WO2014086680A1 - Hybrid drive system - Google Patents

Hybrid drive system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014086680A1
WO2014086680A1 PCT/EP2013/075100 EP2013075100W WO2014086680A1 WO 2014086680 A1 WO2014086680 A1 WO 2014086680A1 EP 2013075100 W EP2013075100 W EP 2013075100W WO 2014086680 A1 WO2014086680 A1 WO 2014086680A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
electric machine
gear
clutches
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/075100
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfram Hasewend
Original Assignee
Magna Powertrain Ag & Co Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102012222433.5A external-priority patent/DE102012222433B4/en
Priority claimed from DE102012025501.2A external-priority patent/DE102012025501B4/en
Application filed by Magna Powertrain Ag & Co Kg filed Critical Magna Powertrain Ag & Co Kg
Publication of WO2014086680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014086680A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K2006/541—Transmission for changing ratio without reverse ratio using instead electric reversing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, which communicate with each other via a transmission.
  • 100 49 514 AI goes out a hybrid drive, which has an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
  • the planetary gear two clutches and a brake are integrated, which can be rigidly coupled via the first clutch and the second clutch, the electric motor with the internal combustion engine.
  • DE 103 29 109 B4 describes a device for transmitting power for a vehicle, comprising a motor generator and a drive shaft provided with a planetary gear, a first one-way clutch, which is mounted between the motor generator and the synchronized multi-speed transmission, the rotational torque below Considering a first rotational speed ratio by the planetary gear to an internal combustion engine via the synchronized multi-speed transmission, and a second one-way clutch, which is mounted between the motor generator and the synchronized multi-speed transmission, the rotational torque of the internal combustion engine via the synchronized multi-speed transmission to the motor generator taking into account a second Rotationsgeschwin ratio is transferable.
  • the powertrain includes an internal combustion engine, a main transmission, and an electric machine.
  • the main transmission is assigned a primary gear, which is coupled to the first input shaft, and the electric machine is connected to a second, diametrically opposed to the first input shaft input shaft, such that the electric machine is coupled via the primary gear with the first input shaft and independently from the primary gear can be coupled with the output shaft.
  • the goal which is pursued with the hybrid drive system according to the invention, is to produce a cost-effective drive concept located at the bottom of the customer requirement, in which the demands on the prior art are further reduced to the electric machine and also the electric machine for a two-speed circuit can be used.
  • a hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle with a motor and an electric machine which drively acting on a differential, wherein motor and electric machine are connected to each other via a planetary gear and a further gear unit.
  • the motor is operable in a narrow speed range and is preferably used for charging a battery connected to the electric machine, wherein the planetary gear and the further gear unit preferably align the drive load on the electric machine and the gearbox for both the internal combustion engine and for the electric Machine is used.
  • the drive system uses only a single electric machine and thus only a power electronics, wherein the electric machine for driving the motor vehicle, as a generator and as a starter machine is used.
  • the transmission combines electric and combustion engine synergistically.
  • the transmission is designed so that as many functions as possible are provided with the least possible effort.
  • the provision of the different functions is achieved by a very simple power-shiftable two-stage transmission, which has not previously been used by its limitations.
  • Such a transmission can transmit torque and force only in one direction, since freewheels available.
  • the potential disadvantage is advantageously used to use the engine for charging the battery during the "blessing".
  • a planetary gear for starting the vehicle the switchable planetary gear is used as a replacement of the clutch and thus the vehicle is also used in a completely deflated battery.
  • the transmission includes a freewheeling function, in which the battery is charged without a drive of the vehicle takes place ("sailing").
  • Another function of the transmission switches a mode switch for combined or pure electric driving and the recovery of energy or charging the battery at standstill of the vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the structure
  • Fig. 2 shows an illustration at a standstill
  • Fig. 3 shows an illustration when switched first gear
  • Fig. 4 shows a representation drive electric machine
  • Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a further advantageous embodiment according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of the drive system according to the invention.
  • the hybrid drive system consists of two main components, the engine 2 and the electric machine 3.
  • the electric machine 3 is connected to a battery 4. Furthermore, the electric machine 3 is connected to a power electronics 7.
  • Both power sources, the electric machine 3 and the internal combustion engine 2 are each connected via a shaft 16 or 16 'depending on the transmission status. About the shaft 16 is driven via gear pairs 15, a differential 5.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 is connected to the shaft 16 in the illustrated embodiment with an attenuator 6.
  • the attenuator 6 is necessary for the damping of the vibrations of the internal combustion engine 2, but not necessarily for the inventive concept.
  • a planetary gear 8, and a lastschalbares gear 13 connect the two energy sources along the shafts 16, 16 'and further indicated in the figure waves that include the waves 16, 16'.
  • the planetary gear 8 has a planet carrier 9, which has a sun gear 10 as well Planetary wheels 1 1 includes.
  • the power shift transmission 13 includes gear stages which can be switched with clutches 12.
  • the battery used conceptually does not have a large storage capacity, a cost-effective solution sees only a battery with an energy storage of 5 to 15 kWh, which is well below the energy requirement of a previous system, with the appropriate range and vehicle mass.
  • Table 1 describes the circuit states of the four clutches for the different modes of operation.
  • the clutches C 1, C 2 are opened and clutches C 3 and C 4, however, are closed.
  • the electric machine 3 allows the start of the engine 2.
  • the shaft 16 ' is connected directly via with the sun gear and the gear stage with the clutch C3 and C4 and the shaft 16.
  • the internal combustion engine can again use the electric machine as the generator via the rigid connection between the two energy sources and charge the connected battery 4. This circuit state is shown in the second line of the table.
  • This illustrated function is activated not only when the vehicle is completely stationary. Even with a simple rolling of the vehicle without load, the engine is activated and charged via the generator, the electric machine 3, the battery 4. With this function of the transmission to obtain a reverse start-stop automatic, in which when the vehicle or when rolling the Vehicle, the internal combustion engine is activated and the battery is charged via the electric machine.
  • Closing the clutches Cl and C4 shows a state of the gearbox and clutches corresponding to the starting of the vehicle.
  • the transmission according to the invention operates with respect to the constant speed of the internal combustion engine as a continuously variable transmission (CVT).
  • CVT continuously variable transmission
  • Both machines work together because they are firmly connected to each other via a branch.
  • the performance of the machines corresponds to a performance mix and is freely selectable. If the internal combustion engine has only a low demand on the power, with a load point increase of the internal combustion engine, the specific consumption of the entire system can be improved whereby the battery is charged by the electric machine and the internal combustion engine is running in an optimal speed range.
