting tool 1 have been removed, the insert removing device 66 does not interfere with the subsequent operation in step S8. Evacuate until. If all the inserts 3 are not completely removed, the process returns to step S6, and the removal operation is repeated until the inserts 3 remaining in the cutting tool 1 are completely removed.
  • step S ⁇ b> 11 the insert attachment device 65 moves to a position where the insert 94 can be attached to the cutting tool 1.
  • step S ⁇ b> 12 a new insert 94 is attached to the cutting tool 1 by the insert attaching device 65.
  • the hydraulic pressure is released in step S ⁇ b> 13, and the hydraulic piston 9 that has pushed the fastener 4 by the hydraulic pressure is pushed back by the force of the spring 8, and the new insert is fixed by the fastener 4. Is done.
  • step S14 the presence or absence of the insert 94 is recognized by the sensor to confirm the completion of the insert replacement.
  • steps S15 and S16 the hydraulic oil supply port 63 and the insert mounting device are sequentially retracted, and the automatic insert replacement is completed.
  • step S14 if the insertion of the insert 94 is not successful, the process returns to step S1 and the insert automatic replacement process is performed again. With this feedback, even when the insert is not sufficiently attached, the insert can be attached again, and a cutting tool in a normal state can be supplied at all times.
  • step S2 if there is no insert fixed to the cutting tool 1, the process skips to step S9, and the process of removing the insert from steps S3 to S8 proceeds directly to the insert mounting process from steps S9 to S14. Therefore, the automatic insert replacement flow of the present embodiment corresponds to both the case where the insert is present and the case where the insert is not present.
  • all inserts can be exchanged in a single flow, and can be exchanged in a fixed time regardless of the number of blades.
  • this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included.
  • the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
  • a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

There is a need for mechanizing work and improving production efficiency by automating the attachment and detachment of a cutting tool insert. Instead of a conventional manually screwed insert-fixing mechanism, the present invention provides a cutting tool equipped with: an L-shaped insert fastener (4), wherein the pin that serves as the rotation supporting point is fitted into a bearing section formed in the main body of the cutting tool; a spring (8), which is fixed inside the tip of the cutting tool and the restorative force of which is applied at the foot (16) of the insert fastener to cause an insert (3)-fixing action by the insert fastener; and a hydraulic piston (9), which is driven by a hydraulic cylinder (10) and is for deforming the spring in the direction opposite to the restorative force of the spring at the foot of the insert fastener and applying a force to rotate the insert fastener to cause a release of the insert fixation.

Description

インサート自動着脱機構を有する切削工具、およびインサート自動交換装置Cutting tool having automatic insert attaching / detaching mechanism, and automatic insert changing device
　本発明は、インサート自動着脱機構を有する切削工具、およびインサート自動交換装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a cutting tool having an automatic insert attaching / detaching mechanism, and an automatic insert changing device.
　本技術分野の背景として、特開２００９－７５４号公報（特許文献１）がある。この公報には、「押さえ金（インサートを固定する留め具）を用いてスローアウェイチップ（インサート）を装着するスローアウェイ式切削工具において、押さえ金の破損を防止して、高精度の仕上げ面品位および作業の安全性を確保する。押さえ金の交換時期を作業者に知らせる表示手段を備える押さえ金を提供する。」と記載されている。また、特開２０１１―２０１９９号公報（特許文献２）がある。この公報には、「回転切削工具に固定された切削インサートが破断したときの回転切削工具本体の保護の役割を担うシムシートを、チップ座に切削インサートと一体ではなく独自に安定して固定できる構造にすると共に、シムシートの交換を、簡易、迅速にできる固定構造を提供する。」と記載されている。 As a background of this technical field, there is JP 2009-754 A (Patent Document 1). This gazette states that, in a throw-away type cutting tool in which a throw-away tip (insert) is mounted using a presser foot (fastener that fixes the insert), the presser foot is prevented from being damaged and a high-quality finished surface quality is achieved. "Providing a presser foot having a display means for notifying the worker of the time for replacement of the presser foot." Moreover, there exists Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2011-20199 (patent document 2). This publication states that “a shim sheet that plays a role of protecting the rotary cutting tool body when the cutting insert fixed to the rotary cutting tool breaks can be stably fixed to the tip seat independently of the cutting insert. In addition, a fixing structure capable of easily and quickly changing the shim sheet is provided. "
特開２００９―７５４号公報JP 2009-754 A 特開２０１１―２０１９９号公報JP 2011-20199 A
　前記特許文献１には、インサート交換作業の安全性を向上する構造が記載されている。また、前記特許文献２にはインサートと共にシムシートを安定して固定でき、簡易に着脱できる構造が記載されている。しかし、特許文献１および特許文献２のインサートの固定は、ネジによる締め付け構造である。従来の手作業でのネジ固定式のインサート固定方法では、インサート着脱におけるネジの位置の割り出し、ネジ脱落のため、自動交換ではネジ固定方式は不向きと考えられる。例えば、ネジ固定方式で自動的にインサートを着脱するためには、ドライバーやレンチなどの工具位置決め、締め付けトルク管理、ネジ脱落防止等の必要があり、装置が複雑化し高価になるという課題がある。 Patent Document 1 describes a structure that improves the safety of insert replacement work. Further, Patent Document 2 describes a structure in which a shim sheet can be stably fixed together with an insert and can be easily attached and detached. However, the fixing of the inserts in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 is a tightening structure using screws. In the conventional manual screw fixing type insert fixing method, the screw fixing method is considered unsuitable for automatic replacement because the position of the screw is determined and the screw is dropped when the insert is attached and detached. For example, in order to automatically attach and detach an insert by a screw fixing method, it is necessary to position a tool such as a screwdriver or a wrench, manage a tightening torque, prevent a screw from dropping, and there is a problem that the apparatus becomes complicated and expensive.
　そこで、切削工具のインサートの着脱を自動化することで、作業を無人化し、生産効率を向上するために本発明は、ネジによる締め付け力ではなく、切削工具のヘッド部内部に固定されたバネの復元力でインサートを固定する切削工具を提供する。例えば、インサートを固定する場合にはバネの復元力でインサートを押さえ付け、インサートの固定を解除する場合には油圧ピストン等でバネによる復元力を相殺してインサートの固定を緩めることが可能な切削工具を提供する。これによって、人手を介さず容易にインサートを自動交換することを可能とする。 Therefore, in order to unmanned work and improve production efficiency by automating the insertion / removal of the insert of the cutting tool, the present invention restores the spring fixed inside the head part of the cutting tool, not the tightening force by screws. A cutting tool for fixing an insert with force is provided. For example, when the insert is fixed, the insert can be pressed with the restoring force of the spring, and when the insert is released, the insert can be released by offsetting the restoring force of the spring with a hydraulic piston, etc. Provide tools. As a result, the insert can be automatically exchanged easily without human intervention.
