WO2014071846A1 - 稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备 - Google Patents

稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014071846A1
WO2014071846A1 PCT/CN2013/086637 CN2013086637W WO2014071846A1 WO 2014071846 A1 WO2014071846 A1 WO 2014071846A1 CN 2013086637 W CN2013086637 W CN 2013086637W WO 2014071846 A1 WO2014071846 A1 WO 2014071846A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vacuum
chamber
rare earth
earth permanent
quick
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PCT/CN2013/086637
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙宝玉
陈晓东
Original Assignee
沈阳中北真空科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2014071846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014071846A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/04—Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vacuum induction melting quick-setting apparatus, and more particularly to a vacuum melting quick-setting apparatus for melting a neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnet alloy and a rare earth hydrogen storage alloy.
  • NdFeB rare earth permanent magnets are widely used in electronics, electrical appliances, motors, etc., and are used more and more widely.
  • the rare earth hydrogen storage alloy is a negative electrode material of a nickel hydrogen battery. Widely used in power tools, hybrid vehicles, etc., has more and more extensive use.
  • the existing NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet manufacturing process and vacuum melting quick-setting equipment are to put the rare earth permanent magnet alloy raw material or the rare earth hydrogen storage alloy raw material into the melting crucible of the vacuum melting quick-setting equipment under vacuum and protective atmosphere.
  • the raw material is heated and melted into a molten alloy, and then cast into an outer surface of a water-cooled copper chill roll through a tundish at a controlled speed to form an alloy flake, and the cooled alloy flakes are dropped onto a horizontally rotating water-cooled turntable.
  • the furnace door of the vacuum quick-setting apparatus is opened, and the alloy piece is taken out.
  • the vacuum smelting and quick-setting processes and equipment currently used have greatly improved the performance of the products compared to the previous ingot processes and equipment, but there are still many problems with the products.
  • In the production of rare earth permanent magnet alloy flakes due to uneven secondary cooling and low cooling rate, uneven grain distribution and too small fine crystal grains are found in the metallographic structure of the product, and ⁇ -iron is often precipitated.
  • In the production of rare earth hydrogen storage alloys there is also a small amount of manganese precipitation. These phenomena seriously affect the performance of the product, and then the alloy flakes are subjected to vacuum heat treatment in a vacuum heat treatment furnace to eliminate manganese precipitation and homogenize the grains.
  • Existing equipment loading and discharging operations are inconvenient and equipment maintenance is difficult.
  • the present invention provides a rare earth permanent magnet alloy vacuum induction melting quick-setting apparatus.
  • the invention comprises a vacuum induction melting quick-setting chamber, a receiving tank and a vacuum isolation valve with double-doors that can work alternately.
  • the vacuum induction melting quick-setting chamber is placed above the receiving tank, and the outlet and receiving of the guiding cylinder
  • a vacuum isolation valve is connected between the tanks, and a vacuum induction melting chamber is also connected with a vacuum system, an inert gas introduction line, a temperature measuring thermocouple, a pressure gauge, a vacuum gauge and a safety valve, and the alternately operating double chamber door
  • Each door has a tilting induction furnace.
  • the double chamber door is provided with a water-cooled interlayer, and each of the double chamber doors is suspended with an induction furnace with a tilting mechanism, and the induction furnace comprises a crucible, a steel frame, a heat resistant brick and a copper induction coil, and the crucible is placed in the induction.
  • the sputum outlet is a diversion nozzle
  • the outer circumference is a refractory brick, a copper induction coil and a steel frame
  • the steel frame of the induction furnace and the support frame of the chamber door are coupled by a rotating shaft, and the tilting mechanism is respectively connected to the chamber Door and induction furnace frame.
  • the quick-setting chamber housing further includes a tundish, a quenching copper roller and a guiding cylinder, and the tundish is disposed between the crucible guiding nozzle and the quenching copper roller, and the three-dimensional adjusting mechanism is connected to the tundish, and the middle adjustment is performed.
  • the gap between the nozzle of the package and the quenching copper roller, the quenching copper roller is placed under the tundish in the chamber casing, the guiding cylinder is below the quenching copper roller, and a vacuum isolation valve is arranged below the guiding cylinder to receive the tank.
  • a water-cooling tube is arranged on the outer wall of the guiding cylinder, and a pulverizing roller is arranged in the guiding cylinder.