  • the shift position with clutches Cl and C4 closed is also used for driving with the internal combustion engine when the battery is empty and the electric machine 3 can not contribute to the drive.
  • To switch to second gear only clutch C 2 is additionally closed and Cl is opened.
  • the direction of the drive of the direction of rotation of the electric machine is dependent, so that a forward driving but also a reverse can be realized.
  • Friction clutches are still used for positions C3 and C4 as the requirements are higher at this point and the friction clutches are better suited for this purpose.
  • FIG. 2 shows the drive system according to the invention in the case of the stoppage of the vehicle.
  • the clutches C 1, C 2, C 3 are open and are shown in the drawing as open rectangles.
  • the clutch C 4 in the planetary gear 8, however, is closed, which is marked with a black rectangle.
  • the electric machine 3 allows the start of the engine 2.
  • the shaft 16 ' is directly via the sun gear 10 with the planet carrier 9; the clutch basket of the clutch C4 and the shaft 16 is connected.
  • the internal combustion engine can again use the electric machine as the generator via the rigid connection between the two energy sources and charge the connected battery 4.
  • the function shown in FIG. 2 is activated not only when the vehicle is completely stationary.
  • Figure 3 shows a state of the transmission and the clutches, which corresponds to the start of the vehicle. Of the four clutches is the Clutch C2 closed. All other couplings are open.
  • CVT continuously variable transmission
  • the circuit position of Figure 3 is also used for driving with the internal combustion engine when the battery is empty and the electric machine 3 can not contribute to the drive.
  • To switch to the second gear only the clutch C 3 is closed in addition to the clutch C 2.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the transmission situation when the internal combustion engine 2 is stationary.
  • the clutch C 1 is closed, all other clutches C2, C3, C4 are open.
  • only the electric machine 3 transmits torque to the powertrain.
  • the direction of the drive of the direction of rotation of the electric machine is dependent, so that a forward driving but also a reverse can be realized.
  • the previously illustrated embodiments use friction clutches to represent the various functions. Since the system is intended to represent a basic system for a drive and therefore cost-optimized must, it is also possible to use claw clutches instead of friction clutches at least at the positions Cl and C2. For the positions C3 and C4 friction clutches are still used because the requirements are higher at this point and the friction clutches are better suited.
  • Figure 6 shows the embodiment as shown in Figure 1, with the freewheel 14 to first gear. This version offers the possibility to shift to second gear without opening the clutch for first gear. Thus, it is structurally a simplified switching range and comes with 3 actuators for the 4 clutches.
  • VKM start 0 0 c c

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid drive system (1) for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine (2) and an electrical machine (3) which act in a driving manner on a differential (5), wherein the internal combustion engine (2) and the electrical machine (3) can be connected to each other via a planetary gear unit(8) and a power-shiftable two-stage gearbox (13) with a free-wheel (14) via shafts (16, 16'), wherein the internal combustion engine (2) is operated in a narrow speed range for charging a battery (4) connected to the electrical machine (3), wherein the planetary gear unit (8) and the power-shiftable two-stage gearbox (13) with free-wheel (14) can be shifted such that this gearbox unit (13) acts by means of a gearwheel pair (15) as a two-speed gearbox for the internal combustion engine (2) and the electrical machine.

Description

Hybrides Antriebssystem  Hybrid drive system
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem hybriden Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einer elektrischen Maschine, die über ein Getriebe miteinander in Verbindung stehen. The invention relates to a hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, which communicate with each other via a transmission.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Bisher gibt es viele Hybridkonzepte, die alle ihre spezifische Vor- und Nachteile haben. Meist sind diese Systeme aufwendig konstruiert oder weisen nur in bestimmten Betriebspunkten Vorteile auf im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Antriebssträngen. Oft sind diese Konzepte nur für den Verbrauchszyklus optimiert. Im normalen Straßenbetrieb dagegen sind die Vorteile weitaus geringer. In diesen Konzepten wurden bereits automatische und automatisierte Getriebe vorgesehen So far, there are many hybrid concepts that all have their specific advantages and disadvantages. In most cases, these systems are elaborately constructed or have advantages only in certain operating points compared to conventional drive trains. Often, these concepts are optimized only for the usage cycle. In normal road conditions, however, the benefits are much lower. Automatic and automated transmissions have already been provided in these concepts
Beispielsweise geht aus DE 100 36 966 AI ein Aufbau eines Hybridantriebs hervor, der eine Planetengetriebeverschaltung mit mehreren Zwischengliedern, Getrieben und Kupplungen vorsieht, um einen Elektromo- tor und eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu koppeln. Auch aus der DE For example, it is clear from DE 100 36 966 AI a structure of a hybrid drive, which provides a Planetengetriebeverschaltung with multiple pontics, gears and clutches to couple an electric motor and an internal combustion engine. Also from the DE
100 49 514 AI geht ein Hybridantrieb hervor, der einen Elektromotor und eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine aufweist. In das Planetengetriebe sind zwei Kupplungen sowie eine Bremse integriert, wobei über die erste Kupplung und die zweite Kupplung der Elektromotor mit der Verbrennungs- kraftmaschine starr gekoppelt werden kann. 100 49 514 AI goes out a hybrid drive, which has an electric motor and an internal combustion engine. In the planetary gear two clutches and a brake are integrated, which can be rigidly coupled via the first clutch and the second clutch, the electric motor with the internal combustion engine.
Aus der DE 10 201 1 005 531 AI ist ein Hybridantrieb mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine und mit einem Elektromotor bekannt, die über ein Planetengetriebe miteinander in Verbindung stehen, wobei zwischen einem Automatikgetriebe und dem Planetengetriebe eine Kupplung angeordnet ist und die Verbrennungskraftmaschine und der Elektromotor über ein Sonnenrad und einen Planetenträger miteinander verbunden sind. Diese Konzepte haben den Nachteil, dass die Getriebe aufwendig gestaltet sind, Motoren und elektrische Maschine auf den gemeinsamen Betrieb ausgelegt sind und komplex angesteuert werden müssen. Oft sind die Konzepte so ausgelegt, dass eine großes Batteriekapazität eingesetzt werden muss, um den elektrischen Betrieb und ausreichende Reichweite zu gewährleisten und die Verbrennungsmotoren in konventioneller Größe und für den Alleinbetrieb ausgelegt sind. From DE 10 201 1 005 531 AI a hybrid drive with an internal combustion engine and with an electric motor is known, which has a Planetary gear are in communication with each other, wherein between a automatic transmission and the planetary gear, a clutch is arranged and the internal combustion engine and the electric motor via a sun gear and a planet carrier are interconnected. These concepts have the disadvantage that the transmission are designed consuming, motors and electric machine are designed for joint operation and must be controlled complex. Often the concepts are designed so that a large battery capacity must be used to ensure the electrical operation and sufficient range and the internal combustion engines are designed in conventional size and for solo operation.
