WO2014071683A1 - 一种双轴跟踪支架 - Google Patents

一种双轴跟踪支架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014071683A1
WO2014071683A1 PCT/CN2013/000695 CN2013000695W WO2014071683A1 WO 2014071683 A1 WO2014071683 A1 WO 2014071683A1 CN 2013000695 W CN2013000695 W CN 2013000695W WO 2014071683 A1 WO2014071683 A1 WO 2014071683A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bracket
angle
elevation
driving component
transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/000695
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘建中
Original Assignee
Liu Jianzhong
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liu Jianzhong filed Critical Liu Jianzhong
Publication of WO2014071683A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014071683A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F24S30/455—Horizontal primary axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/131—Transmissions in the form of articulated bars
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of solar energy utilization equipment, and more particularly to a bracket apparatus capable of biaxially tracking sunlight.
  • a bracket for supporting a solar battery module is generally classified into a fixed bracket and a tracking bracket, wherein the tracking bracket is further divided into a horizontal single-axis tracking bracket, an oblique single-axis tracking bracket, and a dual-axis tracking bracket.
  • the solar cell module of ordinary crystalline silicon material adopts the dual-axis tracking technology, and its power generation capacity is higher than that of the fixed installation of solar cell modules.
  • the existing solar dual-axis tracking technology is mostly costly due to complicated structure, etc.
  • the tracking itself consumes electric energy.
  • the shadow obstruction surface is large, the land occupied by the tracking is also more than that during the fixed installation.
  • the maintenance and repair of the equipment requires additional technicians, and the operation risk of the device is greater than that of the fixed installation.
  • the manufacturers of each tracking bracket have made the two-axis tracking device more and more large, which has caused a series of problems such as increased wind resistance, increased difficulty in installation and maintenance, and increased requirements on roads and foundations.
  • the attractiveness of the effects of the two-axis tracking technology is greatly reduced, which seriously hinders the commercial development of tracking technology.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bracket capable of tracking sunlight in two axes, and has the characteristics of firm structure, low cost, low power consumption, stable operation, easy installation, transportation and daily maintenance.
  • the dual-axis tracking bracket includes a bracket carrying a solar module, a column, a central pivoting shaft, a corner adjusting device and an elevation adjusting device; the bracket passes through the central pivot axis and
  • the column pivoting shaft is a cross-shaped pivoting shaft composed of a corner pivoting shaft and an elevation pivoting shaft, and the corner pivoting shaft is hingedly connected with the bracket so that the bracket can be along Rotating in a corner direction, the elevation pivot shaft is hingedly connected to the column to enable the bracket to rotate in an elevation direction;
  • the corner adjusting device includes a first transmission member coupled to the bracket and a first driving member mounted on the corner pivot shaft and coupled to the first transmission member, the first transmission member.
  • the first driving component and the bracket together form a quadrilateral linkage mechanism;
  • the first driving component is a power source, and the corner angle of the bracket is adjusted by changing the shape of the linkage mechanism;
  • the elevation adjusting device is coupled between the upright and the corner pivoting shaft or between the pillar and the bracket or between the pillar and the body of the first driving member to adjust an elevation angle of the bracket.
  • the first form of the corner adjusting device is that the first transmission component is a first two links composed of two hinged bars, one end of the first two links is hinged on the bracket, and the other end Fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first driving component; the two rods of the first two links, the bracket and the body of the first driving component together form a parallelogram linkage mechanism, and the linkage mechanism is in the The shape of the first driving member is changed to drive, and the carriage is rotated in the corner direction.
  • the first transmission member is composed of the first force arm and the first and second transmission ropes, and the middle of the first force arm is fixedly connected to the output of the first driving member.
  • the two ends of the first force arm are respectively connected to the bracket by the first and second transmission ropes of equal length, and the first driving component drives the first force arm through the first and second transmission ropes The carriage is rotated in the corner direction.
  • the first drive member is a motor drive having a reverse lock function and a deceleration function.
  • the device includes at least one of a concrete motor and a worm gear, a servo motor and a gear reduction, and one of three specific implementation forms of the motor and the planetary reducer.
  • the elevation adjusting device includes a second transmission member coupled to the corner pivot shaft or the bracket or the body of the first driving member, and the second mounting member mounted on the post and the second The transmission member is coupled to the second driving member that cooperates to adjust the elevation angle of the bracket.
  • the second transmission member is a second two-link composed of two hinged rods, one end of the second two links is hinged on the corner pivot shaft, and the other end Fixedly connected with the output shaft of the second driving component; two rods of the second two links, a corner pivoting shaft and a column mounted with the second driving component together form a parallelogram linkage mechanism, the linkage Institution The second driving member is driven to change shape, and the carriage is rotated in an elevation direction.
  • the second transmission member is a second two-link composed of two hinged rods, one end of which is hinged to the bracket and the other end Fixedly connected with the output shaft of the second driving component; the two rods of the second two links, the bracket and the column on which the second driving component is mounted, together form a parallelogram linkage mechanism, the linkage mechanism is in the The shape of the second driving member is changed under driving to drive the bracket to rotate in the elevation direction.
  • the second transmission member is composed of a second force arm and an equal length third and fourth transmission ropes, and the second force arm is fixedly connected to the second in the middle.
  • the second force arm On the output shaft of the driving member, one end of the second force arm is connected to the corner pivot shaft through a third transmission rope, and the other end is connected to the corner pivot shaft or the bracket through a fourth transmission rope.
  • the second driving member is a motor driving device having a reverse locking function and a deceleration function, similar to the first driving member.
  • the elevation adjusting device is an elevation adjusting rod provided with an angle locking hole or an angle locking groove, and the elevation adjusting rod is connected to the corner pivot shaft at least one end or
  • the bracket is fixed on the body of the first driving component; the positioning structure is fixedly disposed on the column, and the angle positioning hole or the angle positioning groove on the elevation adjusting rod is engaged with the positioning structure by a positioning pin.
  • the elevation adjusting device is an electric linear push rod or a hydraulic linear push rod, one end of which is hinged on the column, and the other end is hinged on the corner pivoting shaft or the bracket or the first driving part On the body.
  • the column is fixedly mounted on the ground base.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: According to the central pivot axis of the cross, a spherical coordinate system is established, and the first and second driving components are used to realize the timely change of the coordinate points under the control of the controller set according to the astronomical constant.
  • the connecting rod and the push rod mechanism have large span, good mechanical properties, firm structure, and flexible combination, which is easy to achieve large-scale production.
  • the control program is simple. According to the change of the coordinate points, the open-loop clock control can be fully realized, and the operation is more stable.
  • Figure 1 is a structural view of the first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of several forms of a cross-center pivoting shaft
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a four-link mechanism (parallelogram 2);
  • Figure 4 is a structural view of the second embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a structural view of the third embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a structural view of the fourth embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 5.
  • Figure 8 is a structural view of Embodiment 6;
  • Figure 9 is a structural view of the seventh embodiment
  • Figure 10 is a structural view of the eighth embodiment
  • the two-axis tracking bracket includes a bracket 1, a column 2, a central pivot shaft 3, a corner adjusting device, and an elevation adjusting device.