　上記課題を解決するために本発明では、インサート交換式の切削工具を、Ｌ字形の形状を有し、回転の支点となるピン部を切削工具本体部に形成された軸受部に嵌め込まれたインサート留め具と、切削工具の先端部の内部に固定され、その復元力を前記インサート留め具の足部に掛けて、前記インサート留め具によるインサートの固定動作を起こすバネと、油圧シリンダにより駆動されて、前記インサート留め具の足部に前記バネの復元力と対向する向きに前記バネを変形させ、および前記インサート留め具を回転させる力を掛けて、インサートの固定を解除する動作を起こす油圧ピストンとを備えて構成した。 In order to solve the above-described problems, in the present invention, an insert-exchangeable cutting tool is an insert having an L-shape and a pin portion serving as a rotation fulcrum fitted in a bearing portion formed in the cutting tool main body portion. The fastener is fixed to the inside of the tip of the cutting tool, and the restoring force is applied to the foot of the insert fastener to drive the insert by the insert fastener, and is driven by a hydraulic cylinder. A hydraulic piston that causes the foot of the insert fastener to deform the spring in a direction opposite to the restoring force of the spring, and applies a force to rotate the insert fastener to release the insert. It was configured with.
　また、上記課題を解決するために本発明では、前記インサート留め具は、前記ピン部をＬ字形状の曲がり角部に有し、前記ピン部を境にして前記足部と対を成すインサート固定部により、台座に設置されたインサートの端面を加圧して固定することを特徴とする。 Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, the insert fastener has an insert fixing portion that has the pin portion at an L-shaped bent corner portion and that pairs with the foot portion with the pin portion as a boundary. Thus, the end face of the insert installed on the pedestal is pressed and fixed.
　また、上記課題を解決するために本発明では、前記バネは、対称に分岐した腕部を持つ平板状の上板バネと、対称に分岐した腕部にそれぞれ２箇所の屈曲部を入れて折り曲げて形成した下板バネとを、対応する腕部を固定して重ね板バネとした構成であることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, the spring is bent by inserting a flat upper plate spring having a symmetrically branched arm portion and two bent portions into each of the symmetrically branched arm portions. The lower leaf spring formed in this way has a configuration in which a corresponding arm portion is fixed to form a laminated leaf spring.
　また、上記課題を解決するために本発明では、切削工具に固定された使用済みのインサートを除去するインサート除去装置と、前記切削工具に新しいインサートを取付けるインサート取付装置と、前記切削工具に油圧を供給する油圧給油口とをそれぞれ独立にＸ，Ｙ，Ｚ軸各軸を駆動して、対象とする切削工具へ位置決め可能とするインサート自動交換装置を、対象とする切削工具の位置、および前記切削工具の台座にインサートの有無を確認するためのセンサを備え、前記インサート除去装置は、固定力が解除されたインサートに対してエアーを吹きかけて除去するエアーブローノズルと、除去されたインサートが装置外に落下することを防ぐインサート落下防止ガードとを備え、前記インサート取付装置は、交換用インサートを多数保管するマガジンと、前記マガジンの排出口を切削工具の台座に位置決めるモータと、前記交換用インサートを前記マガジンの排出口から押し出す送り装置とを備え、前記油圧給油口は、前記切削工具の注油口へ差し込まれ、油を注油する、または油圧を解除するように構成した。 Further, in order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, an insert removing device that removes a used insert fixed to a cutting tool, an insert mounting device that attaches a new insert to the cutting tool, and hydraulic pressure to the cutting tool. An insert automatic changer which enables positioning of the hydraulic oil supply port to be supplied to the target cutting tool by driving the X, Y, and Z axes independently of each other, the position of the target cutting tool, and the cutting A sensor for confirming the presence or absence of an insert is provided on the base of the tool. The insert removing device is configured to blow an air to the insert whose fixing force is released to remove the insert, and the removed insert is outside the device. And an insert drop prevention guard that prevents the insert from being dropped on the insert mounting device. Magazine, a motor for positioning the magazine discharge port on the base of the cutting tool, and a feed device for pushing the replacement insert from the magazine discharge port, wherein the hydraulic oil supply port is an oil supply port for the cutting tool. It was configured to be inserted into the oil and oiled or oil pressure released.
　本発明によれば、人手を介さずに容易にインサートを着脱することが可能な切削工具を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cutting tool in which an insert can be easily attached and detached without human intervention.
　上記した以外の課題、構成および効果は、以下の実施形態の説明より明らかにされる。 Issues, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified from the following description of the embodiments.
バネの力によりインサートを着脱できる切削工具の全体構成図の例である。It is an example of the whole block diagram of the cutting tool which can attach or detach an insert with the force of a spring. バネの力によりインサートを着脱できる切削工具の分解図の例である。It is an example of the exploded view of the cutting tool which can attach or detach an insert with the force of a spring. 切削工具本体部の内部の構成を示す斜視図の例である。It is an example of the perspective view which shows the structure inside a cutting tool main-body part. 切削工具の一部を示す断面図の例である。It is an example of sectional drawing which shows a part of cutting tool. インサート固定解除の動作を示す断面図の例である。It is an example of sectional drawing which shows operation | movement of insert fixation cancellation | release. 構成部品の一つであるバネを示す斜視図の例である。It is an example of the perspective view which shows the spring which is one of the components. (Ｂ)：上板バネを示す斜視図の例である。(Ｃ)：下板バネを示す斜視図の例である。(Ｄ)：上板バネと下板バネとを対応する腕部で固定して構成したバネの側面を示す斜視図の例である。(B): It is an example of the perspective view which shows an upper leaf | plate spring. (C): It is an example of the perspective view which shows a lower leaf | plate spring. (D): It is an example of the perspective view which shows the side surface of the spring comprised by fixing an upper leaf | plate spring and a lower leaf | plate spring with a corresponding arm part. 構成部品の一つである留め具およびピンを示す斜視図の例である。It is an example of the perspective view which shows the fastener and pin which are one of the components. インサートを示す斜視図の例である。It is an example of the perspective view which shows insert. インサートが切削工具に固定された状態を示す斜視図の例である。It is an example of the perspective view which shows the state by which the insert was fixed to the cutting tool. インサート自動交換装置を示す全体構成図の例である。It is an example of the whole block diagram which shows an insert automatic exchange apparatus. インサート除去装置を示す斜視図の例である。It is an example of the perspective view which shows an insert removal apparatus. インサート取付装置を示す断面図の例である。It is an example of sectional drawing which shows an insert attachment apparatus. インサート取付装置のインサート取付け動作を示す断面図の一例である。It is an example of sectional drawing which shows the insert attachment operation | movement of an insert attachment apparatus. インサート取付装置を示す側面図の例である。It is an example of the side view which shows an insert attachment apparatus. インサート自動交換のプロセスを説明するフローチャートの例である。It is an example of the flowchart explaining the process of insert automatic exchange.
