WO2014077724A1 - Способ локализации неконтролируемых множественных отказов технических систем - Google Patents
Способ локализации неконтролируемых множественных отказов технических систем Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014077724A1 WO2014077724A1 PCT/RU2012/000958 RU2012000958W WO2014077724A1 WO 2014077724 A1 WO2014077724 A1 WO 2014077724A1 RU 2012000958 W RU2012000958 W RU 2012000958W WO 2014077724 A1 WO2014077724 A1 WO 2014077724A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/0751—Error or fault detection not based on redundancy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0259—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the response to fault detection
- G05B23/0275—Fault isolation and identification, e.g. classify fault; estimate cause or root of failure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/079—Root cause analysis, i.e. error or fault diagnosis
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of computational and control equipment and can be used in functional diagnostics systems that provide localization of failures (search for a place of failure) in technical systems based on information about the external manifestations of these failures.
- Functional diagnosis is understood as the process of determining the failure and finding the place of failure against the background of natural signals of the technical system, i.e. when the system is used for its intended purpose and it receives working (rather than test) influences [Mechanical Engineering. Encyclopedia. T. Sh-7. Measurements, control, diagnostics / Under the general. ed. V.V. Klyueva. - M.: Mechanical Engineering. 1996, p.404], [Fundamentals of technical diagnostics. Prince 1. Object models, methods and diagnosis algorithms / Ed. P.P. Parkhomenko. - M .: Energy. 1976, p. 13].
- Diagnostics of technical systems includes at least two tasks:
- the method and device solve the second of these problems, namely, troubleshooting.
- Uncontrolled failures in the invention are understood to mean failures of subsystems, blocks, modules or elements of a technical system (hereinafter referred to as the diagnostic object) that are not directly determined by monitoring systems (including built-in monitoring tools). From the standpoint of the modern theory of systems, such failures can be regarded as observable, i.e. with the potential for their detection, and unobservable, i.e. not having such a potential. In the first case, the method and device proposed here give an indication of the place of failure, and in the second, they form a decision on the insufficient information available to solve the localization problem.
- the occurrence of an uncontrolled failure in the system can lead to a disruption in its operability or a violation of the correct functioning in all or individual modes, or it may not lead to any manifestations (for example, when reserving a failed element).
- the task of localizing uncontrolled failures is understood as the search for places and possible causes of failures by their external observed manifestations.
- Logical recognition methods include graph theory methods. Closest to the claimed device and the method of its operation is a functional diagnosis device (UD), [Fundamentals of technical diagnostics. Prince 1. Object models, methods and diagnosis algorithms / Ed. P.P. Parkhomenko. - M .: Energy. 1976, p. 38].
- UD functional diagnosis device
- Diagnostic object is an interconnected set of parts (systems, subsystems, blocks, devices, modules, elements), hereinafter referred to collectively as elements.
- elements When diagnosing, the task of localizing the failure is posed, i.e. indication of the failed element.
- OD operates under the influence of input signals arriving at it and generates output signals that may or may not be available for direct measurement.
- the diagnostic object is connected to the diagnostic device (UD) through the communication unit (BS) included in its structure.
- the technical state of the OD is expressed by the vector X, called the vector of the technical state of the OD and containing n components in the form of variables
- Xj corresponding to the technical state of the elements of the OD; here j is the serial number of the element from the set of all n elements of the OD.
- the number n is called the dimension vector X.
- a fundamental feature of directly uncontrolled failures of an OD is the inaccessibility of its vector of technical state X for direct measurement. Therefore, the UD for the diagnosis uses a specially formed assessment of the self of this vector. The goal of failover is to fulfill equality
- the communication unit (BS) under the influence of the control unit (CU) generates the links of the measuring unit (IS) with directly controlled OD parameters, containing both explicit information Q about the operating mode of the OD and implicit information Z about its technical condition elements.
- Information about the operating mode of the OD is transmitted to the DD to perform the corresponding settings of its blocks.
- OD input and output signals may or may not directly enter Q and Z parameters. It is not necessary that all OD elements be available for direct control of information security.
- the IS measuring unit is a functional control device and, based on the methods incorporated in it (for example, tolerance control methods), determines the operability or inoperability of some (not all of them) elements of the OD or their associations.