  • the direction parallel to the plane of the carriage 1 and along the sun's day running track is first defined as the Y direction (rotation angle)
  • the direction parallel to the plane of the carriage 1 and along the solar year running track is defined as the Z direction
  • the elevation angle is perpendicular to the YZ plane and the direction toward the back surface of the cradle 1 is the X direction.
  • the bracket 1 may be a welded or bolted frame structure for securing a solar module.
  • the above frame structure is not limited thereto, and may be made of any other suitable material, such as an aluminum alloy profile.
  • the column 2 is a welded H-shaped steel structure, and the lower end of the column 2 is fixed to the ground base by fastening means such as fastening bolts.
  • the structure of the column 2 is not limited thereto, and any suitable shape may be adopted, such as a single column, a tripod shape, a four-column shape, etc., and the constituent material is not limited to a steel material, but may be any other suitable material.
  • aluminum alloy Referring to Figure 1, the upper end of the column 2 is connected to the bracket 1 by a pivot-shaped center pivot shaft 3.
  • the central pivot shaft 3 includes a vertically intersecting corner pivot shaft 31 and an elevation pivot shaft 32, and the two shafts are formed in a cross shape.
  • the two axes exist in various forms. According to whether the two axes are on the same plane, it can be divided into two basic forms: the cross pivot axis (the two axes are not on the same plane, D) and the intersecting pivot axis (the two axes are on the same plane, C).
  • the functions of the bracket 1 rotating around the corner pivot shaft 31 and the elevation pivot shaft 32 respectively can be realized, i, and the uranium angle in the uranium is pulled by the uranium ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 elevation angle ⁇ uranium- ⁇ Occupy ( ⁇ 5
  • the projection intersection is set to coincide with the center of gravity of the cradle 1 for the purpose of properly distributing the gravity of the solar module and the cradle 1, and is the main point of force.
  • the corner adjusting device comprises: a first transmission component, which is a two-link composed of two hinged bars, which is referred to as a first two links 41, one end of the first two links 41 It is hinged on the bracket 1 and the other end is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first driving part 51.
  • the first driving part 51 is a motor driving device with a reverse locking function and a deceleration function, at least including a common motor and a worm gear.
  • One of the three specific implementation forms, such as the cooperation of the servo motor and the gear reduction, and the cooperation of the motor and the planetary reducer, is the common knowledge of mechanical design.
  • the drive means is preferably a DC motor and a worm gear.
  • the two rods of the first two links 41, the bracket 1 and the body of the first driving member 51 together constitute a parallelogram linkage mechanism, and the linkage mechanism is changed by the driving of the first driving member 51.
  • the shape drives the carriage 1 to rotate in the corner direction.
  • the four axes of the linkage mechanism are: the pivot pivot shaft 31 and the hinge point axis B1 of the bracket 1, the output shaft center B2 of the first driving member 51, and the axis B3 hinged by the first two links 41,
  • the first two links 41 and the hinge point axis B4 of the bracket 1 and the four pivot points together form a parallelogram (this is referred to as a parallelogram 1), as shown in FIG. 3; then, the output of the first driving member 51
  • the first two links 41 drive the bracket 1 to rotate at the same angle to achieve the purpose of adjusting the corner.
  • the elevation adjusting device comprises: a second transmission component, which is a two-link composed of two hinged bars, which is referred to as a second two-link 42, one end of which is hinged on the corner pivot shaft 31, and the other end is
  • the output shaft of the second drive member 52 is fixedly coupled.
  • the second driving member 52 is also a motor driving device having a reverse locking function and a deceleration function, including at least a cooperation of a common motor and a worm, a cooperation of a servo motor and a gear reduction, and a cooperation of a motor and a planetary reducer.
  • the casing is fixedly mounted on the column 2
  • the driving device is preferably a DC motor and a worm gear.
  • the second two-link 42, the corner pivot shaft 31 and the column 2 on which the second driving member is mounted together form a parallelogram linkage mechanism, and the linkage mechanism changes shape under the driving of the second driving member 52, and drives the bracket 1 Rotate in the elevation direction.
  • the four axes of the above linkage mechanism are: the pivot axis 32 of the elevation angle and the hinge axis A1 of the column 2,
  • the output shaft A2 of the second driving member 52, the second two links 42 hinge point axis A3, the second two links 42 and the hinge point axis A4 of the corner pivot shaft 31, the four pivot points together form a parallel
  • the quadrilateral this is referred to as a parallelogram 2
  • the output shaft of the second driving member 52 is rotated by a certain angle, and the second two-link 42 is used to drive the bracket 1 to rotate at the same angle to achieve the purpose of adjusting the elevation angle.
  • the legs of the H-shaped uprights 2 are mounted in the Y direction (consistent with the direction of the geographic weft), and the center of the cross-shaped pivot axis 3 is
  • the corner pivot axis 31 is consistent with the Z direction (geographic warp direction)
  • the elevation pivot axis 32 is in the Y direction (the direction of the geographic weft)
  • the plane of the parallelogram 2 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane
  • the plane of the parallelogram 1 is the same as the bracket 1
  • the plane is perpendicular and perpendicular to the plane in which the parallelogram 2 lies. This establishes an accurate spherical coordinate system and establishes a reference point for accurate clock control.
  • a controller for controlling the operation of the first driving member 51 and the second driving member 52 is mounted in the body of the driving member or the column 2, and the program can be set according to the astronomical constant, and the two driving members cooperate to adjust the solar energy on the tracking bracket.
  • the two-axis tracking bracket runs from the horizontal nighttime protection state to the initial tracking state, facing the reasonably set tracking orientation; starting from the morning sun reaching the programmed tracking angle
  • the program controller controls the first driving unit 51 to rotate by a predetermined angle every predetermined time, and further drives the bracket 1 to rotate by a predetermined angle in a direction of the corner (Y) by the first two links 41 until the pre-sunset program setting.
  • the program controller controls the second driving unit 52 to rotate by a predetermined angle every predetermined time, and then drives the bracket 1 through the second two-link 42 according to the program setting, and rotates in the elevation angle (Z) direction every predetermined time.
  • the second driving component 52 reverses the predetermined angle every predetermined time under the control of the program, until the stop tracking angle set in the afternoon, so that several passes Corresponding points, copying the running track of the sun in a timely manner, achieving accurate sunlight Tracking to ensure that the solar modules always maintain the vertical state and sunlight.
  • the program controls the sun tracking bracket to return to the horizontal position and enter the night protection state.
  • the program control bracket 1 is placed horizontally to avoid the wind state; when snowfall, the program control bracket 1 is placed vertically to avoid the snow.
  • This operation mode has the advantages of accurate tracking and minimizing the refraction loss of light. It is especially suitable for concentrating solar power generation devices with high tracking accuracy, ensuring accurate tracking of sunlight.
  • the disadvantage is that both drive components must work in a timely manner, the cost is high, and the risk of motor damage is high.
  • the first transmission component of the corner adjusting device of the tracking bracket is composed of a first force arm 71 and an equal length of the first transmission rope 711 and the second transmission rope 712.
