Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
  • F04B43/0009—Special features
  • F04B43/0054—Special features particularities of the flexible members
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
  • F04B43/0009—Special features
  • F04B43/0081—Special features systems, control, safety measures
  • F04B43/009—Special features systems, control, safety measures leakage control; pump systems with two flexible members; between the actuating element and the pumped fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
  • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
  • F04B43/06—Pumps having fluid drive
  • F04B43/067—Pumps having fluid drive the fluid being actuated directly by a piston
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
  • F16J3/00—Diaphragms; Bellows; Bellows pistons
  • F16J3/02—Diaphragms
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
  • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
  • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
  • G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
  • G01N27/08—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid which is flowing continuously
  • G01N27/10—Investigation or analysis specially adapted for controlling or monitoring operations or for signalling

Definitions

• the invention generally relates to the processing industry. More particularly, the invention relates to a piston pump arrangement suitable for hygienic applications, such as food processing, cosmetic product processing or pharmaceutical product processing.
• homogenizers within the food processing industry. For instance, within the dairy industry homogenizers are used for dividing fat globules into minor parts in order to obtain a stable fat emulsion against gravity separation. In other words, by homogenizing milk one can avoid that a cream layer is formed on top of the milk product. Other reasons for homogenizing food products are to achieve a more appetizing colour, reduced sensitivity of fat oxidation, more full bodied flavor, improved mouthfeel and better stability of cultured milk products.
• a homogenizer can be divided in two main parts, a high pressure pump forming a high pressure and a homogenizing device providing a gap through which the product is forced.
• the high pressure pump is a piston pump with three to five pistons.
• piston seals are used in order to make sure that unwanted microorganisms are not spread to the product when the pistons are moving back and forth piston seals are used.
• a common approach is to have at least two piston seals placed apart from each other such that a barrier can be formed between the product, placed on a so-called hygienic side, and non-hygienic parts of the homogenizer, such as crankcase and crankshaft using hydraulic oil, placed on a so-called non-hygienic side.
• non-aseptic homogenizers i.e. homogenizers placed upstream a heat treatment station
• a common approach is to have double piston seals with water provided between the seals to lubricate the pistons.
• aseptic homogenizers i.e. homogenizers placed downstream a heat treatment station
• a mixture of hot condensate and steam may be supplied between the seals in order to prevent re-infection.
• the homogenizer and the homogenizing process are further described in "Dairy Processing Handbook" published by Tetra Pak, hereby incorporated by reference.
• the present invention preferably seeks to mitigate, alleviate or eliminate one or more of the above-identified deficiencies in the art and disadvantages singly or in any combination and solves at least the above mentioned problems.
• a membrane comprising a main body having a first side and a second side, wherein said main body is made of an elastic material, and a coating provided on said second side of said main body, wherein said coating is made of plastic material.
• the second side may be configured to face a product chamber.
• the elastic material may be rubber.
• the rubber may be ethylenepropylenedienemonomer (EPDM).
• EPDM ethylenepropylenedienemonomer
• the plastic material may be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• the membrane arrangement may further comprise a marker liquid placed between said first membrane and said second membrane.
• the membrane arrangement may comprise of two individual membranes, but also a unit comprising two membranes connected by a membrane ring.
• the marker liquid should be interpreted broadly as any liquid, gel or other material that is able to forward a pressure from a piston to a product chamber and that changes one or more properties when hydraulic oil or product mixes with the marker liquid.
• the marker liquid may be salt water.
• the salt content may be 2%.
• the membrane arrangement may comprise a membrane ring connecting said first membrane and said second membrane to each other such that a membrane interior space is formed, wherein said membrane interior space is configured to hold said marker liquid.
• the membrane module may comprise a sampling opening in said membrane ring.
• the membrane arrangement may comprise a sensor configured to register at least one property of said marker liquid.
• the sensor may be configured to register conductivity.
• the sensor may be placed in said membrane interior space.
• a piston pump arrangement comprising at least one membrane according to the first aspect.
• a piston pump arrangement comprising a membrane arrangement according to the second aspect.
• a homogenizer comprising a piston pump arrangement according to the fourth or fifth aspect.
• a processing system comprising a piston pump arrangement according to the fourth or fifth aspect.
• the processing system may be a food processing system.