　以下、実施例を図面を用いて説明する。 Hereinafter, examples will be described with reference to the drawings.
　本実施例では、切削工具のヘッド部内部に固定されたバネの復元力によりインサートを固定する切削工具の例を説明する。 In this embodiment, an example of a cutting tool for fixing an insert by a restoring force of a spring fixed inside the head portion of the cutting tool will be described.
　図１はヘッド部内部に固定されたバネの復元力によりインサートを固定する切削工具の全体構成図の例である。また、図２は切削工具の分解図の例である。
  これら図１及び図２において、インサート自動着脱切削工具１は、本体部２、シャンク６を備えた本体カバー１４、台座１２、インサート留め具４、バネ８、油圧ピストン９、オイルシール１３、注油口５、油圧シリンダ１０、複数のインサート３を有する。 FIG. 1 is an example of an overall configuration diagram of a cutting tool for fixing an insert by a restoring force of a spring fixed inside the head portion. FIG. 2 is an example of an exploded view of the cutting tool.
1 and 2, the automatic insert cutting tool 1 includes a main body 2, a main body cover 14 having a shank 6, a pedestal 12, an insert fastener 4, a spring 8, a hydraulic piston 9, an oil seal 13, and an oil filler port. 5, a hydraulic cylinder 10, and a plurality of inserts 3.
　本体部２は、台座１２上にインサート留め具４によって固定されたインサート３と、内部に固定されたバネ８と、油圧シリンダ１０により駆動される油圧ピストン９とを備え、本体カバー１４と結合することで切削工具１を構成する。 The main body 2 includes an insert 3 fixed on the pedestal 12 by an insert fastener 4, a spring 8 fixed inside, and a hydraulic piston 9 driven by a hydraulic cylinder 10, and is coupled to the main body cover 14. The cutting tool 1 is comprised by this.
　図３は図１に示す本実施例の切削工具１の本体部２の外壁部をＹ－Ｚ破断面により切り取り、内部の構造を示した斜視図である。また、図４は図１に示す本実施例の切削工具１の本体部２をＡ－Ｂ－Ｃ切断面で切断した断面図である。 FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of the outer wall portion of the main body 2 of the cutting tool 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the cutting tool 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1 cut along the ABC section.
　図７は構成部品の一つであるインサート留め具４およびピン７を示す斜視図の例である。インサート留め具４は、インサート固定部２０、固定用ピン７、インサート３と接触する固定面部３６、円柱状の足部１６、突起３５を備え、L字形の形状を有する一体品、または構成部品である。前記インサート留め具４は、前記ピン７をＬ字形状の曲がり角部に有し、前記ピン部を境にして前記足部１６と対を成すインサート固定部２０により、台座１２に設置されたインサート３の端面を加圧して固定する
  図１に示すように、インサート留め具４はピン７を回転中心として回転するようにピン７の両端部を本体部２に形成された軸受け部１１に嵌め込まれている。また、図４に示すように、留め具４の足部１６は、切削工具のヘッド部内部に固定されたバネ８と、油圧ピストン先端部１５の間に挟まれる形で設置される。バネ８からの力でインサート固定部２０をインサート３に押し付けることでインサート３を固定する。 FIG. 7 is an example of a perspective view showing the insert fastener 4 and the pin 7 which are one of the components. The insert fastener 4 includes an insert fixing part 20, a fixing pin 7, a fixing surface part 36 that contacts the insert 3, a columnar foot part 16, and a protrusion 35, and is an integral part or a component part having an L-shape. is there. The insert fastener 4 has the pin 7 at an L-shaped bend corner, and the insert 3 installed on the pedestal 12 by an insert fixing portion 20 that forms a pair with the foot portion 16 with the pin portion as a boundary. As shown in FIG. 1, the insert fastener 4 is fitted into a bearing portion 11 formed on the body portion 2 at both ends of the pin 7 so as to rotate around the pin 7. Yes. As shown in FIG. 4, the foot 16 of the fastener 4 is installed in such a manner that it is sandwiched between the spring 8 fixed inside the head part of the cutting tool and the hydraulic piston tip 15. The insert 3 is fixed by pressing the insert fixing portion 20 against the insert 3 with the force from the spring 8.
　図６(Ａ)は構成部品の一つであるバネ８を示す斜視図の例である。
  バネ８は、図６(Ｂ)に示すように対称に分岐した腕部２９を持つ平板状の上板バネ３０と、図６(Ｃ)に示すように対称に分岐した腕部２９にそれぞれ２箇所の屈曲部３２を入れて折り曲げて形成した下板バネ３１とを、重ね板バネ状に腕部２９を固定して図６(Ｄ)に示すように構成したバネを採用する。各腕部２９の固定は、例えば溶接、カシメ、圧着、接着剤による接着などが使用される。 FIG. 6A is an example of a perspective view showing a spring 8 which is one of the components.
As shown in FIG. 6 (B), the spring 8 has two flat plate springs 30 having symmetrically branched arm portions 29 and two symmetrically branched arm portions 29 as shown in FIG. 6 (C). A lower plate spring 31 formed by inserting and bending the bent portions 32 is used, and a spring configured as shown in FIG. For fixing each arm portion 29, for example, welding, caulking, pressure bonding, bonding with an adhesive, or the like is used.
　図６(Ａ)に示すバネ８は、上板バネ３０の中央に貫通穴大２７、下板バネ３１の中央に貫通穴小２８を有し、固定用ネジ２５を貫通穴小２８に通して切削工具１の本体部２の内部先端にネジ止めしてバネ８を固定する。また、バネ８の固定はネジでなくてもよい。例えば溶接やカシメなどが挙げられる。 The spring 8 shown in FIG. 6A has a large through hole 27 at the center of the upper plate spring 30 and a small through hole 28 at the center of the lower plate spring 31, and the fixing screw 25 is passed through the small through hole 28. The spring 8 is fixed by screwing to the inner end of the main body 2 of the cutting tool 1. The spring 8 may not be fixed with a screw. For example, welding or caulking can be used.