  • the first transmission arm 711 has one end connected to the bracket 1 and the other end connected to the end of the first force arm 71.
  • the middle of the first force arm 71 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first driving member 51.
  • One end of the second transmission rope 712 is connected to the bracket 1 and the other end is connected to the other end of the first force arm 71, and is tightened; as shown in FIG.
  • the first force arm 71 and the bracket 1 are
  • the first drive line 711 and the second drive line 712 together form a parallelogram linkage mechanism that is moved by the first drive member 51.
  • the first driving member 51 is fixedly mounted on the corner pivot shaft 31 of the cross-shaped central pivot shaft 3, and is a set of motor driving devices having a reverse locking function and a deceleration function, wherein at least the cooperation of the ordinary motor and the worm gear, the servo motor is included.
  • the linkage mechanism includes six shaft centers, respectively: a corner pivot shaft 31 with the hinge point axis B11 of the bracket 1, the output shaft center B12 of the first driving member 51, the connection point B13 of the first transmission line 711 with the end of the first force arm 71, the first transmission line 711 and the bracket
  • the above six hinge joints are in the same a parallelogram; then, the output member of the first driving member 51 is rotated by a certain angle to drive the first force arm 71 fixedly connected thereto to rotate by a certain angle, through the first transmission rope 711 or the second transmission rope of the same length 712, the carriage 1 is rotated by the same angle to achieve the purpose of
  • the elevation tracking member is the same as in the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the second transmission component of the elevation adjustment device of the tracking bracket is an elevation adjustment lever 61, and one end of the rotation pivot of the central pivot shaft 3 is fixedly connected at one end.
  • the other end of the rotating shaft 31 is fixedly connected to the body of the first driving component 51.
  • an array of positioning holes 62 is arranged according to the annual variation of the operating angle of the sun, and the upper and lower layers are fixed on the column 2
  • Two positioning plates with positioning holes are formed to form a positioning structure 64.
  • the elevation adjusting rod 61 passes through the middle thereof, and a T-shaped positioning pin 63 passes through the holes of the positioning structure 64 and the elevation adjusting rod 61 from top to bottom.
  • the elevation adjustment lever 61 is locked to achieve the purpose of locking the bracket 1 in the elevation direction.
  • the corner tracking member is the same as the first or second embodiment.
  • This series of methods can achieve the purpose of automatically tracking the sunlight by the corner, and the adjustment of the elevation angle needs to be adjusted regularly by humans.
  • the operation of the first transmission member 51 is substantially the same as that of the first transmission member 51 in the first and second embodiments, and the elevation angle is adjusted manually by the number of fixed angles per day in the solar year.
  • This embodiment omits the second driving member 52 of the first and second embodiments, and is locked by the simple elevation adjusting lever 61, the positioning pin 63, and the positioning structure 64. Because the annual angle of the sun changes little, it is less than 0.25°, so it can be adjusted every 15-20 days. With the gravity balance design of the device itself, plus the leverage of the elevation adjustment lever 61, the manual adjustment is simple. Easy to work, the workload is minimal.
  • the advantages of this series of solutions are to reduce the cost and reduce the risk of tracking mechanical operation.
  • the driver only needs to control the rotation of the rotation angle to achieve the simplification.
  • the disadvantage is that the elevation angle needs to be adjusted manually, and there is a certain tracking error. (The annual average is less than 5%), the purpose of maximizing the use of solar energy cannot be achieved.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • both ends of the elevation adjusting lever 61 are fixedly coupled to the corner pivot shaft 31 of the center pivot shaft 3. , or one of the ends is fixed on the extension line of the corner pivot shaft 31.
  • the corner tracking member is the same as the first or second embodiment.
  • Embodiment 5 is the same as the first or second embodiment.
  • the difference from the fourth embodiment is that, as the second transmission member of the elevation adjusting device of the tracking bracket, one end of the elevation adjusting lever 61 is connected to the axis range of the corner pivot shaft 31 by a round pin or a spherical joint. The other end of the bracket 1 is fixed to the corner pivot shaft 31.
  • the other end of the elevation adjusting lever 61 can also be fixed to the casing of the first driving member 51, and the elevation adjusting lever 61 can be adjusted by the positioning structure 64 on the column 2 and the positioning pin 63. Locked, to achieve the purpose of manually adjusting the elevation angle, there is no substantial difference between the two methods.
  • the corner tracking member is the same as the first or second embodiment.
  • the second transmission component of the elevation adjusting device of the tracking bracket is composed of the second force arm 72 and the third transmission rope 721 of equal length
  • the fourth transmission The rope 722 is composed of one end of the third transmission rope 721 connected to the corner pivot shaft 31, and the other end is connected to one end of the second force arm 72; the middle of the second force arm 72 and the output shaft of the second driving member 52 Fixedly connected, one end of the fourth transmission rope 722 is also connected to the corner pivot shaft 31, and the other end is connected to the other end of the second force arm 72, and is tightened; as shown in FIG.
  • the second force arm 72 is The corner pivot shaft 31, the third transmission rope 721, and the fourth transmission rope 722 collectively constitute a parallelogram linkage mechanism, and the linkage mechanism is driven by the second driving member 52.
  • the second driving component 52 is fixedly mounted on the column 2, and is a motor driving device with a reverse locking function and a deceleration function, at least including the cooperation of the common motor and the worm, the cooperation of the servo motor and the gear reduction, and the motor and planetary deceleration.
  • the linkage mechanism includes six axial centers, respectively: an elevation pivot shaft 32 and the hinge point axis B21 of the column 2, the output axis B22 of the second driving member 52, the connection point B23 of the third transmission line 721 and the end of the second force arm 72, the third transmission line 721 and the corner pivot shaft 31 company a joint B24, a connection point B25 of the fourth transmission rope 722 and the end of the second force arm 72, a connection point B26 of the fourth transmission rope 722 and the corner pivot shaft 31; the above six hinge joints are in the same parallel
  • the output member of the second driving member 52 is rotated by a certain angle to drive the second force arm 72 fixedly connected thereto to rotate by a certain angle, through the third transmission rope 721 or the fourth transmission rope 722 of equal length.
  • the corner pivoting shaft 31 is rotated by the same angle, thereby driving
  • the corner tracking member is the same as the first or second embodiment.
  • the difference from the third embodiment is that the second transmission member and the second driving member of the tracking bracket are a set of linear push rods 82, one end of which is hinged on the column 2, and the other end is hinged to the cross.
  • the corner of the central pivoting shaft 3 pivots on the shaft 31.
  • the linear push rod 82 is telescoped by a motor drive screw, and the control carriage 1 is rotated by a corresponding angle about the elevation pivot shaft 32.
  • the accurate tracking mode of the elevation tracking member and the regular motion of the corner tracking member in Embodiment 1 can be adopted; however, due to the limitation of the linear push rod 82 itself, the angle of the bracket tracking is limited. It is also possible to adopt a method of adjusting the angle by the linear push rod 82 every other fixed number of days in accordance with the change of the height angle of the sun in one year.
  • the hydraulic linear push rod and the pneumatic linear push rod can replace the electric linear push rod equivalently.