- a vector of failure manifestations Y is formed.
- the BS generates an estimate of I of the technical state vector X.
- Does the UD contain a formalized model (FM) of the object for diagnosing OD which, according to the estimate of the I of the vector of technical state, forms an estimate? failure manifestation vectors. If the estimate of I is correctly defined, i.e. under condition (1), which is the purpose of the search for failures, the vectors of the measured and calculated manifestations of OD failures should coincide:
- RBR result decryption unit
- the BRD also issues commands for reconfiguring the ML. This displays the relationship between the RBD and OD units.
- the diagnostic device contains: a control unit for the control unit, a measuring unit for information security, a direct logical model of the PLM, and a unit for decrypting the results of the RBD.
- the UD contains: a control unit of a control unit, a communication unit of a BS, a measuring unit of information security, a unit for deciphering the results of BRR and OLM.
- PLM and OLM are used separately in various functional circuits.
- UD introduces the assumption of an unlikely TM simultaneous failure of two or more elements.
- the number of searches in the MD based on PLM is reduced to n (where n is the dimension of the vector X, that is, the number of OD elements whose technical state is to be determined).
- n is the dimension of the vector X, that is, the number of OD elements whose technical state is to be determined.
- the same assumption can be applied when constructing UDs based on the inverse logical model.
- the DE can incorrectly determine the failed elements.
- the basis of the present invention is the task of improving technical and operational characteristics.
- the technical result that was obtained during the implementation of the invention is to increase the efficiency, depth and reliability of diagnosing the technical condition of objects of high complexity.
- the method for localizing uncontrolled multiple failures of technical systems consists in receiving signals from the diagnostic object, taking into account information about the internal connections of the diagnostic object, they convert these signals into a vector of initial estimates the technical condition of the elements of the object of diagnosis, refine estimates of the technical condition of the elements of the object of diagnosis through a cyclic process and use formalized models of the diagnostic object in reverse and direct time, while alternately using the inverse logical model and the direct logical model as formalized models of the diagnostic object, an assessment of the technical state vector is formed in a cyclic process, at the end of the cyclic process by the variable components of which are judged on the technical condition of the elements of the diagnostic object.
- variable components of the vector of initial assessments of the technical state of the elements of the diagnostic object are assigned the triplex values “operational”, “not operational”, “state not defined”, b
- the localization device for uncontrolled multiple failures of technical systems contains a communication unit, two inputs of which are used to connect the diagnostics object to two outputs, a measuring unit, an initial evaluation unit, a switching unit, formalized model, made from the inverse logical triplex model and the direct logical triplex model, the unit for decrypting the results and the control unit, the output of the subunit is single to the input of the measuring unit, and its output is to the input of the initial evaluation unit, the first output of the initial evaluation unit is connected to the first input of the switching unit, and its second output is to the second input of the switching unit, the first output of the switching unit is connected to the input of the inverse logical triplex model, and its second output to the input of the direct logical triplex model, the output of the reverse logical triplex model is connected to the third input of the switching unit, and the output of the direct logical triplex model to the fourth input of the switching unit, the third output of the switching unit is connected to the input of
- An additional embodiment of the device is possible, in which it is expedient for the decryption unit of the results to be provided with a third output, which serves to connect the diagnostic object to the control input.
- the main significant difference of the invention in comparison with analogues is the alternate use of the inverse and direct logical models.
- the use of the inverse logical model allows one to significantly reduce the computational substantial or hardware costs, and the use of a direct logical model is to overcome the ambiguity of the results.
- the new diagnostic possibilities used in the invention open up when switching to triplex variables, which makes it possible to divide all the elements of the OD diagnostic object into three categories: operable, inoperative, and those with respect to whose operability it is generally or so far impossible to formulate an unambiguous statement .
- the use of a triplex description of the technical condition of the object of diagnosing OD is another significant difference between the present invention and its analogues.
- the known method for localizing uncontrolled failures of technical objects is taken as the basis, which consists in first determining the state of the elements of the diagnostic object accessible for direct monitoring by processing the signals of these elements. Then, on the basis of information on the state of directly controlled parts and on the internal connections of the diagnostic object, the state of the others is determined, i.e. directly uncontrolled elements of the diagnostic object.
