WO2014097978A1 - アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患の治療及び/又は予防用の医薬組成物 - Google Patents
アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患の治療及び/又は予防用の医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
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- G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
- G01N33/5023—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects on expression patterns
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
- G01N33/5041—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects involving analysis of members of signalling pathways
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
- G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
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- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4709—Amyloid plaque core protein
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- G01N2333/52—Assays involving cytokines
- G01N2333/54—Interleukins [IL]
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- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
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- G01N2800/2814—Dementia; Cognitive disorders
- G01N2800/2821—Alzheimer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating and / or preventing a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for screening a compound for treating and / or preventing a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein accumulates.
- a ⁇ aminoid ⁇ protein
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- a ⁇ is produced by two-stage proteolysis of amyloid ⁇ precursor protein (APP) in neurons. Initial cleavage at extracellular sites near the membrane is catalyzed by ⁇ -secretase, producing a secreted N-terminal ectodomain (sAPP ⁇ ) and a transmembrane C-terminal fragment (APP-CTF ⁇ or APP-C99) .
- APP amyloid ⁇ precursor protein
- in-membrane aspartyl protease ⁇ -secretase (macromolecular complex consisting of the following four core components: presenilin, nicastrin, anterior pharynxectivedefective-1 (APH-1), presenilincerenhancer-2 ( PEN-2)) degrades APP-C99 into A ⁇ and APP intracellular domain (AICD) (see FIG. 4).
- APH-1 anterior pharynxectivedefective-1
- PEN-2 presenilincerenhancer-2
- AICD APP intracellular domain
- Patent Document 1 reports a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease.
- the invention relates to a method for qualifying Alzheimer's disease state in a subject, the method comprising: (a) measuring at least one biomarker in a biological sample derived from the subject. Wherein the at least one biomarker is selected from saposin D (I), saposin D (II), saposin D (III) and FAM3C (I); and (b) measuring the results of Alzheimer A step of associating with a disease state.
- Patent Document 1 only describes the use of four types of proteins as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, and does not describe other uses.
- the present invention is for treatment and / or prevention of a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated, including a protein that reduces A ⁇ production but does not inhibit Notch cleavage, or a vector into which a polynucleotide encoding the protein is inserted.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for screening a compound that decreases A ⁇ production but increases the expression level of a protein that does not inhibit Notch cleavage.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a screening method for a compound having activity similar to a protein that reduces A ⁇ production but does not inhibit Notch cleavage.
- ILEI interleukin-like
- epithelial-mesenchymal (transition) inducer also known as family -with sequence -similarity -3, member -C-(FAM3C)
- ILEI is a secreted protein.
- a recombinant ILEI protein produced by cultured animal cells acts from the outside of the cells, so that A ⁇ production in cultured cells is dose-dependent. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention has been completed on the basis of these findings, and has been completed.
- the present invention provides the following pharmaceutical composition, screening method and treatment and / or prevention method.
- composition (I) A pharmaceutical composition for treating and / or preventing a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein accumulates abnormally, comprising a vector into which a polynucleotide encoding ILEI or ILEI is inserted. (I-2) The pharmaceutical composition according to (I-1), wherein the disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated is Alzheimer's disease. (I-3) Use of ILEI or a vector into which ILEI-encoding polynucleotide is inserted in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of diseases in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated.
- Screening method 1 A method for screening a compound for treating and / or preventing a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein accumulates abnormally, comprising the following steps: (1) contacting a candidate compound with a cell expressing ILEI; and (2) A step of selecting a compound that increases the expression level of ILEI as compared to the case where no candidate compound is present.
- II-2 The screening method according to (II-1), wherein the disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated is Alzheimer's disease.
- (III) Screening method 2 (III-1) A method for screening a compound for treating and / or preventing a disease having an activity similar to ILEI and abnormally accumulating amyloid ⁇ protein, comprising the following steps: (1) contacting a candidate compound with a cell producing amyloid ⁇ protein; and (2) Select a compound that does not inhibit Notch cleavage, reduces amyloid ⁇ protein production, and reduces APP-CTF (amyloid- ⁇ precursor protein C-terminal fragment) compared to the case where no candidate compound is present Process.
