WO2014101746A1 - 大型循环流化床锅炉、布风装置和布风装置组件 - Google Patents

大型循环流化床锅炉、布风装置和布风装置组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014101746A1
WO2014101746A1 PCT/CN2013/090309 CN2013090309W WO2014101746A1 WO 2014101746 A1 WO2014101746 A1 WO 2014101746A1 CN 2013090309 W CN2013090309 W CN 2013090309W WO 2014101746 A1 WO2014101746 A1 WO 2014101746A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air distribution
side walls
header
distribution cone
cone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/090309
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吕清刚
高鸣
宋国良
王小芳
孙运凯
王东宇
周托
Original Assignee
中国科学院工程热物理研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院工程热物理研究所
Priority to PL13869476T priority Critical patent/PL2940384T3/pl
Priority to IN11233DEN2014 priority patent/IN2014DN11233A/en
Priority to KR1020157002202A priority patent/KR101667503B1/ko
Priority to US14/412,270 priority patent/US9772104B2/en
Priority to EP13869476.5A priority patent/EP2940384B1/en
Publication of WO2014101746A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014101746A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/003—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0061—Constructional features of bed cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, and more particularly to a secondary air distribution device for a large circulating fluidized bed boiler. Background technique
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,370,084 discloses a circulating fluidized bed boiler having a crotch-legged hearth structure, which is designed as a structure resembling a crotch leg, and the grate plate is divided into two separate ones.
  • Chinese Patent No. 201020147895. 9 discloses a water-cooling wall of a partition wall of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, by providing a partition wall on the top of the trouser leg. Pipe screen to increase the area of the furnace heating surface; however, for large-capacity and high-parameter circulating fluidized bed boilers, as the height of the furnace increases, the height of the water wall tube screen of the partition wall increases, and the strength is difficult to guarantee. Tube screen deformation and vibration problems hard to prevent. Summary of the invention
  • a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising: a furnace side wall; a ceiling; an air distribution plate disposed at a bottom of the furnace; and at least one air distribution cone disposed on the air distribution plate, wherein: each of the wind cones extends upward from the air distribution plate to the inside of the furnace and has a tapered shape in the extending direction, and the side wall of the wind cone forming the wind cone is provided with a secondary air outlet, the side wall of the air distribution cone and the furnace The side walls are spaced apart, and the ceiling, the side wall of the furnace, the air distribution plate, and the side wall of the wind cone are combined to form a combustion space of the furnace.
  • the wind cone comprises two first inclined wind cone side walls arranged opposite each other and two vertical wind cone sides arranged opposite each other a wall; two first inclined wind cone side walls meet or meet at the top end of the wind cone, and are connected to the two vertical wind cone side walls, and the two first inclined wind cone sidewalls
  • the ridge lines formed by joining or merging are substantially parallel to the air distribution plate; the secondary air vents are respectively disposed on the side walls of the two first inclined air distribution cones.
  • the side wall of the wind cone is composed of a membrane wall; a first header parallel to the air distribution plate is formed at the ridge line, and two first inclined air cone side walls are gathered to the first
  • the first membrane wall heat shield is vertically upwardly drawn from the first header.
  • the first membrane wall heat receiving screen is disposed in the entire length direction of the first header.
  • the first membrane wall heat receiving screen has two first heat receiving screen portions disposed near two ends of the first header, and the two first heat receiving screen portions are spaced along the length direction of the first header box. open.
  • the two vertical wind cone side walls extend vertically upward to form a second membrane wall heat shield.
  • the second vertical wind cone side wall is gathered at the second header, the second header is perpendicular to the first header, and is disposed at the same height as the first header Height position.
  • the first header and the second header may be in communication with each other.
  • the second vertical air duct side wall is assembled at the second header, the second header is perpendicular to the first header, and is disposed at a height different from the first header. Height position.
  • the air duct side wall is composed of a membrane wall; the two first inclined air duct side walls merge into a tee tube disposed at the ridge line, and the two first inclined air cones
  • the side walls respectively communicate with the two branch pipes of the three-way pipe, and the third branch pipe of the three-way pipe extends vertically upward to form the first film
  • the wall is heated.
  • the air duct side wall is composed of a membrane wall; two first inclined air duct side walls are connected at the ridge line and then extend vertically in parallel to form a first membrane wall heat receiving screen.
  • the first membrane wall heat receiving screen is a double tube screen.
  • the two vertical wind cone side walls extend vertically upward to form a second membrane wall heat shield.
  • the first membrane wall heat shield forms a T-shaped expansion heat at the end of the ridge line formed by the second membrane wall heat shield at the two first inclined wind cone sidewalls or joined together a first membrane wall heat shield to form a vertical shape of the ⁇ shape
  • the second membrane wall heat shield constitutes a transverse shape of the ⁇ shape, the first membrane wall heat shield and the first The two-membrane wall is connected to the heat shield through the fins.
  • the wind cone comprises two first inclined wind cone side walls arranged opposite each other and two second inclined cloth wind cone sides arranged opposite each other a wall, two first inclined wind cone side walls meet or merge at the top end of the wind cone, and are connected to the two second inclined wind cone side walls, the two first inclined wind cone side walls
  • the ridge lines formed by the joining or joining are substantially parallel to the air distribution plate, and the secondary air outlets are respectively disposed on the side walls of the two first inclined air distribution cones.
  • the secondary tuyere is also disposed on the sidewalls of the two second inclined wind cones.
  • the side wall of the wind cone is composed of a membrane wall; a first header parallel to the air distribution plate is formed at the ridge line, and two first inclined air cone side walls are gathered to the first
  • the first membrane wall heat shield is vertically upwardly drawn from the first header.
  • the first membrane wall heat shield is disposed over the entire length of the first header.
  • the first membrane wall heat receiving screen has two first heat receiving screen portions disposed near two ends of the first header, and the two first heat receiving screen portions are spaced along the length direction of the first header box. open.
  • the two second inclined wind cone side walls are respectively connected to the two first inclined wind cone side walls, and the second header box is disposed above the ridge lines formed at the ends, and the second two A membrane wall of the side wall of the inclined wind cone merges into the second header, and a corresponding second membrane wall heat receiving screen is vertically extended from the second header.
  • each of the second headers is horizontally disposed at the same height position as the height of the first header.
  • the side wall of the wind cone is composed of a membrane wall; two side walls of the first inclined wind cone merge into a tee tube disposed at the ridge line, and two first inclined wind cone sides Wall and
  • the two branch pipes of the tee pipe communicate with each other, and the third pipe of the three-way pipe extends vertically upward to form a first membrane wall heat receiving screen.
  • the side wall of the wind cone is composed of a membrane wall; two side walls of the first inclined wind cone are connected at the ridge line and then extend vertically in parallel to form a first membrane wall heat receiving screen.
  • the first membrane wall heat receiving screen is a double tube screen.
  • the two second inclined wind cone side walls are vertically connected to the first inclined wind cone side wall to form a second membrane wall heat receiving screen.
  • the first membrane wall heat shield and the second membrane wall heat shield form a Y-shaped extension heat at the end of the ridge line formed by the two first inclined wind cone sidewalls or joined together a first film wall heat shield constitutes a vertical portion of the Y shape, and the second film wall heat shield constitutes the Y shape V, the first film wall heat shield and the second The membrane wall is welded to the heat shield through the fins.
  • an additional secondary vent is provided on the side wall of the furnace.
  • the wind cone comprises a lower portion adjacent the air distribution panel and an upper portion remote from the air distribution panel, wherein the lower portion extends vertically upward from the air distribution panel, the upper portion being from the lower portion
  • the junction is tapered upwards.
  • the cross section of the air distribution cone parallel to the air distribution plate is formed into an oblong shape or a polygon having a number of sides greater than 4.
  • a space that does not belong to the furnace combustion space and communicates with the external environment of the furnace is formed below the side wall of the wind cone for setting the secondary air duct.
  • the structure of the wind cone is arranged symmetrically about a surface of the first furnace perpendicular to the front and rear walls of the furnace. Further, the structure of the wind cone is symmetrically arranged with respect to the surface of the furnace perpendicular to the left and right walls of the furnace.
  • the first inclined wind cone side walls are arranged substantially perpendicular to the front and rear walls of the furnace.
  • the air distribution plate is provided with a plurality of air distribution cones, and the air distribution cones are spaced apart from each other.
  • each of the wind cones is identical in size and configuration to each other.
  • the boiler further comprises: one or more furnace top headers disposed above the ceiling, and the membrane wall heat-drawing panels extending or extending vertically upwardly pass through the ceiling and are collected in the corresponding furnace top headers.
  • the side wall of the wind cone is a membrane wall, and a refractory material is applied to one side of the combustion space of the furnace.