• the piston pump arrangement of the third aspect which may constitute a independent concept, may comprise at least one membrane separating a product chamber from a hydraulic oil chamber, and a pressure relief valve connected to said hydraulic oil chamber such that hydraulic oil can be fed out from said hydraulic oil chamber when an external pressure difference reaches said piston pump arrangement via said product chamber.
• the external pressure difference may be a sudden pressure difference formed elsewhere in a food processing line of which the piston pump arrangement is part.
• the pressure difference may be a pressure increase.
• the piston pump arrangement may further comprise a hydraulic oil tank connected to said hydraulic oil chamber via said pressure relief valve.
• the hydraulic oil tank may also be connected to said hydraulic oil chamber via an inlet valve such that hydraulic oil can be fed from said hydraulic oil tank to said hydraulic oil chamber.
• a first membrane and a second membrane may be provided for separating said product chamber and said hydraulic oil chamber, wherein a marker liquid may be placed between said first membrane and said second membrane.
• the marker liquid should be interpreted broadly as any liquid, gel or other material that is able to forward a pressure from a piston to a product chamber and that changes one or more properties when hydraulic oil or product mixes with the marker liquid.
• the piston pump arrangement may further comprise a membrane ring connecting said first membrane and said second membrane to each other such that a membrane interior space is formed, wherein said membrane interior space is configured to hold said marker liquid.
• the marker liquid may be a conductive solution, such as salt water.
• the salt content of the salt water may be 2%.
• the said second membrane may comprise a main body having a first side and a second side, wherein said main body may be made of an elastic material, and a coating provided on said second side of said main body, wherein said coating may be made of plastic material.
• the piston pump arrangement may comprise a sensor configured to register at least one property of said marker liquid.
• the sensor may be configured to register conductivity.
• a possible location for the sensor may in one or more embodiments be in the membrane interior space.
• the piston pump arrangement may be used for a homogenizer, which then comprises such piston pump arrangement. More generally speaking the piston pump arrangement may also form part of a processing system.
• such a processing system may comprise a spray dryer placed downstream the piston pump arrangement, and in the same or other embodiments the processing system may comprise a separator.
• Fig 1 schematically illustrates a homogenizer.
• Fig 2 schematically illustrates a so-called wet end of the homogenizer of fig 1 .
• Fig 3 schematically illustrates a wet end in a membrane equipped homogenizer.
• Fig 4 illustrates a number of different perspective views on a membrane.
• Fig 5a and 5b illustrate a membrane in a first mode and a second mode.
• Fig 6a, 6b and 6c illustrate a membrane module.
• Fig 7a and 7b illustrate an example of a conductivity sensor.
• Fig 8 illustrates a diagram presenting a relationship between conductivity and level of contaminant for a number of products and hydraulic oil.
• Fig 9 schematically illustrates a sampling sensor system.
• Fig 10a, 10b and 10c illustrates an example set up of a sampling sensor system.
• Fig 1 1 schematically illustrates a food processing system with a membrane equipped homogenizer provided with a pressure relief valve.
• Fig 1 generally illustrates a homogenizer 100, more particularly a homogenizer sold under the name Tetra AlexTM by Tetra Pak.
• the homogenizer 100 comprises two main parts, a high pressure pump and a homgenising device.
• the high pressure pump forms a high pressure and the homogenising device provides one or several gaps through which the product is forced with the effect that smaller fat globules are formed. Further effects of homogenization is more appetizing colour, reduced sensitivity to fat oxidation, more full-bodied flavour and better stability of cultured milk products.
• the high pressure pump is a piston pump driven by a main drive motor 101 connected via a belt transmission 102 and a gearbox 103 to a crankshaft placed in a crankcase 104.
• a crankshaft placed in a crankcase 104.
• the crankshaft By using the crankshaft the rotary motion is converted to a reciprocating motion driving pump pistons 105 back and forth.
• the pump pistons 105 run in cavities formed in a pump block 106 made to withstand the high pressure created by the pump pistons.
• homogenizing device 108 As described above, by forcing the product through one or several gaps the properties of the product can be changed.
• the reciprocating motion of the pump pistons 105 creates pulsations.
• Fig 2 illustrates a so-called wet end of the homogenizer in greater detail.
• the piston 105 is moving back and forth such that a high pressure is formed in a product chamber 200 in the pump block 106.
• One or several seals 202 are used for keeping a tight fitting between the piston 105 and a piston receiving element 204.
• the one or several seals 202 also keep the product in the product chamber 200 apart from the crankcase and other non-hygienic parts of the homogenizer.