  • the quick-setting chamber housing is further provided with a maintenance door, and the 3ft observation window on the maintenance door is provided with a camera, and the top surface of the chamber housing is provided with an lft, a 2ft observation window, a safety valve and a temperature measuring thermocouple.
  • the receiving tank is an annular tank body with a water-cooled jacket, and a water-cooling core tube connected to the water-cooling jacket is disposed in the middle portion, and a plurality of fins are arranged between the water-cooling core tube and the inner wall of the tank body in the tank chamber.
  • the separator of the sheet has a wheel that reciprocates on the pre-buried track at the bottom of the outer body of the can.
  • an air inlet pipe communicating with the inner cavity is connected to the side wall of the receiving tank body.
  • a manual butterfly valve is disposed at the receiving end of the receiving tank.
  • a water-cooling tank for cooling the discharge tank is further provided.
  • the double-chamber door is alternately operated with one induction furnace, which greatly improves the production efficiency; the rare earth alloy vacuum solidification sheet, cooling and discharging
  • the protection atmosphere of a device is completed, and the discharge tank is provided with a water-cooled jacket to improve the cooling efficiency and prevent the alloy fragments from accumulating and sticking in time. It can also be hoisted and placed in a water-cooling tank for cooling, and the secondary cooling speed is fast. Uniform cooling, high product performance and good consistency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rare earth permanent magnet alloy vacuum induction melting quick-setting apparatus.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the chamber casing of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the receiving tank of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;
  • the present invention comprises a vacuum induction melting quick set chamber, a receiving tank 23 and a vacuum isolation valve 22 having double chamber doors (lft chamber doors 1 and 2ft chamber doors 4, respectively) which are alternately operable.
  • the quick setting chamber is placed above the receiving tank 23, and the vacuum isolation valve 22 is connected between the outlet of the guiding cylinder 21 and the receiving tank 23, and the vacuum induction melting chamber is also connected with a vacuum system 6 (existing The structure), the inert gas introduction line, the armored thermocouple, the vacuum gauge, the pressure gauge and the safety valve, each of the alternately operating double chamber doors each has a tiltable induction furnace 2.
  • the quick-setting chamber is a vacuum chamber, and two chamber doors 1 and 4 are alternately operated at one end, and the chamber shell is at the center.
  • the furnace 2 includes a crucible 14, a steel frame 10, a heat-resistant brick and a magnesia 15 and a copper induction coil 13, and the outer circumference of the crucible 14 is a heat-resistant brick and a magnesia 15, a copper induction coil 13 and a steel frame 10,
  • the side of the crucible 14 is made of magnesia, the crucible 14 is placed at the bottom of the furnace body through the steel frame 10, and the outlet of the crucible is the diversion nozzle 25;
  • the support frame 3 of the induction furnace 2 and the 1ft chamber door 1 and the 2ft chamber door 4 are passed through the shaft 24 connected,
  • the induction furnace 2 has a tilting mechanism 11, the tilting mechanism 11 is composed of a steel pulley block, the pulleys are respectively fixed on the chamber door and the induction furnace steel frame 10, the steel wire is wound
  • the tilting mechanism 11 can rotate the induction furnace 2 about the rotating shaft 24 on the support frame 3.
  • a camera is provided on the 3ft viewing window 20 on the service door 7, and the condition of the crucible 14 and the quenching copper roller 18 is observed in real time.
  • the chamber housing 5 has an lft, a 2ft viewing window 12, 16, a safety valve and a temperature measuring thermocouple.
  • the thermocouple is a mobile armored thermocouple. When measuring temperature, the thermocouple can be detected in the molten steel. When not in use, keep away from the crucible 14.
  • the induction coil 13 is connected to the control cabinet 8 via an intermediate frequency induction power supply 9.
  • the inside of the quick-setting chamber casing is further provided with a tundish 17, a quenching copper roller 18 and a guiding cylinder 21, and the tundish 17 is placed between the crucible guiding nozzle 25 and the quenching copper roller 18, in the middle
  • the bag 17 is composed of a steel frame and a refractory material.
  • a nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the tundish 17.
  • the gap between the nozzle and the quenching copper roller 18 is manually adjusted by a linear guide.
  • the three-dimensional adjustment mechanism is an existing structure.