  • an air distribution device for a circulating fluidized bed boiler is provided, which is disposed on a wind deflector of the boiler, wherein: the air distribution device is in the form of a wind cone
  • the air distribution cone extends upward from the air distribution plate to the inside of the furnace and has a tapered shape in the extending direction, and the air distribution cone side wall forming the air distribution cone is provided with a secondary air outlet.
  • a space that does not belong to the furnace combustion space and communicates with the external environment of the furnace is formed below the side wall of the wind cone for setting the secondary air duct.
  • the wind cone comprises two oppositely disposed wind cone side walls, the two inclined wind cone side walls meet or meet at the top end of the wind cone, and the two inclined wind cone side walls meet or meet
  • the ridge line formed is substantially parallel to the air distribution plate; the secondary air vents are respectively disposed on the side walls of the two inclined air distribution cones.
  • the side wall of the wind cone is formed by a membrane wall.
  • an air distribution device assembly for a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising: the air distribution device, the side wall of the air distribution cone is formed by a membrane wall; The wind cone extends upwardly to form a membrane wall heat shield that extends the heat receiving surface, and the membrane wall heat shield is in fluid communication with the membrane wall of the corresponding wind cone side wall.
  • the air distribution plate has a shape of a "mouth” shape, a "day” shape, or a "mesh” shape, so that the materials in the dense phase and the thin phase region at the bottom of the furnace are Both the gas and the gas can be freely circulated, so that the problem of turning over the bed due to the pressure imbalance in the two independent crotch legs can be solved;
  • the wind cone provides a space for the secondary air to be injected into the furnace from the center of the dense phase of the furnace Therefore, the problem of secondary air penetration is solved; at the same time, by providing a T-shaped or Y-type extended heat-receiving screen on the top of the wind cone, not only the heating surface area in the furnace is increased, but also the rigidity of the tube panel is improved, and the tube screen is greatly reduced. Vibration and deformation, reducing the risk of bursting.
  • the dense phase flow zone of the large circulating fluidized bed boiler of the invention has good flow uniformity, eliminates hidden troubles of turning over the bed, and the secondary air can reach the center of the furnace, which is beneficial to ensure combustion efficiency and achieve combustion atmosphere.
  • the top of the wind cone is provided with a ⁇ -shaped or Y-shaped extended heat-receiving screen, which increases the heating surface area in the furnace, and has good rigidity, small vibration and deformation, which is beneficial to improve the operation safety of the boiler.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a furnace of a large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the A-A of a furnace of a large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a side view showing the furnace of a large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of an extended heat receiving screen and a wind cone according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view showing another extended heat receiving screen and a wind cone according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a top plan view showing a furnace of a large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view showing still another large circulating fluidized bed boiler of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a plan view showing a furnace of a large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a furnace B-B of a large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to a second embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • a circulating fluidized bed boiler having a wind cone is described below with reference to Figs.
  • the circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises: a furnace side wall 41-44; a ceiling 45; an air distribution plate 11 disposed at the bottom of the furnace; and at least one disposed on the air distribution plate a wind cone 8, wherein: each of the wind cones 8 extends upward from the air distribution plate 11 to the inside of the furnace and has a tapered shape in the extending direction, and the air duct side walls 81-84 forming the air distribution cone 8 are provided with The secondary tuyere 28 (in Fig. 1, the side walls 81, 82 are provided with secondary air ports, in Fig.
  • the side walls 81-84 are provided with secondary air ports), the air duct side walls and the furnace side walls 41-44 is spaced apart, and the ceiling 45, the furnace side walls 41-44, the air distribution plate 11, and the air distribution cone side walls 81-84 surround the furnace combustion space.
  • Some or all of the side walls of the wind cone are inwardly contracted while extending upward (ie, the wall is inclined toward the center of the projection of the bottom surface of the wind cone), so that the cross-sectional area of the lower portion of the furnace is continuously increased as the height rises, until the furnace The cross-sectional areas at the middle and upper non-wind cones are substantially equal.
  • the air duct 8 extends upward from the air distribution plate to the inside of the furnace, and a secondary air outlet 28 is provided on the side wall of the air duct cone, thereby providing a scheme for arranging the secondary air to be injected into the space of the furnace from the center of the dense phase of the furnace, Improve the ability of secondary wind penetration.
  • the wind cone 8 comprises two first inclined wind cone side walls 81, 82 and two opposite vertical cloths arranged opposite each other.
  • two first inclined wind cone side walls 81, 82 meet or merge at the top end of the wind cone 8 and are adjacent to the two vertical wind cone side walls 83, 84
  • the ridge lines formed by joining or joining the two first inclined wind cone side walls 81, 82 are substantially parallel to the air distribution plate 11; the secondary air outlets 24 are respectively disposed on the two first inclined air distribution cone side walls 81, 82.
  • the wind tunnel side walls 81-84 are formed by a membrane wall; a first header 31 parallel to the air distribution panel 11 is formed at the ridge line (see Figures 2, 3), two first The inclined wind cone side walls 81, 82 are collected into the first header 31 (see Fig. 2), and the first membrane wall heat receiving screens 53, 54 are drawn vertically upward from the first header 31.
  • the first membrane wall heat shield is an extended heat shield.
  • the first membrane wall heat shield may be disposed over the entire length of the first header.
  • the first membrane wall heat receiving screen has two first heat receiving screen portions disposed near two ends of the first header, and the two first heat receiving screen portions are spaced along the length direction of the first header box. open.
  • the extended heat shield may comprise only the first membrane wall heat shield, for example the other two side walls 83, 84 of the wind cone 8 are adiabatic rather than membrane wall.
  • the other two side walls 83, 84 of the air distribution cone 8 are of a membrane wall type, an additional extended heat receiving screen can be drawn.
  • the two vertical air duct side walls 83, 84 extend vertically upward to form a second film wall heat receiving screen 51, 52.
  • the second vertical air duct side walls 83, 84 are collected at the second header 32, and the second header 32 is perpendicular to the first header 31, and is disposed at The same height position as the height of the first header 31.
  • the first header 31 and the second header 32 are in communication with each other, ie, the two form an I-shape.
  • the second vertical air duct side wall is assembled at the second header, the second header is perpendicular to the first header, and is disposed at a height different from the first header. Height position.
  • the wind tunnel side wall is formed by a membrane wall; the two first inclined wind cone side walls merge into a tee tube arranged at the ridge line, two The side walls of the first inclined wind cone are respectively communicated with the two branch pipes of the three-way pipe, and the third branch pipe of the three-way pipe extends vertically upward to form a first film wall heat receiving screen.
  • This situation is illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the air duct side wall is composed of a membrane wall; two first inclined air duct side walls are connected at the ridge line and then extend vertically in parallel to form a first A membrane wall is heated by the heat shield, and the first membrane wall heat shield is a double tube screen.
  • the two vertical airfoil side walls may also extend vertically upward to form a second membrane wall heat shield. This situation is illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the first membrane wall heat receiving screens 53, 54 and the second membrane wall heat receiving screens 51, 52 meet or merge at the ends of the ridges formed by the two first inclined wind cone side walls.
  • the first film wall heat shield constitutes a vertical portion of the T shape, and the second film wall is heated by the heat shield to form the T shape A horizontal.
  • the first membrane wall heat shield and the second membrane wall heat shield may be joined together by fins.
  • the wind cone 8 comprises two first inclined wind cone side walls 81, 82 arranged opposite each other and two second inclined air cones arranged opposite each other.
  • the side walls 83, 84, the two first inclined wind cone side walls 81, 82 meet or meet at the top end of the wind cone, and are in contact with the two second inclined wind cone side walls 83, 84,
  • the ridge lines formed by joining or joining the two first inclined wind cone side walls 81, 92 are substantially parallel to the air distribution plate 11, and the secondary air outlets 28 are respectively disposed on the two first inclined air distribution cone side walls 81, 82.
  • the secondary tuyeres 28 can also be disposed on the two second inclined wind cone side walls 83, 84.
  • the air duct side walls 81-84 are formed by a membrane wall; a first header 33 parallel to the air distribution plate is formed at the ridge line, and the two first inclined cloths are formed.
  • the wind cone side walls 81, 82 are collected into the first header 33, and the first membrane wall heat receiving screens 53, 54 are drawn vertically upward from the first header 33.
  • the first membrane wall heat shields 53, 54 are extended heat shields.
  • the first membrane wall heat shield may be disposed over the entire length of the first header.
  • the first membrane wall heat receiving screen has two first heat receiving screen portions disposed near two ends of the first header, and the two first heat receiving screen portions are spaced along the length direction of the first header box. open.
  • each of the second headers is disposed at the same height position as the height of the first header and communicates with the first header.