- IV Treatment and / or prevention method
- IV-1 A method for treating and / or preventing a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein accumulates abnormally, comprising administering a vector into which a polynucleotide encoding ILEI or ILEI is inserted.
- IV-2) The treatment and / or prevention method according to (IV-1), wherein the disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated is Alzheimer's disease.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention acts from the outside of a cell and has an excellent effect of not inhibiting Notch cleavage while reducing A ⁇ production of the cell by selectively reducing APP-C99. Therefore, it is possible to prevent and treat the progression of a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated (particularly Alzheimer's disease), and to avoid the side effects observed with the administration of a ⁇ -secretase inhibitor.
- examples of diseases in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated include Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome.
- ILEI The present inventors screened proteins that bind to the ⁇ -secretase complex and identified ILEI as one of them. And from the analysis used in cultured cells, the ILEI (i) reduces A ⁇ production, (ii) binds to ⁇ -secretase complex, but does not affect its activity, (iii) A ⁇ production It has been found that the intracellular level of the intermediate product APP-C99 is decreased, (iv) Notch cleavage is not inhibited, (v) brain A ⁇ is decreased when forcedly expressed in mice by a transgenic technique.
- ILEI is a secreted protein identified by database search for a cytokine-like structure having a 4-helix bundle structure, and is well preserved evolutionarily. ILEI is released from the membrane of secretory vesicles after translation, by cleaving the signal sequence of the full-length precursor protein.
- ILEI means a protein unless otherwise specified.
- amino acid sequence of ILEI the one described in SEQ ID NO: 1 can be mentioned (GenBank Accession No. NP_055703). Positions 1 to 24 of SEQ ID NO: 1 are signal peptides, and the mature protein is a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence of positions 25 to 227 of SEQ ID NO: 1 (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- ILEI includes both full-length proteins and mature proteins.
- ILEI is a variant of the protein represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 as long as it has a biological activity equivalent to that of the protein consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2. May be.
- mutants examples include 1 or 2 or more, for example, 1 to 50, 1 to 25, 1 to 12, 1 to 9, 1 to 5 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
- a protein having an amino acid sequence substituted, deleted or added examples include 1 or 2 or more, for example, 1 to 50, 1 to 25, 1 to 12, 1 to 9, 1 to 5 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
- ILEI can reduce A ⁇ production of cells by selectively reducing APP-C99, and has a very specific biological activity that has not been reported so far as not inhibiting Notch cleavage. ILEI can also act from outside the cell.
- compositions for the treatment and / or prevention of a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated, comprising ILEI or a vector into which a polynucleotide encoding ILEI is inserted.
- ILEI it is desirable to use a mature protein without a signal sequence.
- ILEI can be produced according to a known protein production method.
- ILEI can be produced by obtaining a gene using information on a known gene sequence and preparing a transformant.
- the produced ILEI can be purified by affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydroxyapatite column chromatography, ammonium sulfate salt folding method, or the like.
- a polynucleotide encoding a secretory ILEI having a signal sequence can suppress A ⁇ production by acting from outside the cell.
- a polynucleotide encoding ILEI can be produced according to a known polynucleotide production method, for example, a primer that can chemically synthesize a polynucleotide based on sequence information of the ILEI gene or amplify the ILEI gene And can be produced by PCR using complementary DNA (cDNA) as a template.
- the vector include adenovirus vectors, retrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors, adeno-associated virus vectors and the like. Administration of the vector may be either in vivo or ex vivo.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered to mammals including humans.
- Administration of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be local or systemic. There is no restriction
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a pharmaceutically acceptable form suitable for administration to humans and includes a physiologically acceptable additive.
- a composition may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, buffer, solubilizer (e.g., a cyclodextrin, polyethylene glycol, or a surfactant such as Tween, pluronic, cremophor, phospholipid), a soothing agent.
- solubilizer e.g., a cyclodextrin, polyethylene glycol, or a surfactant such as Tween, pluronic, cremophor, phospholipid
- a component such as a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, a stabilizer, or an antioxidant (for example, ascorbic acid) may be further contained as necessary.
- the administration method, dosage form, and the like of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are appropriately selected so as to achieve a concentration that effectively suppresses the production of A ⁇ around cells targeted by ILEI.