　バネ８は固定された状態で、弾性範囲内で変形が加えられて他構成部品と共に組み立てられ、腕部２９の復元力によって、図４に示すように留め具４の足部１６をＹ１(Ｙ軸正)方向に押し、それによって留め具４のインサート固定部２０がＺ２(Ｚ軸負)方向に動くことでインサート３を固定する。 The spring 8 is fixed, deformed within the elastic range, and assembled together with other components. The restoring force of the arm portion 29 causes the foot portion 16 of the fastener 4 to be moved to Y1 (Y1 (Y The insert 3 is fixed by pushing in the positive (axis) direction, whereby the insert fixing portion 20 of the fastener 4 moves in the Z2 (negative Z-axis) direction.
　油圧ピストン９は、図５に示すように油圧シリンダ１０からの油圧によって留め具４の足部１６を、Ｙ２(Ｙ軸負)方向にバネ８の押す力より強い力で押し、留め具４のインサート固定部２０がＺ１(Ｚ軸正)方向に動くことでインサート３の固定を緩める。
  片当たりによる接触不良を回避するため、油圧ピストン９が留め具足部１６が接触する先端部分は、円弧状の形状１５としてもよい。留め具４はピン７を中心にスムーズに回転できるようにするため、本体部２と留め具４が直接接触する部分は、留め具４に円弧状の形状１９を施してもよい。
  また、油圧シリンダ１０からの油漏れを防ぐために、油圧ピストン９にオイルシール１３を外周部に設けてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 5, the hydraulic piston 9 pushes the foot 16 of the fastener 4 with a force stronger than the force of the spring 8 in the Y2 (Y-axis negative) direction by the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic cylinder 10. The insert fixing portion 20 moves in the Z1 (Z axis positive) direction to loosen the insert 3.
In order to avoid contact failure due to one-sided contact, the tip portion where the hydraulic piston 9 contacts the fastener foot 16 may have an arcuate shape 15. In order to allow the fastener 4 to rotate smoothly around the pin 7, the portion where the main body 2 and the fastener 4 are in direct contact may be provided with an arcuate shape 19 on the fastener 4.
In order to prevent oil leakage from the hydraulic cylinder 10, an oil seal 13 may be provided on the outer peripheral portion of the hydraulic piston 9.
　バネ８は前記切削工具の先端部の内部に固定された状態で、切削工具の組立時に予め初期変形が加えられて組み立てられるか、又は組立後に油圧ピストンにより所定の変形を加えられて構成される。 The spring 8 is fixed to the inside of the tip of the cutting tool and is assembled with initial deformation applied in advance when the cutting tool is assembled, or is subjected to predetermined deformation with a hydraulic piston after assembly. .
　また、図４に示すように留め具４が本体部２を通る孔１７の径は留め具足部１６の直径より広くなっており、さらに留め具４と本体部２とのギャップ１８があるので、インサート着脱時においてインサート固定部２０はＺ１－Ｚ２方向に十分に動くことができる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the diameter of the hole 17 through which the fastener 4 passes through the main body 2 is larger than the diameter of the fastener foot 16, and there is a gap 18 between the fastener 4 and the main body 2. When the insert is attached / detached, the insert fixing portion 20 can sufficiently move in the Z1-Z2 direction.
　本実施例のインサート自動着脱切削工具１では、留め具４はL字形の形状を有しており、ピン７中心から足部１６の長さ３７が、ピン７中心部からインサート固定部２０の長さ３８より長いため、バネ８および油圧ピストン９の押す力を、インサートの固定および固定解除の力に増幅する機構を有する。 In the automatic insert cutting / removing cutting tool 1 of the present embodiment, the fastener 4 has an L shape, and the length 37 of the foot 16 from the center of the pin 7 is the length of the insert fixing portion 20 from the center of the pin 7. Since it is longer than 38, it has a mechanism for amplifying the pushing force of the spring 8 and the hydraulic piston 9 to the force for fixing and releasing the insert.
　本実施例の設計仕様では、例えば工具１の直径が５０mm、バネ８の腕部２９の本数３本、留め具４のピン７中心から足部１６の長さ３７が１５mm、ピン７中心部からインサート固定部２０の長さ３８が１０mmのとき、固定力を２２５０Nとなるように設定した。これは、一般的にインサートを固定するために用いられる呼び径M4ねじを使用した場合の固定力が１８４０Nであり、それと同等以上になる。 In the design specifications of this embodiment, for example, the diameter of the tool 1 is 50 mm, the number of the arm portions 29 of the spring 8 is three, the length of the foot 16 from the center of the pin 7 of the fastener 4 is 15 mm, and the center of the pin 7 is When the length 38 of the insert fixing portion 20 was 10 mm, the fixing force was set to 2250N. This means that the fixing force when a nominal diameter M4 screw generally used for fixing the insert is used is 1840 N, which is equal to or higher than that.
　このとき、バネ８には留め具から反発力１５００Nの力が加わり、バネ８はこれに十分耐え得る材料特性を有するものである必要がある。例えば図６(Ａ)に示す２枚の板バネを接合した形状のモデル解析では、各腕部に１５００Nの荷重を掛けた場合に、上板バネ３０の中央部縁に最大相当応力約６８０MPaの応力集中が観られた。これに耐え得るためには、降伏点がこれより高い材料を使う必要がある。例として、チタン合金やバネ鋼が挙げられる。 At this time, a force of repulsive force 1500 N is applied to the spring 8 from the fastener, and the spring 8 needs to have a material characteristic that can sufficiently withstand this. For example, in the model analysis of the shape in which two leaf springs are joined as shown in FIG. 6A, the maximum equivalent stress of about 680 MPa is applied to the central edge of the upper leaf spring 30 when a load of 1500 N is applied to each arm portion. Stress concentration was observed. In order to withstand this, it is necessary to use a material having a higher yield point. Examples include titanium alloys and spring steel.
　また、留め具４にはバネ８と油圧ピストン９から力を受けるモデル解析を実施して、留め具４の足部１６に２０００Nの荷重が掛かる場合に、L字形の形状の部材が交差する首元で最大相当応力約３９５MPaの応力集中が観られた。これに耐え得るためには、降伏点がこの値より高い材料を用いる必要がある。例えば、降伏点が約７５０MPaの高張力鋼が挙げられる。 In addition, the fastener 4 is subjected to a model analysis that receives a force from the spring 8 and the hydraulic piston 9, and when a load of 2000 N is applied to the foot 16 of the fastener 4, the neck in which the L-shaped members intersect. Originally, a stress concentration of about 395 MPa was observed. In order to withstand this, it is necessary to use a material whose yield point is higher than this value. For example, high-tensile steel with a yield point of about 750 MPa can be mentioned.