  • the linear push rod 82 has one end hinged to the column 2 and the other end hinged to the bracket 1 located in the axis of the corner pivot shaft 31 or the casing of the first driving member 51. The same effect, no longer map here.
  • the central pivoting shaft 3, the bracket 1, the column 2, the corner adjusting device and the elevation adjusting device are basically the same in structure from the first embodiment, and different The difference is that the orientation at the time of installation is different, and the latitude and longitude are exchanged at the time of installation (note that the ⁇ , ⁇ direction in this embodiment is different from the first embodiment), BP: to be provided by the second transmission member 52 and the second driving member. Perform corner adjustment And the first transmission member and the first driving member 51 perform adjustment of the elevation angle; when installing, the legs of the H-shaped column 2 are to be installed in the z direction (geographic warp direction), and the center pivot axis 3 of the cross shape is secured.
  • the corner pivot axis 31 coincides with the Y direction (geographic weft direction), the elevation pivot axis 32 is aligned with the Z direction (the geographic warp direction); the plane of the parallelogram 2 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; the plane of the parallelogram 1 is the bracket 1 The plane in which it is located is perpendicular to the plane in which the parallelogram 2 is located.
  • This also creates an accurate spherical coordinate system that defines the reference point for accurate clock control.
  • the essence is the exchange of the mounting orientation.
  • the essential difference from the first embodiment is the difference in the mounting angle.
  • the sunlight tracking bracket runs from a horizontal nighttime protection state to an initial tracking state, facing a reasonably set tracking orientation; and the program controller controls the second driving component 52 every predetermined time.
  • the predetermined angle is rotated, and then the second transmission member 42 drives the carriage 1 to rotate by a predetermined angle every predetermined time in the elevation angle (Y) direction until the set time is stopped before sunset; meanwhile, the program controller controls the first driving unit 51.
  • the predetermined angle is rotated every predetermined time, and the solar battery module holder 1 is driven by the first transmission member 41 to be rotated by a predetermined angle in a predetermined angle (Z) direction until the noon time reaches the sun day.
  • the first driving unit 51 is rotated by a predetermined angle for a predetermined period of time under the control of the program, until the stop tracking angle is set in the afternoon, so that the sun is operated one day through several corresponding points.
  • the trajectory is reproduced, achieving an accurate and active response to the sun, ensuring the sun Always keep the battery pack vertical and sunlight.
  • the present invention can change the control box into a centralized control by the general control center to realize various control modes such as light-sensing tracking, wind-proof and snow-proof functions, and the device itself has good sand control. Anti-rust function.