- the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is appropriately
- the content of ILEI in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be appropriately selected from the range of 0.01 to 100% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 100% by weight.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can prevent and treat the progression of a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated (particularly Alzheimer's disease). Furthermore, since ILEI does not inhibit Notch cleavage, the side effects observed with administration of ⁇ -secretase inhibitors can be avoided.
- Screening method 1 The method for screening a compound for treating and / or preventing a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein of the present invention accumulates abnormally comprises the following steps: (1) contacting a candidate compound with a cell expressing ILEI; and (2) A step of selecting a compound that increases the expression level of ILEI as compared to the case where no candidate compound is present.
- the cell is not particularly limited as long as it expresses ILEI, and examples thereof include a cell into which the ILEI gene has been introduced.
- Candidate compounds can also be used without particular limitation, and examples include low molecular compounds, high molecular compounds, biopolymers (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, etc.), and various compound libraries containing such compounds. Can be used.
- the expression level of ILEI when contacting a candidate compound with a cell is 10% or more, preferably 25% or more, more preferably 50% or more, compared to the case where the candidate compound is not present.
- the compound when the increase is 75% or more, can be selected as effective for the treatment and prevention of diseases in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated.
- the method for detecting the expression level of ILEI is by detecting mRNA encoding ILEI or ILEI itself. Extraction of mRNA or protein from a biological sample can be performed according to a conventional method.
- the method for detecting mRNA is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of quantifying mRNA, and examples thereof include DNA chip method, realtime PCR method, Northern blot method and the like.
- the method for detecting mRNA here also includes detecting cDNA corresponding to mRNA.
- the method for detecting the protein is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of quantifying the protein, and examples thereof include an ELISA method, a protein chip, an analysis method by Western blotting, and the like.
- the compound selected by the above method and capable of increasing the expression of ILEI can be effective for the treatment and prevention of diseases in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated (particularly Alzheimer's disease).
- a method for screening a compound for treating and / or preventing a disease in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated having an activity similar to that of ILEI of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) contacting a candidate compound with a cell producing amyloid ⁇ protein; and (2) A step of selecting a compound that does not inhibit Notch cleavage, decreases amyloid ⁇ protein production, and decreases APP-CTF as compared to the case where no candidate compound is present.
- the cells and candidate compounds are the same as described above.
- amyloid ⁇ protein production when a candidate compound is brought into contact with a cell is 10% or more, preferably 25% or more, more preferably 50%, compared to the case where no candidate compound is present.
- APP-CTF when a candidate compound is brought into contact with the cell is 10% or more, preferably 25% or more, more preferably 50% or more, compared to the case where the candidate compound is not present If it has decreased more than 75%, more preferably: (c) When the candidate compound is brought into contact with the cell, the level of Notch cleavage is not reduced compared to the case where the candidate compound is not present, preferably not more than 10%. .
- the method for detecting amyloid ⁇ protein and APP-CTF is not particularly limited as long as they can be quantified, and examples thereof include an ELISA method, a protein chip, and an analysis method by Western blotting.
- the method for detecting the Notch cleavage level can be carried out, for example, by detecting NICDNIC (Notch intracellular domain) released by being cleaved by ⁇ -secretase.
- the method for detecting NICD is not particularly limited as long as it can be quantified, and examples thereof include an ELISA method, a protein chip, an analysis method by Western blotting, and the like.
- APP-CTF means a transmembrane C-terminal fragment (CTF) of APP.
- CTF transmembrane C-terminal fragment
- APP-C99 is particularly desirable because it is directly related to A ⁇ production.
- the compound selected by the above method and having an activity similar to ILEI can be effective in the treatment and prevention of diseases in which amyloid ⁇ protein is abnormally accumulated (particularly Alzheimer's disease).
- Method ⁇ Plasmid> A cDNA encoding ILEI / FAM3C with or without a stop codon was amplified from a human brain cDNA library (Clontech) using PCR and inserted into pcDNA6 / V5-His (Invitrogen).
- pcDNA6 / V5-His Invitrogen.
- the oligonucleotide 5′-GGAGAAGUAUUAGACACU-3 ′ was inserted into pSUP (Oligoengine).
- pSUP Oligonucleotide
- 5 neutral mutations were introduced into ILEI cDNA using PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis. The sequence of all constructs was confirmed by sequencing.