　また、油圧ピストン９はバネ８の復元力１５００N以上の力で押し返して、インサートの固定を緩める必要がある。そのため、本実施例の直径３６mmの油圧シリンダ１０は、約４．５MPa以上の圧力供給が必要となり、市販されている油圧機器を考慮しても、十分に実現が可能なレベルである。 Also, the hydraulic piston 9 must be pushed back with a restoring force of 1500 N or more of the spring 8 to loosen the insert. Therefore, the hydraulic cylinder 10 having a diameter of 36 mm according to the present embodiment needs to be supplied with a pressure of about 4.5 MPa or more, and can be sufficiently realized even in consideration of commercially available hydraulic equipment.
　本実施例では、切削工具１はバネ８によって常にインサートが固定されている状態のセルフロック式のため、加工中および交換中にインサート３が本体部２から脱落する心配はない。 In this embodiment, since the cutting tool 1 is a self-locking type in which the insert is always fixed by the spring 8, there is no concern that the insert 3 will fall off the main body 2 during processing and replacement.
　本実施例では油圧によってピストン９を押し付ける手段を採っているが、ピストンをＹ１－Ｙ２方向に駆動できるものであればよく、例えばモータ駆動によるボールねじ機構でも良い。 In this embodiment, means for pressing the piston 9 by hydraulic pressure is adopted, but any means capable of driving the piston in the Y1-Y2 direction may be used, and for example, a ball screw mechanism driven by a motor may be used.
　また、本実施例では回転式切削工具を用いて説明したが、必ずしもこれに限定されるものではなく、旋削工具にも同様に適用できる。 In this embodiment, the rotary cutting tool has been described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to this, and can be similarly applied to a turning tool.
　本実施例では、インサート自動交換の際により高精度に切削工具１に固定できることを目的とした、前記切削工具１に取り付けるインサート３の例を説明する。 In the present embodiment, an example of the insert 3 attached to the cutting tool 1 for the purpose of being able to be fixed to the cutting tool 1 with high accuracy by automatic insert replacement will be described.
　図８は、本実施例のインサート３を示す斜視図の例である。
  インサート３の端面には円状の溝４１が形成されており、図７に示す留め具４のインサート３と接触する固定面部３６に形成された突起３５を、前記溝４１内に図９のように係合することで、水平方向であるＸ１－Ｘ２方向およびＹ１－Ｙ２方向の動きを抑制する。この水平方向の動きを抑制することで、インサート３を自動で着脱する際に、切削工具１に位置ずれが起きることなく高精度にインサートを固定することができる。 FIG. 8 is an example of a perspective view showing the insert 3 of the present embodiment.
A circular groove 41 is formed on the end surface of the insert 3, and a protrusion 35 formed on the fixed surface portion 36 that contacts the insert 3 of the fastener 4 shown in FIG. 7 is formed in the groove 41 as shown in FIG. 9. By engaging with, movements in the X1-X2 direction and the Y1-Y2 direction, which are horizontal directions, are suppressed. By suppressing the movement in the horizontal direction, when the insert 3 is automatically attached and detached, the insert can be fixed with high accuracy without causing a positional shift in the cutting tool 1.
　図８のインサート３は丸型（円柱）であるが、必ずしもこの形状である必要はなく、多角形状のインサートでも、同じように端面部に溝構造を有することで同様の効果を得る。 8 is a round shape (cylindrical), but it is not always necessary to have this shape. Even in the case of a polygonal insert, the same effect can be obtained by having a groove structure at the end face portion.
　本実施例では、前記実施例１のインサート自動着脱切削工具に適用するインサート自動交換装置およびインサート交換プロセスの一例について説明する。本実施例では、工作機械に併設される自動工具交換装置(ATC)に退避された切削工具を対象とするか、または工作機械に併設されて、工作機械に取付られた切削工具のインサートの自動交換を行うことができるインサート自動交換装置を提供することを目的とする。 In the present embodiment, an example of an automatic insert changing device and an insert changing process applied to the automatic insert cutting / removing cutting tool of the first embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the cutting tool retracted in an automatic tool changer (ATC) attached to the machine tool is targeted, or the insert of the cutting tool attached to the machine tool is attached to the machine tool automatically. An object of the present invention is to provide an insert automatic changer capable of exchange.
　図１０は、インサート自動交換装置７０を示す全体構成図の例である。
  インサート自動交換装置７０は、Ｘ軸方向に駆動軸を持つＸ軸テーブル６７，６８と、Ｙ軸方向に駆動軸を持つＹ軸テーブル６９と垂直方向に駆動するＺ軸６０，６１，６２を有する。
  各Ｚ軸６０，６１，６２は、インサート取付装置６５、インサート除去装置６６、油圧給油口６３を駆動する。
  各テーブル６７，６８，６９と各Ｚ軸６０，６１，６２が稼動することによって、油圧給油口６３、インサート除去装置６６、インサート取付装置６５が、順次、切削工具１設置場所まで移動する。 FIG. 10 is an example of an overall configuration diagram showing the automatic insert changing device 70.
The automatic insert changer 70 includes X-axis tables 67 and 68 having a drive axis in the X-axis direction, and a Y-axis table 69 having a drive axis in the Y-axis direction and Z-axis 60, 61, and 62 that drive in the vertical direction. .
Each Z-axis 60, 61, 62 drives an insert attachment device 65, an insert removal device 66, and a hydraulic oil supply port 63.
By operating each table 67, 68, 69 and each Z-axis 60, 61, 62, the hydraulic oil supply port 63, the insert removing device 66, and the insert mounting device 65 are sequentially moved to the installation location of the cutting tool 1.
　切削工具１の位置は、センサなどで認識する手法を用いることが望ましい。センサは少なくとも切削工具１の位置と、インサートの有無とを認識できればよく、例えばカメラにより撮像したデータの画像処理やレーザによる位置測定などを用いてもよい。また、センサはインサート自動交換装置７０上の任意の場所に設置してもよい。工作機械上でインサートの自動交換を行う場合は、工作機械側で切削工具１の位置決めを行ってもよい。 It is desirable to use a method of recognizing the position of the cutting tool 1 with a sensor or the like. The sensor only needs to recognize at least the position of the cutting tool 1 and the presence or absence of the insert. For example, image processing of data captured by a camera, position measurement using a laser, or the like may be used. Further, the sensor may be installed at an arbitrary place on the automatic insert replacement device 70. When the insert is automatically exchanged on the machine tool, the cutting tool 1 may be positioned on the machine tool side.