  • the wind tunnel side wall is formed by a membrane wall; the two first inclined wind cone side walls merge into a tee tube arranged at the ridge line, two The side walls of the first inclined wind cone are respectively communicated with the two branch pipes of the three-way pipe, and the third branch pipe of the three-way pipe extends vertically upward to form a first film wall heat receiving screen.
  • the side wall of the wind cone is composed of a membrane wall; the two first inclined air duct side walls are connected at the ridge line and then extend vertically in parallel to form a first A membrane wall is heated by the heat shield, and the first membrane wall heat shield is a double tube screen.
  • the two second inclined wind cone side walls are connected to the first inclined wind cone side wall and extend vertically upward to form a second film wall.
  • the first membrane wall heat shield is formed at an end of the ridge line formed by the second membrane wall heat shield at the two first inclined wind cone side walls or joined together.
  • the ⁇ shape expands the heat receiving surface, the first film wall is heated by the heat shield to form a vertical shape, and the second film wall is heated by the heat shield to form the V shape.
  • the first membrane wall heat shield and the second membrane wall heat shield may be welded together by fins.
  • an additional secondary vent 24 may be provided on the side wall of the furnace.
  • the wind cone comprises a lower portion adjacent the air distribution panel and an upper portion remote from the air distribution panel, wherein the lower portion extends vertically upward from the air distribution panel, the upper portion The junction with the lower portion extends upwardly.
  • the wind cone is an approximately quadrangular pyramid
  • the shape of the airfoil cone is not limited to this.
  • the cross section of the wind cone parallel to the air distribution plate may be formed into an oblong shape or a polygon having a number of sides greater than 4.
  • the wind cones are arranged symmetrically within the furnace, for example, the structure of the wind cones is arranged symmetrically about the facets of the first furnaces perpendicular to the front and rear walls 43 and 44 of the furnace. Further, the structure of the wind cone is also symmetrically arranged with respect to the surface of the furnace perpendicular to the left and right walls 41, 42 of the furnace.
  • the sidewalls of the first inclined wind cone are arranged substantially perpendicular to the front and rear walls of the furnace, and further, the air distribution plate is provided with a plurality of air distribution cones, and the air distribution cones are spaced apart from each other, which is advantageous
  • the size and structure of each of the wind cones are identical to each other, for example, as shown in FIG. Above, it is more conducive to improving the uniformity of the flow in the dense phase zone of the furnace of a large circulating fluidized bed boiler and eliminating the hidden danger of turning over the bed.
  • one or more furnace top headers 7 are disposed above the ceiling 45, and the membrane wall heat-drawing panels extending or extending vertically upwardly pass through the ceiling 45 and are collected on the top of the corresponding furnace. In the box.
  • the invention also provides an air distribution device for a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which is arranged on the air distribution plate of the boiler, wherein: the air distribution device is in the form of a wind cone, and the air distribution cone is from the air distribution plate It extends upward into the inside of the furnace and has a tapered shape in the extending direction, and the side wall of the wind cone forming the wind cone is provided with a secondary air outlet.
  • the air distribution device is in the form of a wind cone
  • the air distribution cone is from the air distribution plate It extends upward into the inside of the furnace and has a tapered shape in the extending direction
  • the side wall of the wind cone forming the wind cone is provided with a secondary air outlet.
  • a space that does not belong to the furnace combustion space and communicates with the external environment of the furnace is formed below the side wall of the wind cone for setting the secondary air duct.
  • the wind cone comprises two oppositely disposed wind cone side walls, the two inclined wind cone side walls meet or meet at the top end of the wind cone, and the two inclined wind cone side walls meet or meet
  • the ridge line formed is substantially parallel to the air distribution plate; the secondary air vents are respectively disposed on the side walls of the two inclined air distribution cones.
  • the side wall of the wind cone is formed by a membrane wall.
  • the present invention also relates to an air distribution device assembly for a circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising: the above-described air distribution device; and a membrane wall heat receiving screen extending upward from the air distribution cone to form an extended heating surface,
  • the membrane wall heat shield is in fluid communication with the membrane wall of the corresponding wind cone side wall.
  • the wind cone 8 can be single, in which case the furnace air distribution plate has a "mouth” shape (as shown in Figures 1, 6, and 8); it can also be two or more, and the air distribution plate is "day”.
  • the glyph or "mesh” shape, etc. (as shown in Figure 7); such that the dense phase zone in the lower part of the furnace is an interconnected area, which ensures the uniformity of material and gas flow in the furnace, and avoids dividing the lower part of the furnace into two separate Pants The risk of turning the bed with the legs.
  • the top of the wind cone is provided with an extended heat receiving screen, and the shape of the cross section of the heat receiving screen is determined by the shape of the wind cone, and may be a ⁇ shape or a Y shape.
  • the extended heat receiving screen has a cross-sectional shape of ⁇ ; when the air-cone has two pairs of opposite side walls that are inclined, the extended heat-receiving screen has a Y-shaped cross section.
  • the membrane wall of a pair of inclined side walls opposite to the wind cone gathers at the top of the wind cone to a ridge line, and the tube screen extends from the ridge line to the top of the furnace to form a "T" of the ⁇ -shaped or Y-shaped extended heat-receiving screen. Or a vertical of the V-shape.
  • a horizontal header can be provided at the ridge line, and the membrane wall tube of the set of inclined side walls of the wind cone is collected into the header and then taken up from the header.
  • the tube screen, the width of the tube screen may be the same as the length of the header box, or the tube screen may be taken only from a portion near the two ends of the header box, and the tube panel is not led out in the middle portion of the collection box to leave a flow space on both sides of the connection tube screen; or
  • the membrane wall tube of the set of inclined side walls of the wind cone merges into the tee tube at the ridge line, and one of the three-way tube is an upwardly extending tube screen; and the inclined side of the set of the wind cone
  • the membrane wall tube of the wall extends parallel upwards at the ridge line to form a double tube screen, and the two layers can be fixed to each other by the comb plate and filled with the refractory material.
  • the width of the tube screen formed by the latter two methods is usually the same as the cloth.
  • the ridgelines at the top of the wind cone are equal in length.
  • the membrane wall tube extends toward the top of the furnace to form a horizontal tube screen which constitutes a "T" shape of the ⁇ -shaped expanded heat receiving screen;
  • a vertical tube screen of the T-shaped extension heat-receiving screen " ⁇ " is spliced together by fins, and the tube of the tube screen at the joint can be designed as a large-diameter thick-walled tube to increase the strength.
  • the side wall membrane wall tube is extended upwards, it can also be first introduced into the horizontal header box, and then the tube screen is taken out from the header box.
  • the use of the header box is beneficial to select the optimal design parameters such as pipe diameter and pipe spacing for the membrane wall tube and the tube screen of the wind cone.
  • a header box, a three-way tube or a double-layer tube screen, etc. can form a tube screen of a "V" which forms an upper portion of the "Y" of the Y-shaped extended heat-receiving screen; wherein, if a header is used, it is also Y-shaped, And preferably a horizontal header, which facilitates the V-shaped tube panel to be drawn from the same height, thereby having a relatively uniform hydrodynamic distribution characteristic.
  • the V-shaped tube panel is spliced together with the vertical tube panel constituting the "Y" of the Y-shaped expanded heat shield through the fins.
  • the circulating fluidized bed boiler shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the furnace 4 of the bottom wind chamber 1, the cyclone 6 with the cyclone inlet duct 61, the return feeder (not shown) and The tail flue (not shown) is composed; six cyclones 6 are arranged on the outer side of the left side wall 41 and the right side wall 42 of the furnace, and the bottom of the furnace 4 and the air distribution plate 11 are provided with a rectangular cross section.
  • the wind cone 8 makes the furnace air distribution plate 11 have a "mouth" shape.
  • Wind cone 8 The side wall is surrounded by four membrane-type water-cooled walls with refractory material. It is hollow and the bottom is open to the atmosphere.
  • the two sides 81, 82 opposite to the left and right side walls 41, 42 of the furnace are inclined toward the center of the projection of the bottom surface of the wind cone, and one or more layers of secondary air outlets 28 are disposed thereon;
  • the other two sides of the wind cone are vertically disposed opposite the side walls 83, 84 of the furnace front and rear walls 43, 44.
  • the secondary tuyere 28 communicates with a secondary air duct introduced from below the air duct cone 8.
  • One or more secondary air vents 24 are also disposed on the side walls 41, 42 of the furnace, which are highly coincident with the secondary air vents 28 on the wind cone.
  • the two inwardly inclined side walls 81, 82 of the air distribution cone 8 converge on the top of the air distribution cone 8 as a ridge line parallel to the air distribution plate 11, and the ridge line is provided with a transverse header 31, a side wall 81,
  • the water-cooled wall tubes of the 82 are gathered in the header 31, and two tube screens 53, 54 are drawn upward from the header 31, respectively, and are disposed by the ends of the headers 31; the side walls of the other two sides of the wind cone 8 are vertically disposed.