- Anti-human ILEI polyclonal antibody is a rabbit against a synthetic polypeptide (C + GGDVAPFIEFLKAIQDGT) corresponding to amino acid residues 126-143 of ILEI in which thyroglobulin is bound to a Cys residue added to the N-terminus. was produced. This antibody was purified using immunoaffinity chromatography with immobilized antigen. The following antibodies were also used: rabbit polyclonal anti-APP-CTF antibody and mouse monoclonal anti- ⁇ -actin antibody (Sigma); mouse monoclonal anti-Notch-1 antibody (AbD Serotec); mouse monoclonal anti-human A ⁇ antibody (4G8, Covance).
- siRNA duplexes were purchased from Dharmacon: siGENOME SMART pool M-020514 for ILEI knockdown and D001210 for non-targeted control.
- the M-020514 pool consisted of four duplexes targeting the following sequences: F1: 5'-GAACAGCACAUAAAGAACA-3 '; F2: 5'-GGAGAAGUAUUAGACACUA-3'; F3: 5'-GGAGCACAUCUAUUACUAA-3 '; F4: 5'-GAACAAUAAGGAUACAAAC-3'.
- siRNA duplexes were introduced into cultured cells using Lipofectamine RNAi MAX (Invitrogen).
- ⁇ Immunoblotting> The brain homogenate was dissolved in a buffer containing 1% Nonidet P40 (25 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, protease inhibitor cocktail and 10% glycerol). Immunoblotting was performed as previously reported (Nishimura, M., et al. Nat Med 5, 164-169 (1999)).
- the left half of the mouse brain was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer for 24 hours at 4 ° C. and cut with a cryostat as a 20 ⁇ m thick floating section. Sections were incubated for 30 minutes in PBS 0.3% H 2 O 2 and then each primary antibody at 24 ° C. for 24 hours followed by a biotinylated secondary antibody followed by avidin / biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex (Vector Laboratories ). The immune response was detected using 0.03% 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride containing 0.003% H 2 O 2 and 0.5 mg ml ⁇ 1 nickel ammonium sulfate hexahydrate.
- ⁇ ILEI-Tg mouse> The gene transfer vector pMoPrP-ILEI was constructed by subcloning the XhoI-XhoI fragment of human ILEI cDNA into the XhoI site of the MoPrP vector containing the mouse prion promoter for neuron-specific expression.
- Transgenic mice were generated by injecting pMoPrP-ILEI DNA into C57BL / 6 mouse fertilized eggs using standard techniques. Primary transgenic individuals were identified using PCR (see below).
- the genotype of the transgenic mice was determined by PCR using the following transgene specific primer pairs: mPrP-s 5'-CTGCTCCATTTTGCGTGACTC-3 'and hFAM3C-as 5'-CTTCCAGGCAGATTTTGGGTC-3'.
- mice brain A ⁇ measurements the right half of the mouse brain was motor-driven Tefron / glass homogenizer (10 strokes) in a 4-fold solution of Tris buffer (20 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM mM EDTA). ) was used to homogenize. The homogenate was centrifuged at 100,000 ⁇ g for 20 minutes and the supernatant was used as the soluble fraction. The pellet was dissolved by a short sonication in a 1 volume solution of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5-6 M guanidine hydrochloride, and centrifuged at 100,000 ⁇ g for 10 minutes. The supernatant was diluted 12-fold and used as an insoluble fraction. Soluble and insoluble fractions were subjected to DC protein assay (BioRad) and mouse / rat A ⁇ 40 and A ⁇ 42 specific ELISA (IBL). The A ⁇ concentration was determined as the molar concentration per total protein weight.
- Tris buffer 20 m
- Test example 1 Control or ILEI-specific siRNA was transiently transfected into HEK293 cells. A ⁇ 40 (black) and A ⁇ 42 (gray) in the culture were measured using ELISA (FIG. 1a). From FIG. 1a, RNAi-mediated knockdown of endogenous ILEI in HEK293 cells resulted in approximately double A ⁇ 40 and A ⁇ 42 levels in restriction medium.
- ILEI cDNA was transiently transfected into HEK293 cells.
- a ⁇ 40 (black) and A ⁇ 42 (gray) in the culture were measured using ELISA (FIG. 1b). From FIG. 1b, overexpression of ILEI reduced A ⁇ secretion by HEK293 cells.