  • a linear slide assembly that cooperates with each other is disposed in the three-axis direction, and the tundish is fixed on a platen of one of the three axes, and the platen moves in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions.
  • the quenching copper roll 18 is placed below the tundish 17 in the chamber casing 5, and the guide barrel 21 is below the quenching copper roll 18, and a vacuum isolation valve 22 is disposed below the guide barrel 21 to receive the tank 23.
  • a water-cooling tube is arranged on the outer wall of the guide cylinder 21, and a pulverizing roller 19 is disposed in the guide cylinder 21.
  • the receiving tank 23 is an annular tank body with a water-cooling jacket 27, and a water-cooling core tube 30 communicating with the water-cooling jacket 27 in the middle, and a water-cooling jacket is arranged on the tank body.
  • 27 communicating inlet and outlet 32, 33, a water-cooling core tube 30 in the tank body and a partition plate 35 with fins 28 are disposed between the inner wall of the tank body, and the bottom of the tank body is provided with reciprocating walking on the pre-buried rail.
  • the wheel 29; a manual butterfly valve 26 is disposed at the receiving end of the receiving tank 23, and an inflation line 31 is connected to the side wall of the tank.
  • the invention may also be provided with an externally attached water-cooling tank for hoisting the receiving tank 23 into the water tank.
  • the tank is cooled in direct contact with water.
  • the present invention energizes the induction coil 13 with an intermediate frequency induction power source 9 disposed outside the vacuum chamber under vacuum and/or a protective atmosphere to start heating the charge in the crucible 14 until the furnace material is melted and fully alloyed.
  • the molten alloy flows out along the flow nozzle 25 of the crucible 14, and is cast into the lower tundish 17 below.
  • the tundish 17 is provided with a nozzle at a place where it is in contact with the quenching copper roll 18, and the molten alloy in the tundish is sprayed onto the outer surface of the rotating quenching copper roll 18 through a nozzle, and the molten alloy is cooled on the surface of the quenching copper roll 18. An alloy flake is formed.
  • the sheet is dropped into the lower guide cylinder 21 as the quenching copper roll 18 is rotated.
  • a pulverizing roller 19 is disposed in the guide cylinder 21, and the alloy flakes are broken by the pulverizing roller 19 into small pieces and dropped into the receiving tank 23 below the vacuum isolation valve 22 below the guiding cylinder 21.
  • the vacuum isolation valve 22 is closed, the debris receiving tank 23 is moved to one end, and the other receiving tank 23 is docked with the vacuum isolation valve 22.
  • the receiving tank 23 is provided with a water-cooled jacket 27, and the water-cooled core tube 30 in the middle of the tank chamber is connected to the water-cooling jacket 27, and a partition 35 is provided in the tank chamber.
  • R-Fe-BM (R is one or more kinds of rare earth elements of Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb) which have been compounded according to the material composition and weight percentage under atmospheric pressure, and M is Co, Al, Cu,
  • a raw material of one or more of Zr and Ga is placed in the crucible 14 of the 1 ft chamber door 1 and the 2 ft chamber door 4 of the vacuum induction melting quick-setting apparatus. Manually close the 1ft chamber door 1 or 2ft chamber door 4, close the service door 7 and the vacuum isolation valve 22, and depressurize the vacuum system 6 of the Roots pump and the parallel parallel slide valve unit to a specified pressure (for example, 5 Pa or less).
  • the shielding gas introduction valve is filled with the shielding gas in the furnace, and under the vacuum and the protective atmosphere, the intermediate frequency induction power source 9 is activated, and the raw material is melted into a molten alloy by induction heating.
  • the molten alloy flows out along the nozzle 25 of the crucible 14 through the crucible tilting mechanism 11, and is cast into the lower middle.
  • Package 17 is included.
  • the alloy liquid is spray cast through the nozzles on the tundish 17 onto the outer surface of the rotating quench copper roll 18 for cooling.
  • the rotation speed of the rotary quenching copper roll 18 can be set according to the process requirements.
  • the alloy flake cooled by the rotary quenching copper roll 18 is dropped into the water-cooled receiving tank 23 located below through the guide cylinder 21, and the crushing roller 19 is disposed on the guide cylinder 21, and a water-cooled tube is wound around the wall of the guide cylinder 21. .
  • Below the guide barrel 21 is a vacuum isolation valve 22.