• steam barriers or the like in combination with the piston seals 202.
• a wet end 300 of a membrane equipped homogenizer is illustrated.
• the homogenizer illustrated in fig 1 and 2 the homogenizer is provided with a piston 302, or more correctly a number of pistons, although only one of them is illustrated in this cross sectional view. Further, the piston 302 is forming a high pressure in a pump block 304.
• the wet end 300 is provided with a first membrane 306 and a second membrane 308.
• the first membrane 306 can be arranged such that a hydraulic oil chamber 310 and a membrane interior space 312, that is, a space formed between the first membrane 306 and the second membrane 308, is kept apart.
• the second membrane 308 can be arranged such that the membrane interior space 312 and a product chamber 314 are kept apart.
• a high pressure relief valve 316 can be connected to the hydraulic oil chamber 310 such that a pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber can be lowered by opening this valve.
• hydraulic oil may be fed into a tank.
• This tank may also be connected to an inlet in the hydraulic oil chamber via an inlet valve such that hydraulic oil can be fed into the hydraulic oil chamber at a later stage.
• a positive effect of this set up is that the hydraulic oil released via the high pressure relief valve 316 can be re-used.
• An example set up is illustrated in fig 1 1 .
• the reason for having hydraulic oil is that this is used for forwarding the pressure formed by the piston 302 via the first membrane 306 and the second membrane 308 to the product chamber 314, but also for lubricating the seals and in that way extend the life time of the seals.
• the piston is indirectly forming a pressure in the product chamber 314.
• An advantage of having membranes separating the product chamber 314 from the piston 302, crankshaft, crankcase and other parts placed on the non-hygienic side is that a well defined border is formed.
• An effect of this is that the risk that unwanted microorganisms pass the membranes into the product chamber 314 is significantly lowered.
• the membranes solution has the benefit that no steam barriers are needed. The effect of this in turn is that the operational costs for running the homogenizer can be significantly reduced. Also from an environmental perspective, using less steam is of significant value.
• a risk with membrane equipped homogenizers is that the membranes break and that hydraulic oil enters the product chamber. This may be a food safety hazard depending on the hydraulic oil being used, but it will with a high likelihood result in product losses.
• a marker liquid may be present in the membrane interior space 312, that is, the space formed between the first membrane 306 and the second membrane 308, . The aim of the marker liquid is to make it possible to detect a membrane rupture in a reliable, fast and cost efficient way.
• the marker liquid can be a liquid, such as salt water, but it can also be a gel or any other material capable of forwarding a pressure and changing properties, such as conductivity, when mixed with a hydraulic oil or a product.
• One way of detecting a membrane rupture is to have a conductive solution, such as a salt water, as marker liquid and to have a conductivity sensor continuously measuring conductivity of the marker liquid. If the first membrane 306 breaks, hydraulic oil will enter the membrane interior space 310 and mix with the marker liquid with the result that the conductivity is changed, provided of course that a hydraulic oil with different conductivity than the conductive solution has been chosen. On the other hand, if the second membrane 308 breaks product will enter the membrane interior space 312 and mix with the conductive solution. Provided that the product has a different conductivity than the conductive solution the conductivity will be altered. Hence, by having a conductive solution in the membrane interior space 312 it can be detected when both the first membrane 306 and the second membrane 308 breaks.
• a conductive solution such as a salt water
• a non-conductive solution can be used, or if difficult to find a non-conductive liquid, at least a solution with low conductivity. If having the non-conductive solution, such as deionized water, the conductivity will increase if the first membrane 306 or the second membrane 308 break, provided of course that the product and the hydraulic oil both have a higher conductivity than the non-conductive solution.
• a sample from the membrane interior space 312 may be taken and analyzed by a conductity sensor placed outside the membrane interior space 312.
• a conductity sensor placed outside the membrane interior space 312.
• One reason for not placing a conductivity sensor in the membrane interior space 312 is the high pressure. However, if having a conductivity sensor withstanding the high pressure the conductivity sensor may be placed in the membrane interior space.
• turbidity instead of measuring conductivity, or as a complement thereto, other parameters may be used, for instance turbidity.
• turbidity By having for instance a marker liquid with a turbidity different from a turbidity of the hydraulic oil and the product, turbidity will change in case of leakage due to membrane rupture. This turbidity change can be detected by a turbidity sensor.
• Yet another example is to have a marker liquid with light transmitting properties different from both the hydraulic oil and the product.