- HEK293 cells transfected with control or ILEI siRNA or ILEI cDNA (ILEI-k / d and ILEI-oe in the figure, respectively) were treated with N ethyl maleimide (NEM) for 60 minutes to prevent AICD degradation.
- AICD production was suppressed by DAPT treatment, a ⁇ -secretase inhibitor (D in the figure).
- ⁇ -actin was used as a sample volume control.
- FIG. 1c shows that ILEI knockdown increases AICD production and ILEI overexpression decreases AICD production.
- ⁇ -secretase cleavage of endogenous Notch-1 in mouse fetal fibroblasts was tested (FIG. 1d).
- Treatment of MEF with EDTA® (1.5 mM) induces the cleavage of TMIC® (transmembrane / intracellular® Notch) and generates NEXT® (Notch® extracellular® truncation).
- NEXT is further cleaved by ⁇ -secretase to release NICD (Notch intracellular domain).
- NICD production was inhibited by DAPT (1 ⁇ M).
- ⁇ -actin was used as a sample volume control.
- Test example 2 Purified ILEI-His at the indicated concentration ( ⁇ g ml ⁇ 1 ) was added to the culture medium of HEK293 cells stably knocked down ILEI. The results are shown in FIG. Administration of purified ILEI-His reduced A ⁇ secretion in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 7 ⁇ g ml ⁇ 1 , A ⁇ secretion was reduced to the same extent as the introduction of siRNA resistant ILEI cDNA.
- Test example 3 In order to analyze the results of ILEI overexpression in the mammalian brain, transgenic (Tg) mice using the mouse prion (PrP) promoter were developed to significantly promote the expression of the human ILEI cDNA transgene in the brain. Heterozygous Tg mice showed normal growth and fertility without morphological abnormalities.
- FIG. 3a it was shown by immunohistochemistry that ILEI is expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal neurons of the wild type and ILEI-Tg mouse brain. Like wild-type mice, ILEI expression was restricted to neurons in the brains of Tg mice.
- ILEI-Tg mice and their wild-type littermate brain homogenates were subjected to immunoblotting.
- ⁇ -actin was analyzed as a sample volume control. Immunoblotting of brain homogenates showed that ILEI protein levels increased approximately 3-fold in Tg mouse brains compared to wild-type littermates (FIG. 3b). It was also revealed that APP-CTF levels in the brains of Tg mice were reduced by 30% and that there was no change in NICD levels (FIG. 3b).
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Abstract
Description
(I-1) ILEI、又はILEIをコードするポリヌクレオチドが挿入されたベクターを含む、アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患の治療及び/又は予防用の医薬組成物。
(I-2) アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患がアルツハイマー病である、(I-1)に記載の医薬組成物。
(I-3) アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患の治療及び/又は予防用の医薬組成物の製造における、ILEI、又はILEIをコードするポリヌクレオチドが挿入されたベクターの使用。