  • the receiving tank 23 is provided with a water-cooling jacket 27, and a water-cooling core tube 30 is communicated with the water-cooling jacket 27 in the middle of the tank chamber, and a partition 35 is provided between the water-cooling core tube 30 and the inner wall of the water-cooling jacket 27 in the middle of the tank chamber to improve cooling. Efficiency, preventing alloy fragments from accumulating in time and sticking.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

一种稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备，包括交替工作的带有感应炉体（2）的双室门（1，4）、室壳体（5）、维修门（7）、真空系统（6）、水冷系统和控制柜（8）。感应炉体钢制框架（10）与室门的支架通过转轴（24）连接，炉体由坩埚（14）、钢制框架、耐热砖和铜制感应线圈（13）组成。室壳体内有急冷铜辊（18）、中间包（17）、抽真空装置、惰性气体导入装置、测温机构、压力控制和安全阀。收料罐（23）在室壳体的下方，通过隔离插板阀与其连接，收料罐是水冷夹套（27）的环形罐体，罐腔内有隔板（35）。该真空感应熔炼速凝设备将稀土永磁原料在真空或保护气氛下感应加热工艺、熔融合金工艺、速凝工艺和无氧出料一次完成，从而提高产品性能和生产效率；简化工艺；减少设备投资。

Description

稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种真空感应熔炼速凝设备，特别是涉及一种用于钕铁硼稀土 永磁合金和稀土储氢合金熔炼的真空熔炼速凝设备。
背景技术
钕铁硼稀土永磁磁体广泛应用于电子、 电器、 电机等， 有着越来越广泛的 用处。 稀土储氢合金是镍氢电池的负极材料。 广泛应用于电动工具、 混合动力 汽车等， 有着越来越广泛的用处。
现有的钕铁硼稀土永磁制造工艺和真空熔炼速凝设备是将稀土永磁合金的 原料或稀土储氢合金原料， 放到真空熔炼速凝设备的熔炼坩埚内， 在真空和保 护气氛下将原料加热熔化成熔融的合金， 然后通过中间包在可控的速度下， 浇 铸到带水冷的铜冷却辊的外表面上形成合金薄片， 冷却后的合金薄片掉到水平 旋转的水冷转盘上进行二次冷却， 待合金片冷却后， 打开真空速凝设备的炉门， 将合金片取出。
目前使用的真空熔炼速凝工艺和设备与先前的铸锭工艺和设备相比，产品 的性能有了很大的提高，但是产品仍然存在许多问题。 在生产稀土永磁合金薄片 时， 由于二次冷却不均匀， 冷却速度低， 产品的金相结构中发现晶粒分布不均 和过细的小晶粒的现象， 并经常有 α-铁析出。 在生产稀土储氢合金时， 还有少 量的锰析出现象。 这些现象严重影响着产品的性能， 之后合金薄片还要在真空 热处理炉中进行真空热处理， 以消除锰析出和使晶粒均匀化。 现有设备装料和 出料操作不方便， 设备维护困难。
发明内容
针对上述存在的技术问题， 本发明提供一种稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速 凝设备。
本发明包括具有可交替工作的双室门的真空感应熔炼速凝室、 收料罐和真 空隔离阀门， 所述真空感应熔炼速凝室置于收料罐上方， 其导料筒出口与收料 罐之间有真空隔离阀门相接， 真空感应熔炼速凝室还连接有真空系统、 惰性气 体导入管路、 测温热电偶、 压力表、 真空规和安全阀， 所述交替工作的双室门， 每个室门带有一个可倾动的感应炉。
