WO2014117683A1 - 一种滑动摩擦纳米发电机组和发电装置 - Google Patents

一种滑动摩擦纳米发电机组和发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014117683A1
WO2014117683A1 PCT/CN2014/071354 CN2014071354W WO2014117683A1 WO 2014117683 A1 WO2014117683 A1 WO 2014117683A1 CN 2014071354 W CN2014071354 W CN 2014071354W WO 2014117683 A1 WO2014117683 A1 WO 2014117683A1
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conductive
friction
generator
elements
set according
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PCT/CN2014/071354
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王中林
朱光
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国家纳米科学中心
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Publication of WO2014117683A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014117683A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04Friction generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a generator set, and more particularly to a friction nanogenerator set that converts mechanical energy of an external force into electrical energy.
  • the present invention provides a sliding friction nanogenerator set comprising a plurality of generator units, the generator unit including: from top to bottom: First conductive element;
  • a second friction element placed at least partially in contact with the lower surface of the first friction element; a second conductive element placed in contact with the lower side of the second friction element;
  • the first conductive elements of all of the generator units are electrically connected to each other to form a first conductive member; the second conductive elements of all of the generator units are electrically connected to each other to form a second conductive member;
  • the applied external force enables the first conductive member to pass through the first conductive member when the lower surface of the first friction element of the plurality of generator units and the upper surface of the second friction member are relatively slidably rubbed and the contact area is changed. And the second conductive member outputs an electrical signal to the external circuit.
  • edges or apex angles of the first conductive elements of the plurality of generator units are spliced to each other to form a grid-like first conductive member having a hollow; and/or a plurality of second conductive elements of the generator unit
  • the edges or apex angles are spliced to each other to form a grid-like second conductive member that is hollowed out.
  • the lattice shape of the grid of the grid-like first conductive member and/or the second conductive member is selected from the group consisting of an equilateral triangle, a square, a rectangle, an equilateral pentagon, an equilateral hexagon, a circle, and Irregular polygons.
  • the grid in the grid of the grid-like first conductive member is a quadrilateral, wherein any two of the first conductive elements spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective apex angle; and/or
  • the grid pattern in the grid of the grid-like second conductive member is a quadrilateral, wherein any two of the second conductive elements spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective one of the apex angles.
  • the first friction element of the plurality of generator units adopts the same or similar pattern arrangement as the first conductive member; and/or the second friction element of the plurality of generator units adopts the second The same or similar pattern of conductive components.
  • the first conductive elements of the plurality of generator units are arranged in an array, and the adjacent first conductive elements are electrically connected to each other through a conductive interconnection to form an array-type first conductive member; and/or, a plurality of The second conductive elements of the generator unit are arranged in an array manner, The adjacent second conductive elements are electrically connected to each other through a conductive interconnection to form an array type second conductive member.
  • the first conductive element and/or the second conductive element are elongated conductive elements.
  • the first conductive elements of all the generator units are arranged in parallel along the length direction to form the array type first conductive member, and the adjacent first conductive elements are connected by at least one conductive interconnection; and
  • the second conductive elements of all the generator units are arranged in parallel along the length direction to form the array type second conductive member, and the adjacent second conductive members are connected by at least one conductive interconnection.
  • the first friction elements of the plurality of generator units are arranged in an array arrangement identical or similar to the first conductive members; and/or the second friction elements of the plurality of generator units are The second conductive members are arranged in the same or similar array arrangement.
  • the lower surfaces of the first friction elements of all of the generator units are in the same plane; and/or the upper surfaces of the second friction elements of all of the generator units are in the same plane.
  • the upper surfaces of the first friction elements of all of the generator units are in the same plane; and/or the lower surfaces of the second friction elements of all of the generator units are in the same plane.
  • the upper surfaces of the first conductive elements of all the generator units are in the same plane; and/or the lower surfaces of the second conductive elements of all the generator units are in the same plane.
  • the first friction elements of the adjacent generator units are further filled with a first dielectric layer; and/or the second friction elements of the adjacent generator units are further filled with a second dielectric layer;
  • the position of the lower surface of the first dielectric layer or the upper surface of the second dielectric layer does not affect the relative sliding of the first friction element and the second friction element by the adjacent generator unit under an external force.
  • the pattern of the first friction elements of all the generator units forms a complementary pattern with the first dielectric layer pattern; and/or the pattern of the second friction elements of the all generator units and the second dielectric layer
  • the graphics form complementary graphics.
  • the material of the first dielectric layer and/or the second dielectric layer is selected from the group consisting of frictional electrodes between the first friction element and the second friction element material electrode sequence constituting the generator unit.
  • the lower surface of the first friction element and/or the upper surface of the second friction element is Insulating material or semiconductor material.
  • the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol butyl Diester, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, recycled fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene propylene copolymer, styrene butyl Ene copolymer, rayon, polymethyl, methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin, Neoprene, butadiene propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyvinyl propylene glycol, poly
  • the semiconductor material is selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, Group III and V compounds, Group II and Group VI compounds, solid solutions composed of Group III-V compounds and Group II-VI compounds, amorphous Glass semiconductors and organic semiconductors.
  • the first friction element and/or the second friction element are non-conductive oxides, semiconductor oxides or complex oxides, including silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, oxidation. Copper, zinc oxide, Bi0 2 or ⁇ 2 0 3 .
  • the first friction element or the second friction element is made of a metal material, a conductive oxide material or a conductive polymer material, and the metal includes gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium. And an alloy formed of the above metal.
  • the lower surface of the first friction element and/or the upper surface of the second friction element are distributed with micro- or sub-micron microstructures.
  • the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and microspheres.
  • the upper surface of the first friction element and/or the lower surface of the second friction element are chemically modified such that a functional group that easily loses electrons is introduced on the surface of the positive polarity material and/or the polarity is negative.
  • the surface of the material introduces a functional group that readily acquires electrons.
  • the functional group that easily loses electrons includes an amino group, a hydroxyl group or a decyloxy group; and/or a functional group that easily obtains an electron includes an acyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group or a sulfonic acid group.
  • the lower surface of the first friction element and/or the upper surface of the second friction element are chemically modified such that a positive charge is introduced on the surface of the positive polarity material and/or is introduced on the surface of the negative polarity material Negative charge.
  • the first conductive element, the first friction element, the second friction element and/or the second conductive element of the generator unit are thin films.
  • the first conductive member upper surface and/or the second conductive member lower surface further comprise a flexible or rigid substrate.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention is a sliding friction power generating apparatus comprising a plurality of power generating units as described above, wherein the power generating units are formed in series and/or in parallel.
  • the plurality of engine groups are upper and lower stacked structures, and an isolation layer is interposed between the upper and lower adjacent engine groups for isolating the second conductive member of the upper engine block from the first conductive member of the lower engine block .
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • a plurality of generator units are connected in parallel through the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and the first conductive member and/or the second conductive member can be designed to be higher. Output power.
  • the layered structure design of the generator unit in the generator set of the present invention does not require large-scale, high-intensity energy input, and only the input mechanical energy can drive the relative sliding between the first friction element and the second friction element of the generator element. , the generator set can generate electricity. Therefore, it is an easy-to-use generator set that can effectively collect various kinds of mechanical energy generated in nature and people's daily life and convert it into electric energy to provide power for small appliances.
  • Filling the dielectric material between the first friction element or the second friction element of the adjacent generator unit can effectively protect the first friction element or the second friction element of the generator unit without affecting the operation of the generator unit. It is beneficial to extend the life of the generator set.
  • the generator set of the present invention can be used not only as a small power source, but also a plurality of engine groups in series or in parallel to form a higher output power generating device for high power generation.
  • 1 is a schematic structural view of a sliding friction generator set
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power generation principle of a sliding friction generator set
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a grid of grid-like conductive members
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a grid in which a grid in a grid pattern is a quadrangle
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the first embodiment of the sliding friction motor set
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of each part of the generator unit of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the second embodiment of the sliding friction motor set
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of each part of the generator unit of the second embodiment;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the third embodiment of the sliding friction motor set;
  • FIG 10 and 11 are schematic plan views of respective portions of the generator unit of the third embodiment.
  • the present invention provides a sliding friction nanogenerator capable of converting naturally occurring mechanical energy such as motion and vibration into electrical energy, which can provide a matching power source for microelectronic devices.
  • the sliding friction nanogenerator of the present invention utilizes a phenomenon of surface charge transfer when a material having a polarity difference exists in a friction electrode sequence, and the generator unit converts mechanical energy of an external force into electric energy, and parallelizes a plurality of generator units. , get enough power output.
  • the "friction electrode sequence" as used in the present invention refers to the order of the materials according to their degree of attraction to the charge. When the two materials rub against each other, the negative charge on the friction surface is compared with the polarity of the friction electrode sequence.
  • the positive material surface is transferred to the surface of the material that is more polar in the friction electrode sequence.
  • this charge transfer is related to the surface work function of the material, and charge transfer is achieved by the transfer of electrons or ions on the contact surface.
  • the friction electrode sequence is only an empirically based statistical result, that is, the further the difference between the two materials in the sequence, the greater the positive and negative charge generated after the contact and the probability of the sequence being coincident, and The actual results are affected by various factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity and whether there is relative friction.
  • the "contact charge” described in the present invention refers to the contact between materials having different polarities of the two friction electrode sequences.
  • the charge on the surface after rubbing and separation is generally considered to be distributed only on the surface of the material, with a maximum depth of about 10 nm.
  • the sign of the contact charge is a sign of the net charge, that is, a concentrated region where a negative charge may exist in a local region of the surface of the material with a positive contact charge, but the sign of the net charge of the entire surface is positive.
  • the sliding friction nanogenerator of the present invention see the structural schematic diagram of the sliding friction generator set of FIG. 1, comprising a plurality of generator units M1, each of which includes, in order from top to bottom, a first conductive element 10, and a a first friction element 20 placed under contact with a conductive element 10, a second friction element 30 placed at least partially in contact with the lower surface of the first friction element 20, and a second conductive element 40 placed in contact with the lower surface of the second friction element 30;
  • the first conductive elements 10 of all the generator units are electrically connected to each other to form the first conductive member 100;
  • the second conductive members 40 of all the generator units are electrically connected to each other to form the second conductive member 200;
  • the applied external force causes the plurality of generator units to When the first frictional element 20 and the second frictional element 30 undergo relative sliding friction and cause a change in the contact area, an electrical signal can be output to the external circuit through the first conductive member 100 and the second conductive member 200.
  • the first conductive elements 10 of all the generator units may be electrically connected to each other through the conductive interconnects 50 to form the first conductive member 100, or may be directly spliced together by the adjacent first conductive elements to achieve electrical connection.
  • the second conductive element of all generator units The members 40 may be electrically connected to each other through the conductive interconnects 60 to form the second conductive member 200, or may be directly spliced together by adjacent second conductive members to achieve electrical connection.
  • the first conductive member 100 is slid relative to the second conductive member 200 by the external force.
  • the distance moved is one cycle of the periodic structure (e.g., the distance between adjacent generator units), and the electrons collected in the first conductive member 100 will flow back to the second conductive member.
  • an alternating current pulse signal output can be formed between the first conductive member and the second conductive member.
  • the first conductive elements of all the generator units are electrically connected to each other to form a first conductive member
  • the second conductive members of all the generator units are electrically connected to each other to form a second conductive member, and therefore, in the generator set A plurality of generator units are connected in parallel, and such a generator set can obtain high output power.
  • the applied external force can have a power output regardless of the direction from which the external force is applied.
  • the first conductive component and/or the second conductive component of the genset are patterned conductive components. Specifically, the edges or apex angles of the first conductive components of the plurality of generator units are spliced to each other to form a hollowed out a grid-like first conductive member; and/or a plurality of edges or apex angles of the second conductive elements of the generator unit are spliced to each other to form a mesh-shaped second Conductive parts.
  • the grid pattern of the first conductive member (or the second conductive member) described herein can be seen in FIG. 3, the first conductive elements (or second conductive elements) of the plurality of generator units Al, A2, A3, A4... Separating each other to form a mesh pattern M having a hollow, each of the conductive elements A1, A2, A3, A4 ⁇ (shaded in the figure) occupies a grid, and the grid pattern M is formed by the edge connection of a plurality of conductive elements Hollow area B (no shaded part in the picture).
  • edges or apex angles of the plurality of first conductive elements are spliced to each other to form a mesh-shaped first conductive member having a hollow shape, such as the edge of the conductive element A1 and the conductive element A2 in FIG.
  • the edges are spliced to each other, and an apex angle of the conductive member A2 and a top corner of the conductive member A4 are spliced to each other, and the edges of the mutually spliced conductive members A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 are joined to form a hollowed-out region 8.