(II-1) 以下の工程を含む、アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患を治療及び/又は予防するための化合物のスクリーニング方法:
(1) ILEIを発現する細胞に候補となる化合物を接触させる工程、及び
(2) 候補となる化合物が存在しない場合と比較し、ILEIの発現レベルを増加させる化合物を選択する工程。
(II-2) アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患がアルツハイマー病である、(II-1)に記載のスクリーニング方法。
(III-1) 以下の工程を含む、ILEIと類似の活性を有する、アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患を治療及び/又は予防するための化合物のスクリーニング方法:
(1) アミロイドβタンパク質を産生する細胞に候補となる化合物を接触させる工程、及び
(2) 候補となる化合物が存在しない場合と比較し、Notch切断を阻害せず、アミロイドβタンパク質産生を減少させ且つAPP-CTF (amyloid-β precursor protein C-terminal fragment)を減少させる化合物を選択する工程。
(III-2) アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患がアルツハイマー病である、(III-1)に記載のスクリーニング方法。
(IV-1) ILEI、又はILEIをコードするポリヌクレオチドが挿入されたベクターを投与することを特徴とするアミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患の治療及び/又は予防方法。
(IV-2) アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患がアルツハイマー病である、(IV-1)に記載の治療及び/又は予防方法。
本発明者らは、γセクレターゼ複合体に結合するタンパク質をスクリーニングし、その一つとしてILEIを同定した。そして、培養細胞に用いた解析から、当該ILEIが、(i)Aβ産生を減少させる、(ii)γセクレターゼ複合体に結合するが、その活性には影響を与えない、(iii)Aβ産生の中間産物APP-C99の細胞内レベルを減少させる、(iv)Notch切断を阻害しない、(v)トランジェニック技術によりマウスに強制発現させると脳Aβを減少させること等を見出した。
本願発明は、アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患の治療及び/又は予防用の医薬組成物であって、ILEI、又はILEIをコードするポリヌクレオチドが挿入されたベクターを含むことを特徴とする。
本発明のアミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患を治療及び/又は予防するための化合物のスクリーニング方法は、以下の工程を含むことを特徴とする:
(1) ILEIを発現する細胞に候補となる化合物を接触させる工程、及び
(2) 候補となる化合物が存在しない場合と比較し、ILEIの発現レベルを増加させる化合物を選択する工程。
本発明のILEIと類似の活性を有する、アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患を治療及び/又は予防するための化合物のスクリーニング方法は、以下の工程を含むことを特徴とする:
(1) アミロイドβタンパク質を産生する細胞に候補となる化合物を接触させる工程、及び
(2) 候補となる化合物が存在しない場合と比較し、Notch切断を阻害せず、アミロイドβタンパク質産生を減少させ且つAPP-CTFを減少させる化合物を選択する工程。
(a) 候補となる化合物を細胞に接触させた場合のアミロイドβタンパク質産生を、候補となる化合物が存在していない場合と比較し、10%以上、好ましくは25%以上、より好ましくは50%以上、更に好ましくは75%以上減少していた場合:
(b) 候補となる化合物を細胞に接触させた場合のAPP-CTFを、候補となる化合物が存在していない場合と比較し、10%以上、好ましくは25%以上、より好ましくは50%以上、更に好ましくは75%以上減少していた場合:
(c) 候補となる化合物を細胞に接触させた場合のNotch切断レベルを、候補となる化合物が存在していない場合と比較し、低下無し、好ましくは10%以上には低下していなかった場合。
<プラスミド>
ストップコドンを持つ又は持たないILEI/FAM3CをコードするcDNAは、ヒト脳cDNAライブラリー(Clontech)からPCRを使用して増幅し、pcDNA6/V5-His (Invitrogen)に挿入した。ILEIノックダウンベクターを構築するために、オリゴヌクレオチド5'-GGAGAAGUAUUAGACACU-3'をpSUP (Oligoengine)に挿入した。siRNA抵抗性ILEIのための発現プラスミドを調製するために、PCRに基づく部位特異的突然変異導入法を使用して5つの中立的変異をILEI cDNAに導入した。全ての構築物の配列は、シークエンシングによって確認した。
抗ヒトILEIポリクローナル抗体(ILEI-C)は、N末端に追加したCys残基にチログロブリンを結合させたILEIのアミノ酸残基126-143に対応する合成ポリペプチド(C+GGDVAPFIEFLKAIQDGT)に対してウサギで産生させた。この抗体は、固定化抗原を有するイムノアフィニティークロマトグラフィーを使用して精製した。次の抗体も使用した:ウサギポリクローナル抗APP-CTF抗体及びマウスモノクローナル抗βアクチン抗体(Sigma); マウスモノクローナル抗Notch-1抗体(AbD Serotec); マウスモノクローナル抗ヒトAβ抗体(4G8, Covance)。
次のsiRNA二重鎖をDharmaconから購入した:ILEIノックダウンのためのsiGENOME SMART pool M-020514及び非標的コントロールのためのD001210。M-020514 poolは次の配列を標的とする4つの二重鎖からなっていた:F1: 5'-GAACAGCACAUAAAGAACA-3'; F2: 5'-GGAGAAGUAUUAGACACUA-3'; F3:5'-GGAGCACAUCUAUUACUAA-3'; F4: 5'-GAACAAUAAGGAUACAAAC-3'。siRNA二重鎖はリポフェクタミンRNAi MAX (Invitrogen)を使用して培養細胞に導入された。