Aus der DE 102001005349 ist ein Hybridantrieb mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine und mit einem Elektromotor bekannt, die über ein Plane- tengetriebe miteinander in Verbindung stehen, wobei zwischen einem Automatikgetriebe und dem Planetengetriebe eine Kupplung angeordnet ist und die Verbrennungskraftmaschine und der Elektromotor über ein Sonnenrad und einen Planetenträger miteinander verbunden sind. In der unveröffentlichten DE 102012222433 wird ein vereinfachtes Hybridsystem mit einer Zwei- Gang- Schaltung vorgeschlagen, bei dem das Getriebe für den Verbrennungsmotor arbeitet. Hintergrund ist dabei, dass elektrische Maschinen einen Bedarf an seltenen Erden für die Magneten haben, der auf dem Weltmarkt zu hohen Preisen eingekauft werden müssen. Jede Möglichkeit die Dimension einer elektrischen Maschine zu reduzieren und so die Materialkosten gering zu halten, ist von Vorteil. From DE 102001005349 a hybrid drive with an internal combustion engine and with an electric motor is known, which are connected via a planetary gear with each other, between a automatic transmission and the planetary gear, a clutch is arranged and the internal combustion engine and the electric motor via a sun gear and a planet carrier connected to each other. In the unpublished DE 102012222433 a simplified hybrid system with a two-speed circuit is proposed in which the transmission works for the internal combustion engine. The background to this is that electric machines have a demand for rare earths for the magnets, which must be purchased on the world market at high prices. Any possibility to reduce the dimension of an electric machine and thus to keep the material costs low is an advantage.
Die DE 10 2010 063 580 AI beschreibt ein Gruppengetriebe, welches zumindest ein Hauptgetriebe und eine dem Hauptgetriebe antriebstechnisch nachgeschaltete, in Planetenbauweise ausgeführte Nachschaltgrup- pe aufweist, wobei eine Eingangswelle des Gruppengetriebes mit einem Verbrennungsmotor eines Hybridantriebs und eine Ausgangswelle des Gruppengetriebes mit einem Achsantrieb koppelbar ist. In einer ersten Schaltstellung des Schaltelements ist die elektrische Maschine des Hybridantriebs über eine von der Nachschaltgruppe bereitgestellte Übersetzung an den Achsantrieb koppelbar, und in einer zweiten Schaltstellung des Schaltelements ist die elektrische Maschine des Hybridantriebs über eine von dem Planetengetriebe bereitgestellte Übersetzung an den Achsantrieb koppelbar, sodass für die elektrische Maschine mindestens drei Übersetzungen bzw. Gänge zur Verfügung stehen. DE 10 2010 063 580 AI describes a group transmission, which at least one main gear and the main gear drive downstream, executed in planetary design Nachschaltgrup- PE, wherein an input shaft of the group transmission with an internal combustion engine of a hybrid drive and an output shaft of the group transmission can be coupled with a final drive. In a first switching position of the switching element, the electric machine of the hybrid drive is coupled via a translation provided by the Nachschaltgruppe to the final drive, and in a second switching position of the switching element, the electric machine of the hybrid drive via a provided by the planetary gear ratio to the final drive can be coupled, so for the electric machine at least three translations or gears are available.
Die DE 103 29 109 B4 beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zum Übertragen von Leistung für ein Fahrzeug, mit einem Motorgenerator und einer Antriebswelle, die mit einem Planetengetriebe versehen ist, eine erste Freilaufkupplung, die zwischen dem Motorgenerator und dem synchronisierten Mehrstufengetriebe angebracht ist, die ein Rotationsdrehmoment unter Berücksichtigung eines ersten Rotationsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnisses durch das Planetengetriebe an einen Verbrennungsmotor über das synchronisierte Mehrstufengetriebe übertragen kann, und eine zweite Freilaufkupplung, die zwischen dem Motorgenerator und dem synchronisierten Mehrstufengetriebe angebracht ist, die das Rotationsdrehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors über das synchronisierte Mehrstufengetriebe an dem Motorgenerator unter Berücksichtigung eines zweiten Rotationsgeschwin- digkeitsverhältnisses übertragbar ist. Aus der DE 10 201 1 002 472 AI ist ein automatisiertes Schaltgetriebe mit Hybridantrieb für einen Antriebsstrang eines Fahrzeuges bekannt. Der Antriebsstrang umfasst einen Verbrennungsmotor ein Hauptgetriebe und eine Elektromaschine. Dem Hauptgetriebe ist ein Vorschaltgetriebe zuge- ordnet, das mit der ersten Eingangswelle gekoppelt ist, und die Elektromaschine ist mit einer zweiten, zu der ersten Eingangswelle diametral angeordneten Eingangswelle verbunden, derart, dass die Elektromaschine über das Vorschaltgetriebe mit der ersten Eingangswelle koppelbar ist sowie unabhängig von dem Vorschaltgetriebe mit der Ausgangswelle kop- pelbar ist. DE 103 29 109 B4 describes a device for transmitting power for a vehicle, comprising a motor generator and a drive shaft provided with a planetary gear, a first one-way clutch, which is mounted between the motor generator and the synchronized multi-speed transmission, the rotational torque below Considering a first rotational speed ratio by the planetary gear to an internal combustion engine via the synchronized multi-speed transmission, and a second one-way clutch, which is mounted between the motor generator and the synchronized multi-speed transmission, the rotational torque of the internal combustion engine via the synchronized multi-speed transmission to the motor generator taking into account a second Rotationsgeschwin ratio is transferable. From DE 10 201 1 002 472 AI an automated manual transmission with hybrid drive for a drive train of a vehicle is known. The powertrain includes an internal combustion engine, a main transmission, and an electric machine. The main transmission is assigned a primary gear, which is coupled to the first input shaft, and the electric machine is connected to a second, diametrically opposed to the first input shaft input shaft, such that the electric machine is coupled via the primary gear with the first input shaft and independently from the primary gear can be coupled with the output shaft.