  • the lattice shape of the mesh may be selected from the group consisting of an equilateral triangle, a square, a rectangle, an equilateral pentagon, an equilateral hexagon, a circle, and an irregular polygon.
  • each of the first conductive elements (or the second conductive elements) is projected on the plane of the network grid occupied by the first conductive element (or the second conductive element) as an equilateral triangle, a square, a rectangle, an equilateral pentagon, an equilateral hexagon, a circle, and Regular polygons and other graphics.
  • the first friction element and the second friction element of the plurality of generator units slide relative to each other, and the first friction element and the second of each generator unit
  • the sliding plane of the friction elements may be different, and does not limit the first sliding elements of all of the generator units being in the same plane as the sliding plane of the second friction elements.
  • the lower surfaces of the first friction elements of all of the generator units are in the same plane; and/or the upper surfaces of the second friction elements are in the same plane.
  • the upper surfaces of the first friction elements of all the generator units are in the same plane; and/or the lower surfaces of the second friction elements of all the generator units are same plane.
  • the upper surfaces of the first conductive elements of all the generator units are in the same plane; and/or the lower surfaces of the second friction layers of all the generator units are same plane.
  • the upper surface material and the second friction element of the first friction element of the generator unit there is a difference in friction electrode sequence between the lower surface materials.
  • the first friction element 20 and the second friction element 30 in the same generator unit M1 are respectively composed of materials having different triboelectric characteristics, which means that the two are in different positions in the friction electrode sequence, Thereby, the two can generate contact charges on the surface during the occurrence of friction.
  • Conventional high molecular polymers have triboelectric properties, and can be used as materials for preparing the first frictional element 20 and the second frictional component 30 of the present invention.
  • polytetrafluoroethylene poly dimethicone
  • polyimide film aniline formaldehyde resin film
  • polyoxymethylene film polyoxymethylene film
  • ethyl cellulose film polyamide film
  • melamine formaldehyde film polyethylene glycol succinate film
  • cellulose film Cellulose acetate film
  • polyethylene adipate film poly(diallyl phthalate film)
  • regenerated fiber sponge film polyurethane elastomer film
  • styrene propylene copolymer film styrene butadiene Copolymer film
  • rayon film polymethyl film, methacrylate film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutylene film, polyurethane flexible sponge film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene Alcohol butyral film, phenolic resin film, neoprene film, butadiene propylene copolymer film, natural rubber film, polypropylene Ni
  • semiconductors and metals have triboelectric properties that tend to lose electrons relative to the insulator, often at the end of the list of friction electrode orders. Therefore, the semiconductor and the metal can also be used as a raw material for preparing the first frictional element 20 or the second frictional element 30.
  • Commonly used semiconductors include silicon, germanium; Group III and V compounds such as gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, etc.; Group II and Group VI compounds such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc.; and III-V compounds and A solid solution composed of II-VI compounds, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenide phosphorus, and the like.
  • Non-conductive oxides, semiconducting oxides and complex oxides also have triboelectric properties and are capable of forming surface charges during the rubbing process, and thus can also be used as surface materials for friction elements or friction elements of the present invention, such as manganese, chromium, iron, copper oxide, further comprising a silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, ⁇ 0 2 and ⁇ 2 0 3; first friction element or second friction element may be made of metal, Common metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, as well as alloys formed from the above metals. Of course, it is also possible to use other materials having conductive properties as materials for the friction elements that easily lose electrons, such as conductive polymer materials, conductive oxide materials, indium tin oxide, and the like.
  • the first friction element 20 and the second friction element 30 can be prepared by selecting a suitable material according to actual needs to obtain a better output effect.
  • Partial insulation materials that can be used for friction elements according to the order of electrons from weak to strong: aniline formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde 1.3-1.4, ethyl cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, melanime formoK wool and Knitted fabric, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regenerated cellulose Sponge, cotton and fabric, steel, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, wood, hard rubber, sulfur, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, Polyvinyl alcohol, polyester (polyester), polyiso Butylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, formo-phenolique (hardened) butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer,
  • the contact area between the element 20 and the second friction element 30 increases the amount of contact charge.
  • the specific modification methods include photolithography, chemical etching, ion etching, etc., and the object can also be achieved by embellishing or coating the nano material.
  • One method is to introduce a more electron-releasing functional group (ie, a strong electron donating group) on the surface of the positive polarity material for the materials of the first friction element 20 and the second friction element 30 that are in contact with each other, or have a negative polarity.
  • the introduction of more electron-donating functional groups (strong electron-withdrawing groups) on the surface of the material can further increase the amount of transfer of charges as they slide against each other, thereby increasing the triboelectric charge density and the output power of the generator.
  • Strong electron donating groups include: amino group, hydroxyl group, decyloxy group, etc.; strong electron withdrawing group includes: acyl group, carboxyl group, nitro group, sulfonic acid group and the like.
  • the introduction of the functional group can be carried out by a conventional method such as plasma surface modification. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gas can be generated at a certain power to introduce an amino group on the surface of the substrate material.
  • Another method is to introduce a positive charge on the surface of the positive polarity material and a negative charge on the surface of the negative polarity material.
  • it can be achieved by chemical bonding.
  • ethyl orthosilicate in English abbreviated as TEOS
  • PDMS film first friction element
  • sol-gel hydrolysis-condensation
  • the present invention does not limit that the first friction element 20 and the second friction element 30 must be hard materials, and a flexible material may also be selected, because the hardness of the material does not affect the sliding friction effect between the two, and those skilled in the art may Make a selection based on the actual situation.
  • the thicknesses of the first friction element 20 and the second friction element 30 have no significant effect on the practice of the present invention.
  • the preferred friction layer of the present invention is a film having a thickness of from 100 nm to 5 mm, preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ , more preferably from 10 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 ⁇ m 500 ⁇ m, these thicknesses are applicable to all the technical solutions in the present invention.
  • the first conductive element 10 and the second conductive element 40 serve as two electrodes of the generator unit, and may be selected from metals or conductive oxides as long as they have characteristics capable of conducting electricity, and commonly used metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, Nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals, more preferably metal sheets, foils or films, such as aluminum films, gold films, copper films; commonly used conductive oxides include indium tin oxide antimony and An ion doped semiconductor.
  • the first conductive element for connecting the generator unit forms a conductive interconnect of the first conductive member that may be the same or different than the material of the first conductive element; the second conductive element for connecting the generator unit forms a conductive portion of the second conductive member
  • the interconnect may be the same or different than the material of the second conductive element.
  • the first conductive element 10 and the second conductive element 40 of the generator unit M1 may be connected to the external circuit in a manner of being connected to the external circuit through a wire or a metal film.
  • the first conductive element, the first friction element, the second friction element and/or the second conductive element of the generator unit are thin films.
  • the substrate may be placed in contact with the upper surface of the first conductive member and/or the lower surface of the second conductive member.
  • the substrate may be a flexible or rigid material such as a plastic plate or a silicon wafer.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the lattice shape of the grid-shaped first conductive member in which the genset is hollowed out and/or the mesh-shaped second conductive member in which the hollow is present is four-deformed, and any two of the spliced together
  • the first conductive elements are spliced to each other by a respective apex angle; and/or, said
  • the lattice in the grid of the grid-like second conductive members is a quadrilateral, wherein any two of the second conductive elements spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective one of the apex angles.
  • the hollowed out region formed by the edge connection of the plurality of conductive elements is also quadrangular.
  • the first conductive members (or second conductive member) Cl, C2, C3- of the quadrilateral are formed by splicing with each other, wherein the conductive member C1 A apex angle is spliced together with a top corner of the conductive element C2, and another apex angle of the conductive element C2 is spliced together with a top corner of the conductive element C3, and the hollowed-out area D formed by the edge connection of the plurality of conductive elements is also quadrilateral .
  • Other components are also spliced together in the same way.
  • the first conductive element and the second conductive element of the generator unit are taken as an example to illustrate the structure of the generator set in this embodiment.
  • the first conductive elements of the plurality of generator units are spliced to each other in a checkerboard pattern to form a first conductive member
  • the second conductive elements of the plurality of generator units are spliced to each other in a checkerboard pattern to form a second conductive member. Referring to the perspective view of the genset of FIG. 5 and the plan view of the various parts of the generator unit of FIG. 6, wherein the first conductive element 11 of each generator unit occupies the first conductive member 101 in the checkerboard pattern.
  • any two first conductive elements spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective apex angle (see Fig. 6 (a)); the second conductive element 41 of each generator unit occupies the second conductive part 201 In a grid in the grid pattern, any two second conductive elements that are spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective apex angle (see Fig. 6(d)).
  • the first conductive elements of the generator unit are electrically connected directly to each other to form a first conductive member, and no additional wire interconnection is required; the second conductive elements of the generator unit are electrically connected directly to each other to form a second conductive member. , no additional wire interconnections are required.
  • the first friction elements 21 of the plurality of generator units are arranged in the same or similar pattern as the first conductive members 101, preferably, each The first friction element 21 of the generator unit occupies one of the grids in the checkerboard pattern, and any two of the first friction elements 21 that are spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective apex angle (see Fig. 6(b)).
  • the second frictional element 31 of the plurality of generator units adopts the same or similar pattern arrangement as the second conductive member 201.
  • the second frictional element 31 of each generator unit occupies a lattice in the checkerboard pattern, It is intended that the two second friction elements 31 which are spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective apex angle (see Fig. 6(c)).
  • a flexible or rigid substrate preferably an insulating material or a semiconductor material, such as a plastic plate or silicon, may be provided in contact with the upper surface of the first conductive member and/or the lower surface of the second conductive member. Film and so on.
  • the genset of the present embodiment in which direction the first frictional element 21 and the second frictional element 31 are in contact with each other, regardless of the applied external force, may cause contact between the first frictional element 21 and the second frictional element 31.
  • the area changes and there is a power output between the first conductive component and the second conductive component of the genset.
  • a generator set comprising 25 generator units, wherein the first conductive element of the generator unit is a metal copper foil having a thickness of 1 mm and a size of 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm, and the first friction element has a thickness of 0.2 cm and a size of a lcmX lcm Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) film, the second friction element is a polyethylene glycol adipate film having a thickness of 0.2 cm and a size of 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm, and the second conductive member has a thickness of 1 mm and a size of lcmX lcm metal aluminum film.
  • 25 metal aluminum foils (second conductive elements) of 25 generator units arranged in a checkerboard pattern see Fig.
  • polyethylene glycol adipate films (second a friction element) is arranged on the second conductive member in the same pattern as the second conductive member, and a Teflon film (first friction member) is placed on each polyethylene glycol adipate film to make each of the poly
  • the upper surface of the ethylene glycol adipate film is at least partially in contact with the lower surface of the Teflon film, and a metal copper sheet is placed on the surface of each Teflon film to make the 25 metal copper sheets follow the second conductive member.
  • the same pattern is arranged to form the first conductive member, and 25 metal copper sheets completely cover the upper surface of the 25 Teflon films to form a sliding friction nanogenerator, wherein 25 metal copper sheets are in accordance with the checkerboard pattern (see Fig. 6).
  • the lower surface of the metal copper foil and the upper surface of the Teflon film may be adhered and fixed by using a material such as conductive adhesive; the upper surface of the metal aluminum foil and the upper surface of the polyethylene glycol adipate film may be electrically conductive; Glue and other materials are adhered and fixed.
  • Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) and polyethylene glycol adipate have extremely negative and extremely positive polarities in the friction electrode sequence, respectively, after the metal aluminum foil and the metal copper foil lead the wire, on average A rate of 0.3 m/sec is generated between the first conductive member and the second conductive member of the genset when rubbed parallel to each other in parallel with the direction of the sliding plane of the Teflon film and the polyethylene glycol adipate film.
  • the short-circuit current output indicates that the generator set can convert mechanical energy into an electrical signal under the action of external force.
  • the grid pattern of the first conductive member and the second conductive member of the genset may be different.
  • the size and/or shape of the first conductive elements of each generator unit may be identical, that is, in the first conductive member patterned by the checkerboard grid, the size and shape of each checkerboard grid are not limited, as long as It is within the scope of the present invention that the first conductive member that approximates the checkerboard pattern is within the scope of the present invention.
  • the first conductive elements of each generator unit are identical in size and shape.
  • the checkerboard pattern of the second conductive member does not define the same size and shape of each checkerboard grid, as long as the second conductive member that approximates the checkerboard pattern is within the scope of the present invention.
  • the second conductive element of each generator unit is identical in size and shape.
  • first friction element and the second friction element of the same generator unit may also be different.
  • the size and shape of the different generator units can also vary.