- triplex variables are used with the values “operational”, “not operational”, “state not defined”.
- initial estimates of the technical condition of all elements of the diagnostic object are formed.
- cyclic processes are used in which the use of direct and inverse logical triplex models of the diagnostic object is alternated.
- the diagnostic results are generated and output in terms of the indicated triplex variables.
- a rule for terminating cyclic processes of refining estimates of the technical condition of elements of a diagnostic object either the exhaustion of a given number of cycles or the termination of changes in cyclically refined estimates is used.
- Figure 1 depicts a functional diagram of a diagnostic device (UD) of the closest analogue
- FIG. 2 is the same as FIG. 1, UD based on a direct logical model
- FIG. 3 is the same as FIG. 1, UD based on the inverse logical model
- FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of an apparatus for localizing uncontrolled multiple failures of technical systems (ALS) according to the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a table of direct logic arithmetic
- FIG. 6 table of arithmetic inverse logic
- FIG. 7 mixed directional graph.
- the device (Fig. 4) for localization of uncontrolled multiple failures of technical systems contains a communication unit 1 (BS), two inputs of which are used to connect to two outputs of the data of diagnostic object 2 (OD).
- the device also contains a measuring unit 3 (IS), an initial evaluation unit (BFNO) 4, a switching unit 5 (K), a formalized model made from inverse logical triplex model 6 (OLTM) and direct logical triplex model 7 (PLTM) , block 8 decoding results (BRR) and block 9 control (BU).
- the output of the communication unit is connected to the input of IB 3, and the output of IB 3 to the input of block 4 of the formation of the initial assessment.
- the first output of BFNO 4 is connected to the first input of K 5, and its second output to the second input of K 5.
- the first output of K 5 is connected to the input of OLTM 6, and its second output to the input of PLTM 7.
- the output of OLTM b is connected to the third input of the block 5 switching, and the output of PLTM 4 to the fourth input of K 5.
- the third output of K 5 is connected to the input of the BRP 8, the first output of which is connected to the input of the control unit 9, and the second output is used to display the data of the diagnostic results.
- the output of the control unit 9 is connected to the control input of the communication unit 1.
- BRP 8 can be equipped with a third output, which serves to connect to the control input OD 2.
- the device operates (Fig. 4) as follows. Signals Q containing explicit information about the operating mode of OD 2 and signals Z containing implicit information about the technical condition of the elements of OD 2 are fed to the inputs of BS 1 ULO, from OD 2, and the diagnostic process is cyclical. Each cycle begins with BS 1, in accordance with the commands coming from BU 9 and Q signals, selectively transmits Z signals to IB 3, which in turn converts them into signals corresponding to the failure manifestation vector Y in the current cycle, and transmits them to BFNO 4. In this block 4, signals are generated corresponding to the initial value of the estimation of the vector of the technical state of the diagnostic object.
- the signals are transmitted to switching unit 5, which analyzes the results of operation of the logic triplex models OLTM 6 and PLTM 7 (for this, feedback from the outputs from OLTM and PLTM to the third and fourth K 5 inputs is provided).
- K 5 connects one of these models and sends to its input signals corresponding to the current value of assessing the technical state of OD 2 (here, k is the number of the current cycle of the diagnostic cycle), or it sends signals corresponding to the final assessment X to BRD 8 (h) the technical condition of OD 2 (here h is the number of the last step of the diagnostic cycle).
- BRD 8 from the first output sends signals to the control unit 9 for controlling the cycles of the diagnostic process, from the second output it gives the diagnostic result in the form of signals corresponding to the obtained assessment of the technical state of the OD 2. From the third output of the BRD 8, the signals for the reconfiguration can be sent to the OD 2 OD 2, if it is provided for the problem to be solved.
- Each part of the diagnostic object considered from the standpoint of failure analysis as an independent one, is a subsystem, node or element, and can have its own tuple of input and output logic, represented by the operators "OR” and "AND".
- Figure 7 shows a methodical directional mixed graph for a hypothetical OD 2 with six vertices (which are elements of a diagnostic object 2). At the same time, some vertices of such a graph may represent elements with possible failures, some may be internal processes, and some may be manifestations of these failures. Thus, where is the input, and where is the output determined only by the serial numbers of the vertices.