  • the water-cooled wall tubes of 83 and 84 extend upward and merge into the horizontal header 32 having the same height as the header 31 (the header 31 communicates with the header 32 to form an I-shaped header), and the tube panel 51 and the tube panel 52 are formed.
  • the tube screen 51 and the tube screen 52 are respectively arranged in a T shape with the tube screens 53, 54 respectively, and respectively form two sets of extended heat receiving screens 5 having a T-shaped cross section.
  • the tube screen 53 is not connected to the tube panel 54, and there is a space between the two sides for connecting the tube screen, so that the materials and gases in the furnace can flow freely. (The header 31 and the header 32 may also be disconnected, and the two are slightly offset in height for arrangement.)
  • the extended heat receiving screen 5 extends from the top of the wind cone 8 along the height of the furnace to the ceiling 45 of the furnace, and passes through the ceiling 45 to be collected in the top header of the furnace.
  • the top of the wind cone 8 may not be provided with a header, and the water-cooled wall tube passing through the side walls 81 and 82 of the air-cone 8 is directly extended upward by a three-way tube or a double-layer screen to form a tube screen 53, 54.
  • the screens 53, 54 are connected in one piece without leaving space between them, so that the extension of the two T-shapes is connected by the heat shield into an I-shaped extended heat receiving screen.
  • the top view of the extended heat shield using the tee is shown in Fig. 4, and the top view of the extended heat shield forming the double screen is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the side walls of the two sides of the air distribution cone 8 may be provided with a secondary air outlet as shown in FIG.
  • the wind tunnel 8 side wall can also be composed of a vapor-cooled membrane wall, and the expanded heat receiving screen 5 is correspondingly a vapor-cooled screen.
  • Figure 7 shows the case where the bottom of the furnace 4 is provided with two air distribution cones 8, in which case the furnace air distribution plate has a "day" shape, and the top of the air distribution cone 8 has two T-shaped extension heat-receiving screens 5 which are integrated into one body. .
  • Example 2
  • a circulating fluidized bed boiler as shown in Fig. 8, a furnace 4 from the bottom air chamber 1, a cyclone 6 with a cyclone inlet duct 61, a return feeder (not shown) and a tail flue (not shown) composition; six cyclones 6 are arranged on the outer side of the left side wall 41 and the right side wall 42 of the furnace, and a wind cone 8 is arranged on the bottom of the furnace 4 and on the air distribution plate 11 to make the furnace
  • the air distribution panel 11 has a "mouth" shape.
  • Wind cone 8 The side wall is surrounded by four membrane-type water-cooled walls with refractory material. The bottom is hollow and open to the atmosphere. Among the four side walls of the wind cone 8, the two faces 81, 82 opposite to the left and right side walls 41, 42 of the furnace are inclined toward the center of the projection of the wind cone, and a wind is formed on the top of the wind cone 8 in parallel with the air distribution plate 11.
  • the ridge line is provided with a horizontal header 33 at the ridge line; the other two sides 83, 84 are also inclined toward the center of the projection surface of the wind cone, and intersect with the side walls 81 and 82 of the wind cone to form 4 and the air distribution plate 11 The ridgeline of the angle.
  • a horizontal header 34 is provided above the four ridges at substantially the same height as the header 33.
  • the header box 33 and the header box 34 may be separate or may be connected to each other to form a Y-shaped header.
  • the water-cooled wall tubes in the middle of the air-cone side walls 81, 82 are collected in the header 33, and the water-cooling wall tubes of the air-conducting side walls 81, 82 near the two ends and the water-cooling wall tubes of the air-conducting side walls 83, 84 are in the above four
  • the ridge line is bent, extends upward, and is collected in the header 34.
  • a Y-shaped expanded heat receiving screen 5 is drawn upward from the headers 33, 34, extending all the way to the furnace ceiling 45, and passing through the ceiling 45 to be collected in the furnace top header 7.
  • a secondary air outlet 28 may be provided on the air duct side walls 81, 82, 83, 84, and the secondary air outlet 2 communicates with a secondary air duct introduced from the bottom of the air distribution cone 8.
  • a secondary tuyere 24 may also be provided on the walls 41, 42 and the front and rear walls 43, 44 of the furnace. While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood that The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

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Abstract

一种循环流化床锅炉、布风装置及布风装置组件，其中的循环流化床锅炉包括炉膛侧壁（41-44）、顶棚（45）、设置在炉膛底部的布风板（11）及设置在布风板（11）上的至少一个布风锥（8）。每个布风锥（8）从布风板（11）向上延伸到炉膛内部并在延伸方向上具有渐缩的形状，形成布风锥（8）的布风锥侧壁（81-84）上设置有二次风口（28）。布风锥侧壁（81-84）与炉膛侧壁（41-44）间隔开。顶棚（45）、炉膛侧壁（41-44）、布风板（11）和布风锥侧壁（81-84）合围成炉膛燃烧空间。在布风锥（8）顶部设置扩展受热屏，增加了炉内受热面面积，提高了管屏刚度。