Das Ziel, welches mit dem erfindungsgemäßen hybriden Antriebssystem verfolgt wird, ist, ein kostengünstiges und am unteren Rand des Kundenbedarfes angesiedeltes Antriebskonzept herzustellen, bei dem die Anforde- rungen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik an die elektrische Maschine weiter reduziert ist und auch die elektrische Maschine für sich eine Zwei- Gang-Schaltung nutzbar macht. The goal, which is pursued with the hybrid drive system according to the invention, is to produce a cost-effective drive concept located at the bottom of the customer requirement, in which the demands on the prior art are further reduced to the electric machine and also the electric machine for a two-speed circuit can be used.
Vorteilhafterweise wird ein hybrides Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Motor und einer elektrischen Maschine vorgeschlagen, die antriebsmäßig auf ein Differential einwirken, wobei Motor und elektrische Maschine über ein Planetengetriebe und eine weitere Getriebeeinheit miteinander verbunden sind. Der Motor ist in einem engen Drehzahlbereich betreibbar und dient bevorzugt zum Laden einer an die elektrische Ma- schine angeschlossenen Batterie, wobei das Planetengetriebe und die weitere Getriebeeinheit die Antriebslast bevorzugt auf die elektrische Maschine ausrichten und das Getriebe sowohl für den Verbrennungsmotor als auch für die elektrische Maschine einsetzbar ist. Durch den Betrieb des Motors in einem Drehzahlbereich ist eine einfache Ausgestaltung des Motors möglich. Ein potentiell einsetzbarer Verbrennungsmotor kann auf komplexe Steuerung verzichten und kleiner im Gewicht und Bauraum ausgelegt sein. Zur Optimierung von Kosten und Emission ist der Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors nur in einer bzw. wenigen definierten Drehzahl(en) vorgesehen, lediglich die Last wird variiert. Damit kommen auch bisher weniger gebräuchliche Motorenkonzepte in Frage. Auch alternative Motoren wie eine Gasturbine lassen sich im erfindungsgemäßen Konzept einsetzen. Advantageously, a hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle with a motor and an electric machine is proposed, which drively acting on a differential, wherein motor and electric machine are connected to each other via a planetary gear and a further gear unit. The motor is operable in a narrow speed range and is preferably used for charging a battery connected to the electric machine, wherein the planetary gear and the further gear unit preferably align the drive load on the electric machine and the gearbox for both the internal combustion engine and for the electric Machine is used. By operating the engine in a speed range, a simple design of the engine is possible. A potentially usable internal combustion engine can dispense with complex control and be designed smaller in weight and space. To optimize costs and emissions, the operation of the internal combustion engine is provided only in one or a few defined rotational speeds, only the load is varied. This also less common engine concepts come into question. Alternative engines such as a gas turbine can be used in the inventive concept.
Vorteilhafterweise wird nur eine möglichst kleine Speicherbatterie im Fahrbetrieb einsetzt, die möglichst oft von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine geladen wird und daher keinen großen Energiespeicher für die elektrische Maschine darstellen muss. Advantageously, only the smallest possible storage battery is used during driving, which is loaded as often as possible from the internal combustion engine and therefore does not have to represent a large energy storage for the electric machine.
Vorteilhafterweise verwendet das Antriebssystem nur eine einzige elektrische Maschine und damit nur eine Leistungselektronik, wobei die elektrische Maschine zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeugs, als Generator und als Startermaschine dient. Advantageously, the drive system uses only a single electric machine and thus only a power electronics, wherein the electric machine for driving the motor vehicle, as a generator and as a starter machine is used.
Vorteilhafterweise verbindet das Getriebe Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor synergetisch. Das Getriebe ist so gestaltet, dass bei möglichst geringem Aufwand möglichst viele Funktionen bereitgestellt werden. Die Bereitstellung der unterschiedlichen Funktionen gelingt durch ein sehr einfaches lastschaltbares zweistufiges Getriebe, das bisher durch seine Limitierungen nicht eingesetzt wird. Ein solches Getriebe kann Drehmoment und Kraft nur in einer Richtung übertragen, da Freiläufe vorhanden sind. Im erfindungsgemäßen Konzept wird der potentielle Nachteil vorteilhaft eingesetzt, um während des„Segeins" den Motor zum Laden der Batterie einzusetzen. Advantageously, the transmission combines electric and combustion engine synergistically. The transmission is designed so that as many functions as possible are provided with the least possible effort. The provision of the different functions is achieved by a very simple power-shiftable two-stage transmission, which has not previously been used by its limitations. Such a transmission can transmit torque and force only in one direction, since freewheels available. In the inventive concept, the potential disadvantage is advantageously used to use the engine for charging the battery during the "blessing".
Dabei wird für die einzelnen Funktionen vorteilhafterweise vorgesehen: ein Planetengetriebe zum Anfahren des Fahrzeugs, wobei das durch- schaltbare Planetengetriebe als Ersatz der Kupplung dient und somit das Fahrzeug auch bei einer völlig entleerten Batterie einsetzbar ist.  It is advantageously provided for the individual functions: a planetary gear for starting the vehicle, the switchable planetary gear is used as a replacement of the clutch and thus the vehicle is also used in a completely deflated battery.
Gerade diese Funktion ermöglicht das Anfahren ohne konventionelle Kupplung mit einem Verbrennungsmotor, der bei einer optimalen Dreh- zahl betrieben wird und einer leeren Batterie. It is this function that enables start-up without a conventional clutch with an internal combustion engine that operates at an optimal speed and an empty battery.
Weiterhin enthält das Getriebe eine Freilauffunktion, in der die Batterie geladen wird, ohne dass ein Antrieb des Fahrzeugs erfolgt („Segeln").  Furthermore, the transmission includes a freewheeling function, in which the battery is charged without a drive of the vehicle takes place ("sailing").
Eine weitere Funktion des Getriebes schaltet einen Mode-Schalter für kombiniertes bzw. rein elektrisches Fahren sowie die Rückgewinnung von Energie oder das Laden der Batterie im Stillstand des Fahrzeugs. Another function of the transmission switches a mode switch for combined or pure electric driving and the recovery of energy or charging the battery at standstill of the vehicle.
Beim Bauaufwand für form- oder reibschlüssige Kupplungen wurde besonders auf Einfachheit geachtet: In einer Ausführungsform werden alle vier Kupplungen durch lediglich zwei/ drei Aktuatoren betätigt. Particular attention has been paid to simplicity in the construction of positive or frictional clutches: In one embodiment, all four clutches are actuated by only two / three actuators.