• a light registering sensor possibly combined with a light emitting device, such that absorbed light or reflected light can be measured, it can be detected whether any of the membranes has broken and hydraulic oil or product have entered the membrane interior space.
• Fig 4 illustrates a number of different perspective views of a membrane 400 that can be used as the first membrane 306 or the second membrane 308 in the wet end illustrated in fig 3.
• the membrane 400 may be provided with a raised section 402 placed between a periphery 404 of the membrane and a mid section 406 making sure that the membrane can flex between a first mode, illustrated in fig 5a, and a second mode, illustrated in fig 5b, without wearing out the material of the membrane. Further, an advantage of having the raised section may also be greater voume difference between the first mode and the second mode.
• the mid section 406 may be strengthened by a strengthening portion 408, e.g. a metal portion incorporated in the membrane, in order to avoid so- called “coining", i.e. the membrane breaks such that a small portion of the mid section in the shape of a coin is torn from the membrane.
• a strengthening portion 408 e.g. a metal portion incorporated in the membrane, in order to avoid so- called “coining", i.e. the membrane breaks such that a small portion of the mid section in the shape of a coin is torn from the membrane.
• fig 5a the membrane is in the first mode in which no force is exerted on the membrane, neither on a product chamber side (left side in fig 5a and 5b), nor on a hydraulic oil chamber side (right side in fig 5a and 5b).
• the membrane In fig 5b the membrane is in the second mode in which a force is exerted on the hydraulic oil chamber side such that the mid section of the membrane is pushed towards the product chamber side.
• the product chamber side of the membrane is preferably provided with properties such that food residues can be easily removed. Further, the product chamber side should also be able to withstand chemicals used when cleaning, e.g. lye and acid.
• the hydraulic oil chamber side should on the other hand preferably have properties suited to work well with the hydraulic oil.
• the membrane as a whole should be elastic such that the pressure formed by the piston can be forwarded to the product chamber without wearing out the membrane. Further, the membrane should also be elastic such that the membrane can be small, e.g. a diameter of 10-30 cm. A small membrane namely has the effect that the pump block can be made small, in turn implying that less material, e.g. stainless steel, is needed, which directly effect the investment cost for the food producer.
• a membrane 500 comprising a main body 502 made of a rubber material, such as an elastomer.
• a rubber material such as an elastomer.
• EPDM ethylenepropylenedienemonomer
• a coating 504 may be provided on this side.
• the coating 504 may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), but other plastic material suitable for food processing and possible to be coated can be used as well. Further, the coating can also protect the elastic material against the cleaning agents used during cleaning and also against abrasive products.
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• the coating 504 is preferably made thin, e.g. 0,5 mm. However, since different material have different properties the thickness of the coating may differ for different material.
• fig 5a and 5b are mainly for illustrative purposes. In real applications, a difference between the first mode and the second mode may be less significant.
• Fig 6a, 6b illustrate a membran module 600 comprising a first membrane 602, a second membrane 604, a membrane ring 606 and a sensor 608 in an exploded view from two different perspectives.
• Fig 6c illustrates the membrane module when the first and second membrane are attached to the membrane ring 606. As illustrated, both membranes may be of the kind illustrared in fig 4, 5a and 5b.
• a closed space is formed, herein referred to as the membrane interior space.
• the marker liquid can be held, thereby making it possible to easily replace one membrane module by another.
• the sensor 608 that may be a conductivity sensor as explained above, can be placed in the membrane interior space.
• sensor connection elements may be provided on an outer side of the membrane ring such that data collected by the sensor 608 can be captured and transmitted to a control device or the like configured for analyzing data in order to detect if one or more properties of the marker liquid has been changed, e.g. due to that the first membrane has ruptured and that hydraulic oil has entered the membrane interior space.
• Fig 7a illustrates an example of a conductivity sensor withstanding a high pressure such that it can be placed in the membrane interior space.
• the conductivity sensor 700 is further illustrated in fig 7b.
• a body 702 can be arranged for holding a first electrode 704 and a second electrode 706.
• the marker liquid can be placed such that a conductivity can be measured by using the first electrode 704 and the second electrode 706.
• Fig 8 illustrates a diagram from one of these tests showing results for different products, more particularly, milk, juice, hydraulic oil (Klubersynth) and ketchup, with the marker liquid being salt water, more particularly salt water with 2% salt.