Description

大型循环流化床锅炉、 布风装置和布风装置组件 技术领域
本发明涉及循环流化床锅炉， 尤其是大型循环流化床锅炉的二次风 布风装置。 背景技术
大型化与高参数化是循环流化床锅炉技术发展的必然趋势， 随着锅 炉容量的增大， 炉膛横截面的不断增大致使二次风难以到达炉膛中心； 同时， 随着锅炉蒸汽参数的提高， 特别是提高到超临界或超超临界蒸汽 参数时， 炉膛的放热容积较炉内蒸发受热面增加得更快， 放热和吸热的 不平衡增长导致受热面的布置问题， 因此， 二次风的穿透与受热面的布 置问题成了制约循环流化床锅炉向大型化与高参数化发展的主要技术瓶 颈。
为解决二次风穿透问题， 美国专利 US5370084 公开了一种裤衩腿炉 膛结构的循环流化床锅炉， 将炉膛下部设计为形似裤衩腿的结构， 炉膛 布风板相应的被分为独立的两部分， 分别对应两个下部完全分开、 顶部 相通的裤衩腿， 通过在裤衩腿内侧壁面上设置二次风口， 解决炉膛底部 密相区的二次风穿透问题； 但由于炉膛密相区下部被分隔为两个部分， 在实际运行过程中， 两裤衩腿之间的压力波动易导致翻床现象的发生， 给锅炉的安全稳定运行带来很大隐患。 为了解决翻床问题， 中国专利 ZL 201010159794. 8 公开了一种循环流化床锅炉， 采用中间膜式壁将裤衩腿 型炉膛纵向分为完全对称的两部分， 中间膜式壁中上部开通风孔以平衡 两侧的压力， 以抑制翻床问题的发生。
在裤衩腿炉膛结构的基础上， 为了解决受热面的布置问题， 中国专 利 201020147895. 9公开了一种循环流化床锅炉炉膛的中隔墙水冷壁， 通 过在裤衩腿顶部设置中隔墙水冷壁管屏， 以增加炉膛蒸发受热面面积； 但对于大容量高参数循环流化床锅炉， 随着炉膛高度的增加， 这种中隔 墙水冷壁管屏的高度也随之增加， 强度难以保证， 管屏变形和振动问题 难以避免。 发明内容
为解决上述问题中的至少一个方面， 提出本发明。
根据本发明的一个示例性方面， 提出了一种循环流化床锅炉， 包括: 炉膛侧壁； 顶棚； 设置在炉膛底部的布风板； 以及设置在布风板上的至 少一个布风锥， 其中： 每一个布风锥从布风板向上延伸到炉膛内部而在 延伸方向上具有渐缩的形状， 形成布风锥的布风锥侧壁设置有二次风口， 布风锥侧壁与炉膛侧壁间隔开， 顶棚、 炉膛侧壁、 布风板、 布风锥侧壁 围合成炉膛燃烧空间。
在循环流化床锅炉中， 可选的， 对于每一个布风锥而言： 布风锥包 括相对布置的两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁和相对布置的两个竖直布风锥侧 壁； 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁在布风锥的顶端相接或汇合、 且与所述两 个竖直布风锥侧壁相接， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱 线大致平行于布风板； 二次风口分别设置在两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁上。
进一歩的， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 在所述棱线处形成与布 风板平行的第一集箱， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁汇集到该第一集箱中， 从所述第一集箱竖直向上引出第一膜式壁受热屏。 可选的， 所述第一膜 式壁受热屏布置在所述第一集箱的整个长度方向上。 可选的， 所述第一 膜式壁受热屏具有设置在靠近第一集箱两端的两个第一受热屏部分， 该 两个第一受热屏部分沿所述第一集箱的长度方向间隔开。 有利的， 所述 两个竖直布风锥侧壁竖直向上延伸构成第二膜式壁受热屏。 进一歩有利 的， 所述第二竖直布风锥侧壁在第二集箱处汇集， 所述第二集箱垂直于 第一集箱， 且设置在与所述第一集箱的高度相同的高度位置。 所述第一 集箱与第二集箱可彼此相通。 可选的， 所述第二竖直布风锥侧壁在第二 集箱处汇集， 所述第二集箱垂直于第一集箱， 且设置在与所述第一集箱 的高度不同的高度位置。
或可选的， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧 壁汇入布置在所述棱线处的三通管， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁分别与三 通管的两个支管相通， 所述三通管的第三支管竖直向上延伸形成第一膜 式壁受热屏。
或可选的， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧 壁在所述棱线处相接然后竖直向上并行延伸形成第一膜式壁受热屏， 所 述第一膜式壁受热屏为双层管屏。
有利的， 两个竖直布风锥侧壁竖直向上延伸构成第二膜式壁受热屏。 有利的， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏在两个第 一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱线的端部处形成 T 形扩展受热面， 第一膜式壁受热屏构成所述 τ 形的一竖， 而所述第二膜式壁受热屏构成 所述 τ 形的一横， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏通过 鳍片悍接在一起。
在循环流化床锅炉， 可选的， 对于每一个布风锥而言： 布风锥包括 相对布置的两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁和相对布置的两个第二倾斜布风锥 侧壁， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁在布风锥的顶端相接或汇合、 且与所述 两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁相接， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形 成的棱线大致平行于布风板， 二次风口分别设置在两个第一倾斜布风锥 侧壁上。
有利的， 二次风口还设置在两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁上。
进一歩的， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 在所述棱线处形成与布 风板平行的第一集箱， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁汇集到该第一集箱中， 从所述第一集箱竖直向上引出第一膜式壁受热屏。 进一歩， 所述第一膜 式壁受热屏布置在所述第一集箱的整个长度方向上。 可选的， 所述第一 膜式壁受热屏具有设置在靠近第一集箱两端的两个第一受热屏部分， 该 两个第一受热屏部分沿所述第一集箱的长度方向间隔开。
有利的， 两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁分别与两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 相接， 在相接形成的棱线处的上方均设置有第二集箱， 两个第二倾斜布 风锥侧壁的膜式壁汇入所述第二集箱， 且自所述第二集箱向上竖直延伸 引出相应的第二膜式壁受热屏。 进一歩， 每个第二集箱均水平设置在与 所述第一集箱的高度相同的高度位置。
或者进一歩， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 两个第一倾斜布风锥 侧壁汇入布置在所述棱线处的三通管， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁分别与 三通管的两个支管相通， 所述三通管的第三支管竖直向上延伸形成第一 膜式壁受热屏。
或者进一歩， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 两个第一倾斜布风锥 侧壁在所述棱线处相接然后竖直向上并行延伸形成第一膜式壁受热屏， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏为双层管屏。
有利的， 所述两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁与所述第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 相接后竖直向上延伸构成第二膜式壁受热屏。
有利的， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏在两个第 一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱线的端部处形成 Y 形扩展受热面， 第一膜式壁受热屏构成所述 Y 形的一竖， 而所述第二膜式壁受热屏构成 所述 Y形的 V， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏通过鳍片 焊接在一起。
有利的， 炉膛侧壁上设置有另外的二次风口。
有利的， 布风锥包括邻近布风板的下部部分和远离布风板的上部部 分， 其中所述下部部分从所述布风板竖直向上延伸， 所述上部部分从与 所述下部部分的相接处向上渐缩延伸。
可选的， 布风锥的平行于布风板的截面形成为长圆形或者边数大于 4 的多边形。
有利的， 所述布风锥侧壁下方形成不属于炉膛燃烧空间且与炉膛外 部环境相通的空间， 用于设置二次风管道。
有利的， 所述布风锥的结构关于垂直于炉膛前后墙的第一炉膛中分 面对称布置。 进一歩的， 所述布风锥的结构关于垂直于炉膛左右墙的炉 膛中分面对称布置。 有利的， 第一倾斜布风锥侧壁均大致垂直于炉膛前 后墙布置。 进一歩的， 所述布风板上设置有多个布风锥， 所述布风锥彼 此间隔开。 有利的， 每一个布风锥的尺寸和结构彼此相同。
有利的， 所述锅炉还包括： 设置在顶棚上方的一个或多个炉膛顶部 集箱， 竖直向上引出或延伸的膜式壁受热屏穿过顶棚后汇集于对应的炉 膛顶部集箱中。
有利的， 布风锥侧壁为膜式壁， 且朝向炉膛燃烧空间的一面上敷设 有耐火材料。 根据本发明的另一个示例性方面， 提出了一种用于循环流化床锅炉 的布风装置， 设置在该锅炉的布风板上， 其中： 所述布风装置为布风锥 的形式， 布风锥从布风板向上延伸到炉膛内部而在延伸方向上具有渐缩 的形状， 形成布风锥的布风锥侧壁设置有二次风口。 有利的， 所述布风 锥侧壁下方形成不属于炉膛燃烧空间且与炉膛外部环境相通的空间， 用 于设置二次风管道。 有利的， 布风锥包括相对布置的两个倾斜布风锥侧 壁， 两个倾斜布风锥侧壁在布风锥的顶端相接或汇合， 两个倾斜布风锥 侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱线大致平行于布风板； 二次风口分别设置在两 个倾斜布风锥侧壁上。 有利的， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成。
根据本发明的再一个示例性方面， 提出了一种用于循环流化床锅炉 的布风装置组件， 包括： 上述布风装置， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成; 以及从所述布风锥向上延伸而形成扩展受热面的膜式壁受热屏， 所述膜 式壁受热屏与对应的布风锥侧壁的膜式壁流体相通。