Beschreibung der Erfindung Description of the invention
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend beispielhaft unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben. The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Aufbaus Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the structure
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Darstellung im Stillstand Fig. 3 zeigt eine Darstellung bei geschaltetem erstem Gang Fig. 2 shows an illustration at a standstill Fig. 3 shows an illustration when switched first gear
Fig. 4 zeigt eine Darstellung Antrieb elektrische Maschine Fig. 5 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform Fig. 4 shows a representation drive electric machine Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment
Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 FIG. 6 shows a further advantageous embodiment according to FIG. 1
Figur 1 zeigt einen schematischen Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen An- triebssystems. FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of the drive system according to the invention.
Das hybride Antriebssystem besteht aus zwei Hauptkomponenten, dem Verbrennungsmotor 2 sowie der elektrischen Maschine 3. Die elektrische Maschine 3 ist mit einer Batterie 4 verbunden. Weiterhin ist die elektrische Maschine 3 mit einer Leistungselektronik 7 verbunden. Beide Leis- tungsquellen, die elektrische Maschine 3 sowie der Verbrennungsmotor 2, sind über je eine Welle 16 bzw. 16' je nach Getriebestatus verbunden. Über die Welle 16 wird über Zahnradpaare 15, ein Differential 5 angetrieben. The hybrid drive system consists of two main components, the engine 2 and the electric machine 3. The electric machine 3 is connected to a battery 4. Furthermore, the electric machine 3 is connected to a power electronics 7. Both power sources, the electric machine 3 and the internal combustion engine 2, are each connected via a shaft 16 or 16 'depending on the transmission status. About the shaft 16 is driven via gear pairs 15, a differential 5.
Der Verbrennungsmotor 2 ist in der dargestellten Ausführungsform mit einem Dämpfungsglied 6 mit der Welle 16 verbunden. Das Dämpfungsglied 6 ist für die Dämpfung der Schwingungen des Verbrennungsmotors 2 notwendig, aber nicht zwingend für das erfindungsgemäße Konzept. Ein Planetengetriebe 8, und ein lastschalbares Getriebe 13 verbinden die beiden Energiequellen entlang der Wellen 16, 16' sowie weitere in der Figur angedeuteten Wellen, die die Wellen 16, 16' umfassen. Das Planetengetriebe 8 weist einen Planetenträger 9 auf, der ein Sonnenrad 10 sowie Planetenräder 1 1 beinhaltet. Das lastschaltbare Getriebe 13 umfasst Getriebestufen die mit Kupplungen 12 geschaltet werden können. The internal combustion engine 2 is connected to the shaft 16 in the illustrated embodiment with an attenuator 6. The attenuator 6 is necessary for the damping of the vibrations of the internal combustion engine 2, but not necessarily for the inventive concept. A planetary gear 8, and a lastschalbares gear 13 connect the two energy sources along the shafts 16, 16 'and further indicated in the figure waves that include the waves 16, 16'. The planetary gear 8 has a planet carrier 9, which has a sun gear 10 as well Planetary wheels 1 1 includes. The power shift transmission 13 includes gear stages which can be switched with clutches 12.
Die eingesetzte Batterie muss konzeptionell keine große Speicherkapazität aufweisen, eine kostengünstige Lösung sieht lediglich eine Batterie mit einer Energiespeicherung von 5 bis 15 kWh, was deutlich unter der Energieanforderung an ein bisheriges System, bei entsprechender Reichweite und Fahrzeugmasse liegt. The battery used conceptually does not have a large storage capacity, a cost-effective solution sees only a battery with an energy storage of 5 to 15 kWh, which is well below the energy requirement of a previous system, with the appropriate range and vehicle mass.
Tabelle 1 beschreibt die Schaltungszustände der vier Kupplungen für die unterschiedlichen Betriebsmodi. Table 1 describes the circuit states of the four clutches for the different modes of operation.
Kupplungen Kommentar Clutches comment
Betriebsmodi Cl C2 C3 C4  Operating modes Cl C2 C3 C4
VKM Start c c VKM start c c
Laden beim Stehen c c Stop/Start reverse  Charging while standing c c Stop / Start reverse
Laden beim Segeln c c  Loading while sailing c c
Rekuperieren im 1. Gang c c  Recuperation in 1st gear c c
Rekuperieren im 2. Gang c c  Recuperation in 2nd gear c c
e-drive 1. Gang c c * Lastschaltung 2-1 mit Überblendung e-drive 2. Gang c c ** Lastschaltung 1-2 mit Überblendung e-drive rückwärts 1. Gang c c wie * e-drive 1st gear c c * power shift 2-1 with crossfade e-drive 2nd gear c c ** power shift 1-2 with crossfade e-drive reverse 1st gear c c like *
e-drive rückwärts 2. Gang c c wie ** e-drive backward 2nd gear c c like **
e-CVT 1. Gang c c wie *; besonders zum Anfahren e-CVT2. Gang c c wie ** e-CVT 1st gear c c like *; especially for starting e-CVT2. Gear c c like **
e-ICE-Drive 1. Gang c c c ; Voraussetzung einer Drehzahldynamik der VKM e-ICE-Drive 2. Gang c c c ; Voraussetzung einer Drehzahldynamik der VKM offen open e-ICE-Drive 1st gear c c c; Requirement of a speed dynamics of the VKM e-ICE-Drive 2nd gear c c c; Requirement of a speed dynamics of the VKM open open
c zu closed  c closed
ICE VKM engine  ICE VKM engine
CVT "stufenlos" "continuously variable" CVT "stepless""continuouslyvariable"
Für den Start des Verbrennungsmotors mit Hilfe der elektrischen Maschine sind die Kupplungen C 1, C 2 geöffnet und Kupplungen C 3 und C 4 sind dagegen geschlossen. In dieser Getriebekonstellation mit den offenen Kupplungen Cl und C2 ermöglicht die elektrische Maschine 3 den Start des Verbrennungsmotors 2. Die Welle 16' ist dabei direkt über mit dem Sonnenrad und den Getriebestufe mit der Kupplung C3 und C4 und der Welle 16 verbunden. Nachdem der Verbrennungsmotor 2 über die elektrische Maschine 3 gestartet wurde, kann der Verbrennungsmotor wiederum über die starre Verbindung zwischen den beiden Energiequellen die elekt- rische Maschine als Generator verwenden und die angeschlossene Batterie 4 laden. Dieser Schaltungszustand wird in der zweiten Zeile der Tabelle dargestellt. For the start of the internal combustion engine with the help of the electric machine, the clutches C 1, C 2 are opened and clutches C 3 and C 4, however, are closed. In this transmission constellation with the open clutches Cl and C2, the electric machine 3 allows the start of the engine 2. The shaft 16 'is connected directly via with the sun gear and the gear stage with the clutch C3 and C4 and the shaft 16. After the internal combustion engine 2 has been started via the electric machine 3, the internal combustion engine can again use the electric machine as the generator via the rigid connection between the two energy sources and charge the connected battery 4. This circuit state is shown in the second line of the table.