  • the first conductive member and/or the second conductive member of the genset are grid-like conductive members, and specifically may be array-type conductive members.
  • the first conductive elements of the plurality of generator units are arranged in an array manner, and the adjacent first conductive elements are electrically connected by conductive interconnections to form an array-type first conductive member; and/or
  • the second conductive elements of the generator cells are arranged in an array, and the adjacent second conductive elements are electrically connected by conductive interconnections to form an array-type second conductive member.
  • the shape of the array type conductive member may have various options, wherein the shape of the array unit (ie, the first or second conductive element) occupying the array pattern may be a rectangle, a square, a circle, a triangle, etc., or may be irregular.
  • the arrangement of the array elements can also be arranged in the form of rectangles, squares, circles, triangles, etc., or irregular patterns. Under The structure of the generator set of this embodiment will be described with a specific example.
  • the generator set includes a plurality of generator units, wherein the first conductive element 12 of each generator unit and The second conductive elements 42 are all elongated elements, the first conductive elements of the plurality of generator units are arranged in parallel along the length direction, and the adjacent first conductive elements 12 are connected by at least one conductive interconnect 52 to form a generator set.
  • Array type first conductive member 102 see FIG.
  • second conductive elements of the plurality of generator units are arranged in parallel along the length direction, and adjacent second conductive elements 42 are connected by at least one conductive interconnection 62 is connected to form an array type second conductive member 202 of the genset (see Fig. 8(d)).
  • Conductive interconnects 52 and 62 can be wires, conductive films or strips, and the like.
  • the first friction elements 22 of each generator unit are elongated, and the first friction elements 22 of the plurality of generator units are
  • the first conductive member 102 has the same pattern arrangement (see Fig. 8(b)).
  • the second friction elements 32 of each generator unit are elongated, and the second friction elements 32 of the plurality of generator units are arranged in the same pattern as the second conductive members 202 (see Figure 8 (c)) .
  • two adjacent first conductive elements 12 of the first conductive member 102 are electrically connected by two conductive interconnects 52.
  • two conductive interconnects 52 are connected adjacent to the ends of the first conductive member. position.
  • the materials, shapes and/or dimensions of the electrically conductive interconnects in the first electrically conductive component are the same.
  • Electrical connection is made between two adjacent second conductive elements 42 of the second conductive member 202 by two conductive interconnects 62.
  • two conductive interconnects 52 are connected adjacent to the ends of the second conductive member.
  • the materials, shapes and/or dimensions of the electrically conductive interconnections in the second electrically conductive member are the same.
  • the first frictional elements of the plurality of generator cells may be in the same or similar pattern arrangement as the first conductive component 102.
  • the first frictional element 22 of the plurality of generator units is an elongated element having the same shape and size as the lower surface of the first conductive element 12, and the first conductive The components 102 are arranged in the same or similar array arrangement (see Figure 8(b)).
  • the second friction elements of the plurality of generator units may be in the same or similar pattern arrangement as the second conductive members 202.
  • the second frictional element 31 of the plurality of generator units is an elongated element having the same shape and size as the upper surface of the second conductive element 42 and adopting the same or similar array arrangement as the second conductive member 201.
  • a substrate may be placed in contact with the upper surface of the first conductive member and/or the lower surface of the second conductive member, preferably an insulating material or a semiconductor material such as a plastic plate or a silicon wafer.
  • the direction of the applied external force is preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first conductive member, causing the first friction member 22 of the generator unit to slide between the second friction member 32 and causing a change in the contact area.
  • the following is a generator set including five generator units, wherein the first conductive element of the generator unit is made of a metal copper foil having a thickness of lmm and a size of 1 cm ⁇ 5 cm, and the first friction element has a thickness of lmm and a size of lcm.
  • X 5cm polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) film the second friction element is a silicon wafer with a thickness of 0.5mm and a size of 1cm ⁇ 5cm
  • the second conductive element is made of a metal aluminum film with a thickness of lmm and a size of 1cm ⁇ 5cm.
  • the five metal aluminum foils (second conductive elements) of the five generator units are arranged in parallel along the length direction (see Figure 6 (d)), and the adjacent metal aluminum foils are passed through two thicknesses of 1 mm and dimensions of 1 cm x 2 mm.
  • a metal strip (conductive interconnect) is connected to form a second conductive member.
  • the five metal copper sheets (first conductive elements) of the five generator units are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction (see Fig. 6 (a)), and the adjacent metal copper sheets pass through two metal layers having a thickness of lmm and a size of lcmX.
  • a 2 mm metal strip (conductive interconnect) is connected to form a first conductive component.
  • the nanorod array was prepared by inductively coupled plasma etching on the surface of the PDMS film.
  • the specific steps were as follows: depositing about 10 nm thick gold on the surface of the PDMS film by sputtering, and then placing the PDMS film into the inductively coupled plasma.
  • the body etching machine the surface on which gold is deposited is etched, and 0 2 , Ar and CF 4 gases are introduced, the flow rates are controlled at 10 sccm, 15 sccm and 30 sccm, respectively, the pressure is controlled at 15 mTorr, and the operating temperature is controlled at 55 ° C.
  • a base Use 400 watts of power to generate plasma, 100 watts of power to accelerate the plasma, and etch for about 5 minutes to obtain a base.
  • This is a PDMS nanorod array of approximately 1.5 microns in length perpendicular to the surface of the PDMS film.
  • the specific steps are: rotating a layer of photoresist on the surface of the silicon wafer, and forming a side length in the micron or the second on the photoresist by photolithography A micrometer-scale square window array; the lithographically completed substrate is subjected to chemical etching of hot potassium hydroxide to form a pyramid-shaped recessed structure array at the window.
  • the surface of the five PDMS film prepared with nanowires was placed upside down on the five second conductive elements of the first conductive member, and then the surface of the five silicon wafers prepared with the microstructure array was placed downward correspondingly on five PDMS films. Finally, the five first conductive elements of the first conductive member are finally placed corresponding to the five silicon wafers to place the first conductive member on the device to form a sliding friction nanogenerator set.
  • the first friction element adopts a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film prepared with a nanorod array on the lower surface
  • the second friction element adopts a silicon wafer on which a microstructure array is prepared on the upper surface, and an external force acts on the generator set to make contact with each other.
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
  • the lower surface of the metal copper foil and the upper surface of the PDMS film may be adhered and fixed by using a conductive adhesive or the like; and the upper surface of the metal aluminum foil and the lower surface of the silicon wafer may be adhered and fixed by using a conductive adhesive or the like.
  • a flexible or rigid substrate may be provided in contact with the upper surface of the first conductive member and/or the lower surface of the second conductive member, preferably an insulating material or a semiconductor material such as a plastic plate or a silicon wafer.
  • the silicon wafer and the PDMS film have different friction electrode sequences in the friction electrode sequence.
  • an external force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the length of the metal aluminum foil to make the silicon wafer and the PDMS film in contact with each other.
  • sliding friction occurs at an average rate of 0.2 m/sec, a short-circuit current output is generated between the first conductive member and the second conductive member of the genset, indicating that the genset can convert mechanical energy into an electrical signal under the action of an external force.
  • the difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment or the second embodiment is that, in the sliding friction nanogenerator set, the first friction element of the adjacent generator unit is further filled with the first dielectric layer, and And a second dielectric layer is further filled between the second friction elements of the adjacent generator units, wherein the position of the lower surface of the first dielectric layer or the upper surface of the second dielectric layer does not affect the adjacent power generation The relative sliding of the first friction element and the second friction element by the machine unit under external force.
  • the sliding friction nano-generator includes a plurality of generator units N1, N2 ⁇ , and the generator unit N1 is taken as an example.
  • the generator unit includes, in order from top to bottom, a first conductive element 131 and a first conductive element 131.
  • first friction element 231 placed in contact below, a second friction element 331 placed at least partially in contact with the lower surface of the first friction element 231, and a second conductive element 431 placed in contact with the lower surface of the second friction element 331; all generator units
  • the first conductive elements are electrically connected to each other through the conductive interconnects 53 to form the first conductive members 103;
  • the second conductive members of all the generator units are electrically connected to each other through the conductive interconnects 63 to form the second conductive members 203;
  • an electrical signal can be output to the external circuit through the first conductive member 103 and the second conductive member 203.
  • a first dielectric layer 70 is filled between the first friction element 231 of the generator unit N1 and the first friction element 232 of the generator unit N2, and the position of the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 70 does not affect the adjacent external force Relative sliding of the first friction element and the second friction element in the generator units N1 and N2.
  • the thickness of the first dielectric layer 70 is not greater than the thickness of the first frictional element 231.
  • a second dielectric layer 80 may be filled between the second frictional element 331 of the generator unit N1 and the second frictional element 332 of the generator unit N2, and the position of the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 80 does not affect the adjacent The relative sliding of the first friction element and the second friction element by the external force in the generator units N1 and N2.
  • the thickness of the second dielectric layer 80 is not greater than the thickness of the second friction element.
  • the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer may also be included in the generator set, see FIG.
  • the first dielectric layer or the second dielectric layer may protect the first friction element or the second friction element of the generator unit, in particular the edge of the friction element, to ensure an effective friction area of the generator unit in the generator set and an output power of the generator set .
  • the material of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer may be selected from a material having a friction electrode sequence between the first friction element material constituting the generator unit and the friction electrode sequence of the second friction element material.
  • the material of the first dielectric layer and/or the second dielectric layer may be selected as an insulating material or a semiconductor Material. It should be noted that the selection of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer material should not limit the protection scope of the embodiment.
  • the materials of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer do not have to be the same, and both can be selected from the following ranges: polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral , butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(:vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile:), polybisphenol A carbonate polychloroether, polyvinylidene chloride And poly(2,6-dimethylpolyphenylene oxide).
  • the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer may also be liquid or gas, and may also be vacuum if necessary. It should be noted that the material of the filling medium should not be prone to charge transfer during the rubbing process.
  • the pattern of the first friction elements of all of the generator units forms a complementary pattern with the first dielectric layer pattern.
  • the pattern of the second friction elements of all of the generator units forms a complementary pattern with the second dielectric layer pattern.
  • the structure of the generator set in the present embodiment is illustrated by taking the same pattern of the first conductive element and the second conductive element of each generator unit as an example, and FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of each part of the generator unit, and the generator set includes multiple a generator unit, wherein the first conductive element 14 and the second conductive element 44 of each generator unit are elongated elements, and the first conductive elements of the plurality of generator units are arranged in parallel along the length direction, adjacent The first conductive elements 14 are connected by at least one conductive interconnect 54 to form an array-type first conductive member 104 of the genset (see FIG.
  • the second conductive elements 44 of the plurality of generator units are along the length The directions are arranged in parallel, and adjacent second conductive elements 44 are connected by at least one conductive interconnect 64 to form an array-type second conductive member 204 of the genset (see Fig. 10(d)).
  • Conductive interconnects 54 and 64 can be wires, conductive films or strips, and the like.
  • the first frictional member 24 of the plurality of generator units is a strip having the same shape and size as the lower surface of the first conductive member 14
  • the first element is arranged in the same array arrangement as the first conductive member 104, and the first dielectric layer 71 is included between the adjacent first friction elements, and the first dielectric layer 71 and the plurality of first friction elements 24 are formed.
  • the first graphic is a complementary graphic (see See Fig. 10(b)), that is, the first dielectric layer is also elongated, and the plurality of first dielectric layers are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction.
  • the second friction elements 34 of the plurality of generator units are elongated elements having the same shape and size as the upper surface of the second conductive member 44, and are arranged in the same array arrangement as the second conductive members 204.
  • the second pattern includes a second dielectric layer 81 between adjacent second friction elements, and the second pattern formed by the second dielectric layer 81 and the plurality of second friction elements 34 is a complementary pattern (see FIG. 8(c)), ie
  • the second dielectric layer is also elongated and arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction.
  • each generator unit The first conductive element 15 occupies one of the first conductive members 105 in the checkerboard pattern, and any two of the first conductive elements that are spliced together are spliced to each other through a respective apex angle (see Fig.
  • the second conductive element 45 of the machine unit occupies one of the grids of the second conductive member 205 in the checkerboard pattern, and any two of the second conductive elements that are spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective apex angle (see FIG. 11(d)).
  • the first friction elements 25 of the plurality of generator units are arranged in the same or similar pattern as the first conductive members 105, preferably, each The first friction element 25 of the generator unit occupies a grid in the checkerboard pattern, and any two of the first friction elements 21 that are spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective apex angle, a checkerboard grid that is not occupied by the first friction element 25. Filled by the first dielectric layer 72, the first dielectric layer 72 forms a complementary pattern with the plurality of first friction elements 25 (see Figure 11 (b)).