通过在炉膛底部设置一个或多个布风锥， 布风板呈 "口"字形、 "日" 字形或 "目"字形等各部分连通的形状， 使炉膛底部密相区和稀相区的 物料与气体均可自由流通， 从而可解决现有两个独立裤衩支腿内部因压 力不平衡而导致的翻床问题； 布风锥提供了布置二次风从炉膛密相区中 心喷入炉膛的空间， 从而解决了二次风穿透问题； 同时， 通过在布风锥 顶部设置 T型或 Y型扩展受热屏， 不仅增加了炉内受热面面积， 而且提 高了管屏刚度， 大大减轻管屏的振动和变形， 降低由此带来的爆管风险。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛的密相区流动 均匀性好、 消除了翻床隐患， 二次风可到达炉膛中心， 有利于保证燃烧 效率和实现燃烧气氛的控制； 布风锥顶部设置 τ形或 Y形的扩展受热屏， 增加了炉内受热面面积， 且刚度好、 振动和变形小， 有利于提高锅炉的 运行安全性。 附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、 特征及优点能更加明显易懂， 下面结合附图 和具体实施例对本发明作进一歩说明， 其中：
图 1 为本发明提供实施例 1 的一种大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛的俯视 示意图；
图 2 为本发明提供实施例 1 的一种大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛的 A-A 剖视示意图；
图 3 为本发明提供实施例 1 的一种大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛侧视示 意图；
图 4为本发明提供实施例 1 的一种扩展受热屏和布风锥俯视示意图; 图 5 为本发明提供实施例 1 的另一种扩展受热屏和布风锥俯视示意 图；
图 6 为本发明提供实施例 1 的又一种大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛俯视 示意图。
图 7 为本发明提供实施例 1 的再一种大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛正视 示意图；
图 8 为本发明提供实施例 2 的一种大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛俯视示 意图。
图 9为本发明提供实施例 2 的一种大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛 B-B剖 视示意图。 具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实例性的实施例， 实施例的示例在附图中示 出， 其中相同或相似的标号表示相同或相似的元件。 下面参考附图描述 的实施例是示例性的， 旨在解释本发明， 而不能解释为对本发明的限制。
下面参照图 1-9描述具有布风锥的循环流化床锅炉。
如图 1-3、 6-9 中所示， 循环流化床锅炉包括： 炉膛侧壁 41-44; 顶 棚 45; 设置在炉膛底部的布风板 11 ; 以及设置在布风板上的至少一个布 风锥 8， 其中： 每一个布风锥 8从布风板 11 向上延伸到炉膛内部而在延 伸方向上具有渐缩的形状， 形成布风锥 8 的布风锥侧壁 81-84设置有二 次风口 28 (在图 1中， 侧壁 81、 82上设置有二次风口， 在图 8中， 侧壁 81-84上都设置有二次风口）， 布风锥侧壁与炉膛侧壁 41-44 间隔开， 顶 棚 45、 炉膛侧壁 41-44、 布风板 11、 布风锥侧壁 81-84围合成炉膛燃烧 空间。 布风锥的部分或全部侧壁在向上延伸的同时向内收缩 （即壁面向布 风锥底面投影的中心方向倾斜）， 使炉膛下部的横截面积随高度上升而连 续的增加， 直至与炉膛中上部无布风锥处的横截面积基本相等。
由于布风锥 8 从布风板向上延伸到炉膛内部， 并且在布风锥侧壁上 设置二次风口 28， 从而提供了布置二次风从炉膛密相区中心喷入炉膛的 空间的方案， 提高了二次风穿透能力。
参见图 1-3、 6-7， 对于每一个布风锥 8而言： 布风锥 8包括相对布 置的两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 81、 82和相对布置的两个竖直布风锥侧壁 83、 84； 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 81、 82在布风锥 8的顶端相接或汇合、 且与所述两个竖直布风锥侧壁 83、 84相接， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 81、 82 相接或汇合形成的棱线大致平行于布风板 11 ; 二次风口 24分别设置 在两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 81、 82上。
有利的， 所述布风锥侧壁 81-84 由膜式壁构成； 在所述棱线处形成 与布风板 11平行的第一集箱 31 (参见图 2、 3)， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧 壁 81、 82汇集到该第一集箱 31中 （参见图 2)， 从所述第一集箱 31竖直 向上引出第一膜式壁受热屏 53、 54。 第一膜式壁受热屏为扩展受热屏。 所述第一膜式壁受热屏可布置在所述第一集箱的整个长度方向上。 可选 的， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏具有设置在靠近第一集箱两端的两个第一受 热屏部分， 该两个第一受热屏部分沿所述第一集箱的长度方向间隔开。
扩展受热屏可以仅仅包括第一膜式壁受热屏， 例如布风锥 8 的另外 两个侧壁 83、 84为绝热式的、 而非膜式壁式的。 不过， 布风锥 8的另外 两个侧壁 83、 84为膜式壁式的时， 也可以引出另外的扩展受热屏。 具体 的， 所述两个竖直布风锥侧壁 83、 84竖直向上延伸构成第二膜式壁受热 屏 51、 52 ο
如图 1-2 中所示， 所述第二竖直布风锥侧壁 83、 84在第二集箱 32 处汇集， 所述第二集箱 32垂直于第一集箱 31， 且设置在与所述第一集箱 31 的高度相同的高度位置。 有利的， 第一集箱 31与第二集箱 32彼此相 通， 即两者形成工字型。 可选的， 所述第二竖直布风锥侧壁在第二集箱 处汇集， 所述第二集箱垂直于第一集箱， 且设置在与所述第一集箱的高 度不同的高度位置。 作为图 1-3 中的示例的变型， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 两个 第一倾斜布风锥侧壁汇入布置在所述棱线处的三通管， 两个第一倾斜布 风锥侧壁分别与三通管的两个支管相通， 所述三通管的第三支管竖直向 上延伸形成第一膜式壁受热屏。 图 4中示出了该情形。
作为图 1-3 中的示例的变型， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 两个 第一倾斜布风锥侧壁在所述棱线处相接然后竖直向上并行延伸形成第一 膜式壁受热屏， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏为双层管屏。 所述两个竖直布风 锥侧壁也可竖直向上延伸而构成第二膜式壁受热屏。 图 5 中示出了该情 形。
有利的， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏 53、 54与所述第二膜式壁受热屏 51、 52在两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱线的端部处形成 T形 扩展受热面 （例如， 如图 1中所示）， 第一膜式壁受热屏构成所述 T形的 一竖， 而所述第二膜式壁受热屏构成所述 T 形的一横。 所述第一膜式壁 受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏可通过鳍片悍接在一起。
以上描述了布风锥侧壁 81-84 中的一对侧壁为竖直延伸状态的情形。 下面参照图 8-9描述布风锥侧壁 81-84均倾斜的情形。
如图 8-9中所示， 对于布风锥 8而言： 布风锥 8包括相对布置的两 个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 81、 82和相对布置的两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁 83、 84， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 81、 82在布风锥的顶端相接或汇合、 且与 所述两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁 83、 84相接， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 81、 92 相接或汇合形成的棱线大致平行于布风板 11， 二次风口 28分别设置 在两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 81、 82上。 二次风口 28还可设置在两个第 二倾斜布风锥侧壁 83、 84上。
如图 8、 9中所示， 所述布风锥侧壁 81-84由膜式壁构成； 在所述棱 线处形成与布风板平行的第一集箱 33， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁 81、 82 汇集到该第一集箱 33 中， 从所述第一集箱 33 竖直向上引出第一膜式壁 受热屏 53、 54。 类似的， 第一膜式壁受热屏 53、 54为扩展受热屏。 所述 第一膜式壁受热屏可布置在所述第一集箱的整个长度方向上。 可选的， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏具有设置在靠近第一集箱两端的两个第一受热屏 部分， 该两个第一受热屏部分沿所述第一集箱的长度方向间隔开。 如图 8-9中所示， 两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁 83、 84分别与两个第一 倾斜布风锥侧壁 81-82 相接， 在相接形成的棱线处的上方均设置有第二 集箱 34， 两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁的膜式壁汇入所述第二集箱 34， 且自 所述第二集箱向上竖直延伸引出相应的第二膜式壁受热屏 51、 52。 可选 的， 每个第二集箱均设置在与所述第一集箱的高度相同的高度位置且与 所述第一集箱相通。
作为图 8-9 中的示例的变型， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 两个 第一倾斜布风锥侧壁汇入布置在所述棱线处的三通管， 两个第一倾斜布 风锥侧壁分别与三通管的两个支管相通， 所述三通管的第三支管竖直向 上延伸形成第一膜式壁受热屏。
作为图 8-9 中的示例的变型， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成； 两个 第一倾斜布风锥侧壁在所述棱线处相接然后竖直向上并行延伸形成第一 膜式壁受热屏， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏为双层管屏。
有利的， 作为图 8-9 中的示例的变型， 所述两个第二倾斜布风锥侧 壁与所述第一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接后竖直向上延伸构成第二膜式壁受热 屏 51、 52 ο