脳ホモジネートは、1% Nonidet P40を含むバッファー(25 mM HEPES, pH7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, protease inhibitor cocktail及び10%グリセロール)中で溶解した。イムノブロッティングは、以前に報告したように行った(Nishimura, M., et al. Nat Med 5, 164-169 (1999))。
マウスの脳の左半分を4℃で24時間、リン酸バッファー4%パラホルムアルデヒド中で固定し、クリオスタットで20μm厚さのフローティングセクションとして切断した。切片は30分間PBS 0.3%H2O2中でインキュベートし、それから24時間4℃で各々の一次抗体と、その後、ビオチン化二次抗体、次にアビジン/ビオチン化西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ複合体(Vector Laboratories)でインキュベートした。免疫反応は、0.003% H2O2と0.5 mg ml-1硫酸ニッケルアンモニウム六水和物を含む0.03% 3,3’-ジアミノベンジジン四塩酸塩を使用して検出した。
遺伝子導入ベクターpMoPrP-ILEIは、神経細胞特異的発現のためのマウスプリオンプロモーターを含むMoPrPベクターのXhoI部位にヒトILEI cDNAのXhoI-XhoIフラグメントをサブクローニングすることによって構築した。遺伝子導入マウスは、標準的な技術を用いてC57BL/6マウス受精卵にpMoPrP-ILEI DNAを注入することによって産生した。初代遺伝子導入個体は、PCRを用いて同定した(下記参照)。遺伝子導入マウスの遺伝型は、次の導入遺伝子特異的プライマー対を使用したPCRによって決定した:mPrP-s 5'-CTGCTCCATTTTGCGTGACTC-3'及びhFAM3C-as 5'-CTTCCAGGCAGATTTTGGGTC-3'。
細胞からの分泌Aβの測定は、当該細胞培養液を用いヒトAβ40及びAβ42特異的ELISA (和光純薬工業)によった。
統計的評価は、スチューデントのunpaired t検定を使用して行った。データは、平均±s.d. (標準偏差)で表している。統計学的有意性は、*p < 0.05又は**p < 0.01で定義した。
コントロール又はILEI特異的siRNAをHEK293細胞に一過性に形質移入した。培養液中のAβ40(黒)及びAβ42(グレー)をELISAを用いて測定した(図1a)。図1aから、HEK293細胞における内在性ILEIのRNAi媒介ノックダウンにより、制限培地中でAβ40とAβ42レベルが約2倍になるという結果になった。
安定的にILEIをノックダウンしたHEK293細胞の培養液中に、示された濃度(μg ml-1)の精製ILEI-Hisを添加した。結果を図2に示す。精製ILEI-Hisの投与は、用量依存的にAβ分泌を減少させた。濃度7μg ml-1では、siRNA抵抗性ILEI cDNAの導入と同程度にAβ分泌を減少させた。
哺乳類の脳におけるILEI過剰発現の結果を分析するため、脳でヒトILEI cDNA導入遺伝子の発現を顕著に促進するためにマウスプリオン(PrP)プロモーターを使用したトランスジェニック(Tg)マウスを開発した。ヘテロ接合性のTgマウスは、形態異常が無く通常の成長及び生殖能力を示した。
Claims (7)
- ILEI (interleukin-like epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer)、又はILEIをコードするポリヌクレオチドが挿入されたベクターを含む、アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患の治療及び/又は予防用の医薬組成物。
- アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患がアルツハイマー病である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 以下の工程を含む、アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患を治療及び/又は予防するための化合物のスクリーニング方法:
(1) ILEIを発現する細胞に候補となる化合物を接触させる工程、及び
(2) 候補となる化合物が存在しない場合と比較し、ILEIの発現レベルを増加させる化合物を選択する工程。 - アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患がアルツハイマー病である、請求項3に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- 以下の工程を含む、ILEIと類似の活性を有する、アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患を治療及び/又は予防するための化合物のスクリーニング方法:
(1) アミロイドβタンパク質を産生する細胞に候補となる化合物を接触させる工程、及び
(2) 候補となる化合物が存在しない場合と比較し、Notch切断を阻害せず、アミロイドβタンパク質産生を減少させ且つAPP-CTF (amyloid-β precursor protein C-terminal fragment)を減少させる化合物を選択する工程。 - アミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患がアルツハイマー病である、請求項5に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- ILEI、又はILEIをコードするポリヌクレオチドが挿入されたベクターを投与することを特徴とするアミロイドβタンパク質が異常に蓄積する疾患の治療及び/又は予防方法。
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