  • the second friction elements 35 of the plurality of generator units are arranged in the same or similar pattern as the second conductive members 205.
  • the second friction elements 35 of each generator unit occupy a grid in the checkerboard pattern, any two The second friction elements 35 that are spliced together are spliced to each other by a respective apex angle, the checkerboard grid not occupied by the second friction elements 35 is filled by the second dielectric layer 82, and the second dielectric layer 82 and the plurality of second friction elements 35 forms a complementary pattern (see Figure 11 (c)) o
  • the first conductive element and / or the second conductive element of the generator unit in the generator set is a conductive film.
  • the material of the conductive film may be selected from a metal or conductive oxide film, preferably a film prepared on the surface of the friction member by printing or sputtering.
  • a metal or conductive oxide film preferably a film prepared on the surface of the friction member by printing or sputtering.
  • Those skilled in the art can predict to change the size, shape, arrangement, etc. of the plurality of generator units in the plurality of generator sets, and the matching of the first or second friction element patterns in the same generator unit, and the surface of each part is not
  • the arrangement of the flat pattern, the pattern and material of the first dielectric layer and/or the second dielectric layer are also selectable according to actual conditions, and therefore these design and deformation are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • the preparation method of each part of the friction nano-generator of all the embodiments of the present invention can adopt the existing semiconductor material preparation technology, and will not be specifically described herein.
  • the present invention also provides a sliding friction power generating apparatus comprising a plurality of gensets according to the preceding embodiments, wherein the gensets are formed in series and/or in parallel.
  • a power plant of this configuration can achieve a higher output power than a single generator set.
  • the plurality of engine groups are upper and lower stacked structures, and an isolation layer is interposed between the upper and lower adjacent engine groups for isolating the second conductive member of the upper engine block from the first conductive member of the lower engine block .
  • the series or parallel connection of the two upper and lower engine groups is achieved by connecting the corresponding conductive members by wires.
  • the spacer layer may be a flexible or rigid material, preferably an insulating material such as SiO 2 , an insulating organic material or the like.

Abstract

一种滑动摩擦纳米发电机,包括多个发电机单元(M1),每个发电机单元自上而下依次包括:第一导电元件(10),第一导电元件下方接触放置的第一摩擦元件(20),与第一摩擦元件的下表面至少部分接触放置的第二摩擦元件(30),与第二摩擦元件下方接触放置的第二导电元件(40);其中所有发电机单元的第一导电元件互相电连接形成第一导电部件(100),所有发电机单元的第二导电元件(40)互相电连接成第二导电部件(200),施加的外力使多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件和第二摩擦元件发生相对滑动,并导致接触面积发生变化时,通过第一导电部件和第二导电部件向外电路输出电信号。施加周期性的外力时,可以在第一导电部件和第二导电部件之间形成交流脉冲信号输出。

Description

一种滑动摩擦纳米发电机组和发电装置 技术领域 本发明涉及一种发电机组, 特别涉及一种将施加外力的机械能转化 为电能的摩擦纳米发电机组。
背景技术 在微电子和材料技术高速发展的今日, 大量新型具有多种功能和高 度集成化的微型电子器件不断被开发出来, 并在人们日常生活的各个领 域展现出前所未有的应用前景。 然而, 和这些微型电子器件所匹配的电 源系统的研究却相对滞后, 一般说来, 这些微型电子器件的电源都是直 接或者间接来自于电池。 电池不仅体积较大、 质量较重, 而且含有的有 毒化学物质对环境和人体存在潜在的危害。 因此, 开发出能将运动、 振 动等自然存在的机械能转化为电能的技术具有极其重要的意义。
但是, 目前能将上述机械能有效地转化为电能的发电机均是以电磁 感应为基础的, 由水轮机、 汽轮机、 柴油机或其它动力机械驱动, 将水 流,气流,燃料燃烧或原子核裂变产生的能量转化为机械能传给发电机, 再由发电机转换为电能加以利用。 这些发电机都需要相对集中、 大强度 的能量输入, 而对于人们日常活动中产生的以及自然界存在的强度较小 的动能, 基本都无法将其有效的转化为电能。 同时, 传统发电机的体积 较大、 结构复杂, 根本不能作为微型电子器件的供电元件使用。
发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种能够将施加外力的机械能转化为电能的 滑动摩擦纳米发电机组。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种滑动摩擦纳米发电机组, 包括多 个发电机单元, 所述发电机单元自上向下依次包括: 第一导电元件;
与所述第一导电元件下方接触放置的第一摩擦元件;
与所述第一摩擦元件的下表面至少部分接触放置的第二摩擦元件; 与所述第二摩擦元件下方接触放置的第二导电元件;
所有发电机单元的第一导电元件互相电连接形成第一导电部件; 所 有发电机单元的第二导电元件互相电连接形成第二导电部件;
施加的外力使多个所述发电机单元的第一摩擦元件的下表面和所 述第二摩擦元件的上表面发生相对滑动摩擦、 并且导致接触面积发生变 化时, 能够通过所述第一导电部件和第二导电部件向外电路输出电信号。
优选的, 所述第一摩擦元件的上表面材料和所述第二摩擦元件的下 表面材料之间存在摩擦电极序差异。
优选的, 多个所述发电机单元的第一导电元件的边缘或顶角互相拼 接形成存在镂空的网格状第一导电部件; 和 /或, 多个所述发电机单元的 第二导电元件的边缘或顶角互相拼接形成存在镂空的网格状第二导电 部件。
优选的,所述网格状第一导电部件和 /或第二导电部件的网格的格子 形状选自等边三角形、 正方形、 长方形、 等边五边形、 等边六边形、 圆 形和不规则多边形。
优选的,所述网格状第一导电部件的网格中的格子为四边形,其中, 任意两个拼接在一起的所述第一导电元件通过各自的一个顶角互相拼 接; 和 /或, 所述网格状第二导电部件的网格中的格子图形为四边形, 其 中, 任意两个拼接在一起的所述第二导电元件通过各自的一个顶角互相 拼接。
优选的, 所述多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件采用与所述第一导电 部件相同或相似的图形排列; 和 /或, 所述多个发电机单元的第二摩擦元 件采用与第二导电部件相同或相似的图形排列。
优选的, 多个所述发电机单元的第一导电元件按照阵列方式排列, 相邻第一导电元件之间通过导电互连相互电连接形成阵列型第一导电 部件; 和 /或, 多个所述发电机单元的第二导电元件按照阵列方式排列, 相邻第二导电元件之间通过导电互连相互电连接形成阵列型第二导电 部件。
优选的, 所述第一导电元件和 /或第二导电元件为长条形导电元件。 优选的, 所述所有发电机单元的第一导电元件沿着长度方向平行排 列形成所述阵列型第一导电部件, 相邻所述第一导电元件之间通过至少 一个导电互连连接; 和 /或, 所述所有发电机单元的第二导电元件沿着长 度方向平行排列形成所述阵列型第二导电部件, 相邻所述第二导电元件 之间通过至少一个导电互连连接。
优选的, 所述多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件采用与所述第一导电 部件相同或相似的阵列排列方式排列; 和 /或, 所述多个发电机单元的第 二摩擦元件采用与第二导电部件相同或相似的阵列排列方式排列。
优选的, 所述所有发电机单元的第一摩擦元件的下表面在同一平面; 和 /或, 所有发电机单元的第二摩擦元件的上表面在同一平面。
优选的, 所述所有发电机单元的第一摩擦元件的上表面在同一平面; 和 /或所述所有发电机单元的第二摩擦元件的下表面在同一平面。
优选的, 所述所有发电机单元的第一导电元件的上表面在同一平面; 和 /或, 所述所有发电机单元的第二导电元件的下表面在同一平面。
优选的, 相邻的发电机单元的第一摩擦元件之间还填充有第一介质 层;和 /或,相邻的发电机单元的第二摩擦元件之间还填充有第二介质层; 其中, 所述第一介质层的下表面或第二介质层的上表面的位置不影 响所述相邻的发电机单元在外力作用下第一摩擦元件与第二摩擦元件 的相对滑动。
优选的, 所述所有发电机单元的第一摩擦元件组成的图形与第一介 质层图形形成互补图形; 和 /或, 所述所有发电机单元的第二摩擦元件组 成的图形与第二介质层图形形成互补图形。
优选的,所述第一介质层和 /或第二介质层的材料选自摩擦电极序介 于构成发电机单元的第一摩擦元件和第二摩擦元件材料电极序之间的 材料。
优选的,所述第一摩擦元件的下表面和 /或第二摩擦元件的上表面为 绝缘材料或半导体材料。
优选的, 所述绝缘材料选自聚四氟乙烯、 聚二甲基硅氧垸、 聚酰亚 胺、 苯胺甲醛树脂、 聚甲醛、 乙基纤维素、 聚酰胺、 三聚氰胺甲醛、 聚 乙二醇丁二酸酯、 纤维素、 纤维素乙酸酯、 聚己二酸乙二醇酯、 聚邻苯 二甲酸二烯丙酯、 再生纤维海绵、 聚氨酯弹性体、 苯乙烯丙烯共聚物、 苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物、 人造纤维、 聚甲基, 甲基丙烯酸酯、 聚乙烯醇、 聚酯、 聚异丁烯、 聚氨酯柔性海绵、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚乙烯醇 缩丁醛、 酚醛树脂、 氯丁橡胶、 丁二烯丙烯共聚物、 天然橡胶、 聚丙烯 腈、 聚 (偏氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈)、 聚乙烯丙二酚碳酸盐, 聚苯乙烯、 聚甲基 丙烯酸甲酯、 聚碳酸酯、 液晶高分子聚合物、 聚氯丁二烯、 聚丙烯腈、 聚双苯酚碳酸酯、聚氯醚、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯。