Diese dargestellte Funktion wird nicht nur bei völligem Stillstand des Fahrzeuges aktiviert. Auch bei einfachem Rollen des Fahrzeuges ohne Last wird der Verbrennungsmotor aktiviert und lädt über den Generator, die elektrische Maschine 3, die Batterie 4. Mit dieser Funktion des Getriebes erhält man eine umgekehrte Start-Stoppautomatik, bei der im Stillstand des Fahrzeuges oder beim Rollenlassen des Fahrzeuges der Verbrennungsmotor aktiviert ist und die Batterie über die elektrische Maschine lädt. This illustrated function is activated not only when the vehicle is completely stationary. Even with a simple rolling of the vehicle without load, the engine is activated and charged via the generator, the electric machine 3, the battery 4. With this function of the transmission to obtain a reverse start-stop automatic, in which when the vehicle or when rolling the Vehicle, the internal combustion engine is activated and the battery is charged via the electric machine.
Schließt man die Kupplungen Cl und C4 zeigt man einen Zustand des Getriebes und der Kupplungen, der dem Anfahren des Fahrzeugs entspricht. Beim Anfahren arbeitet das erfindungsgemäße Getriebe hinsichtlich der konstanten Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors wie ein stufenloses Getriebe (CVT). Beide Energiequellen, der Verbrennungsmotor 2 sowie die elektrische Maschine 3, bringen dabei Leistung über die erste Getriebestufe auf das Differential. Dabei fließt die Energie, die bei der Anpassung der Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 2 vorhanden ist bzw. benötigt wird, in die elektrische Maschine 3 bzw. aus der elektrischen Maschine, so dass die Batterie 4 geladen bzw. entladen wird. Closing the clutches Cl and C4 shows a state of the gearbox and clutches corresponding to the starting of the vehicle. When starting the transmission according to the invention operates with respect to the constant speed of the internal combustion engine as a continuously variable transmission (CVT). Both energy sources, the internal combustion engine 2 and the electric machine 3, while bringing power on the first gear on the differential. In doing so, the energy flowing in the adaptation of the Speed of the internal combustion engine 2 is present or required, in the electric machine 3 and from the electric machine, so that the battery 4 is charged or discharged.
Beide Maschinen arbeiten dabei zusammen, da sie über einen Zweig fest miteinander verbunden sind. Die Leistungen der Maschinen entsprechen einem Leistungsmix und sind dabei frei wählbar. Wenn für die Verbrennungskraftmaschine nur eine geringe Anforderung an die Leistung vorhanden ist, kann mit einer Lastpunktanhebung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine der spezifische Verbrauch des Gesamtsystems verbessert wer- den wobei die Batterie durch die elektrische Maschine geladen wird und der Verbrennungsmotor in einem optimalen Drehzahlbereich läuft. Both machines work together because they are firmly connected to each other via a branch. The performance of the machines corresponds to a performance mix and is freely selectable. If the internal combustion engine has only a low demand on the power, with a load point increase of the internal combustion engine, the specific consumption of the entire system can be improved whereby the battery is charged by the electric machine and the internal combustion engine is running in an optimal speed range.
Die Schaltungsstellung mit geschlossenen Kupplungen Cl und C4 wird auch zum Fahren mit dem Verbrennungsmotor verwendet, wenn die Batterie leer ist und die elektrische Maschine 3 keinen Anteil am Antrieb leis- ten kann. Um in den zweiten Gang zu schalten wird lediglich die Kupplung C 2 zusätzlich geschlossen und Cl geöffnet. Für das rein elektrische Fahren sind die Kupplung C 1 und C3 geschlossen, alle weiteren Kupplungen sind geöffnet. In diesem Fall überträgt nur die elektrische Maschine 3 Drehmoment auf den Antriebsstrang. Dabei ist die Richtung des Antriebs von der Drehrichtung der elektrischen Maschine abhängig, so das damit ein Vorwärtsfahren aber auch ein Rückwärtsfahren realisiert werden kann. The shift position with clutches Cl and C4 closed is also used for driving with the internal combustion engine when the battery is empty and the electric machine 3 can not contribute to the drive. To switch to second gear, only clutch C 2 is additionally closed and Cl is opened. For purely electric driving the clutch C 1 and C3 are closed, all other clutches are open. In this case, only the electric machine 3 transmits torque to the powertrain. The direction of the drive of the direction of rotation of the electric machine is dependent, so that a forward driving but also a reverse can be realized.
Durch Schließen der Kupplung C2 und Öffnen der Cl wird vom ersten in den zweiten Gang rein elektrischer Fahrweise geschaltet. Die bisher dargestellten Ausführungsformen verwenden Reibkupplungen um die verschiedenen Funktionen darzustellen. Da das System kostenop- timiert werden muss, ist es auch möglich Klauenkupplungen statt Reibkupplungen zumindest an den Positionen Cl und C2 zu verwenden. Für die Positionen C3 und C4 werden weiterhin Reibkupplungen eingesetzt, da die Anforderungen an dieser Stelle höher sind und sich die Reibkupplun- gen dafür besser eignen. By closing the clutch C2 and opening the Cl is switched from the first to the second gear purely electrical driving. The previously illustrated embodiments use friction clutches to represent the various functions. Since the system is cost-effective It is also possible to use jaw clutches instead of friction clutches at least at positions C1 and C2. Friction clutches are still used for positions C3 and C4 as the requirements are higher at this point and the friction clutches are better suited for this purpose.