　図１１は、インサート除去装置６６を示す断面図の例である。
  インサート除去装置６６は、インサート落下防止ガード８１、エアーブローノズル８０、固定板８３、エアー供給ホース８２を有する。
  インサート除去装置６６は、Ｚ軸６１が駆動することによって、エアーブローノズル８０がまだ切削工具１に残っているインサート３まで近づき、エアーを吹きかけることでインサート３を切削工具１から除去する。
  インサート落下防止ガード８１は、除去されたインサート３が装置７０外に落下することを防ぐ。そのため、インサートを紛失することなく回収できる。
  ここではインサートの除去の手段としてエアーブローを挙げたが、それ以外に棒状の物体を接触させて除去する方法や、振動を加えて振るい落とす手法でもよい。 FIG. 11 is an example of a cross-sectional view showing the insert removing device 66.
The insert removing device 66 includes an insert drop prevention guard 81, an air blow nozzle 80, a fixing plate 83, and an air supply hose 82.
The insert removing device 66 removes the insert 3 from the cutting tool 1 by blowing air with the air blow nozzle 80 approaching the insert 3 remaining in the cutting tool 1 when the Z-axis 61 is driven.
The insert fall prevention guard 81 prevents the removed insert 3 from falling outside the device 70. Therefore, the insert can be collected without losing it.
Here, air blow is used as the means for removing the insert, but other methods such as removing a rod-shaped object by contacting it or a method of shaking off by applying vibration may be used.
　図１２は、インサート取付装置６５を示す断面図の例である。
  インサート取付装置６５は、カバー９２、交換用インサート９４を多数保管するマガジン９７、モータ９１、エンコーダ９０、送り装置９８、送り装置用モータ９６、を有する。 FIG. 12 is an example of a cross-sectional view showing the insert mounting device 65.
The insert mounting device 65 includes a cover 92, a magazine 97 for storing a large number of replacement inserts 94, a motor 91, an encoder 90, a feeding device 98, and a feeding device motor 96.
　図１３に示すように、インサート取付装置６５は、送り装置９８がインサート排出口９９からＹ１(Ｙ軸正)方向に押し出すことによって、切削工具１のインサート台座１２に、マガジン９７に保管されていたインサート９４を送り込む。
  マガジン９７は、エンコーダ９０によって制御されたモータ９１によって回転し、図２に示す切削工具１のインサート台座１２とインサート排出口９９とが重なり合うように位置決めを行う。切削工具の種類によって、刃数が異なりセンサを固定する位置が変わるため、切削工具に適した大きさを選択し、本装置６５に取り付けができるよう、マガジン９７は着脱式にしてもよい。
  マガジン９７は、インサート排出口９９から交換用インサート９４の脱落を防ぐための固定具９３を備えてもよい。固定具９３は、弾性体であればよく、例として樹脂やバネなどでよい。
  また、インサート取付装置６５をＹ２方向正面から見た図１４に示すように、切削工具１が有するインサート台座１２と同数のインサート排出口９９を有することで、一度の交換サイクルで全てのインサートを取り付けることができる手法を用いても良い。 As shown in FIG. 13, the insert mounting device 65 was stored in the magazine 97 on the insert base 12 of the cutting tool 1 by the feed device 98 pushing out from the insert discharge port 99 in the Y1 (Y axis positive) direction. Insert 94 is fed.
The magazine 97 is rotated by a motor 91 controlled by an encoder 90, and is positioned so that the insert base 12 and the insert discharge port 99 of the cutting tool 1 shown in FIG. Since the number of blades varies depending on the type of cutting tool and the position where the sensor is fixed changes, the magazine 97 may be detachable so that a size suitable for the cutting tool can be selected and attached to the apparatus 65.
The magazine 97 may include a fixture 93 for preventing the replacement insert 94 from dropping off from the insert discharge port 99. The fixture 93 may be an elastic body, and may be a resin or a spring as an example.
Further, as shown in FIG. 14 when the insert mounting device 65 is viewed from the front in the Y2 direction, by having the same number of insert outlets 99 as the insert base 12 of the cutting tool 1, all inserts are mounted in one replacement cycle. A technique that can be used may be used.
　インサート自動交換処理の一連の流れを、図１５のフローチャートにて説明する。
  ステップS１で、センサが切削工具１の位置を確認する。
  ステップS２で、センサが切削工具１のインサート台座１２上にインサート３の有無、インサート３の位置を認識する。ステップS２で使用済みのインサートが切削工具１に固定されていると認識された場合、処理はステップS３に進む。 A series of flow of the automatic insert replacement process will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
In step S1, the sensor confirms the position of the cutting tool 1.
In step S <b> 2, the sensor recognizes the presence of the insert 3 and the position of the insert 3 on the insert base 12 of the cutting tool 1. If it is recognized in step S2 that the used insert is fixed to the cutting tool 1, the process proceeds to step S3.
　ステップS３では、インサート除去装置６６が切削工具１に固定されているインサート３を除去できる位置まで移動する。
  次にステップS４において油圧給油口６３が切削工具１の注油口５まで移動し、注油口５に差し込まれる。完全に差し込まれたら、ステップS５において、油が切削工具内部のシリンダ１０に送り込まれ、油圧ピストン９が留め具４の足部１６を押し付け、インサート３の固定が解除される。インサート３の固定が解除されたら、ステップS６においてインサート除去装置６６が作動し、インサート３の除去動作を実行する。 In step S3, the insert removing device 66 moves to a position where the insert 3 fixed to the cutting tool 1 can be removed.
Next, in step S <b> 4, the hydraulic oil supply port 63 moves to the oil supply port 5 of the cutting tool 1 and is inserted into the oil supply port 5. When completely inserted, in step S5, oil is fed into the cylinder 10 inside the cutting tool, the hydraulic piston 9 presses the foot 16 of the fastener 4, and the fixing of the insert 3 is released. When the fixing of the insert 3 is released, the insert removing device 66 is activated in step S6, and the removing operation of the insert 3 is executed.