进一步地， 所述的双室门带有水冷夹层， 双室门内各悬挂有带倾动机构的 感应炉， 感应炉包括坩埚、 钢制框架、 耐热砖和铜制感应线圈， 坩埚置于感应 炉内部， 坩埚出口为导流嘴， 坩埚外周依次为耐火砖、 铜制感应线圈和钢制框 架， 感应炉的钢制框架与室门的支撑框架通过转轴联接， 所述倾动机构分别连 接在室门和感应炉框架上。
进一步地， 所述速凝室壳体内部还有中间包、 急冷铜辊和导料筒， 中间包 置于坩埚导流嘴和急冷铜辊之间， 中间包上连接有三维调节机构， 调节中间包 的喷嘴和急冷铜辊的间隙， 急冷铜辊置于室壳体内中间包的下方， 导料筒在急 冷铜辊的下方， 导料筒下方设有真空隔离阀门， 对接收料罐。
进一步地， 所述导料筒外壁上盘有水冷管， 导料筒内设有粉碎辊。
进一步地， 所述速凝室壳体还设有维修门， 维修门上的 3ft观察窗设有摄像 头， 室壳体顶板上分设有 lft、 2ft观察窗、 安全阀和测温热电偶。
进一步地， 所述收料罐是带有水冷夹套的环形罐体， 其中部设有与水冷夹 套连通的水冷芯管， 罐腔体内水冷芯管与罐体内壁间设置有多个带翅片的隔板， 罐体外底部有在预埋的轨道上往复行走的车轮。
进一步地， 所述收料罐体侧壁上连接有连通内腔的充气管路。
进一步地， 在所述收料罐收料口端设置有手动蝶阀。
进一步地， 还设有用于冷却出料罐的水冷槽。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明与现有的真空感应加热速凝炉相比， 采用的双室门分别带有 1个感 应炉交替工作， 大大地提高了生产效率； 稀土合金真空速凝制薄片、 冷却和出 料在一个设备的保护气氛中完成， 出料罐带有水冷夹套， 提高冷却效率， 防止 合金碎片顺时集积而粘连； 也可以吊装放入水冷槽中冷却， 二次冷却速度快， 冷却均匀， 产品性能高， 一致性好。 避免现有真空感应加热速凝炉生产的合金 薄片搅拌不均匀、 冷却慢和薄片粘连的问题， 避免了物流存在的薄片被氧化的 问题， 在节能的前提下大大提高生产能力和产品的一致性， 同时提高设备使用 寿命， 缩短了设备维护保养时间。
附图说明
图 1是发明的稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备结构示意图。
图 2 是图 1中的室壳体内部结构示意图。
图 3 是图 2中的收料罐结构示意图。
图 4是图 3的 A-A剖视图。
图中： 1、 1ft室门； 2、 感应炉； 3、 支撑框架； 4、 2ft室门； 5、 室壳体； 6、 真空系统； 7、 维修门； 8、 控制柜； 9、 中频感应电源； 10、 钢制框架； 11、 倾 动机构； 12、 1ft观察窗； 13、 感应线圈； 14、 坩埚； 15、 耐热砖及镁砂； 16、 2ft观察窗； 17、 中间包； 18、 急冷铜辊； 19、 粉碎辊； 20、 3ft观察窗； 21、 导 料筒； 22、 真空隔离阀门； 23、 收料罐； 24、 转轴； 25、 导流嘴； 26、 手动蝶 阀； 27、 水冷夹套； 28、 翅片； 29、 车轮； 30、 水冷芯管； 31、 充气管路， 32、 进水口， 33、 出水口， 34、 卷扬机， 35、 隔板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例： 如图 1所示， 本发明包括具有可交替工作的双室门 （分别为 lft室 门 1和 2ft室门 4 ) 的真空感应熔炼速凝室、 收料罐 23和真空隔离阀门 22， 所述 速凝室置于收料罐 23上方， 其导料筒 21出口与收料罐 23之间有真空隔离阀门 22相接， 真空感应熔炼速凝室还连接有真空系统 6 (现有结构）、 惰性气体导入 管路、 铠装测温热电偶、 真空规、 压力表和安全阀， 所述交替工作的双室门各 带有一个可倾动的感应炉 2。
所述速凝室是一个真空室， 一端为两个室门 1、 4交替工作， 中部为室壳体