如图 8 中所示， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏在 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱线的端部处形成 Υ 形扩展 受热面， 第一膜式壁受热屏构成所述 Υ 形的一竖， 而所述第二膜式壁受 热屏构成所述 Υ形的 V。 所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏 可通过鳍片焊接在一起。
如图 1-3、 6-8中所示， 炉膛侧壁上可设置有另外的二次风口 24。 虽然没有示出， 可选的， 布风锥包括邻近布风板的下部部分和远离 布风板的上部部分， 其中所述下部部分从所述布风板竖直向上延伸， 所 述上部部分从与所述下部部分的相接处向上渐缩延伸。
以上的示例中， 以布风锥为近似四棱锥为例进行说明。 但是， 布风 锥的形状不限于此。 例如， 布风锥的平行于布风板的截面可形成为长圆 形或者边数大于 4的多边形。
通过在布风锥顶部设置 Τ型或 Υ型扩展受热屏， 不仅增加了炉内受 热面面积， 而且提高了管屏刚度， 大大减轻管屏的振动和变形， 降低由 此带来的爆管风险， 有利于提高锅炉的运行安全性。
虽然没有示出， 有利的， 所述布风锥侧壁下方形成不属于炉膛燃烧 空间且与炉膛外部环境相通的空间， 用于设置二次风管道。
有利的， 布风锥在炉膛内对称布置， 例如， 所述布风锥的结构关于 垂直于炉膛前后墙 43、 44 的第一炉膛中分面对称布置。 更进一歩的， 所 述布风锥的结构还关于垂直于炉膛左右墙 41、 42 的炉膛中分面对称布置。 可选的， 第一倾斜布风锥侧壁均大致垂直于炉膛前后墙布置， 更进一歩 的， 所述布风板上设置有多个布风锥， 所述布风锥彼此间隔开， 有利的， 每一个布风锥的尺寸和结构彼此相同， 例如， 图 7 中示出了该情形。 以 上更有助于提高大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛的密相区流动的均匀性、 消除 了翻床隐患。
如图 2、 3、 9中所示， 设置在顶棚 45上方的一个或多个炉膛顶部集 箱 7， 竖直向上引出或延伸的膜式壁受热屏穿过顶棚 45后汇集于对应的 炉膛顶部集箱中。
本发明还提出了一种用于循环流化床锅炉的布风装置， 设置在该锅 炉的布风板上， 其中： 所述布风装置为布风锥的形式， 布风锥从布风板 向上延伸到炉膛内部而在延伸方向上具有渐缩的形状， 形成布风锥的布 风锥侧壁设置有二次风口。 有利的， 所述布风锥侧壁下方形成不属于炉 膛燃烧空间且与炉膛外部环境相通的空间， 用于设置二次风管道。 有利 的， 布风锥包括相对布置的两个倾斜布风锥侧壁， 两个倾斜布风锥侧壁 在布风锥的顶端相接或汇合， 两个倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱 线大致平行于布风板； 二次风口分别设置在两个倾斜布风锥侧壁上。 有 利的， 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成。
本发明还涉及一种用于循环流化床锅炉的布风装置组件， 包括： 上 述的布风装置； 以及从所述布风锥向上延伸而形成扩展受热面的膜式壁 受热屏， 所述膜式壁受热屏与对应的布风锥侧壁的膜式壁流体相通。
布风锥 8可以为单个， 此时炉膛布风板呈 "口"字形 （如图 1、 6、 8 中所示）； 也可以为两个或者更多， 此时布风板呈 "日"字形或 "目"字 形等 （如图 7 中所示）； 这样炉膛下部密相区为相互连通的区域， 保证了 炉内物料和气体流动的均匀性， 避免将炉膛下部分割成两个独立的裤衩 支腿而带来的翻床风险。
布风锥顶部设置扩展受热屏， 由布风锥的形状决定扩展受热屏的横 截面形状， 可以为 τ形， 也可以为 Y形。 当布风锥只有两片相对的侧壁 为倾斜的时， 扩展受热屏横截面为 τ 形； 当布风锥有两对相对的侧壁为 倾斜的时， 扩展受热屏横截面为 Y形。
布风锥相对的一组倾斜侧壁的膜式壁在布风锥顶部汇聚到一条棱线， 从该棱线向炉顶延伸出管屏， 构成 τ形或 Y形扩展受热屏的 "T "或 "V 字的一竖。 具体的， 该棱线处可以设置水平的集箱， 布风锥的这组倾斜 侧壁的膜式壁管汇集到该集箱中， 再从该集箱向上引出管屏， 管屏宽度 可以与集箱长度相同， 也可以只从靠近集箱两端的部分引出管屏， 集箱 中间部分不引出管屏， 以留出连通管屏两侧的流动空间； 或者， 布风锥 的这组倾斜侧壁的膜式壁管在该棱线处汇入三通管， 三通管的一支即为 向上延伸的管屏； 还可以为布风锥的这组倾斜侧壁的膜式壁管在该棱线 处并行向上延伸， 形成双层管屏， 两层之间可以通过梳形板相互固定， 并填充耐火材料。 后两种方式形成的管屏宽度通常与布风锥顶部的棱线 长度相等。
布风锥的另外一组侧壁为竖直的时， 其膜式壁管向炉顶延伸， 形成 构成 τ形扩展受热屏的 "T"字的一横的管屏； 该片管屏与构成 T形扩展 受热屏的 "τ "字的一竖的管屏通过鳍片悍接在一起， 连接处的管屏的管 子可以设计为大管径厚壁管， 以增加强度。 侧壁膜式壁管向上延伸时， 还可以先汇入水平的集箱， 再从集箱引出管屏。 采用集箱， 有利于为布 风锥侧壁膜式壁管与管屏分别选择最佳的管径、 管间距等设计参数。
布风锥的另外一组侧壁也为倾斜的时， 其在向上延伸的同时向内收 缩， 其膜式壁管与相邻的布风锥侧壁形成四条棱线， 通过与上述类似的 方法， 即集箱、 三通管或双层管屏等， 可以形成构成 Y 形扩展受热屏的 "Y "字上部的 "V" 的管屏； 其中， 如采用集箱， 也为 Y 形的， 且优选 的为水平集箱， 这样有利于 V 形管屏从相同的高度引出， 从而具有较为 均匀的水动力分配特性。 该 V形管屏与构成 Y形扩展受热屏的 "Y"字的 一竖的管屏通过鳍片悍接在一起。
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一歩的说明。 实施例 1
如图 1至图 3所示的循环流化床锅炉， 由底部带风室 1的炉膛 4、 带 有旋风分离器入口管道 61 的旋风分离器 6、 返料器 （图中未示出） 与尾 部烟道 （图中未示出） 组成； 六个旋风分离器 6布置在炉膛的左侧墙 41 与右侧墙 42 的外侧， 炉膛 4底部、 布风板 11上设有一个横截面为矩形 的布风锥 8， 使炉膛布风板 11呈 "口"字形。
布风锥 8 侧壁由四片敷设耐火材料的膜式水冷壁围合而成， 中空， 底部对大气敞开。 布风锥 8的四面侧壁中， 与炉膛左、 右侧墙 41、 42相 对的两面 81、 82 向布风锥底面投影中心方向倾斜， 其上布有一层或多层 二次风口 28; 布风锥的另两面与炉膛前后墙 43、 44相对的侧墙 83、 84 为竖直设置。 二次风口 28与从布风锥 8下方引入的二次风管道相通。 在 炉膛两侧墙 41、 42上也布置有一层或多层二次风口 24， 其与布风锥上的 二次风口 28高度一致。
布风锥 8的两面向内倾斜的侧壁 81、 82在布风锥 8顶部汇聚为一条 与布风板 11平行的棱线， 棱线处设有横置的集箱 31， 侧壁 81、 82的水 冷壁管汇聚于集箱 31 中， 从集箱 31 向上引出两片管屏 53、 54, 分别靠 集箱 31 的两端头设置； 布风锥 8的另两面竖直设置的侧墙 83、 84的水 冷壁管向上延伸， 汇入与集箱 31高度相同的水平集箱 32中 （集箱 31与 集箱 32相连通， 构成工字形集箱）， 形成管屏 51和管屏 52 ; 管屏 51、 管屏 52分别与管屏 53、 54呈 T字形布置， 分别构成两组横截面呈 T形 的扩展受热屏 5。 管屏 53与管屏 54不相接， 二者之间留有连通管屏两侧 的空间， 可供炉膛内物料和气体自由流动。 （集箱 31与集箱 32也可以不 相连通， 二者在高度上略为错开， 以便布置。）
扩展受热屏 5 从布风锥 8顶部沿炉膛高度方向一直延伸至炉膛顶棚 45， 并穿过顶棚 45汇集于炉膛顶部集箱 7。
布风锥 8顶部也可以不设集箱， 通过布风锥 8侧壁 81、 82的水冷壁 管采用三通管或双层屏的方式直接向上延伸而成管屏 53、 54 , 此时管屏 53、 54连成一片， 之间不留空间， 使两个 T字形的扩展受热屏连成一个 工字形的扩展受热屏。 采用三通管的扩展受热屏的俯视图如图 4 所示， 形成双层屏的扩展受热屏的俯视图如图 5所示。 当炉膛前后墙 43与 44下部为倾斜设置时， 布风锥 8的两面竖直设 置的侧墙上也可以设有二次风口， 如图 6所示。
布风锥 8侧壁也可以由汽冷膜式壁构成， 扩展受热屏 5 相应的为汽 冷屏。
图 7示出了炉膛 4底部带有两个布风锥 8的情况， 此时炉膛布风板 呈 "日"字形， 布风锥 8顶部带有两个连成一体的 T字形扩展受热屏 5。 实施例 2
如图 8所示的循环流化床锅炉， 由底部带风室 1的炉膛 4、 带有旋风 分离器入口管道 61 的旋风分离器 6、 返料器 （图中未示出） 与尾部烟道 (图中未示出） 组成； 六个旋风分离器 6布置在炉膛的左侧墙 41与右侧 墙 42的外侧， 炉膛 4底部、 布风板 11上设有一个布风锥 8， 使炉膛布风 板 11呈 "口"字形。
布风锥 8 侧壁由四片敷设耐火材料的膜式水冷壁围合而成， 底部中 空， 与大气相通。 布风锥 8的四面侧壁中， 与炉膛左、 右侧墙 41、 42相 对的两面 81、 82向布风锥底面投影中心方向倾斜， 在布风锥 8顶部形成 一条与布风板 11 平行的棱线， 棱线处设置水平的集箱 33 ; 其余两面 83、 84也向布风锥底面投影中心方向倾斜， 并与布风锥侧壁 81、 82相交， 形 成 4条与布风板 11成夹角的棱线。
在 4条棱线上方、 与集箱 33大致相同的高度上分别设置水平的集箱 34。 集箱 33与集箱 34可以是分体的， 也可以是相通的、 形成 Y形集箱。
布风锥侧壁 81、 82 中部的水冷壁管汇集到集箱 33 中， 布风锥侧壁 81、 82靠近两端的水冷壁管和布风锥侧壁 83、 84的水冷壁管在上述 4条 棱线处折弯， 向上延伸、 汇集到集箱 34 中。 从集箱 33、 34 向上引出 Y 形的扩展受热屏 5， 一直延伸至炉膛顶棚 45， 并穿过顶棚 45汇集于炉膛 顶部集箱 7。
在布风锥侧壁 81、 82、 83、 84上均可设有二次风口 28， 二次风口 2 与从布风锥 8底部引入的二次风管道连通。 炉膛两侧墙 41、 42及前后墙 43、 44上也可设置二次风口 24。 尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例， 对于本领域的普通技术人 员而言， 可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实 施例进行变化。 本发明的适用范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种循环流化床锅炉， 包括：
炉膛侧壁； 设置在炉膛底部的布风板； 以及
设置在布风板上的至少一个布风锥，
其中：
每一个布风锥从布风板向上延伸到炉膛内部而在延伸方向上具有渐 缩的形状， 形成布风锥的布风锥侧壁设置有二次风口， 布风锥侧壁与炉 膛侧壁间隔开， 顶棚、 炉膛侧壁、 布风板、 布风锥侧壁围合成炉膛燃烧 空间。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其中：
对于每一个布风锥而言：
布风锥包括相对布置的两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁和相对布置的两个 竖直布风锥侧壁；