　次にステップS７において、インサート３が除去されたことを確認し、切削工具１に固定されているインサート３が全て除去されていたら、ステップS８においてインサート除去装置６６が以後の動作に邪魔にならないところまで退避する。インサート３が全て完全に除去されていなければ、ステップS６に戻り、切削工具１に残っているインサート３が完全に除去されるまで除去動作を繰り返す。 Next, in step S7, it is confirmed that the insert 3 has been removed. If all the inserts 3 fixed to the cutting tool 1 have been removed, the insert removing device 66 does not interfere with the subsequent operation in step S8. Evacuate until. If all the inserts 3 are not completely removed, the process returns to step S6, and the removal operation is repeated until the inserts 3 remaining in the cutting tool 1 are completely removed.
　次に、ステップS１１において、インサート取付装置６５が、切削工具１にインサート９４を取り付けることができる位置まで移動する。ステップS１２において、インサート取付装置６５により、新しいインサート９４が切削工具１に取り付けられる。
  新しいインサート９４が切削工具１に送り込まれたら、ステップS１３において油圧を解除することで、油圧によって留め具４を押していた油圧ピストン９がバネ８の力で押し戻され、新しいインサートが留め具４によって固定される。 Next, in step S <b> 11, the insert attachment device 65 moves to a position where the insert 94 can be attached to the cutting tool 1. In step S <b> 12, a new insert 94 is attached to the cutting tool 1 by the insert attaching device 65.
When the new insert 94 is sent to the cutting tool 1, the hydraulic pressure is released in step S <b> 13, and the hydraulic piston 9 that has pushed the fastener 4 by the hydraulic pressure is pushed back by the force of the spring 8, and the new insert is fixed by the fastener 4. Is done.
　次にステップS１４において、センサでインサート９４の有無を認識することでインサート交換の完了を確認する。インサート交換の完了が確認できたら、ステップS１５とS１６において、油圧給油口６３とインサート取付装置が順次退避し、インサートの自動交換が終了する。
  ステップS１４において、インサート９４の取り付けに成功していなければ、ステップS１に戻り、インサート自動交換処理を再度実施する。このフィードバックがあることで、インサートの取り付けが不十分であったりした場合でも、インサートの取り付けを再度行うことができ、常に正常な状態の切削工具を供給することができる。 Next, in step S14, the presence or absence of the insert 94 is recognized by the sensor to confirm the completion of the insert replacement. When the completion of the insert replacement can be confirmed, in steps S15 and S16, the hydraulic oil supply port 63 and the insert mounting device are sequentially retracted, and the automatic insert replacement is completed.
In step S14, if the insertion of the insert 94 is not successful, the process returns to step S1 and the insert automatic replacement process is performed again. With this feedback, even when the insert is not sufficiently attached, the insert can be attached again, and a cutting tool in a normal state can be supplied at all times.
　ステップS２において、切削工具１に固定されたインサートが無い場合は、ステップS９にとび、ステップS３からS８のインサート除去の工程は踏まずに、直接ステップS９からS１４のインサート取付の工程に進む。そのため、本実施例のインサート自動交換フローは、インサートが有る場合と無い場合の両方において対応している。 In step S2, if there is no insert fixed to the cutting tool 1, the process skips to step S9, and the process of removing the insert from steps S3 to S8 proceeds directly to the insert mounting process from steps S9 to S14. Therefore, the automatic insert replacement flow of the present embodiment corresponds to both the case where the insert is present and the case where the insert is not present.
　本実施例では、多刃の回転切削工具のインサート自動着脱の場合、全てのインサートを一度のフローで交換することができ、刃の数にかかわらず一定の時間で交換することができる。 In this embodiment, in the case of automatic insert / detachment of a multi-blade rotary cutting tool, all inserts can be exchanged in a single flow, and can be exchanged in a fixed time regardless of the number of blades.
　なお、本発明は上記した実施例に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、上記した実施例は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、ある実施例の構成の一部を他の実施例の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施例の構成に他の実施例の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施例の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.
１　インサート自動着脱切削工具
２　切削工具本体部
３　インサート
４　留め具
５　注油口
６　シャンク
７　固定用ピン
８　バネ
９　油圧ピストン
１０　油圧シリンダ
１１　軸受け部
１２　台座
１３　オイルシール
１４　本体カバー
１５　油圧ピストン先端部
１６　留め具の足部
１７　留め具が本体部を通る孔
１８　留め具と本体部とのギャップ
１９　留め具の円弧状の形状
２０　インサート固定部
２５　固定用ネジ
２７　貫通穴大
２８　貫通穴小
２９　バネの腕部
３０　上板バネ
３１　下板バネ
３２　屈曲部
３５　突起
３６　固定面部
３７　ピン中心から足部の長さ
３８　ピン中心からインサート固定部の長さ
６０，６１，６２　Ｚ軸
６３　油圧給油口
６５　インサート取付装置
６６　インサート除去装置
６７，６８　Ｘ軸テーブル
６９　Ｙ軸テーブル
７０　インサート自動交換装置
８０　エアーブローノズル
８１　インサート落下防止ガード
８２　エアー供給ホース
８３　固定板
９０　エンコーダ
９１　モータ
９２　カバー
９３　脱落防止用固定具
９４　保管されていたインサート
９６　送り装置用モータ
９７　マガジン
９８　送り装置
９９　インサート排出口 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Insert automatic attachment / detachment cutting tool 2 Cutting tool main-body part 3 Insert 4 Fastener 5 Lubrication port 6 Shank 7 Fixing pin 8 Spring 9 Hydraulic piston 10 Hydraulic cylinder 11 Bearing part 12 Base 13 Oil seal 14 Main body cover 15 Hydraulic piston tip part 16 Fastener foot 17 Hole through which fastener passes through main body 18 Gap between fastener and main body 19 Arc shape of fastener 20 Insert fixing portion 25 Fixing screw 27 Large through hole 28 Small through hole 29 Arm 30 Upper leaf spring 31 Lower leaf spring 32 Bending portion 35 Projection 36 Fixing surface portion 37 Length of pin to foot portion 38 Length of pin fixing portion to insert center 60, 61, 62 Z-axis 63 Hydraulic oil supply port 65 Insert Mounting device 66 Insert removal device 67, 68 X-axis table 69 Y-axis table 70 Insert automatic changer 80 Air Ronozuru 81 inserts fall prevention guard 82 air supply hose 83 fixed plate 90 an encoder 91 motor 92 cover 93 insert 96 feed was stored dropout-preventing fixture 94 device for motor 97 magazine 98 feeder 99 inserts the outlet

Claims (9)

  1. 　インサート交換式の切削工具において、
    　Ｌ字形の形状を有し、回転の支点となるピン部を切削工具本体部に形成された軸受部に嵌め込まれたインサート留め具と、
    　切削工具の先端部の内部に固定され、その復元力を前記インサート留め具の足部に掛けて、前記インサート留め具によるインサートの固定動作を起こすバネと、
    　油圧シリンダにより駆動されて、前記インサート留め具の足部に前記バネの復元力と対向する向きに前記バネを変形させ、および前記インサート留め具を回転させる力を掛けて、インサートの固定を解除する動作を起こす油圧ピストンと、
    を備えたことを特徴とする切削工具。     In insert-exchangeable cutting tools,
    An insert fastener having an L-shaped shape and having a pin portion serving as a fulcrum of rotation fitted in a bearing portion formed in the cutting tool body portion;
    A spring that is fixed inside the tip of the cutting tool, hangs its restoring force on the foot of the insert fastener, and causes the insert to be fixed by the insert fastener;
    Driven by a hydraulic cylinder, the spring of the insert fastener is deformed in a direction opposite to the restoring force of the spring, and a force for rotating the insert fastener is applied to release the insert. A hydraulic piston that causes movement;
    A cutting tool comprising:
  2. 　前記インサート留め具は、前記ピン部をＬ字形状の曲がり角部に有し、前記ピン部を境にして前記足部と対を成すインサート固定部により、台座に設置されたインサートの端面を加圧して固定することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の切削工具。 The insert fastener has the pin portion at an L-shaped bend corner, and presses the end surface of the insert installed on the pedestal by an insert fixing portion that forms a pair with the foot portion with the pin portion as a boundary. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is fixed.