5， 另一端设有维修门 7; 两室门均带有水冷夹层， 其室门内设有感应炉 2 ; 感 应炉 2包括坩埚 14、 钢制框架 10、 耐热砖及镁砂 15和铜制感应线圈 13， 坩埚 14外周依次为耐热砖及镁砂 15、铜制感应线圈 13和钢制框架 10， 坩埚 14侧面 用镁砂捣制， 坩埚 14通过钢制框架 10置于炉体底部， 坩埚出口为导流嘴 25 ; 感应炉 2与 1ft室门 1和 2ft室门 4上的支撑框架 3通过转轴 24相连， 感应炉 2 上有倾动机构 11， 所述倾动机构 11由钢丝滑轮组组成， 滑轮分别固定在室门和 感应炉钢制框架 10上， 钢丝缠绕在滑轮组上， 端部连接在炉内卷扬机 34上， 卷扬倾动。 倾动机构 11可以使感应炉 2绕支撑框架 3上的转轴 24旋转。 维修 门 7上的 3ft观察窗 20上设有摄像头， 实时观察坩埚 14和急冷铜辊 18状况， 室 壳体 5上有 lft、 2ft观察窗 12、 16、 安全阀和测温热电偶， 所述测温热电偶为移 动式铠装热电偶， 测温时， 热电偶可以探到钢水中， 不用时， 远离坩埚 14。 感 应线圈 13通过中频感应电源 9连接控制柜 8。
如图 2所示， 所述速凝室壳体内部还设有中间包 17、 急冷铜辊 18和导料 筒 21， 中间包 17置于坩埚导流嘴 25和急冷铜辊 18之间， 中间包 17由钢制的 框架和耐火材料组成， 在中间包 17底部设有喷嘴， 喷嘴与急冷铜辊 18的间隙 采用直线导轨可手动三维调节机构， 所述三维调节机构为现有结构， 是在三轴 方向上分别设置相互配合的直线滑轨组件， 中间包固定在三轴中一轴的台板上， 该台板沿 X轴、 Y轴和 Z轴方向移动。急冷铜辊 18置于室壳体 5内中间包 17的 下方， 导料筒 21在急冷铜辊 18的下方， 导料筒 21下方设有真空隔离阀门 22， 对接收料罐 23。 所述导料筒 21外壁上盘有水冷管， 导料筒 21 内设有粉碎辊 19。
如图 3、 图 4所示， 所述收料罐 23是带有水冷夹套 27的环形罐体， 中部 有与水冷夹套 27相通的水冷芯管 30， 罐体上开有与水冷夹套 27相通的进、 出 水口 32、 33， 罐腔体内水冷芯管 30与罐体内壁间设置有多个带翅片 28的隔板 35， 罐体外底部设有在预埋的轨道上往复行走的车轮 29; 在收料罐 23收料口端 设置有手动蝶阀 26， 罐体侧壁上连接有充气管路 31。
本发明还可以设有一个外部附属的水冷槽， 用于收料罐 23吊装入水槽中， 罐体与水直接接触冷却。
本发明在工作时， 在真空和 /或保护气氛下， 用设在真空室外的中频感应电 源 9给感应线圈 13通电， 开始对坩埚 14内的炉料加热， 待炉料熔化并达到充 分合金化后， 通过炉体倾动机构 1 1， 熔融的合金沿着坩埚 14的导流嘴 25流出， 浇铸到下方的中间包 17内。 中间包 17在和急冷铜辊 18接触的地方设有喷嘴， 中间包内的熔融的合金通过喷嘴喷铸到旋转的急冷铜辊 18的外表面上， 熔融合 金在急冷铜辊 18表面上冷却， 形成合金薄片。 薄片随着急冷铜辊 18的旋转掉 到下方的导料筒 21内。导料筒 21内设有粉碎辊 19， 合金薄片通过粉碎辊 19后 被打碎成小碎片掉到导料筒 21下方真空隔离阀门 22下方的收料罐 23内。 浇铸 完成后， 关闭真空隔离阀门 22， 装有碎片的收料罐 23移动到一端， 另一个收料 罐 23与真空隔离阀门 22对接。 至此， 完成一炉产品生产。 收料罐 23带有水冷 夹套 27， 罐腔体中部水冷芯管 30与水冷夹套 27连通， 罐腔体内有隔板 35。 当 真空室压力与大气平衡后， 打开 lft室门 1， 关闭 2ft室门 4， 通过真空系统 6 (现 有结构） 抽真空， 充氮气， 真空室内感应炉加热， 开始下一炉工作。
本发明的使用过程：
在大气压力下， 将已经按材料成分和重量百分比配料后的 R-Fe-B-M ( R为 Nd、 Pr、 Dy、 Tb稀土类元素的一种或两种以上， M为 Co、 Al、 Cu、 Zr、 Ga中的 一种或两种以上） 原料， 装入真空感应熔炼速凝设备的 1ft室门 1和 2ft室门 4中 的坩埚 14内。 手动关闭 1ft室门 1或 2ft室门 4， 关闭维修门 7和真空隔离阀门 22， 通过罗茨泵和双机并联滑阀泵机组的真空系统 6降压到规定压力（例如 5Pa 以下）， 打开保护气体导入阀充入炉内保护气体， 在真空和保护气氛下， 启动中 频感应电源 9， 利用感应加热将原料熔炼成熔融合金。