• the conductivity measured in ⁇ / ⁇ was compared to the level of contaminant, i.e. product or oil, in the salt water in percentage.
• milk and juice display a more or less linear relationship between conductivity and level of contaminant. Further, the decrease in conductivity is clear and it would therefore be possible to detect with a conductivity sensor.
• the hydraulic oil (Klubersynth in this test) also shows a clear drop in conductivity, which makes it possible to also detect hydraulic oil with the conductivity sensor.
• Ketchup which has a salt content that is higher than the salt content of milk or juice, does not show the same drop in conductivity and will hence be more difficult to detect using the conductivity sensor, even though it will be possible if using a high end sensor.
• a marker liquid with a lower salt content may be chosen leading to a larger difference in conductity between the product and the marker liquid, thereby making it easier to detect if product has been mixed with the marker liquid.
• the same approach could be used for other products with a high salt content, such as sport drinks.
• a challenge with having the sensor placed in the membrane interior space is the high pressure.
• it is common to increase the pressure from 300 kPa (3 bar) to 10-25 MPa (100-250 bar). Even if this can be overcome it adds an extra cost to the sensor and therefore alternative ways for measuring may be of interest .
• Fig 9 illustrates a so-called sampling sensor system 900 that can be used as an alternative to an in-line sensor illustrated in fig 7a and 7b. Further, if measuring more than one property of the marker liquid, it is possible to detect one of the measure by using an in-line sensor and another measure by the sampling sensor system. Still an option is to use the sensor in the membrane interior space as the first sensor registering data continuously and to use the sampling sensor system as a back-up sensor system or for making additional measurements.
• the sampling sensor system 900 can comprise a membrane module 902 provided with a channel leading to a low pressure sampling chamber 904.
• a valve 906 may be provided on the channel.
• a sensor 908 can be arranged for registering one or more properties of the marker liquid fed from the membrane module 902 via the channel.
• the sensor 908 may be connected to a control device 910, such as a computer, for analyzing the sensor output.
• Fig 10a, 10b and 10c illustrate different perspective views of an example set up of a sampling sensor system 1000.
• a valve 1004 and a conduit 1006 a low pressure sampling chamber 1008 is provided.
• an accumulator 1010 can be used for soaking up part of the marker liquid, which in this particular example has been chosen to be a gel. After having made a measurement the marker liquid can be pushed down into the membrane interior space again.
• Fig 1 1 illustrates a schematic view of an example set up of a part of a food processing system 1 100.
• a separator 1 102 is placed upstream a piston pump arrangement 1 104 and a spray dryer 1 106 is placed downstream said piston pump arrangment 1 104.
• a heat treatment station 1 108, a dearator 1 1 10 or other pieces of equipment may be part of the system as well.
• the piston pump arrangement 1 104 can be provided with a membrane 1 1 12 providing for that product is kept separated from hydraulic oil placed in a hydraulic oil chamber 1 1 14. By having the hydraulic oil the pressure formed by a piston 1 1 16, or several pistons, can be forwarded to the membrane 1 1 12 as described above.
• a sudden pressure increase enter the product chamber of the piston pump arrangement 1 104 e.g. when the separator 1 102 discharges or when a blockage occur in the spray dryer 1 106, this pressure increase will be spread to the hydraulic oil chamber 1 1 14 via the membrane 1 1 12.
• a pressure relief valve 1 1 18 By opening a pressure relief valve 1 1 18 the pressure increase may be reduced by releasing hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil chamber 1 1 14 to a container 1 120. In this way the pressure increase, or pressure peak, may be eliminated without product losses, which would be the case if a line pressure relief valve was used, i.e. a pressure relief valve placed, for instance, on a pipe between the piston pump arrangement 1 104 and the spray dryer 1 106.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
• Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
• Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-12-17 WO PCT/EP2013/076947 patent/WO2014095898A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2013-12-17 JP JP2015548453A patent/JP2016503852A/ja active Pending
  • 2013-12-17 RU RU2015129692A patent/RU2015129692A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2013-12-17 US US14/653,996 patent/US20150345487A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-12-17 MX MX2015007547A patent/MX2015007547A/es unknown
  • 2013-12-17 EP EP13821802.9A patent/EP2941564A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-12-17 AU AU2013361723A patent/AU2013361723A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-12-17 BR BR112015014863A patent/BR112015014863A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2013-12-17 CN CN201380067586.7A patent/CN104884805A/zh active Pending

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