Abstract

一种双轴跟踪支架，包括承载太阳能组件的托架（1）、立柱（2）、中心枢转轴（3）、转角调整装置和仰角调整装置。其中，托架（1）通过中心枢转轴（3）与立柱（2）连接；中心枢转轴（3）的转角枢转轴（31）与托架（1）铰接连接，以使托架（1）可以沿转角方向转动；中心枢转轴（3）的仰角枢转轴（32）与立柱（2）铰接连接，以使托架（1）可以沿仰角方向转动。转角调整装置包括连接在托架（1）上的第一传动部件和安装在转角枢转轴（31）上的与第一传动部件配合的第一驱动部件（51）；仰角调整装置包括连接在仰角枢转轴（32）上或托架（1）上的第二传动部件和安装在立柱（2）上的与第二传动部件配合的第二驱动部件（52）。所述跟踪支架具有结构牢靠、运行稳定、便于安装、运输及日常维护的特点。

Description

一种双轴跟踪支架 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能利用设备技术领域，具体地说是一种可以双轴跟踪太阳光 的支架装置。
背景技术
在光伏发电系统中，用于支撑太阳能电池组件的支架一般分为固定式支架和 跟踪式支架， 其中， 跟踪式支架又分为水平单轴跟踪支架、斜单轴跟踪支架和双 轴跟踪支架。 据研究， 普通晶硅材料的太阳能电池组件， 采用双轴跟踪技术后， 其发电量比固定安装的太阳能电池组件， 因不同地区光照条件不同， 可以提高
30% 50%以上。但是现有的太阳光双轴跟踪技术， 大都因为结构复杂等原因导 致成本偏高， 在光伏发电系统成本构成中， 甚至超过电站总投资的 40% ; 相对 于 30%--50%的发电量提高， 跟踪已经失去了商业价值。 况且跟踪本身还要消耗 电能， 由于阴影遮挡面大， 跟踪占用的土地也比固定安装时多， 设备的养护、维 修又需要额外增加技术人员， 装置运行风险也大于固定安装等等； 同时， 为了降 低跟踪成本， 目前各跟踪支架的生产厂家将双轴跟踪装置单体造的越来越大，这 又产生了风阻加大、 安装维护难度增加、 对道路和地基要求提高等一系列问题， 使得双轴跟踪技术产生的效果的吸引力大大降低，严重阻碍了跟踪技术的商业化 发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可以双轴跟踪太阳光的支架， 同时具有结构牢靠、 低成本、 低功耗、 运行稳定、 便于安装、 运输及日常维护的特点。
本发明解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是： 该双轴跟踪支架， 包括承载 太阳能组件的托架、立柱、 中心枢转轴、转角调整装置和仰角调整装置； 所述托 架通过中心枢转轴与所述立柱连接，所述中心枢转轴是由转角枢转轴和仰角枢转 轴组成的十字状枢转轴，所述转角枢转轴与托架铰接连接， 以使所述托架可以沿 转角方向转动，所述仰角枢转轴与立柱铰接连接， 以使所述托架可以沿仰角方向 转动；
所述转角调整装置包括连接在所述托架上的第一传动部件和安装在所述转 角枢转轴上的且与所述第一传动部件连接配合的第一驱动部件，所述第一传动部 件、第一驱动部件与托架共同形成一个四边形的联动机构；第一驱动部件为动力 源， 通过改变所述联动机构的形状， 调整所述托架的转角角度；
所述仰角调整装置连接在所述立柱和所述转角枢转轴之间或立柱和所述托 架之间或立柱和所述第一驱动部件的机体之间， 调整所述托架的仰角角度。
所述转角调整装置的第一种形式为，其第一传动部件是由两个铰接的杆件组 成的第一二连杆，所述第一二连杆的一端铰接在托架上，另一端与所述第一驱动 部件的输出轴固定连接；所述第一二连杆的两条杆、托架以及第一驱动部件的机 体，共同组成一个平行四边形的联动机构，所述联动机构在所述第一驱动部件的 驱动下改变形状， 带动所述托架沿转角方向转动。
作为转角调整装置的另外一种变形， 其第一传动部件是由第一力臂杆和第 一、第二传动绳组成，所述第一力臂杆的中间固定连接在第一驱动部件的输出轴 上， 所述第一力臂杆的两端通过等长的第一、 第二传动绳分别与所述托架连接， 第一驱动部件驱动第一力臂杆通过第一、 第二传动绳带动托架沿转角方向旋转。
容易想到的，所述第一驱动部件是一具有逆向锁定功能和减速功能的电机驱 动装置。其中该装置至少包括普通电机和涡轮蜗杆的配合、伺服电机和齿轮减速 的配合， 以及电机和行星减速器的配合等三种具体实现形式之一。
所述仰角调整装置包括连接在所述转角枢转轴上或所述托架上或所述第一 驱动部件的机体上的第二传动部件，以及安装在所述立柱上的且与所述第二传动 部件连接配合的第二驱动部件， 二者配合调整所述托架的仰角角度。
作为仰角调整装置的一种形式，其第二传动部件是由两个铰接的杆件组成的 第二二连杆，所述第二二连杆的一端铰接在所述转角枢转轴上， 另一端与所述第 二驱动部件的输出轴固定连接；所述第二二连杆的两条杆、转角枢转轴以及安装 有第二驱动部件的立柱，共同组成一个平行四边形的联动机构，所述联动机构在 所述第二驱动部件的驱动下改变形状， 带动所述托架在仰角方向转动。
作为仰角调整装置的一种变形，所述第二传动部件是由两个铰接的杆件组成 的第二二连杆，所述第二二连杆的一端铰接在所述托架上，另一端与第二驱动部 件的输出轴固定连接；所述第二二连杆的两条杆、托架以及安装有第二驱动部件 的立柱，共同组成一个平行四边形的联动机构，所述联动机构在所述第二驱动部 件的驱动下改变形状， 带动所述托架在仰角方向转动。
作为仰角调整装置的另一种变形，所述第二传动部件是由第二力臂杆和等长 的第三、第四传动绳组成，所述第二力臂杆的中间固定连接在第二驱动部件的输 出轴上，所述第二力臂杆的一端通过第三传动绳与所述转角枢转轴连接，另一端 通过第四传动绳与所述转角枢转轴或所述托架连接。
进一步地，所述第二驱动部件是一具有逆向锁定功能和减速功能的电机驱动 装置， 与第一驱动部件类似。
作为仰角调整装置的一种重要变形，其仰角调整装置是一根设有角度锁定孔 或角度锁定槽的仰角调整杆，所述的仰角调整杆至少一端连接在所述转角枢转轴 上或所述托架上或所述第一驱动部件的机体上； 所述立柱上固定设置定位构造， 所述仰角调整杆上的角度定位孔或角度定位槽通过定位销与所述定位构造配合。
进一步地，所述仰角调整装置是一电动直线推杆或液压直线推杆，其一端铰 接在立柱上，另一端铰接在所述转角枢转轴上或所述托架上或所述第一驱动部件 的机体上。
在一种优选实施方式中， 所述立柱固定安装在地基座上。
本发明的有益效果是： 依托十字状的中心枢转轴， 建立了一个球形坐标系， 通过第一、第二驱动部件，在按照天文常数设置的控制器的控制下， 实现坐标点 的适时变化， 从而复制出太阳每天运行的不同轨迹， 完成对太阳光的准确跟踪； 结构简单，太阳能组件及托架的重量可以完全由十字状的中心枢转轴承担，减轻 了驱动部件的负担；而且在其主要技术方案中，充分利用了平行四边形状的联动 机构， 通过拉、驱动进行转角或仰角的调整， 安装精度要求低， 但是运行的精度 较高，能够满足精确跟踪太阳运行角度的目的，具有很髙的实用价值和市场推广 价值； 详细分析， 具有以下主要优势：
1 ) 结构简单， 杆状构件较多， 加工精度要求低， 生产成本低。
2)连杆及推杆机构跨度大， 力学性能好、 结构牢靠， 且组合方式灵活， 易 于实现规模化生产。
3 )通过连杆及推杆传递驱动动力， 有效地消除了太阳能组件在低角度时因 重心位移产生的巨大偏心距。
4)整体构造合理， 使跟踪对驱动动力的要求大大降低， 配合定时运行控制 程序以及利用蜗轮蜗杆的自锁特性， 大幅度减少了跟踪自身的运转能耗。
5)适用范围广， 水平角度>270°， 俯仰角度> 120°。
6)控制程序简单， 依据坐标点的变化， 可以完全实现开环的时钟控制， 运 行更稳定。