- vertices 1 and 3 are the elements of the system that may contain failures
- vertices 2 and 5 are the elements of the system on which these failures appear (can be detected, fixed)
- vertices 4 and 6 are some internal elements, not Relating neither to one, nor to another type, but providing a representation of the logic of the processes under study.
- an output preference rule deterministic prescription or random distribution
- serial number j of each component encrypts the physical content and belonging to the category: failure, manifestation, or internal variable.
- the structure of connections (edges) of the graph in figure 7 does not contain uncertainties. Then the graph in figure 7 is equivalent to the formula
- a model of the form (4) is a direct logical triplex model (PLTM), and a coefficient matrix is a direct dependence matrix DM (Dependency Matrix).
- PLTM direct logical triplex model
- DM Direct dependence matrix
- the output matrix EM Exit Matrix
- EM Exit Matrix
- Multiplying the technical state vector X from the left by such a matrix makes it possible to select from all the elements of the object of diagnosing OD 2 only those elements (or, in the general case, their combinations) that correspond to the observed manifestations of failures.
- This matrix implements the measuring unit 3 (Fig. 4).
- the output matrix is determined by the equalities
- X (k + 1) DMX (k) + X (0), (6)
- Equation (6) describes the generalized development of the effect of failures from the top to the top (from element to element of OD 2), equation (4) describes the manifestation of failures (on some elements of OD 2, which corresponds to the physical nature of OD 2). ''
- a specific model is adequate to the process of development of failures in a real system, which is based on formalized descriptions of systems, expert opinion and the results of semi-natural experiments. After validation, they proceed to the next step, i.e. failure localization stage.
- failures can be either simple (single) or complex (multiple).
- the only restriction introduced here is that failures do not change during one the full cycle of the process of their localization.
- the measuring unit IB 3 correctly determines the vector of the observed manifestations of failures Y (0) at time 0, corresponding to the beginning of the next localization cycle.
- Stage JSs 1 According to the vector of the observed manifestations of failures Y (0), an estimate () of the entire vector of the technical state X () of the system (logical variables of all the vertices of the mixed graph) at time 0, corresponding to the beginning of the next localization cycle, is formed.
- the following values are assigned to the elements of the vector ⁇ (0): “0” - the corresponding element is reliably operational; “1” - the corresponding element is reliably inoperative; “*” Is an undefined element, the performance of which cannot be estimated from the observed manifestation of failures.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ), m ⁇ n, (8) with respect to the vector.
- ⁇ (0) is the vector of the manifestations of failures with m components
- ⁇ (0) is the vector of the technical state of the elements of OD 2 with and components
- EM is a binary matrix with m rows and columns
- a dot in the middle of the line marks the operation matrix multiplication.
- the resulting formula has the form
- Stage M 2 Based on the well-known DM matrix, or rather, its inversion rDM (the Dependency Matrix), the elements of the vector X marked with “*” are refined in the reverse sequence of propagation of the influence of failures, i.e. unambiguously uncertain.
- a model of the form (1 1) is the inverse logical triplex model (OLTM), and the coefficient matrix is the inverse rDM matrix.
- the first circumstance determines the branching rule of the “fault tree”
- the second excludes unpromising (contrary to the logic of the diagnostic object) branches.
- a simplified block diagram of the process (operation of the ULA, Fig. 4) that implements an iterative procedure for localizing failures is given below.
- Stage L ° 3 Possible resulting places of reliable failures are indicated by the resulting unit values of the components of the evaluation of I of the technical state vector.
- the presence of zero elements indicates reliably operable elements of ML 2.
- the presence of asterisks * indicates those elements of ML 2 (modules, blocks, devices, subsystems) for which, based on available information about the manifestation of failures and the structure of the object, it cannot be a categorical statement about failure or serviceability. In this is manifested inherent OD 2 incompleteness of control (an objective property of OD 2).
- the technical condition of the object 2 for diagnosing OD is completely determined by the vector X, i.e. having only Boolean elements (“0” - the element is operational, “1” - the failure of the element).