优选的, 所述的半导体材料选自硅、 锗、 第 III和第 V族化合物、 第 II和第 VI族化合物、 由 III- V族化合物和 II -VI族化合物组成的固溶体、 非晶态的玻璃半导体和有机半导体。
优选的, 所述第一摩擦元件和 /或第二摩擦元件为非导电氧化物、半 导体氧化物或复杂氧化物, 包括氧化硅、 氧化铝, 氧化锰、 氧化铬、 氧 化铁、 氧化钛、 氧化铜、 氧化锌、 Bi02或 Υ203
优选的, 所述第一摩擦元件或第二摩擦元件采用金属材料、 导电氧 化物材料或导电高分子材料, 所述金属包括金、 银、 铂、 铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以及由上述金属形成的合金。
优选的,所述第一摩擦元件下表面和 /或第二摩擦元件的上表面分布 有微米或次微米量级的微结构。
优选的, 所述微结构选自纳米线, 纳米管, 纳米颗粒, 纳米沟槽、 微米沟槽, 纳米锥、 微米锥、 纳米球和微米球状结构。
优选的,所述第一摩擦元件的上表面和 /或第二摩擦元件的下表面经 过化学改性, 使得在极性为正的材料表面引入容易失去电子的官能团和 /或在极性为负的材料表面引入容易得到电子的官能团。
优选的, 所述容易失去电子的官能团包括氨基、 羟基或垸氧基; 和 /或, 容易得到电子的官能团包括酰基、 羧基、 硝基或磺酸基。 优选的,所述第一摩擦元件下表面和 /或第二摩擦元件的上表面经过 化学改性,使得在极性为正的材料表面引入正电荷和 /或在极性为负的材 料表面引入负电荷。
优选的, 所述发电机单元的第一导电元件、 第一摩擦元件、 第二摩 擦元件和 /或第二导电元件为薄膜。
优选的,所述第一导电部件上表面和 /或所述第二导电部件下表面还 包括柔性或硬性基板。
本发明还一个一种滑动摩擦发电装置, 包括若干个如上所述的发电 机组, 所述发电机组之间形成串联和 /或并联。
优选的, 多个发动机组为上下堆叠结构, 上下相邻两个发动机组之 间插入一个隔离层, 用于将在上的发动机组的第二导电部件和在下的发 动机组的第一导电部件隔离。
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有的有益效果是:
本发明提供的滑动摩擦纳米发电机组中, 将多个发电机单元通过第 一导电部件和第二导电部件进行并联, 通过设计图形化的第一导电部件 和 /或第二导电部件可以获得较高的输出功率。
本发明的发电机组中的发电机单元的层状结构设计无需大规模、 高 强度的能量输入, 仅需输入的机械能能够驱动发电机元件的第一摩擦元 件和第二摩擦元件之间的相对滑动, 即可使发电机组产生电能。 因此可 有效收集自然界和人们日常生活中产生的各种强度的机械能, 并将其转 化为电能, 为小型用电器提供电源, 是一种使用方便的发电机组。
在相邻的发电机单元的第一摩擦元件或第二摩擦元件之间填充介 质材料, 可以在不影响发电机单元工作的前提下有效保护发电机单元的 第一摩擦元件或第二摩擦元件, 有利于延长发电机组的寿命。
本发明的发电机组不仅能作为小型功率源, 还可以将多个发动机组 进行串联或并联形成更高输出功率的发电设备, 用于大功率发电。 附图说明 通过附图所示,本发明的上述及其它目的、特征和优势将更加清晰。 在全部附图中相同的附图标记指示相同的部分。 并未刻意按实际尺寸等 比例缩放绘制附图, 重点在于示出本发明的主旨。
图 1为滑动摩擦发电机组的结构示意图;
图 2为滑动摩擦发电机组的发电原理示意图;
图 3为网格状导电部件的网格示意图;
图 4为网格状图形中的网格为四边形的网格示意图;
图 5为发滑动摩擦电机组第一实施例的立体结构示意图;
图 6为第一实施例的发电机单元中各部分的平面图形示意图; 图 7为发滑动摩擦电机组第二实施例的立体结构示意图;
图 8为第二实施例的发电机单元中各部分的平面图形示意图; 图 9为发滑动摩擦电机组第三实施例的立体结构示意图;
图 10和 11为第三实施例的发电机单元中各部分的平面图形示意图。
具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案 进行清楚、 完整地描述。 显然, 所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施 例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人 员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发 明保护的范围。
其次, 本发明结合示意图进行详细描述, 在详述本发明实施例时, 为便于说明,所述示意图只是示例,其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种能够将运动、 振动等自然存在的机械能转化为电能 的滑动摩擦纳米发电机组, 能够为微型电子器件提供匹配的电源。 本发 明的滑动摩擦纳米发电机组利用了在摩擦电极序中存在极性差异的材 料接触时产生表面电荷转移的现象, 发电机单元将外力的机械能转化为 电能, 并且将多个发电机单元进行并联, 获得足够的电能输出。 本发明中所述的 "摩擦电极序", 是指根据材料对电荷的吸引程度 将其进行的排序, 两种材料在相互摩擦的瞬间, 在摩擦面上负电荷从摩 擦电极序中极性较正的材料表面转移至摩擦电极序中极性较负的材料 表面。 迄今为止, 还没有一种统一的理论能够完整的解释电荷转移的机 制, 一般认为, 这种电荷转移和材料的表面功函数相关, 通过电子或者 离子在接触面上的转移而实现电荷转移。 需要说明的是, 摩擦电极序只 是一种基于经验的统计结果, 即两种材料在该序列中相差越远, 接触后 所产生电荷的正负性和该序列相符合的几率就越大, 而且实际的结果受 到多种因素的影响, 比如材料表面粗糙度、 环境湿度和是否有相对摩擦 本发明中所述的 "接触电荷", 是指在两种摩擦电极序极性存在差 异的材料在接触摩擦并分离后其表面所带有的电荷, 一般认为, 该电荷 只分布在材料的表面,分布最大深度不过约为 10纳米。需要说明的是, 接触电荷的符号是净电荷的符号, 即在带有正接触电荷的材料表面的局 部地区可能存在负电荷的聚集区域, 但整个表面净电荷的符号为正。
下面结合附图详细介绍本发明的技术方案。
本发明的滑动摩擦纳米发电机组, 参见图 1的滑动摩擦发电机组的 结构示意图, 包括多个发电机单元 Ml , 每个发电机单元 Ml 自上向下 依次包括: 第一导电元件 10、 与第一导电元件 10下方接触放置的第一 摩擦元件 20、 与第一摩擦元件 20的下表面至少部分接触放置的第二摩 擦元件 30、 与第二摩擦元件 30下方接触放置的第二导电元件 40; 所有 发电机单元的第一导电元件 10互相电连接形成第一导电部件 100;所有 发电机单元的第二导电元件 40互相电连接形成第二导电部件 200;施加 的外力使多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 20和第二摩擦元件 30发生相 对滑动摩擦、并且导致接触面积发生变化时,能够通过第一导电部件 100 和第二导电部件 200向外电路输出电信号。
具体地, 发电机组中, 所有发电机单元的第一导电元件 10可以通 过导电互连 50互相电连接形成第一导电部件 100,也可以通过相邻的第 一导电元件直接拼接在一起实现电连接; 所有发电机单元的第二导电元 件 40可以通过导电互连 60互相电连接形成第二导电部件 200, 也可以 通过相邻的第二导电元件直接拼接在一起实现电连接。
下面结合图 1的滑动摩擦纳米发电机组的结构示意图来描述本发明 的发电原理。 参见图 2, 以发电机组中一个发电机单元 Ml 的发电过程 为例,在有外力 F使发电机单元 Ml的第一摩擦元件 20的下表面与第二 摩擦元件 30的上表面发生相对滑动摩擦时, 由于第一摩擦元件 20的下 表面材料与第二摩擦元件 30 的上表面材料在摩擦电极序中存在差异, 引发表面电荷转移(参见图 2 (a)) , 为了屏蔽由于错位而残留在第一摩 擦元件 20和第二摩擦元件 30中表面电荷所形成的电场, 第一导电元件 10中的自由电子就会通过外电路流到第二导电元件 40上, 从而产生一 外电流 (参见图 2 (b) )。 当反方向施加外力 F时, 第一摩擦元件 20或 第二摩擦元件 30 的相对滑动错位消失, 两导电元件恢复原状, 第二导 电元件 21中的电子流回第一导电元件 10, 从而给出一相反方向的外电 流。 对于图 1中包括多个发电机单元 Ml的发电机组, 对于重复周期很 多的如图 1中所示的周期性结构, 在外力的作用下, 第一导电部件 100 相对于第二导电部件 200滑移的距离是周期结构的一个周期 (例如相邻 发电机单元之间的距离), 汇集在第一导电部件 100 的电子将流回第二 导电部件。 对本发明的滑动摩擦纳米发电机组施加周期性的外力时, 可 以在第一导电部件和第二导电部件之间形成交流脉冲信号输出。
本发明的滑动摩擦发电机组中, 所有发电机单元的第一导电元件互 相电连接形成第一导电部件, 所有发电机单元的第二导电元件互相电连 接形成第二导电部件, 因此, 发电机组中多个发电机单元之间为并联, 这样的发电机组可以获得高的输出功率。通过设计第一导电部件和 /或第 二导电部件的图形, 施加的外力无论来自哪个方向, 发电机组都可以有 功率输出。
本发明中,发电机组的第一导电部件和 /或第二导电部件为图形化导 电部件, 具体的, 多个所述发电机单元的第一导电元件的边缘或顶角互 相拼接形成存在镂空的网格状第一导电部件; 和 /或, 多个所述发电机单 元的第二导电元件的边缘或顶角互相拼接形成存在镂空的网格状第二 导电部件。
这里所述的第一导电部件(或第二导电部件) 的网格状图形可以参 见图 3, 多个发电机单元的第一导电元件 (或第二导电元件) Al、 A2、 A3、A4…互相拼接形成存在镂空的网格图形 M,每个导电元件 A1、A2、 A3、 A4〜 (图中阴影部分) 占据一个网格, 网格图形 M中存在由多个 导电元件的边缘连接形成的镂空区域 B (图中无阴影部分)。具体的, 多 个第一导电元件 (或第二导电元件) 的边缘或顶角互相拼接形成存在镂 空的网格状第一导电部件, 例如图 3中, 导电元件 A1的边缘与导电元 件 A2的边缘互相拼接, 导电元件 A2的一个顶角与导电元件 A4的一个 顶角互相拼接, 互相拼接的导电元件 Al、 A2、 A3、 A4、 A5 的边缘连 接形成镂空区域8。
本发明中, 所述网格的格子形状可以选自等边三角形、 正方形、 长 方形、等边五边形、等边六边形、圆形和不规则多边形等图形。具体为, 每个第一导电元件 (或第二导电元件) 在其占据的网络格子的平面投影 为等边三角形、 正方形、 长方形、 等边五边形、 等边六边形、 圆形和不 规则多边形等图形。
本发明的发电机组中, 只需要保证施加的外力使多个发电机单元的 第一摩擦元件和第二摩擦元件同歩发生相对滑动即可, 每个发电机单元 中第一摩擦元件与第二摩擦元件的滑动平面可以不同, 并不限定所有发 电机单元中第一摩擦元件与第二摩擦元件的滑动平面在同一平面内。 优 选地, 如图 1中所示, 所有发电机单元的第一摩擦元件的下表面在同一 平面; 和 /或, 第二摩擦元件的上表面在同一平面。
本发明的发电机组中, 优选地, 如图 1中所示, 所有发电机单元的 第一摩擦元件的上表面在同一平面; 和 /或, 所有发电机单元的第二摩擦 元件的下表面在同一平面。
本发明的发电机组中, 优选地, 如图 1中所示, 所有发电机单元的 第一导电元件的上表面在同一平面; 和 /或, 所有发电机单元的第二摩擦 层的下表面在同一平面。
优选的, 发电机单元的第一摩擦元件的上表面材料和第二摩擦元件 的下表面材料之间存在摩擦电极序差异。
优选的, 发电机单元的第一摩擦元件的材料和第二摩擦元件的材料 之间存在摩擦电极序差异。
虽然摩擦起电的现象早已被人们所认识, 本领域对能够发生摩擦起 电的材料种类也有共识, 往往我们知道的是摩擦可以起静电, 但是对于 利用滑动摩擦进行发电并将其器件化则是本发明首次提出的。 通过本发 明上面提供的工作原理, 本领域的技术人员能够清楚地认识到滑动摩擦 纳米发电机的工作方式, 从而能够了解构成发电机组的发电机单元中各 部件材料的选择原则。 以下给出适用本发明中所有技术方案的各部件材 料的可选择范围, 在实际应用时可以根据实际需要具体选择, 从而达到 调控发电机组输出性能的目的。
同一发电机单元 Ml中的第一摩擦元件 20和第二摩擦元件 30分别 由具有不同摩擦电特性的材料组成, 所述的不同摩擦电特性意味着二者 在摩擦电极序中处于不同的位置, 从而使得二者在发生摩擦的过程中能 够在表面产生接触电荷。 常规的高分子聚合物都具有摩擦电特性, 均可 以作为制备本发明第一摩擦元件 20和第二摩擦元件 30的材料, 此处列 举一些常用的高分子聚合物材料: 聚四氟乙烯, 聚二甲基硅氧垸, 聚酰 亚胺薄膜、 苯胺甲醛树脂薄膜、 聚甲醛薄膜、 乙基纤维素薄膜、 聚酰胺 薄膜、 三聚氰胺甲醛薄膜、 聚乙二醇丁二酸酯薄膜、 纤维素薄膜、 纤维 素乙酸酯薄膜、 聚己二酸乙二醇酯薄膜、 聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯薄膜、 再生纤维海绵薄膜、 聚氨酯弹性体薄膜、 苯乙烯丙烯共聚物薄膜、 苯乙 烯丁二烯共聚物薄膜、人造纤维薄膜、聚甲基薄膜,甲基丙烯酸酯薄膜、 聚乙烯醇薄膜、 聚酯薄膜、 聚异丁烯薄膜、 聚氨酯柔性海绵薄膜、 聚对 苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛薄膜、 酚醛树脂薄膜、 氯丁橡 胶薄膜、 丁二烯丙烯共聚物薄膜、 天然橡胶薄膜、 聚丙烯腈薄膜、 聚 (偏 氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈)薄膜或聚乙烯丙二酚碳酸盐薄膜, 聚苯乙烯、 聚甲基 丙烯酸甲酯、 聚碳酸酯或液晶高分子聚合物、 聚氯丁二烯、 聚丙烯腈、 聚双苯酚碳酸酯、聚氯醚、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯。 限于篇幅的原因, 并不能对所有可能的材料进行穷举, 此处仅列出几种 具体的聚合物材料从人们参考, 但是显然这些具体的材料并不能成为本 发明保护范围的限制性因素, 因为在发明的启示下, 本领域的技术人员 根据这些材料所具有的摩擦电特性很容易选择其他类似的材料。