7)简单轻巧的杆件组合， 使得运输更方便， 更适合国际贸易中的集装箱运 输， 安装时也不需要大型施工机械， 更适用于屋顶、 山坡等复杂地形。
8) 不需要对场地进行平整， 对施工场地要求低。
附图说明
图 1 为实施例一的结构图；
图 2 为十字状中心枢转轴的几种形式示意图；
图 3 为四联动机构 （平行四边形 2) 的原理图;
图 4 为实施例二的结构图；
图 5 为实施例三的结构图；
图 6 为实施例四的结构图；
图 7 为实施例五的结构图；
图 8 为实施例六的结构图；
图 9 为实施例七的结构图；
图 10为实施例八的结构图；
图中： 1托架， 2立柱， 3十字状中心枢转轴， 31转角枢转轴， 32仰角枢转 轴， 41第一二连杆， 42第二二连杆， 51第一驱动部件， 52第二驱动部件， 61 仰角调整杆， 62定位孔， 63定位销， 64定位构造， 71第一力臂杆， 72第二 力臂杆， 711第一传动绳， 712第二传动绳， 721第三传动绳， 722第四传动绳， 82直线推杆。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例，并结合附图 1-10，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说 明。在说明书中， 相同或相似的附图标号指示相同或相似的部件。下述参照附图 对本发明实施方式进行说明， 旨在对本发明的总体发明构思进行解释，而不应当 理解为对本发明的一种限制。
实施例一
如图 1〜3所示， 该双轴跟踪支架， 包括托架 1、 立柱 2、 中心枢转轴 3、 转 角调整装置和仰角调整装置。为便于叙述，首先将与托架 1所在平面平行且沿太 阳日运行轨迹的方向定义为 Y方向 （转角）， 将与托架 1所在平面平行且沿太阳 年运行轨迹的方向定义为 Z方向 （仰角）， 则与 YZ平面垂直且朝向托架 1背面 的方向为 X方向。
参见图 1 ,在一种实施例中，托架 1可以为钢管焊接或螺栓连接的框架结构， 用于固定太阳能组件。显然， 上述框架结构并不仅限于此， 而可以由其他任何适 宜的材料制成， 如铝合金型材等。如图 1所示， 在一种实施例中， 立柱 2为焊接 而成的 H状的钢结构， 立柱 2下端通过紧固方式， 例如紧固螺栓固定到地基座 上。需要说明的是， 立柱 2的结构并不仅限于此， 可以采用任何适宜的形状， 例 如单立柱、三脚架形、 四立柱形等， 其构成材料不仅限于钢材料， 而可以是其 他任何适宜的材料， 例如铝合金等。 参见图 1， 立柱 2的上端通过十字状的中 心枢转轴 3连接托架 1。
如图 2所示，中心枢转轴 3包括垂直交叉的转角枢转轴 31和仰角枢转轴 32， 两轴成十字状。两轴的存在形式多样。根据两轴是否在同一平面上， 可以分为交 叉枢转轴（两轴心不在同一平面上， D)和相交枢转轴 （两轴心在同一平面上， C)两种基本形式。
上述几种情况都可以实现托架 1分别绕转角枢转轴 31和仰角枢转轴 32旋转 的功能 优诜 中 i、,、扳鲑铀 中的鲑角扳转铀 Ή ¾仰角 ^鲑铀 -\ 的 占 (Ί5 投影交点）设置成与托架 1的重心点相重合， 以达到合理分配太阳能组件和托架 1的重力的目的， 是主要受力点。
如图 1-3所示， 转角调整装置包括： 第一传动部件， 它是由两个铰接的杆件 组成的二连杆， 记做第一二连杆 41， 第一二连杆 41的一端铰接在托架 1上， 另 一端与第一驱动部件 51的输出轴固定连接，其中的第一驱动部件 51是一具有逆 向锁定功能和减速功能的电机驱动装置，其中至少包括普通电机和涡轮蜗杆的配 合、伺服电机和齿轮减速的配合， 以及电机和行星减速器的配合等三种具体实现 形式之一， 这是机械设计常识。它们都安装在机壳中， 机壳固定安装在转角枢转 轴 31上， 驱动装置优选直流电机和蜗轮蜗杆的配合。如图 3 所示， 由第一二连 杆 41的两条杆、托架 1和第一驱动部件 51的机体共同组成平行四边形的联动机 构， 该联动机构在第一驱动部件 51的驱动下改变形状， 带动托架 1沿转角方向 转动。
上述联动机构的四个轴心分别为:转角枢转轴 31与托架 1的铰接点轴心 Bl， 第一驱动部件 51的输出轴心 B2， 第一二连杆 41相铰接的轴心 B3， 第一二连杆 41与托架 1的铰接点轴心 B4, 四个轴心点共同组成一个平行四边形（此记作平 行四边形 1 )， 详见图 3; 那么， 第一驱动部件 51的输出轴旋转一定角度， 就通 过第一二连杆 41带动托架 1旋转相同角度， 达到调整转角的目的。
仰角调整装置包括： 第二传动部件， 它是由两个铰接的杆件组成的二连杆， 记做第二二连杆 42， 该二连杆一端铰接在转角枢转轴 31上， 另一端与第二驱动 部件 52的输出轴固定连接。 参见图 1， 第二驱动部件 52也是一具有逆向锁定功 能和减速功能的电机驱动装置，其中至少包括普通电机和涡轮蜗杆的配合、伺服 电机和齿轮减速的配合， 以及电机和行星减速器的配合等三种具体实现形式之 一，它们都安装在机壳中， 机壳固定安装在立柱 2上， 驱动装置优选直流电机和 蜗轮蜗杆的配合。 第二二连杆 42、 转角枢转轴 31和安装有第二驱动部件的立柱 2，就共同组成一个平行四边形的联动机构，该联动机构在第二驱动部件 52的驱 动下改变形状， 带动托架 1在仰角方向转动。
上述联动机构的四个轴心分别为： 仰角枢转轴 32与立柱 2的铰接轴心 A1， 第二驱动部件 52的输出轴心 A2， 第二二连杆 42铰接点轴心 A3, 第二二连杆 42与转角枢转轴 31的铰接点轴心 A4,四个轴心点共同组成一个平行四边形（此 记作平行四边形 2); 那么， 第二驱动部件 52的输出轴旋转一定角度， 就通过第 二二连杆 42带动托架 1旋转相同角度， 达到调整仰角的目的。
在一种优选实施方式中， 为保证跟踪准确， 简化控制程序， 安装时， H状的 立柱 2的两腿沿 Y方向 （与地理纬线方向一致）安装， 而且使十字状的中心枢 转轴 3的转角枢转轴 31与 Z方向 （地理经线方向） 一致， 仰角枢转轴 32与 Y 方向 （地理纬线方向一致）； 平行四边形 2所在的平面与水平面垂直； 平行四边 形 1所在的平面即与托架 1所在的平面垂直,又与平行四边形 2所在的平面垂直。 这样就建立好了一个准确的球面坐标系， 为实现精准的时钟控制确定了基准点。
控制第一驱动部件 51和第二驱动部件 52运转的控制器安装在任一驱动部件 的机体内或立柱 2上， 程序可以按照天文常数设定， 通过两驱动部件协同运转， 调整跟踪支架上的太阳能组件垂直对应在天球面坐标上的位置，复制出太阳的日 运行轨迹， 使设备具备双轴精确追踪太阳的功能； 控制器也可以采用跟光控制、 光控加时控或者中心集中控制。
具体为：早上太阳升起到设定高度时，该双轴跟踪支架从水平的夜间保护状 态运行至初始跟踪状态，正对合理设定的跟踪方位；从早上太阳达到程序设定的 跟踪角度开始， 程序控制器控制第一驱动部件 51每规定时间转动规定角度， 进 而通过第一二连杆 41带动托架 1在转角 （Y) 的方向上每规定时间转动规定角 度， 直至日落前程序设定时分停止； 同时， 程序控制器控制第二驱动部件 52每 规定时间转动规定角度， 进而通过第二二连杆 42带动托架 1按程序的设定， 在 仰角 （Z)方向每规定时间转动规定角度， 直至中午时分达到太阳当天最大高度 角的对应点后， 第二驱动部件 52在程序的控制下再反向每规定时间回转规定角 度， 直至下午设定的停止跟踪角度， 这样就通过若干个对应点， 将太阳一天的运 行轨迹适时复制出来，实现了对太阳光精准的主动跟踪，保证太阳能组件始终与 太阳光保持垂直状态。