Figur 2 zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Antriebssystem im Falle des Stillstandes des Fahrzeugs. Die Kupplungen C 1, C 2, C 3 sind geöffnet und werden in der Zeichnung als offene Rechtecke dargestellt. Die Kupplung C 4 im Planetengetriebe 8 ist dagegen geschlossen, was mit einem schwarz hinterlegten Rechteck gekennzeichnet ist. In dieser Getriebekonstellation mit den offenen Kupplungen Cl bis C3 ermöglicht die elektrische Maschine 3 den Start des Verbrennungsmotors 2. Die Welle 16' ist dabei direkt über das Sonnenrad 10 mit dem Planetenträger 9; dem Kupplungskorb der Kupplung C4 und der Welle 16 verbunden. Nachdem der Verbrennungsmotor 2 über die elektrische Maschine 3 gestartet wurde, kann der Verbrennungsmotor wiederum über die starre Verbindung zwischen den beiden Energiequellen die elektrische Maschine als Generator verwenden und die angeschlossene Batterie 4 laden. Die in Figur 2 dargestellte Funk- tion wird nicht nur bei völligem Stillstand des Fahrzeuges aktiviert. Auch bei einfachem Rollen des Fahrzeuges ohne Last wird der Verbrennungsmotor aktiviert und lädt über den Generator, die elektrische Maschine 3, die Batterie 4. Mit dieser Funktion des Getriebes erhält man eine umgekehrte Start-Stoppautomatik, bei der im Stillstand des Fahrzeuges oder beim Rollenlassen des Fahrzeuges der Verbrennungsmotor aktiviert ist und die Batterie über die elektrische Maschine lädt. FIG. 2 shows the drive system according to the invention in the case of the stoppage of the vehicle. The clutches C 1, C 2, C 3 are open and are shown in the drawing as open rectangles. The clutch C 4 in the planetary gear 8, however, is closed, which is marked with a black rectangle. In this transmission constellation with the open clutches Cl to C3, the electric machine 3 allows the start of the engine 2. The shaft 16 'is directly via the sun gear 10 with the planet carrier 9; the clutch basket of the clutch C4 and the shaft 16 is connected. After the internal combustion engine 2 has been started via the electric machine 3, the internal combustion engine can again use the electric machine as the generator via the rigid connection between the two energy sources and charge the connected battery 4. The function shown in FIG. 2 is activated not only when the vehicle is completely stationary. Even with a simple rolling of the vehicle without load, the engine is activated and charged via the generator, the electric machine 3, the battery 4. With this function of the transmission to obtain a reverse start-stop automatic, in which when the vehicle or when rolling the Vehicle, the internal combustion engine is activated and the battery is charged via the electric machine.
Figur 3 zeigt einen Zustand des Getriebes und der Kupplungen, der dem Anfahren des Fahrzeugs entspricht. Von den vier Kupplungen ist die Kupplung C2 geschlossen. Alle weiteren Kupplungen sind geöffnet. Beim Anfahren arbeitet das erfindungsgemäße Getriebe hinsichtlich der konstanten Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors wie ein stufenloses Getriebe (CVT). Beide Energiequellen, der Verbrennungsmotor 2 sowie die elektri- sehe Maschine 3, bringen dabei Leistung über die erste Getriebestufe auf das Differential. Dabei fließt die Energie, die bei der Anpassung der Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 2 vorhanden ist, in die elektrische Maschine 3, so dass die Batterie 4 geladen wird. Die Schaltungsstellung der Figur 3 wird auch zum Fahren mit dem Verbrennungsmotor verwen- det, wenn die Batterie leer ist und die elektrische Maschine 3 keinen Anteil am Antrieb leisten kann. Um in den zweiten Gang zu schalten wird lediglich die Kupplung C 3 zusätzlich zur Kupplung C 2 geschlossen. Figure 3 shows a state of the transmission and the clutches, which corresponds to the start of the vehicle. Of the four clutches is the Clutch C2 closed. All other couplings are open. When starting the transmission according to the invention operates with respect to the constant speed of the internal combustion engine as a continuously variable transmission (CVT). Both energy sources, the internal combustion engine 2 and the electric machine see 3, bringing power on the first gear on the differential. In this case, the energy that is present when adjusting the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 2, flows into the electric machine 3, so that the battery 4 is charged. The circuit position of Figure 3 is also used for driving with the internal combustion engine when the battery is empty and the electric machine 3 can not contribute to the drive. To switch to the second gear, only the clutch C 3 is closed in addition to the clutch C 2.
Dieses Überholgetriebe soll die Antriebswellendrehzahl auf die Abtriebswelle übertragen, wobei die Welle sich schneller als das Zahnrad drehen kann. In dieser Konstellation der Kupplungen dreht der elektrische Antrieb 3 in der ersten Stufe während der Verbrennungsmotor 2 in der zweiten Stufe dreht. This Überholgetriebe should transmit the drive shaft speed to the output shaft, the shaft can rotate faster than the gear. In this constellation of clutches, the electric drive 3 rotates in the first stage while the engine 2 rotates in the second stage.
Figur 4 stellt die Getriebesituation dar, wenn der Verbrennungsmotor 2 stillsteht. In diesem Fall ist die Kupplung C 1 geschlossen, alle weiteren Kupplungen C2, C3, C4 sind geöffnet. In diesem Fall überträgt nur die elektrische Maschine 3 Drehmoment auf den Antriebsstrang. Dabei ist die Richtung des Antriebs von der Drehrichtung der elektrischen Maschine abhängig, so das damit ein Vorwärtsfahren aber auch ein Rückwärtsfahren realisiert werden kann. Die bisher dargestellten Ausführungsformen verwenden Reibkupplungen um die verschiedenen Funktionen darzustellen. Da das System ein Basissystem für einen Antrieb darstellen soll und daher kostenoptimiert werden muss, ist es auch möglich Klauenkupplungen statt Reibkupplungen zumindest an den Positionen Cl und C2 zu verwenden. Für die Positionen C3 und C4 werden weiterhin Reibkupplungen eingesetzt, da die Anforderungen an dieser Stelle höher sind und sich die Reibkupplungen dafür besser eignen. FIG. 4 illustrates the transmission situation when the internal combustion engine 2 is stationary. In this case, the clutch C 1 is closed, all other clutches C2, C3, C4 are open. In this case, only the electric machine 3 transmits torque to the powertrain. The direction of the drive of the direction of rotation of the electric machine is dependent, so that a forward driving but also a reverse can be realized. The previously illustrated embodiments use friction clutches to represent the various functions. Since the system is intended to represent a basic system for a drive and therefore cost-optimized must, it is also possible to use claw clutches instead of friction clutches at least at the positions Cl and C2. For the positions C3 and C4 friction clutches are still used because the requirements are higher at this point and the friction clutches are better suited.
In Figur 5 wird eine Ausführungsform dargestellt in der die Kupplungen Cl und C2 sowie die Kupplungen C3 und C4 immer zusammen aktuiert werden. Auf diese Art und Weise werden lediglich zwei Aktuatoren für die vier Kupplungen verwendet. Weitere bauliche Anpassungen an die Aufgabe, eine kostengünstige Antriebssystemlösung vorzustellen sind möglich. Beispielsweise kann der Freilauf am zweiten Gang aus Kostengründen eingespart sein. In Figure 5, an embodiment is shown in which the clutches Cl and C2 and the clutches C3 and C4 are always actuated together. In this way, only two actuators are used for the four clutches. Further structural adaptations to the task of presenting a cost-effective drive system solution are possible. For example, the freewheel on the second gear can be saved for cost reasons.