相对于绝缘体, 半导体和金属均具有容易失去电子的摩擦电特性, 在摩擦电极序的列表中常位于末尾处。 因此, 半导体和金属也可以作为 制备第一摩擦元件 20或第二摩擦元件 30的原料。常用的半导体包括硅、 锗; 第 III和第 V族化合物, 例如砷化镓、 磷化镓等; 第 II和第 VI族化合 物, 例如硫化镉、 硫化锌等; 以及由 III-V族化合物和 II -VI族化合物组 成的固溶体, 例如镓铝砷、 镓砷磷等。 除上述晶态半导体外, 还有非晶 态的玻璃半导体、 有机半导体等。 非导电性氧化物、 半导体氧化物和复 杂氧化物也具有摩擦电特性, 能够在摩擦过程形成表面电荷, 因此也可 以用来作为本发明的摩擦元件或摩擦元件的表面材料,例如锰、铬、铁、 铜的氧化物, 还包括氧化硅、 氧化锰、 氧化铬、 氧化铁、 氧化铜、 氧化 锌、 Βι02和 Υ203;第一摩擦元件或第二摩擦元件也可以采用金属材料, 常用的金属包括金、 银、 铂、 铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以及由上述金 属形成的合金。 当然, 还可以使用其他具有导电特性的材料充当容易失 去电子的摩擦元件的材料, 例如导电高分子材料、 导电氧化物材料铟锡 氧化物 ΙΤΟ等。
通过实验发现, 当第一摩擦元件 20和第二摩擦元件 30材料的得电 子能力相差越大 (即在摩擦电极序中的位置相差越远) 时, 发电机单元 输出的电信号越强。 所以, 可以根据实际需要, 选择合适的材料来制备 第一摩擦元件 20和第二摩擦元件 30, 以获得更好的输出效果。
按照得电子能力由弱到强的顺序列出摩擦元件可以采用的部分绝 缘材料: 苯胺甲醛树脂、 聚甲醛 1.3-1.4、 乙基纤维素、 聚酰胺 11、 聚酰 胺 6-6、 melanime formoK 羊毛及其编织物、 蚕丝及其织物、 纸、 聚乙 二醇丁二酸酯、 纤维素、 纤维素醋酸酯、 聚乙二醇己二酸酯、 聚邻苯二 甲酸二烯丙酯、 再生纤维素海绵、 棉及其织物、 钢、 聚氨酯弹性体、 苯 乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、 苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、 木头、 硬橡胶、 硫磺、 醋 酸酯、 人造纤维、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 聚乙烯醇、 聚酯 (涤纶)、 聚异 丁烯、 聚氨酯弹性海绵、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、 formo-phenolique(hardened) 丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、 氯丁橡胶、 天然橡 胶、 聚丙烯腈、 聚 (偏氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈)、 聚双酚 A碳酸酯、 聚氯醚、 聚偏二氯乙烯、聚(2,6 - 二甲基聚亚苯基氧化物)、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚二苯基丙垸碳酸酯、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚酰亚胺、 聚 氯乙烯、 聚二甲基硅氧垸、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 聚四氟乙烯。
还可以对发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 20下表面和 /或第二摩擦元件 30上表面进行物理改性,使其表面分布有微米或次微米量级的微结构阵 列, 以增加第一摩擦元件 20与第二摩擦元件 30之间的接触面积, 从而 增大接触电荷量。 具体的改性方法包括光刻蚀、 化学刻蚀和离子体刻蚀 等, 也可以通过纳米材料的点缀或涂层的方式来实现该目的。
还可以对相互接触的第一摩擦元件 20和 /或第二摩擦元件 30的表面 进行化学改性, 能够进一歩提高电荷在接触瞬间的转移量, 从而提高接 触电荷密度和发电机的输出功率。 化学改性又分为如下两种类型:
一种方法是对于相互接触的第一摩擦元件 20和第二摩擦元件 30材 料,在极性为正的材料表面引入更易失电子的官能团(即强给电子团), 或者在极性为负的材料表面引入更易得电子的官能团 (强吸电子团), 都能够进一歩提高电荷在相互滑动时的转移量, 从而提高摩擦电荷密度 和发电机的输出功率。 强给电子团包括: 氨基、 羟基、 垸氧基等; 强吸 电子团包括: 酰基、 羧基、 硝基、 磺酸基等。 官能团的引入可以采用等 离子体表面改性等常规方法。 例如可以使氧气和氮气的混合气在一定功 率下产生等离子体, 从而在基板材料表面引入氨基。
另外一种方法是在极性为正的材料表面引入正电荷, 而在极性为负 的材料表面引入负电荷。 具体可以通过化学键合的方式实现。 例如, 可 以在 PDMS薄膜 (第一摩擦元件)表面利用水解 -缩合(英文简写为 sol-gel) 的方法修饰上正硅酸乙酯(英文简写为 TEOS) , 而使其带负电。 也可以 在金属金薄膜(第二摩擦元件)层上利用金-硫的键结修饰上表面含十六 垸基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB ) 的金纳米粒子, 由于十六垸基三甲基溴化 铵为阳离子, 故会使整个金属金薄膜变成带正电性。 本领域的技术人员 可以根据摩擦元件材料的得失电子性质和表面化学键的种类, 选择合适 的修饰材料与其键合, 以达到本发明的目的, 因此这样的变形都在本发 明的保护范围之内。
本发明并不限定第一摩擦元件 20和第二摩擦元件 30必须是硬质材 料, 也可以选择柔性材料, 因为材料的硬度并不影响二者之间的滑动摩 擦效果, 本领域的技术人员可以根据实际情况进行选择。 第一摩擦元件 20和第二摩擦元件 30的厚度对本发明的实施没有显著影响, 本发明优 选摩擦层为薄膜, 厚度为 100nm-5mm, 优选 1μπι-2πιπι, 更优选 10μπι-800μπι, 更优选 20μπι-500μπι, 这些厚度对本发明中所有的技术方 案都适用。
第一导电元件 10和第二导电元件 40作为发电机单元的两个电极, 只要具备能够导电的特性即可, 可选自金属或导电氧化物, 常用的金属 包括金、 银、 铂、 铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以及由上述金属形成的合 金, 更优选金属片、 箔片或薄膜, 例如铝膜、 金膜、 铜膜; 常用的导电 氧化物包括铟锡氧化物 ΙΤΟ和离子掺杂型的半导体。用于连接发电机单 元的第一导电元件形成第一导电部件的导电互连可以与第一导电元件 的材料相同或不同; 用于连接发电机单元的第二导电元件形成第二导电 部件的导电互连可以与第二导电元件的材料相同或不同。
发电机单元 Ml的第一导电元件 10和第二导电元件 40与外电路连 接的方式可以是通过导线或金属薄膜与外电路连接。
发电机单元的第一导电元件、第一摩擦元件、第二摩擦元件和 /或第 二导电元件为薄膜。
为了保证本实施例中发电机组的机械强度, 可以在第一导电部件上 表面和 /或第二导电部件的下表面接触设置基板。根据发电机组的应用要 求, 所述的基板可以为柔性或硬性材料, 例如塑料板或硅片等。
实施例一:
本实施例中,发电机组的存在镂空的网格状第一导电部件和 /或存在 镂空的网格状第二导电部件的网格的格子形状为四变形, 任意两个拼接 在一起的所述第一导电元件通过各自的一个顶角互相拼接; 和 /或, 所述 网格状第二导电部件的网格中的格子为四边形, 其中, 任意两个拼接在 一起的所述第二导电元件通过各自的一个顶角互相拼接。 优选的, 这里 多个导电元件的边缘连接形成的镂空区域也为四边形。 参见图 4的网格 状第一导电部件 (或第二导电部件) N, 由四边形的第一导电元件 (或 第二导电元件) Cl、 C2、 C3-互相拼接形成, 其中, 导电元件 C1的一 个顶角与导电元件 C2的一个顶角拼接在一起,导电元件 C2的另一个顶 角与导电元件 C3 的一个顶角拼接在一起, 多个导电元件的边缘连接形 成的镂空区域 D也为四边形。 其它元件也以同样的方式拼接在一起。
本实施例中以发电机单元的第一导电元件和第二导电元件采用相 同的图形为例, 说明本实施例中发电机组的结构。 优选的, 多个发电机 单元的第一导电元件互相按照棋盘格子图形拼接形成第一导电部件, 多 个发电机单元的第二导电元件互相按照棋盘格子图形拼接形成第二导 电部件。 参见图 5中的发电机组的立体结构示意图和图 6中的发电机单 元中各部分的平面图形示意图, 其中, 每个发电机单元的第一导电元件 11占据第一导电部件 101棋盘格子图形中的一个格子,任意两个拼接在 一起的第一导电元件通过各自的一个顶角互相拼接(参见图 6 (a)); 每 个发电机单元的第二导电元件 41 占据第二导电部件 201棋盘格子图形 中的一个格子, 任意两个拼接在一起的第二导电元件通过各自的一个顶 角互相拼接(参见图 6 (d))。 在这样的发电机组中, 发电机单元的第一 导电元件互相直接电连接形成第一导电部件, 不需要另外的导线互连; 发电机单元的第二导电元件互相直接电连接形成第二导电部件, 不需要 另外的导线互连。
相应于发电机组的第一导电部件 101和第二导电部件 201,优选的, 多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 21采用与第一导电部件 101相同或相 似的图形排列, 优选的, 每个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 21 占据棋盘 格子图形中的一个格子, 任意两个拼接在一起的第一摩擦元件 21 通过 各自的一个顶角互相拼接(参见图 6 (b))。 多个发电机单元的第二摩擦 元件 31采用与第二导电部件 201相同或相似的图形排列, 优选的, 每 个发电机单元的第二摩擦元件 31 占据棋盘格子图形中的一个格子, 任 意两个拼接在一起的第二摩擦元件 31通过各自的一个顶角互相拼接 (参 见图 6 (c))。
为了保证本实施例中发电机组的机械强度, 可以在第一导电部件上 表面和 /或第二导电部件的下表面接触设置柔性或硬性基板,优选为绝缘 材料或半导体材料, 例如塑料板或硅片等。
本实施例的发电机组, 无论施加的外力使发电机单元的第一摩擦元 件 21与第二摩擦元件 31之间向哪个方向滑动, 都可以导致第一摩擦元 件 21与第二摩擦元件 31的接触面积发生变化, 发电机组的第一导电部 件和第二导电部件之间都可以有功率输出。
下面列出一个包括 25 个发电机单元的发电机组, 其中, 发电机单 元的第一导电元件采用厚度为 lmm、 尺寸为 lcmX lcm的金属铜薄片, 第一摩擦元件采用厚度为 0.2cm、 尺寸为 lcmX lcm的特富龙 (聚四氟 乙烯) 薄膜, 第二摩擦元件采用厚度为 0.2cm、 尺寸为 lcmX lcm的聚 乙二醇己二酸酯薄膜,第二导电元件采用厚度为 1mm、尺寸为 lcmX lcm 的金属铝膜。 25个发电机单元的 25个金属铝薄片 (第二导电元件) 按 照棋盘格子图形 (参见图 6 ( d) ) 排列形成第二导电部件, 25个聚乙二 醇己二酸酯薄膜 (第二摩擦元件) 在第二导电部件上按照与第二导电部 件相同的图形进行排列, 每个聚乙二醇己二酸酯薄膜上放置一个特富龙 薄膜 (第一摩擦元件), 使每个聚乙二醇己二酸酯薄膜的上表面与特富 龙薄膜的下表面至少部分接触, 在每个特富龙薄膜上表面放置一个金属 铜薄片, 使 25 个金属铜薄片按照与第二导电部件相同的图形排列形成 第一导电部件, 并且 25个金属铜薄片完全覆盖在 25个特富龙薄膜的上 表面形成滑动摩擦纳米发电机组, 其中, 25个金属铜薄片按照棋盘格子 图形 (参见图 6 (a) ) 排列形成第一导电部件。 金属铜薄片的下表面与 特富龙薄膜的上表面之间可以采用导电胶等材料进行粘贴固定; 金属铝 薄片的上表面与聚乙二醇己二酸酯薄膜的上表面之间可以采用导电胶 等材料进行粘贴固定。
特富龙 (聚四氟乙烯) 和聚乙二醇己二酸酯在摩擦电极序中分别具 有极负和极正的极性, 在金属铝薄片和金属铜薄片引出导线后, 在平均 速率为 0.3米 /秒在任意平行于特富龙薄膜和聚乙二醇己二酸酯薄膜的滑 动平面的方向互相平行摩擦滑动时, 发电机组的第一导电部件和第二导 电部件之间产生短路电流输出, 表明发电机组在外力作用下可以将机械 能转变为电信号。
本实施例中, 发电机组的第一导电部件和第二导电部件的网格图形 可以不同。
本实施例中,每个发电机单元的第一导电元件尺寸和 /或形状可以完 全相同, 即棋盘格子图形化的第一导电部件中, 并不限定每个棋盘格子 的尺寸和形状相同, 只要是近似棋盘格子图形的第一导电部件都在本发 明的保护范围内。 优选的, 每个发电机单元的第一导电元件尺寸和形状 完全相同。
相似地, 第二导电部件的棋盘格子图形并不限定每个棋盘格子的尺 寸和形状相同, 只要是近似棋盘格子图形的第二导电部件都在本发明的 保护范围内。 优选的, 每个发电机单元的第二导电元件尺寸和形状完全 相同。
相似地, 同一个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件、 第二摩擦元件的形状 和尺寸也可以不同。 不同发电机单元的尺寸和形状也可以不同。 实施例二:
本实施例中,发电机组的第一导电部件和 /或第二导电部件为网格状 导电部件, 具体可以为阵列型导电部件。 本实施例的发电机组中, 多个 发电机单元的第一导电元件按照阵列方式排列, 相邻第一导电元件之间 通过导电互连电连接形成阵列型第一导电部件; 和 /或, 多个发电机单元 的第二导电元件按照阵列方式排列, 相邻第二导电元件之间通过导电互 连电连接形成阵列型第二导电部件。