日落后， 程序控制太阳光跟踪支架返回水平放置， 进入夜间保护状态。 当风力达到设定级别时， 程序控制托架 1水平放置， 为避风状态； 降雪时， 程序控制托架 1竖直放置， 为避雪状态。
此运转方式其优点是跟踪准确，最大限度地减少光的折射损耗，尤其适合于 对跟踪准确度要求较高的聚光式太阳能发电装置， 保证了对太阳光的准确跟踪。 缺点是两个驱动部件都必须适时工作， 成本高， 电机损坏风险大。
实施例二
如图 4所示， 与实施例一不同之处在于： 该跟踪支架的转角调整装置的第一 传动部件是由第一力臂杆 71和等长的第一传动绳 711、 第二传动绳 712组成， 第一传动绳 711的一端连接在托架 1上， 另一端与第一力臂杆 71的端部连接； 第一力臂杆 71 的中间与第一驱动部件 51 的输出轴固定连接， 第二传动绳 712 的一端连接在托架 1上，另一端与第一力臂杆 71的另一端部连接，涨紧；如图 4 所示， 由第一力臂杆 71、 托架 1、 第一传动绳 711和第二传动绳 712， 共同组成 一个平行四边形的联动机构， 该联动机构在所述第一驱动部件 51的驱动下进行 运动。 第一驱动部件 51固定安装在十字状的中心枢转轴 3的转角枢转轴 31上， 是一套具有逆向锁定功能和减速功能的电机驱动装置，其中至少包括普通电机和 涡轮蜗杆的配合、伺服电机和齿轮减速的配合， 以及电机和行星减速器的配合等 三种具体实现形式之一。
由于采用了软体的绳结构连接，第一传动绳 711和第二传动绳 712需互为逆 向牵制， 因此， 如图 4所示： 该联动机构包括了六个轴心， 分别为： 转角枢转轴 31与托架 1的铰接点轴心 Bll、 第一驱动部件 51的输出轴心 B12、 第一传动绳 711与第一力臂杆 71端部的连接点 B13、第一传动绳 711与托架 1的连接点 B14、 第二传动绳 712与第一力臂杆 71端部的连接点 B15、 第二传动绳 712与托架 1 的连接点 B16; 以上 6个铰（连）接点处在同一个平行四边形上； 那么， 第一驱 动部件 51的输出部件旋转一定角度，就驱动与其固定连接的第一力臂杆 71同样 旋转一定角度， 通过等长的第一传动绳 711或第二传动绳 712， 带动托架 1旋转 相同角度， 达到调整转角的目的。通过上述解析， 可以知道该软绳方案形成的复 合联动机构与实施例一中的联动机构实质上都是通过平行四边形形状的改变，达 到调整角度的目的。
仰角跟踪构件与实施例一相同。
实施例三：
如图 5所示，与实施例一或二的不同之处在于：该跟踪支架的仰角调整装置 的第二传动部件是一根仰角调整杆 61， 其一端固定连接在中心枢转轴 3的转角 枢转轴 31上， 另一端固定连接在第一驱动部件 51 的机体上， 在仰角调整杆 61 上， 按照太阳的年运行高度角变化规律， 设置定位孔 62阵列， 在立柱 2上， 上 下分层固定两块带有定位孔的定位板， 组成定位构造 64， 仰角调整杆 61从其中 间穿过，一 T状定位销 63自上至下从定位构造 64和仰角调整杆 61的孔中穿过， 将仰角调整杆 61锁住， 达到在仰角方向锁定托架 1的目的。
转角跟踪构件与实施例一或二相同。
该系列方式可以实现转角自动跟踪太阳光的目的，而仰角的调整需要借助人 工定期进行调整。 其中， 第一传动部件 51的运行和实施例一、 二中的第一传动 部件 51的运行大致相同， 而仰角则由人工按照太阳一年中的高度角变化每固定 天数加以调整。 该实施例将实施例一、 二中的第二驱动部件 52省略， 改用简单 的仰角调整杆 61、 定位销 63和定位结构 64锁定。 因太阳每天的年高度角变化 很小， 仅不到 0.25° ， 因此可以每隔 15-20天调整一次， 借助装置自身的重力平 衡设计， 再加仰角调整杆 61的杠杆作用， 人工调节工作简便易行， 工作量极小。
该系列方案的优点是减少了成本，降低了跟踪的机械运行风险，驱动程序也 仅仅需要控制转角规律旋转即可，做到了最简单化；缺点是需要人工定期调节仰 角，而且存在一定的跟踪误差（全年平均低于 5%)， 不能达到最大限度利用太阳 能的目的。
实施例四：
如图 6所示，与实施例三不同之处在于：作为该跟踪支架的仰角调整装置的 第二传动部件， 仰角调整杆 61的两端都固定连接在中心枢转轴 3的转角枢转轴 31上， 或者其中一端固定在转角枢转轴 31延长线上。
转角跟踪构件与实施例一或二相同。 实施例五：
如图 7所示，与实施例四不同之处在于：作为该跟踪支架的仰角调整装置的 第二传动部件， 仰角调整杆 61的一端通过圆销或球形铰接连接在转角枢转轴 31 的轴线范围内的托架 1上， 另一端固定在转角枢转轴 31上。
作为一种变形形式，仰角调整杆 61的另一端也可以固定在第一驱动部件 51 的机壳上， 通过在立柱 2上的定位构造 64及定位销 63 的配合， 都能将仰角调 整杆 61锁住， 达到人工调整仰角的目的， 两种方式无实质上的区别。
转角跟踪构件与实施例一或二相同。
容易想到的，仰角调整杆 61的仅仅一端固定连接在转角枢转轴 31上或托架 1上或第一驱动部件 51的机壳上，通过在立柱 2上的定位构造 64及定位销 63 的 配合， 皆可达到相同效果， 此处不再一一配图。
实施例六：
如图 8所示， 与以上各个实施例的不同之处在于： 该跟踪支架的仰角调整装 置的第二传动部件是由第二力臂杆 72和等长的第三传动绳 721、第四传动绳 722 组成， 第三传动绳 721的一端连接在转角枢转轴 31上， 另一端与第二力臂杆 72 的一端部连接；第二力臂杆 72的中间与第二驱动部件 52的输出轴固定连接，第 四传动绳 722的一端也连接在转角枢转轴 31上，另一端与第二力臂杆 72的另一 端部连接， 涨紧； 如图 8所示， 由第二力臂杆 72、 转角枢转轴 31、 第三传动绳 721和第四传动绳 722, 共同组成平行四边形的联动机构， 该联动机构在所述第 二驱动部件 52的驱动下进行运动。第二驱动部件 52固定安装在立柱 2上，是一 套具有逆向锁定功能和减速功能的电机驱动装置，其中至少包括普通电机和涡轮 蜗杆的配合、伺服电机和齿轮减速的配合以及电机和行星减速器的配合等三种具 体实现形式之一。
由于采用了软体的绳结构连接，第三传动绳 721和第四传动绳 722需互为逆 向牵制， 因此， 如图 8所示： 该联动机构包括了六个轴心， 分别为： 仰角枢转轴 32与立柱 2的铰接点轴心 B21、 第二驱动部件 52的输出轴心 B22、 第三传动绳 721与第二力臂杆 72端部的连接点 B23、 第三传动绳 721与转角枢转轴 31的连 接点 B24、第四传动绳 722与第二力臂杆 72端部的连接点 B25、第四传动绳 722 与转角枢转轴 31的连接点 B26; 以上 6个铰（连）接点处在同一个平行四边形 上； 那么， 第二驱动部件 52的输出部件旋转一定角度， 就驱动与其固定连接的 第二力臂杆 72 同样旋转一定角度， 通过等长的第三传动绳 721 或第四传动绳 722， 带动转角枢转轴 31旋转相同角度， 从而带动托架 1旋转， 达到调整仰角的 目的。
转角跟踪构件与实施例一或二相同。
容易想到的， 第四传动绳 722连接在位于转角枢转轴 31的轴线范围内的托 架 1上， 也可达到相同效果， 此处不再配图。
实施例七：
如图 9所示，与实施例三的不同之处在于：该跟踪支架的第二传动构件和第 二驱动部件是一套直线推杆 82, 其一端铰接在立柱 2上， 另一端铰接在十字状 的中心枢转轴 3的转角枢转轴 31上。该直线推杆 82由电机驱动螺杆伸缩，控制 托架 1绕仰角枢转轴 32旋转相应角度。
实际使用过程中，可以采用实施例一中仰角跟踪构件与转角跟踪构件规律运 动相配合的准确跟踪方式； 但由于直线推杆 82自身的局限性， 使得支架跟踪的 角度会受到一定限制。 也可以采用每隔固定天数由直线推杆 82按照太阳一年中 的高度角变化规律进行角度调节的办法。