两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁在布风锥的顶端相接或汇合、 且与所述两 个竖直布风锥侧壁相接， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱 线大致平行于布风板；
二次风口分别设置在两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁上。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成；
在所述棱线处形成与布风板平行的第一集箱， 两个第一倾斜布风锥 侧壁汇集到该第一集箱中， 从所述第一集箱竖直向上引出第一膜式壁受 热屏。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述第一膜式壁受热屏布置在所述第一集箱的整个长度方向上。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述第一膜式壁受热屏具有设置在靠近第一集箱两端的两个第一受 热屏部分， 该两个第一受热屏部分沿所述第一集箱的长度方向间隔开。
6、 根据权利要求 3-5中任一项所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述两个竖直布风锥侧壁竖直向上延伸构成第二膜式壁受热屏。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述第二竖直布风锥侧壁在第二集箱处汇集， 所述第二集箱垂直于 第一集箱， 且设置在与所述第一集箱的高度相同的高度位置。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述第一集箱与第二集箱彼此相通。
9、 根据权利要求 6所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述第二竖直布风锥侧壁在第二集箱处汇集， 所述第二集箱垂直于 第一集箱， 且设置在与所述第一集箱的高度不同的高度位置。
10、 根据权利要求 2所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成；
两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁汇入布置在所述棱线处的三通管， 两个第 一倾斜布风锥侧壁分别与三通管的两个支管相通， 所述三通管的第三支 管竖直向上延伸形成第一膜式壁受热屏。
11、 根据权利要求 2所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成；
两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁在所述棱线处相接然后竖直向上并行延伸 形成第一膜式壁受热屏， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏为双层管屏。
12、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述两个竖直布风锥侧壁竖直向上延伸构成第二膜式壁受热屏。
13、 根据权利要求 6或 12所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏在两个第一倾斜布 风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱线的端部处形成 T 形扩展受热面， 第一膜 式壁受热屏构成所述 T 形的一竖， 而所述第二膜式壁受热屏构成所述 T 形的一横， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏通过鳍片悍 接在一起。
14、 根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其中：
对于每一个布风锥而言：
布风锥包括相对布置的两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁和相对布置的两个 第二倾斜布风锥侧壁，
两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁在布风锥的顶端相接或汇合、 且与所述两 个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁相接， 两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成 的棱线大致平行于布风板，
二次风口分别设置在两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁上。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的锅炉， 其中：
二次风口还设置在两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁上。
16、 根据权利要求 14所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成；
在所述棱线处形成与布风板平行的第一集箱， 两个第一倾斜布风锥 侧壁汇集到该第一集箱中， 从所述第一集箱竖直向上引出第一膜式壁受 热屏。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述第一膜式壁受热屏布置在所述第一集箱的整个长度方向上。
18、 根据权利要求 16所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述第一膜式壁受热屏具有设置在靠近第一集箱两端的两个第一受 热屏部分， 该两个第一受热屏部分沿所述第一集箱的长度方向间隔开。
19、 根据权利要求 16-18中任一项所述的锅炉， 其中：
两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁分别与两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接， 在 相接形成的棱线处的上方均设置有第二集箱， 两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁 的膜式壁汇入所述第二集箱， 且自所述第二集箱向上竖直延伸引出相应 的第二膜式壁受热屏。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的锅炉， 其中：
每个第二集箱均水平设置在与所述第一集箱的高度相同的高度位置。
21、 根据权利要求 14所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成；
两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁汇入布置在所述棱线处的三通管， 两个第 一倾斜布风锥侧壁分别与三通管的两个支管相通， 所述三通管的第三支 管竖直向上延伸形成第一膜式壁受热屏。
22、 根据权利要求 14所述的锅炉， 其中： 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成；
两个第一倾斜布风锥侧壁在所述棱线处相接然后竖直向上并行延伸 形成第一膜式壁受热屏， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏为双层管屏。
23、 根据权利要求 21或 22所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述两个第二倾斜布风锥侧壁与所述第一倾斜布风锥侧壁相接后竖 直向上延伸构成第二膜式壁受热屏。
24、 根据权利要求 19或 23所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏在两个第一倾斜布 风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱线的端部处形成 Y 形扩展受热面， 第一膜 式壁受热屏构成所述 Y 形的一竖， 而所述第二膜式壁受热屏构成所述 Y 形的 V， 所述第一膜式壁受热屏与所述第二膜式壁受热屏通过鳍片悍接在 一起。
25、 根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其中：
炉膛侧壁上设置有另外的二次风口。
26、 根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其中：
布风锥包括邻近布风板的下部部分和远离布风板的上部部分， 其中 所述下部部分从所述布风板竖直向上延伸， 所述上部部分从与所述下部 部分的相接处向上渐缩延伸。
27、 根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其中：
布风锥的平行于布风板的截面形成为长圆形或者边数大于 4 的多边 形。
28、 根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述布风锥侧壁下方形成不属于炉膛燃烧空间且与炉膛外部环境相 通的空间， 用于设置二次风管道。
29、 根据权利要求 1-28中任一项所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述布风锥的结构关于垂直于炉膛前后墙的第一炉膛中分面对称布 置。
30、 根据权利要求 29所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述布风锥的结构关于垂直于炉膛左右墙的炉膛中分面对称布置。
31、 根据权利要求 29所述的锅炉， 其中： 第一倾斜布风锥侧壁均大致垂直于炉膛前后墙布置。
32、 根据权利要求 31所述的锅炉， 其中：
所述布风板上设置有多个布风锥， 所述布风锥彼此间隔开。
33、 根据权利要求 32所述的锅炉， 其中：
每一个布风锥的尺寸和结构彼此相同。
34、 根据权利要求 3-13、 16-24中任一项所述的锅炉， 还包括： 设置在顶棚上方的一个或多个炉膛顶部集箱， 竖直向上引出或延伸 的膜式壁受热屏穿过顶棚后汇集于对应的炉膛顶部集箱中。
35、 根据权利要求 3-13、 16-24中任一项所述的锅炉， 其中： 布风锥侧壁朝向炉膛燃烧空间的一面上敷设有耐火材料。
36、 一种用于循环流化床锅炉的布风装置， 设置在该锅炉的布风板 上， 其中：
所述布风装置为布风锥的形式， 布风锥从布风板向上延伸到炉膛内 部而在延伸方向上具有渐缩的形状， 形成布风锥的布风锥侧壁设置有二 次风口。
37、 根据权利要求 36所述的布风装置， 其中：
所述布风锥侧壁下方形成不属于炉膛燃烧空间且与炉膛外部环境相 通的空间， 用于设置二次风管道。
38、 根据权利要求 36或 37所述的布风装置， 其中：
布风锥包括相对布置的两个倾斜布风锥侧壁， 两个倾斜布风锥侧壁 在布风锥的顶端相接或汇合， 两个倾斜布风锥侧壁相接或汇合形成的棱 线大致平行于布风板；
二次风口分别设置在两个倾斜布风锥侧壁上。
39、 根据权利要求 36-38中任一项所述的布风装置， 其中： 所述布风锥侧壁由膜式壁构成。
40、 一种用于循环流化床锅炉的布风装置组件， 包括：
根据权利要求 39所述的布风装置； 以及
从所述布风锥向上延伸而形成扩展受热面的膜式壁受热屏， 所述膜 式壁受热屏与对应的布风锥侧壁的膜式壁流体相通。
PCT/CN2013/090309 2012-12-31 2013-12-24 大型循环流化床锅炉、布风装置和布风装置组件 WO2014101746A1 (zh)

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