阵列型导电部件的形状可以有多种选择, 其中, 阵列单元 (即第一 或第二导电元件)占据阵列图形中的形状可以为长方形、正方形、圆形、 三角形等, 也可以为不规则的图形; 阵列单元的排列方式也可以按照长 方形、 正方形、 圆形、 三角形等, 也可以为不规则图形的方式排列。 下 面以一个具体的例子说明本实施例发电机组的结构。
以每个发电机单元的第一导电元件和第二导电元件采用相同的形 状为例, 说明本实施例中发电机组的结构。 参见图 7 (发电机组的立体 结构示意图)和图 8 (发电机单元中各部分的平面图形示意图), 发电机 组包括多个发电机单元, 其中, 每个发电机单元的第一导电元件 12 和 第二导电元件 42 均为长条形元件, 多个发电机单元的第一导电元件沿 着长度方向平行排列, 相邻的第一导电元件 12 之间通过至少一个导电 互连 52连接形成发电机组的阵列型第一导电部件 102 (参见图 8 (a) ) ; 多个发电机单元的第二导电元件沿着长度方向平行排列, 相邻的第二导 电元件 42之间通过至少一个导电互连 62连接形成发电机组的阵列型第 二导电部件 202 (参见图 8 (d))。 导电互连 52和 62可以为导线、 导电 薄膜或带等。
相应于发电机组的第一导电部件 102和第二导电部件 202,优选的, 每个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 22 均为长条形, 多个发电机单元的第 一摩擦元件 22采用与第一导电部件 102相同的图形排列(参见图 8(b))。 优选的, 每个发电机单元的第二摩擦元件 32 均为长条形, 多个发电机 单元的第二摩擦元件 32采用与第二导电部件 202相同的图形排列 (参 见图 8 (c))。
发电机组中, 第一导电部件 102中相邻两个第一导电元件 12之间 通过两个导电互连 52实现电连接, 优选的, 两个导电互连 52连接在靠 近第一导电元件两端的位置。 优选的, 第一导电部件中的导电互连的材 料、形状和 /或尺寸均相同。第二导电部件 202中相邻两个第二导电元件 42之间通过两个导电互连 62实现电连接, 优选的, 两个导电互连 52连 接在靠近第二导电元件两端的位置。 优选的, 第二导电部件中的导电互 连的材料、 形状和 /或尺寸均相同。
相应于发电机组的第一导电部件 102和第二导电部件 202, 多个发 电机单元的第一摩擦元件可以采用与第一导电部件 102相同或相似的图 形排列。 优选的, 多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 22 为上表面与第一 导电元件 12 的下表面形状和尺寸相同的长条形元件, 采用与第一导电 部件 102相同或相似的阵列排列方式排列(参见图 8 (b))。 多个发电机 单元的第二摩擦元件可以采用与第二导电部件 202相同或相似的图形排 列。 优选的, 多个发电机单元的第二摩擦元件 31 为下表面与第二导电 元件 42 的上表面形状和尺寸相同的长条形元件, 采用与第二导电部件 201相同或相似的阵列排列方式排列 (参见图 8 (c) ) o
为了保证本发电机组的机械强度, 可以在第一导电部件上表面和 / 或第二导电部件的下表面接触设置基板, 优选为绝缘材料或半导体材料, 例如塑料板或硅片等。
本实施例的发电机组, 施加的外力方向优选为垂直于第一导电元件 长度方向, 使发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 22与第二摩擦元件 32之间进 行滑动, 并且导致接触面积发生变化时, 发电机组的第一导电部件和第 二导电部件之间有最大功率输出。
下面列出一个包括 5个发电机单元的发电机组, 其中, 发电机单元 的第一导电元件采用厚度为 lmm、 尺寸为 lcmX 5cm的金属铜薄片, 第 一摩擦元件采用厚度为 lmm、 尺寸为 lcm X 5cm 的聚二甲基硅氧垸 (PDMS ) 薄膜, 第二摩擦元件采用厚度为 0.5mm、 尺寸为 lcmX 5cm 的硅片,第二导电元件采用厚度为 lmm、尺寸为 lcmX 5cm的金属铝膜。 5个发电机单元的 5个金属铝薄片 (第二导电元件) 按照长度方向平行 排列 (参见图 6 (d)), 相邻的金属铝薄片之间通过两个厚度为 lmm、 尺寸为 lcmX 2mm金属带 (导电互连) 连接形成第二导电部件。 5个发 电机单元的 5个金属铜薄片(第一导电元件)按照长度方向平行排列(参 见图 6 (a) ) , 相邻的金属铜薄片之间通过两个金属厚度为 lmm、 尺寸 为 lcmX 2mm金属带 (导电互连) 连接形成第一导电部件。 在 PDMS 薄膜的表面上采用电感耦合等离子体刻蚀方法制备纳米棒阵列, 具体歩 骤为:在 PDMS薄膜表面用溅射仪沉积约 10纳米厚的金,之后,将 PDMS 薄膜放入电感耦合等离子体刻蚀机中, 对沉积有金的表面进行刻蚀, 通 入 02、 Ar和 CF4气体, 流量分别控制在 10sccm、 15sccm和 30sccm, 压强控制在 15mTorr, 工作温度控制在 55°C, 用 400瓦的功率来产生等 离子体, 100瓦的功率来加速等离子体, 进行约 5分钟的刻蚀, 得到基 本垂直于 PDMS薄膜表面的长度约为 1.5微米的 PDMS纳米棒阵列。在 硅片表面制备微米或次微米结构的微结构阵列, 具体歩骤为: 在硅片表 面旋转涂覆一层光刻胶, 利用光刻的方法在光刻胶上形成边长在微米或 次微米量级的正方形窗口阵列; 将光刻完成后的基板经过热氢氧化钾的 化学刻蚀, 在窗口处形成金字塔形的凹陷结构阵列。 将 5个制备有纳米 线的 PDMS薄膜表面向上对应放置在第一导电部件的 5个第二导电元件 上,然后将 5个制备有微结构阵列的硅片表面向下对应放置在 5个 PDMS 薄膜上, 最后使第一导电部件的 5个第一导电元件与 5个硅片对应将第 一导电部件放置在器件上形成滑动摩擦纳米发电机组。
第一摩擦元件采用下表面制备有纳米棒阵列的聚二甲基硅氧垸 (PDMS) 薄膜, 第二摩擦元件采用上表面制备有微结构阵列的硅片, 当外力作用在发电机组使相互接触的硅片与 PDMS 薄膜两种材料在外 力作用下发生相对滑动时, 由于 PDMS具有较好的弹性, 其能够进入并 填充硅片表面的凹陷结构, 较平坦表面接触增大了接触面积。
金属铜薄片的下表面与 PDMS 薄膜的上表面之间可以采用导电胶 等材料进行粘贴固定; 金属铝薄片的上表面与硅片的下表面之间可以采 用导电胶等材料进行粘贴固定。
为了保证本发电机组的机械强度, 可以在第一导电部件上表面和 / 或第二导电部件的下表面接触设置柔性或硬性基板, 优选为绝缘材料或 半导体材料, 例如塑料板或硅片等。
硅片和 PDMS薄膜在摩擦电极序中具有不同的摩擦电极序,在金属 铝薄片和金属铜薄片引出导线后, 在垂直于金属铝薄片长度的方向施加 外力,使互相接触的硅片和 PDMS薄膜在平均速率为 0.2米 /秒发生滑动 摩擦时, 发电机组的第一导电部件和第二导电部件之间产生短路电流输 出, 表明发电机组在外力作用下可以将机械能转变为电信号。 实施例三:
本实施例与实施例一或实施例二的区别在于, 滑动摩擦纳米发电机 组中, 相邻的发电机单元的第一摩擦元件之间还填充有第一介质层, 和 /或相邻的发电机单元的第二摩擦元件之间还填充有第二介质层, 其中, 第一介质层的下表面或第二介质层的上表面的位置不影响所述相邻的 发电机单元在外力作用下第一摩擦元件与第二摩擦元件的相对滑动。
参见图 9,滑动摩擦纳米发电机组包括多个发电机单元 Nl、 N2〜, 以发电机单元 Nl为例, 发电机单元自上向下依次包括: 第一导电元件 131、 与第一导电元件 131下方接触放置的第一摩擦元件 231、 与第一摩 擦元件 231的下表面至少部分接触放置的第二摩擦元件 331、 与第二摩 擦元件 331下方接触放置的第二导电元件 431 ; 所有发电机单元的第一 导电元件通过导电互连 53互相电连接形成第一导电部件 103 ;所有发电 机单元的第二导电元件通过导电互连 63 互相电连接形成第二导电部件 203; 施加的外力使多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件和第二摩擦元件同 歩发生相对滑动, 并且导致接触面积发生变化时, 能够通过第一导电部 件 103和第二导电部件 203向外电路输出电信号。 在发电机单元 N1的 第一摩擦元件 231和发电机单元 N2的第一摩擦元件 232之间填充有第 一介质层 70, 第一介质层 70的下表面的位置不影响外力作用下相邻的 发电机单元 N1和 N2中第一摩擦元件与第二摩擦元件的相对滑动。优选 的, 第一介质层 70的厚度不大于第一摩擦元件 231的厚度。
同样, 也可以在发电机单元 N1的第二摩擦元件 331和发电机单元 N2的第二摩擦元件 332之间填充有第二介质层 80,第二介质层 80的上 表面的位置不影响相邻的发电机单元 N1和 N2中在外力作用下第一摩擦 元件与第二摩擦元件的相对滑动。 优选的, 第二介质层 80 的厚度不大 于第二摩擦元件的厚度。
发电机组中也可以同时包括第一介质层和第二介质层, 参见图 9。 第一介质层或第二介质层可以保护发电机单元的第一摩擦元件或第二 摩擦元件, 特别是摩擦元件的边缘, 以保证发电机组中发电机单元的有 效摩擦面积和发电机组的输出功率。
第一介质层和第二介质层的材料可以选择摩擦电极序介于构成发 电机单元的第一摩擦元件材料与第二摩擦元件材料的摩擦电极序之间 的材料。第一介质层和 /或第二介质层的材料可以选为绝缘材料或半导体 材料。 需要说明的是, 第一介质层和第二介质层材料的选择不应限制本 实施例的保护范围。
第一介质层和第二介质层的材料并不必须相同, 二者均可从下述范 围中选择: 聚异丁烯、 聚氨酯弹性海绵、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚乙 烯醇缩丁醛、 丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、 氯丁橡胶、 天然橡胶、 聚丙烯腈、 聚 (:偏氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈:)、 聚双酚 A碳酸酯聚氯醚、 聚偏二氯乙烯和聚 (2,6-二甲基聚亚苯基氧化物)。
显然, 如果发电机组在使用的过程中需要液体、 气体或真空环境, 上述第一介质层和第二介质层也可以是液体或气体, 在必要的情况下也 可以是真空。 需要注意的是, 填充介质的材料应该在摩擦过程中不容易 发生电荷转移。
优选的, 发电机组中, 所有发电机单元的第一摩擦元件组成的图形 与第一介质层图形形成互补图形。
优选的, 发电机组中, 所有发电机单元的第二摩擦元件组成的图形 与第二介质层图形形成互补图形。 以每个发电机单元的第一导电元件和 第二导电元件采用相同的图形为例说明本实施例中发电机组的结构, 图 10为发电机单元中各部分的平面图形示意图,发电机组包括多个发电机 单元, 其中, 每个发电机单元的第一导电元件 14和第二导电元件 44均 为长条形元件, 多个发电机单元的第一导电元件沿着长度方向平行排列, 相邻的第一导电元件 14之间通过至少一个导电互连 54连接形成发电机 组的阵列型第一导电部件 104 (参见图 10 (a) ); 多个发电机单元的第二 导电元件 44沿着长度方向平行排列, 相邻的第二导电元件 44之间通过 至少一个导电互连 64连接形成发电机组的阵列型第二导电部件 204 (参 见图 10 (d))。 导电互连 54和 64可以为导线、 导电薄膜或带等。
相应于发电机组的第一导电部件 104和第二导电部件 204,优选的, 多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 24为上表面与第一导电元件 14的下表 面形状和尺寸相同的长条形元件, 采用与第一导电部件 104相同的阵列 排列方式排列形成第一图形,相邻第一摩擦元件之间包括第一介质层 71, 第一介质层 71与多个第一摩擦元件 24形成的第一图形为互补图形 (参 见图 10 (b) ), 即第一介质层也为长条形, 并且多个第一介质层按照长 度方向平行排列。 优选的, 多个发电机单元的第二摩擦元件 34 为下表 面与第二导电元件 44 的上表面形状和尺寸相同的长条形元件, 采用与 第二导电部件 204相同的阵列排列方式排列形成第二图形, 相邻第二摩 擦元件之间包括第二介质层 81, 第二介质层 81与多个第二摩擦元件 34 形成的第二图形为互补图形(参见图 8 (c) ) ,即第二介质层也为长条形, 并且按照长度方向平行排列。
相似的, 对于网格状导电部件, 以第一导电部件和 /或第二导电部件 为棋盘格子形状为例, 参见图 11 的发电机单元中各部分的平面图形示 意图, 每个发电机单元的第一导电元件 15 占据第一导电部件 105棋盘 格子图形中的一个格子, 任意两个拼接在一起的第一导电元件通过各自 的一个顶角互相拼接 (参见图 11 (a) ) ; 每个发电机单元的第二导电元 件 45 占据第二导电部件 205棋盘格子图形中的一个格子, 任意两个拼 接在一起的第二导电元件通过各自的一个顶角互相拼接(参见图 ll (d))。