同理， 液压直线推杆和气压直线推杆可对电动直线推杆进行等效替换。 容易想到的， 该直线推杆 82， 其一端铰接在立柱 2上， 另一端铰接在位于 转角枢转轴 31的轴线范围内的托架 1上或第一驱动部件 51 的机壳上， 也可达 到相同效果， 此处不再配图。
实施例八：
如图 10所示， 在实施例一、二、六或七中， 中心枢转轴 3、托架 1、立柱 2、 转角调整装置和仰角调整装置从结构方面来说与实施例一基本相同，不同之处在 于安装时的方位不同，安装时将经纬度进行调换（注意本实施例中的 Υ， Ζ方向， 与实施例一的区别）， BP:要由第二传动部件 52和第二驱动部件来执行转角的调 节， 而第一传动部件和第一驱动部件 51执行仰角的调节； 安装时， H状的立柱 2的两腿要沿 z方向 （地理经线方向） 安装， 而且要保证十字状的中心枢转轴 3 的转角枢转轴 31与 Y方向（地理纬线方向）一致，仰角枢转轴 32与 Z方向（地 理经线方向一致）； 平行四边形 2所在的平面与水平面垂直； 平行四边形 1所在 的平面即与托架 1所在的平面垂直，又与平行四边形 2所在的平面垂直。这样也 可以建立一个准确的球面坐标系，为实现精准的时钟控制确定了基准点。其实质 为安装方位的调换。 与实施例一的实质区别在于安装角度的不同。
具体为：早上太阳升起到一定高度时，该太阳光跟踪支架从水平的夜间保护 状态运行至初始跟踪状态，正对合理设定的跟踪方位；程序控制器控制第二驱动 部件 52每规定时间转动规定角度，进而通过第二传动部件 42带动托架 1在前述 的仰角（Y)方向上每规定时间转动规定角度，直至日落前设定时分停止； 同时， 程序控制器控制第一驱动部件 51每规定时间转动规定角度， 进而通过第一传动 部件 41带动太阳能电池组件固定架 1按程序的设定， 在前述的转角 （Z)方向 上，每规定时间转动规定角度，直至中午时分达到太阳当天最大高度角的对应点 后， 第一驱动部件 51在程序的控制下再反向每规定时间回转规定角度， 直至下 午设定的停止跟踪角度，这样就通过若干个对应点，将太阳一天的运行轨迹复制 出，实现了对太阳光精准的主动对应，保证太阳能电池组件始终与太阳光保持垂 直。
需要说明的是， 以上各实施例可以在不同环境条件下相互结合使用。
在大型光伏电站系统实施中， 本发明可将控制箱改为由总控制中心集中控 制， 以实现光感应跟踪， 抗风防雪功能等多种控制方式， 而装置自身设计即具有 良好的防沙、 防锈功能。
上面所述实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的 范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域相关技术人员对本发 明的各种变形和改进， 均应扩如本发明权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种双轴跟踪支架， 包括： 托架、 立柱、 中心枢转轴、 转角调整装置和 仰角调整装置；所述托架通过中心枢转轴与所述立柱连接，所述中心枢转轴是由 转角枢转轴和仰角枢转轴组成的十字状枢转轴， 所述转角枢转轴与托架铰接连 接， 以使所述托架可以沿转角方向转动， 所述仰角枢转轴与立柱铰接连接， 以使 所述托架可以沿仰角方向转动； 其特征在于：
所述转角调整装置包括连接在所述托架上的第一传动部件和安装在所述转 角枢转轴上的且与所述第一传动部件连接配合的第一驱动部件，所述第一传动部 件、第一驱动部件与托架共同形成一个四边形的联动机构，第一驱动部件为动力 源， 通过改变所述联动机构的形状， 调整所述托架的转角角度；
所述仰角调整装置连接在所述立柱和所述转角枢转轴之间或立柱和所述托 架之间或立柱和所述第一驱动部件的机体之间， 调整所述托架的仰角角度。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述第一传动部件 是由两个铰接的杆件组成的第一二连杆，所述第一二连杆的一端铰接在所述托架 上， 另一端与所述第一驱动部件的输出轴固定连接； 所述第一二连杆的两条杆、 托架以及第一驱动部件的机体，共同组成一个平行四边形的联动机构，所述联动 机构在所述第一驱动部件的驱动下改变形状， 带动所述托架沿转角方向转动。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述第一传动部件 是由第一力臂杆和第一、第二传动绳组成，所述第一力臂杆的中间固定连接在所 述第一驱动部件的输出轴上，所述第一力臂杆的两端通过等长的第一、第二传动 绳分别与所述托架连接，所述第一驱动部件驱动第一力臂杆通过第一、第二传动 绳带动所述托架沿转角方向转动。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述第一驱动 部件是一具有逆向锁定功能和减速功能的电机驱动装置。
5、根据权利要求 2或 3所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述仰角调整 装置包括连接在所述转角枢转轴上或所述托架上或所述第一驱动部件的机体上 的第二传动部件，以及安装在所述立柱上的且与所述第二传动部件连接配合的第 二驱动部件。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述第二传动部件 是由两个铰接的杆件组成的第二二连杆，所述第二二连杆的一端铰接在所述转角 枢转轴上，另一端与所述第二驱动部件的输出轴固定连接；所述第二二连杆的两 条杆、转角枢转轴以及安装有第二驱动部件的立柱，共同组成一个平行四边形的 联动机构，所述联动机构在所述第二驱动部件的驱动下改变形状，带动所述托架 在仰角方向转动。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述第二传动部件 是由两个铰接的杆件组成的第二二连杆，所述第二二连杆的一端铰接在所述托架 上， 另一端与第二驱动部件的输出轴固定连接； 所述第二二连杆的两条杆、托架 以及安装有第二驱动部件的立柱，共同组成一个平行四边形的联动机构，所述联 动机构在所述第二驱动部件的驱动下改变形状， 带动所述托架在仰角方向转动。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述第二传动部件 是由第二力臂杆和等长的第三、第四传动绳组成，所述第二力臂杆的中间固定连 接在第二驱动部件的输出轴上，所述第二力臂杆的一端通过第三传动绳与所述转 角枢转轴连接， 另一端通过第四传动绳与所述转角枢转轴或所述托架连接。
9、 根据权利要求 5所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述第二驱动部件 是一具有逆向锁定功能和减速功能的电机驱动装置。
10、根据权利要求 2或 3所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述仰角调整 装置是一根设有角度锁定孔或角度锁定槽的仰角调整杆，所述仰角调整杆至少一 端连接在所述转角枢转轴上或所述托架上或所述第一驱动部件的机体上；所述立 柱上固定设置定位构造，所述仰角调整杆上的角度定位孔或角度定位槽通过定位 销与所述定位构造配合。
11、根据权利要求 2或 3所述的双轴跟踪支架， 其特征在于： 所述仰角调整 装置是一电动直线推杆或液压直线推杆，其一端铰接在立柱上，另一端铰接在所 述转角枢转轴上或所述托架上或所述第一驱动部件的机体上。
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