经充分合金化后 （例如精炼 30分钟）， 在设定的温度下 （例如 1460°C )， 通过坩埚倾动机构 11， 熔融的合金沿着坩埚 14的导流嘴 25流出， 浇铸到下方 的中间包 17内。 通过中间包 17上的喷嘴将合金液体喷铸到旋转的急冷铜辊 18 的外表面上冷却。 旋转急冷铜辊 18的转速可根据工艺要求设定。 经过旋转急冷铜辊 18冷却的合金薄片， 通过导料筒 21掉入位于下方的水 冷收料罐 23内， 导料筒 21上设有粉碎辊 19， 在导料筒 21壁上绕有水冷管。 导 料筒 21下方是真空隔离阀门 22。
收料罐 23带有水冷夹套 27， 罐腔体内中部有水冷芯管 30与水冷夹套 27 相通， 罐腔体中部有水冷芯管 30与水冷夹套 27内壁间有隔板 35， 提高冷却效 率， 防止合金碎片顺时集积而粘连。
本专业的普通技术人员应能了解本发明的实质， 并认识到本发明的具体实 施细节可以在权利要求保护范围内做出各种变化。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备， 其特征在于： 包括具有可 交替工作的双室门的真空感应熔炼速凝室、 收料罐和真空隔离阀门， 所述真 空感应熔炼速凝室置于收料罐上方，其导料筒出口与收料罐之间有真空隔离 阀门相接， 真空感应熔炼速凝室还连接有真空系统、 惰性气体导入管路、 测 温热电偶、 压力表、 真空规和安全阀， 所述交替工作的双室门， 每个室门带 有一个可倾动的感应炉。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备，其特征 在于：所述的双室门带有水冷夹层，双室门内各悬挂有带倾动机构的感应炉， 感应炉包括坩埚、钢制框架、耐热砖和铜制感应线圈，坩埚置于感应炉内部， 坩埚出口为导流嘴， 坩埚外周依次为耐火砖、 铜制感应线圈和钢制框架， 感 应炉的钢制框架与室门的支撑框架通过转轴联接，所述倾动机构分别连接在 室门和感应炉框架上。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备，其特征 在于： 所述速凝室壳体内部还有中间包、 急冷铜辊和导料筒， 中间包置于坩 埚导流嘴和急冷铜辊之间， 中间包上连接有三维调节机构， 调节中间包的喷 嘴和急冷铜辊的间隙， 急冷铜辊置于室壳体内中间包的下方， 导料筒在急冷 铜辊的下方， 导料筒下方设有真空隔离阀门， 对接收料罐。
4.根据权利要求 3所述的稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备，其特征 在于： 所述导料筒外壁上盘有水冷管， 导料筒内设有粉碎辊。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备， 其特 征在于： 所述速凝室壳体还设有维修门， 维修门上的 3ft观察窗设有摄像头， 室壳体顶板上分设有 lft、 2ft观察窗、 安全阀和测温热电偶。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的稀土永磁合金粉真空感应熔炼速凝设备，其特 征在于： 所述收料罐是带有水冷夹套的环形罐体， 其中部设有与水冷夹套连 通的水冷芯管， 罐腔体内水冷芯管与罐体内壁间设置有多个带翅片的隔板， 罐体外底部有在预埋的轨道上往复行走的车轮。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的稀土永磁合金粉真空感应熔炼速凝设备， 其 特征在于： 所述收料罐体侧壁上连接有连通内腔的充气管路。
8.根据权利要求 6所述的稀土永磁合金粉真空感应熔炼速凝设备，其特 征在于： 在所述收料罐收料口端设置有手动蝶阀。
9.根据权利要求 1所述的稀土永磁合金粉真空感应熔炼速凝设备，其特 征在于： 还设有用于冷却出料罐的水冷槽。
PCT/CN2013/086637 2012-11-08 2013-11-06 稀土永磁合金真空感应熔炼速凝设备 WO2014071846A1 (zh)

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