- the ULV is connected with the diagnostic object 2 using the communication unit BS 1.
- the measuring unit IB 3 monitors the technical condition of certain elements of the diagnostic object Y at some point in time, hereinafter referred to as initial, and forms a vector of observed manifestations bounce 7 (0) for this point in time. Based on the information about 7 (0), in the block for the formation of the initial assessment of BFNO 4, an initial estimate of the state vector is formed,? (0), which is triplex.
- the specific positions of the occurrence of uncertainties in accordance with formulas (9), (10) are determined by the structure of the zero dividers of the EM output matrix, i.e. a priori information on the structural features of OD 2.
- the device operates cyclically. After receiving information X (0) from BFNO
- the use of the direct PTLM model occurs only if the next specified element is “*”, i.e. remains uncertain.
- the use of OTLM 6 is not productive - see figure 6: the reverse transition from the output with the value “*” always leads to uncertainty of the inputs, i.e. the multiplication of uncertainty in the system.
- the direct model of PTLM 7 is not fully used, but only in that part that corresponds to the component to be refined, i.e. its one line. In all other cases, only OTML 6 is used. This can significantly reduce the amount of computation.
- the number of iterations does not exceed 2n, where n is the number of diagnosed elements of OD 2.
- the technical result - efficiency in the claimed solution is ensured by the fact that, despite the complexity of the physical processes that actually occur in OD 2, the method and device for localizing failures operate exclusively with logical variables, and the simplicity of the algebraic rules used allows information to be processed in a significantly accelerated time. As a result, almost real-time diagnostic results can be obtained.
- an explicit indication obtained by applying the proposed invention, on the presence and location of those parts of the diagnostic object for which an unambiguous judgment on the technical condition cannot be formulated provides a unique opportunity for further improvement of the diagnostic object, in the sense of achieving deeper control, by introducing additional points of control of its parts, and by building up internal links (complexing) of these parts.
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KR1020157013182A KR101757086B1 (ko) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-20 | 테크니컬 시스템의 다중 제어불가 장애의 위치확인 방법 |
EP12888226.3A EP2921917A4 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-20 | METHOD FOR LOCATING MULTIPLE UNCONTROLLED FAILURES OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS |
CN201280078133.XA CN105103060B (zh) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-20 | 对运行的工程系统中不可控的多个故障局部化的周期性方法和设备 |
JP2015543000A JP2015536509A (ja) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-20 | 稼働中のエンジニアリングシステムにおける制御不能な多重障害を局所化するサイクル的方法および装置 |
US14/714,410 US9734002B2 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2015-05-18 | Cyclical method and a device for localizing uncontrollable multiple failures in engineering systems in operation |
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RU2012149034/08A RU2557441C2 (ru) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-19 | Циклический способ локализации неконтролируемых множественных отказов технических систем в процессе их функционирования и устройство для его реализации |
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US14/714,410 Continuation-In-Part US9734002B2 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2015-05-18 | Cyclical method and a device for localizing uncontrollable multiple failures in engineering systems in operation |
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EP (1) | EP2921917A4 (ru) |
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KR (1) | KR101757086B1 (ru) |
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RU2646769C2 (ru) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-03-07 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт Авиационного оборудования" | Способ автоматического управления неоднородной избыточностью комплекса оборудования и устройство для его реализации |
CN109060347B (zh) * | 2018-10-25 | 2020-01-14 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 基于堆叠消噪自动编码器和门控循环单元神经网络的行星齿轮故障识别方法 |
KR20210059278A (ko) | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-25 | 디포커스 (주) | 디지털 트윈 기반 건설기계 지능화를 위한 데이터 통합수집시스템 |
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CN114048076B (zh) * | 2021-10-30 | 2023-04-21 | 西南电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所) | 航空通信电子人机协同排故系统 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2921917A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
KR101757086B1 (ko) | 2017-07-11 |
KR20150074110A (ko) | 2015-07-01 |
RU2012149034A (ru) | 2014-05-27 |
CN105103060B (zh) | 2018-04-10 |
US9734002B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
JP2015536509A (ja) | 2015-12-21 |
RU2557441C2 (ru) | 2015-07-20 |
US20150248321A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
CN105103060A (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2921917A4 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
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