相应于发电机组的第一导电部件 105和第二导电部件 205,优选的, 多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 25采用与第一导电部件 105相同或相 似的图形排列, 优选的, 每个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件 25 占据棋盘 格子图形中的一个格子, 任意两个拼接在一起的第一摩擦元件 21 通过 各自的一个顶角互相拼接, 未被第一摩擦元件 25 占据的棋盘格子被第 一介质层 72填充, 第一介质层 72与多个第一摩擦元件 25形成互补图 形(参见图 11 (b))。 多个发电机单元的第二摩擦元件 35采用与第二导 电部件 205相同或相似的图形排列, 优选的, 每个发电机单元的第二摩 擦元件 35 占据棋盘格子图形中的一个格子, 任意两个拼接在一起的第 二摩擦元件 35通过各自的一个顶角互相拼接, 未被第二摩擦元件 35占 据的棋盘格子被第二介质层 82填充, 第二介质层 82与多个第二摩擦元 件 35形成互补图形 (参见图 11 (c) ) o 优选的, 发电机组中发电机单 元的第一导电元件和 /或第二导电元件为导电薄膜。导电薄膜的材料可以 选自金属或导电氧化物薄膜, 优选为采用印刷或喷镀方法制备在摩擦元 件表面的薄膜。 本领域的技术人员能够预测到改变多个发电机组中多个发电机单 元的尺寸、 形状、 排列方式等, 以及同一个发电机单元中第一或第二摩 擦元件图案的搭配、各部分表面不平整图案的设置、第一介质层和 /或第 二介质层的图形和材料也是可以根据实际情况进行选择的, 因此这些图 案设计和变形都在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明所有实施例的摩擦纳米发电机的各部分的制备方法可以采 用现有的半导体材料制备技术, 在这里不做特别说明。
相应的, 本发明还提供一种滑动摩擦发电装置, 包括若干个前述实 施例所述的发电机组, 所述发电机组之间形成串联和 /或并联。这样结构 的发电装置可以获得比单个发电机组更高的输出功率。
优选的, 多个发动机组为上下堆叠结构, 上下相邻两个发动机组之 间插入一个隔离层, 用于将在上的发动机组的第二导电部件和在下的发 动机组的第一导电部件隔离。 上下相邻两个发动机组的串联或并联通过 导线连接相应的导电部件来实现。 所述的隔离层可以为柔性或硬性材料, 优选为绝缘材料, 例如 Si02、 绝缘有机物等材料。
以上所述, 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非对本发明作任何形 式上的限制。 任何熟悉本领域的技术人员, 在不脱离本发明技术方案范 围情况下, 都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出 许多可能的变动和修饰, 或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。 因此, 凡是 未脱离本发明技术方案的内容, 依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所 做的任何简单修改、 等同变化及修饰, 均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的 范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种滑动摩擦纳米发电机组, 其特征在于, 包括多个发电机单 元, 所述发电机单元自上向下依次包括:
第一导电元件;
与所述第一导电元件下方接触放置的第一摩擦元件;
与所述第一摩擦元件的下表面至少部分接触放置的第二摩擦元件; 与所述第二摩擦元件下方接触放置的第二导电元件;
所有发电机单元的第一导电元件互相电连接形成第一导电部件; 所 有发电机单元的第二导电元件互相电连接形成第二导电部件;
施加的外力使多个所述发电机单元的第一摩擦元件的下表面和所 述第二摩擦元件的上表面发生相对滑动摩擦、 并且导致接触面积发生变 化时, 能够通过所述第一导电部件和第二导电部件向外电路输出电信号。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述第一摩擦 元件的上表面材料和所述第二摩擦元件的下表面材料之间存在摩擦电 极序差异。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 多个所述 发电机单元的第一导电元件的边缘或顶角互相拼接形成存在镂空的网 格状第一导电部件; 和 /或
多个所述发电机单元的第二导电元件的边缘或顶角互相拼接形成 存在镂空的网格状第二导电部件。
4、 根据权利要求 3 所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述网格状第 一导电部件和 /或第二导电部件的网格的格子形状选自等边三角形、正方 形、 长方形、 等边五边形、 等边六边形、 圆形和不规则多边形。
5、 根据权利要求 3 所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述网格状第 一导电部件的网格中的格子为四边形, 其中, 任意两个拼接在一起的所 述第一导电元件通过各自的一个顶角互相拼接; 和 /或
所述网格状第二导电部件的网格中的格子图形为四边形, 其中, 任 意两个拼接在一起的所述第二导电元件通过各自的一个顶角互相拼接。
6、根据权利要求 3-5任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述多 个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件采用与所述第一导电部件相同或相似的 图形排列; 和 /或
所述多个发电机单元的第二摩擦元件采用与第二导电部件相同或 相似的图形排列。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 多个所述 发电机单元的第一导电元件按照阵列方式排列, 相邻第一导电元件之间 通过导电互连相互电连接形成阵列型第一导电部件; 和 /或
多个所述发电机单元的第二导电元件按照阵列方式排列, 相邻第二 导电元件之间通过导电互连相互电连接形成阵列型第二导电部件。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述第一导电 元件和 /或第二导电元件为长条形导电元件。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述所有发电 机单元的第一导电元件沿着长度方向平行排列形成所述阵列型第一导 电部件, 相邻所述第一导电元件之间通过至少一个导电互连连接; 和 / 或
所述所有发电机单元的第二导电元件沿着长度方向平行排列形成 所述阵列型第二导电部件, 相邻所述第二导电元件之间通过至少一个导 电互连连接。
10、 根据权利要求 7-9任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 多个发电机单元的第一摩擦元件采用与所述第一导电部件相同或相似 的阵列排列方式排列; 和 /或
所述多个发电机单元的第二摩擦元件采用与第二导电部件相同或 相似的阵列排列方式排列。
11、 根据权利要求 1 -10 任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所 述所有发电机单元的第一摩擦元件的下表面在同一平面; 和 /或
所有发电机单元的第二摩擦元件的上表面在同一平面。
12、 根据权利要求 11 所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述所有发 电机单元的第一摩擦元件的上表面在同一平面; 和 /或
所述所有发电机单元的第二摩擦元件的下表面在同一平面。
13、 根据权利要求 11或 12所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述所 有发电机单元的第一导电元件的上表面在同一平面; 和 /或
所述所有发电机单元的第二导电元件的下表面在同一平面。
14、根据权利要求 1-13任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 相邻 的发电机单元的第一摩擦元件之间还填充有第一介质层; 和 /或
相邻的发电机单元的第二摩擦元件之间还填充有第二介质层; 其中, 所述第一介质层的下表面或第二介质层的上表面的位置不影 响所述相邻的发电机单元在外力作用下第一摩擦元件与第二摩擦元件 的相对滑动。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述所有发 电机单元的第一摩擦元件组成的图形与第一介质层图形形成互补图形; 和 /或
所述所有发电机单元的第二摩擦元件组成的图形与第二介质层图 形形成互补图形。
16、 根据权利要求 14或 15所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述第 一介质层和 /或第二介质层的材料选自摩擦电极序介于构成发电机单元 的第一摩擦元件和第二摩擦元件材料电极序之间的材料。
17、根据权利要求 1-16任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 第一摩擦元件的下表面和 /或第二摩擦元件的上表面为绝缘材料或半导 体材料。
18、 根据权利要求 17 所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述绝缘材 料选自聚四氟乙烯、 聚二甲基硅氧垸、 聚酰亚胺、 苯胺甲醛树脂、 聚甲 醛、 乙基纤维素、聚酰胺、三聚氰胺甲醛、聚乙二醇丁二酸酯、纤维素、 纤维素乙酸酯、 聚己二酸乙二醇酯、 聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、 再生纤维 海绵、 聚氨酯弹性体、 苯乙烯丙烯共聚物、 苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物、 人造 纤维、 聚甲基, 甲基丙烯酸酯、 聚乙烯醇、 聚酯、 聚异丁烯、 聚氨酯柔 性海绵、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、 酚醛树脂、 氯丁橡 胶、丁二烯丙烯共聚物、天然橡胶、聚丙烯腈、聚 (偏氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈:)、 聚乙烯丙二酚碳酸盐, 聚苯乙烯、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 聚碳酸酯、 液晶 高分子聚合物、 聚氯丁二烯、 聚丙烯腈、 聚双苯酚碳酸酯、 聚氯醚、 聚 偏二氯乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯。
19、 根据权利要求 17 任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 的半导体材料选自硅、锗、第 III和第 V族化合物、第 II和第 VI族化合物、 由 III-V族化合物和 II -VI族化合物组成的固溶体、 非晶态的玻璃半导体 和有机半导体。
20、根据权利要求 1-19任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 第一摩擦元件和 /或第二摩擦元件为非导电氧化物、半导体氧化物或复杂 氧化物, 包括氧化硅、 氧化铝, 氧化锰、 氧化铬、 氧化铁、 氧化钛、 氧 化铜、 氧化锌、 Bi02或 Y203
21、根据权利要求 1-20任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 第一摩擦元件或第二摩擦元件采用金属材料、 导电氧化物材料或导电高 分子材料, 所述金属包括金、 银、 铂、 铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以及 由上述金属形成的合金。
22、根据权利要求 1-21任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 第一摩擦元件下表面和 /或第二摩擦元件的上表面分布有微米或次微米 量级的微结构。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述微结构 选自纳米线, 纳米管, 纳米颗粒, 纳米沟槽、 微米沟槽, 纳米锥、 微米 锥、 纳米球和微米球状结构。
24、根据权利要求 1-23任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 第一摩擦元件的上表面和 /或第二摩擦元件的下表面经过化学改性,使得 在极性为正的材料表面引入容易失去电子的官能团和 /或在极性为负的 材料表面引入容易得到电子的官能团。
25、 根据权利要求 24所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述容易失 去电子的官能团包括氨基、 羟基或垸氧基; 和 /或
容易得到电子的官能团包括酰基、 羧基、 硝基或磺酸基。
26、根据权利要求 1-23任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 第一摩擦元件下表面和 /或第二摩擦元件的上表面经过化学改性,使得在 极性为正的材料表面引入正电荷和 /或在极性为负的材料表面引入负电 荷。
27、根据权利要求 1-26任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 发电机单元的第一导电元件、第一摩擦元件、第二摩擦元件和 /或第二导 电元件为薄膜。
28、根据权利要求 1-27任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 第一导电部件上表面和 /或所述第二导电部件下表面还包括柔性或硬性 基板。
29、 一种滑动摩擦发电装置, 其特征在于, 包括若干个如权利要求 1-27所述的发电机组, 所述发电机组之间形成串联和 /或并联。
30、 根据权利要求 29所述的滑动摩擦发电装置, 其特征在于, 多 个发动机组为上下堆叠结构, 上下相邻两个发动机组之间插入一个隔离 层, 用于将在上的发动机组的第二导电部件和在下的发动机组的第一导 电部件隔离。
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