Figur 6 zeigt die Ausführungsform wie nach Figur 1, mit dem Freilauf 14 zum ersten Gang. Diese Ausführung bietet die Möglichkeit in den zweiten Gang zu Schalten ohne die Kupplung für den ersten Gang aufmachen zu müssen. Man erhält somit baulich einen vereinfachten Schaltbereich und kommt mit 3 Aktuatoren für die 4 Kupplungen aus. Figure 6 shows the embodiment as shown in Figure 1, with the freewheel 14 to first gear. This version offers the possibility to shift to second gear without opening the clutch for first gear. Thus, it is structurally a simplified switching range and comes with 3 actuators for the 4 clutches.
Die nachstehende Tabelle fasst die Fahrbetriebsmodi zusammen. The table below summarizes the driving modes.
Kupplungen Kommentar Clutches comment
er Betriebsmodi Cl C2 C3 C4 he operating modes Cl C2 C3 C4
VKM Start 0 0 c c VKM start 0 0 c c
Laden beim Stehen 0 0 c c Stop/Sta rt reverse  Charging while standing 0 0 c c Stop / Sta rt reverse
Laden beim Segeln c 0 c c Im 1. Gang ohne Kupplungsbetätigung Loading while sailing c 0 c c In 1st gear without clutch
Rekuperieren o/c c c 0 Nur im 2. Gang Recuperation o / c c c 0 Only in 2nd gear
e-drive 1. Gang c 0 c 0 * Lastscha ltung 2-1 durch Öffnen von C2 e-drive 2. Gang o/c c c 0 : Lastschaltung 1-2 durch Schliessen von C2 e-drive rückwärts 1. Gang - - - - Modus nicht verfügba r e-drive 1st gear c 0 c 0 * Shifting 2-1 by opening C2 e-drive 2nd gear o / ccc 0 : Shift 1-2 by closing C2 e-drive reverse 1st gear - - - - Mode not available
e-drive rückwärts 2. Gang 0 c c 0  e-drive backward 2nd gear 0 c c 0
e-CVT 1. Gang c 0 0 c wie *; besonders zum Anfahren e-CVT 2. Gang o/c c 0 c wie **  e-CVT 1st gear c 0 0 c like *; especially for starting e-CVT 2nd gear o / c c c c as **
e-ICE-Drive 1. Gang c 0 c c wie * ; Vora ussetzung einer Drehzahldynamik der VKM e-ICE-Drive 2. Gang o/c c c c wie ** ; Voraussetzung einer Drehzahldynamik der VKM  e-ICE-Drive 1st gear c 0 c c like *; Pre-setting a speed dynamics of the VKM e-ICE-Drive 2nd gear o / c c c c as **; Requirement of a speed dynamics of the VKM
0 offen open 0 open open
c zu closed  c closed
u Undefiniert undefined  u Undefined undefined
or überholt over running  or overhauled over running
1 gesperrt locked  1 locked locked
ICE VKM engine  ICE VKM engine
"stufenlos" "continuously variable"  "stepless" "continuously variable"
optional optional
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Hybrides Antriebssystem1 hybrid drive system
2 Verbrennungsmotor2 internal combustion engine
3 Elektrische Maschine3 electric machine
4 Batterie 4 battery
5 Differential  5 differential
6 Schwingungsdämpfer 6 vibration absorbers
7 Leitungselektronik 7 line electronics
8 Planetengetriebe  8 planetary gear
9 Planetenträger  9 planet carrier
10 Sonnenrad  10 sun gear
1 1 Planetenräder  1 1 planet wheels
12 Kupplungen Cl C2 C3 C4 12 couplings Cl C2 C3 C4
13 Getriebe 13 gears
14 Freilauf  14 freewheel
15 Zahnradpaare  15 gear pairs
16 Welle  16 wave
16' Welle  16 'wave

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Hybrides Antriebssystem ( 1) für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor (2) und einer elektrischen Maschine (3), die an- triebsmäßig auf ein Differential (5) einwirken, wobei Verbrennungsmotor (2) und elektrische Maschine (3) über ein Planetengetriebe (8) und ein lastschaltbares zweistufiges Getriebe ( 13) mit einem Freilauf ( 14) miteinander über Wellen ( 16, 16') verbindbar sind, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor (2) zum Laden einer an die elektrische Maschine (3) angeschlossenen Batterie (4) in einem engen Drehzahlbereich betrieben wird, wobei das Planetengetriebe (8) und das lastschaltbare zweistufige Getriebe ( 13) mit Freilauf ( 14) so schaltbar sind, dass diese Getriebeeinheit ( 13) über ein Zahnradpaar ( 15) als zwei-Gang Schaltung für den Verbrennungsmotor (2) und die elektrische Maschine dient. A hybrid drive system (1) for a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine (2) and an electric machine (3) drivingly acting on a differential (5), said internal combustion engine (2) and said electric machine (3) via a planetary gear (8) and a power-shiftable two-stage transmission (13) with a freewheel (14) can be connected to one another via shafts (16, 16 '), the internal combustion engine (2) for charging a battery (4) connected to the electric machine (3). is operated in a narrow speed range, wherein the planetary gear (8) and the powershiftable two-stage transmission (13) with freewheel (14) are switchable, that this transmission unit (13) via a gear pair (15) as a two-speed circuit for the internal combustion engine (2) and the electric machine is used.
2. Hybrides Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Getriebe ( 13) über vier Kupplungen ( 12, Cl, C2, C3, C4) schaltbar ist. 2. hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that the transmission (13) via four clutches (12, Cl, C2, C3, C4) is switchable.
3. Hybrides Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kupplungen ( 12, Cl, C2, C3, C4) von drei Aktuatoren schaltbar sind. 3. hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the clutches (12, Cl, C2, C3, C4) of three actuators are switchable.
4. Hybrides Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug wenigstens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil der Kupplungen (Cl, C2) Klauenkupplungen sind. 4. Hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the clutches (Cl, C2) are jaw clutches.
5. Hybrides Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug wenigstens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebsmomente bevorzugt von der elektrischen Maschine (3) auf das Differential (5) einwirken. 5. Hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle at least according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive torque preferably from the electric machine (3) acting on the differential (5).
PCT/EP2013/075100 2012-12-06 2013-11-29 Hybrid drive system WO2014086680A1 (en)

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DE102012025501.2A DE102012025501B4 (en) 2012-12-18 2012-12-18 Hybrid drive system

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