  3. 　前記切削工具の先端部の内部に固定されたバネは、切削工具の組立時に予め初期変形が加えられて組み立てられるか、又は組立後に油圧ピストンにより所定の変形を加えられて構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の切削工具。 The spring fixed inside the tip of the cutting tool is assembled with initial deformation applied in advance when the cutting tool is assembled, or is subjected to predetermined deformation by a hydraulic piston after assembly. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein:
  4. 　前記インサート留め具のインサート固定部に突起が設けられ、インサートの端面を前記インサート固定部により加圧して固定する際に、前記突起がインサート端面に形成された溝に嵌め込まれる構成となることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の切削工具。 A protrusion is provided in the insert fixing portion of the insert fastener, and the protrusion is fitted into a groove formed in the insert end surface when the end surface of the insert is pressed and fixed by the insert fixing portion. The cutting tool according to claim 2.
  5. 　前記油圧ピストン、油圧シリンダに代えて、モータ駆動によるボールねじ機構によるピストンを備えたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の切削工具。 The cutting tool according to claim 1, further comprising a piston driven by a ball screw mechanism driven by a motor, instead of the hydraulic piston and the hydraulic cylinder.
  6. 　前記バネは、対称に分岐した腕部を持つ平板状の上板バネと、対称に分岐した腕部にそれぞれ２箇所の屈曲部を入れて折り曲げて形成した下板バネとを、対応する腕部を固定して重ね板バネとした構成であることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項３に記載の切削工具。 The spring includes a flat upper plate spring having symmetrically branched arm portions, and a lower plate spring formed by bending two symmetrical bent portions into each of the symmetrically branched arm portions. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is configured as a laminated leaf spring.
  7. 　前記バネの材料が、チタン合金、またはバネ鋼であることを特徴とする請求項１，３，６のいずれかの請求項に記載の切削工具。 The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1, 3, and 6, wherein the material of the spring is titanium alloy or spring steel.
  8. 　前記インサート留め具の材料が高張力鋼であることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の切削工具。 The cutting tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material of the insert fastener is high-tensile steel.
  9. 　切削工具に固定された使用済みのインサートを除去するインサート除去装置と、前記切削工具に新しいインサートを取付けるインサート取付装置と、前記切削工具に油圧を供給する油圧給油口とをそれぞれ独立にＸ，Ｙ，Ｚ軸各軸を駆動して、対象とする切削工具へ位置決め可能とするインサート自動交換装置であって、
    　対象とする切削工具の位置、および前記切削工具の台座にインサートの有無を確認するためのセンサを備え、
    　前記インサート除去装置は、固定力が解除されたインサートに対してエアーを吹きかけて除去するエアーブローノズルと、除去されたインサートが装置外に落下することを防ぐインサート落下防止ガードとを備え、
    　前記インサート取付装置は、交換用インサートを多数保管するマガジンと、前記マガジンの排出口を切削工具の台座に位置決めるモータと、前記交換用インサートを前記マガジンの排出口から押し出す送り装置とを備え、
    　前記油圧給油口は、前記切削工具の注油口へ差し込まれ、油を注油する、または油圧を解除することを特徴とするインサート自動交換装置。     An insert removing device that removes a used insert fixed to the cutting tool, an insert mounting device that attaches a new insert to the cutting tool, and a hydraulic oil supply port that supplies hydraulic pressure to the cutting tool are independently X and Y. , An insert automatic changer that drives each axis of the Z axis and enables positioning to the target cutting tool,
    A sensor for confirming the position of the target cutting tool and the presence or absence of an insert on the base of the cutting tool,
    The insert removing device includes an air blow nozzle that blows air to remove the insert for which the fixing force is released, and an insert fall prevention guard that prevents the removed insert from falling outside the device.
    The insert mounting device includes a magazine that stores a large number of replacement inserts, a motor that positions a discharge port of the magazine on a base of a cutting tool, and a feed device that pushes the replacement insert from the discharge port of the magazine,
    The automatic oil supply port is inserted into the oil supply port of the cutting tool and lubricates the oil or releases the hydraulic pressure.
PCT/JP2013/052407 2013-02-01 2013-02-01 Cutting tool having automatic insert attachment/detachment mechanism and automatic insert-exchanging device WO2014118977A1 (en)

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PCT/JP2013/052407 WO2014118977A1 (en) 2013-02-01 2013-02-01 Cutting tool having automatic insert attachment/detachment mechanism and automatic insert-exchanging device
JP2014559464A JP5878993B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2013-02-01 Cutting tool having automatic insert attaching / detaching mechanism, and automatic insert changing device

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JP2021154434A (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-10-07 株式会社Subaru Insert exchange device and insert exchange method
CN116441608A (en) * 2023-06-16 2023-07-18 福建省庆川数控机械有限公司 Milling cutter and machining center

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JP2021154434A (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-10-07 株式会社Subaru Insert exchange device and insert exchange method
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CN116441608B (en) * 2023-06-16 2023-09-01 福建省庆川数控机械有限公司 Milling cutter and machining center

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