WO2014067908A2

WO2014067908A2 - Device and method for obtaining at least one pure substance from biological waste or biomass

Info

Publication number: WO2014067908A2
Application number: PCT/EP2013/072534
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert Stöcklinger
Original assignee: Robert Stöcklinger
Priority date: 2012-11-02
Filing date: 2013-10-28
Publication date: 2014-05-08
Also published as: WO2014067908A3; CN104903015B; CN104903015A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device (100) for obtaining pure substances from aqueous starting materials (120) containing fat and/or protein. At least some elements (30, 40) of the device (100) for producing the pure substances (122) are accommodated in at least one transportable standard container (1100, 1300). The device (100) has a modular design and all elements are dimensioned in such a way that said elements can be transported by trucks.

Description

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING AT LEAST ONE PURE BIODEGRAPHIC ORGANIC Description

The present invention relates to a device for obtaining at least one pure substance from biological waste or biomass. This biological waste or biomass is referred to below as raw material.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for obtaining at least one pure substance from biological waste

Background of the invention

The Austrian Patent 69 106 describes a clarifier for wastewater treatment with and without fat recovery. The clarifier for wastewater treatment consists of concentric compartments with an underlying common sludge chamber. The Klärabteilungen form with the inner Klärabteilung a continuous orbital spiral, the spiral partition walls are provided in the sloping bottom with slots through which the sediment can slip into the central sludge space. The patent of the German Democratic Republic DD 250 629 A3 discloses a method for the purification and reuse of waste water from the meat industry. By means of a separator, the hot cooking broth from the cooking groups is separated into fat and hot boiling water. The boiling water is fed to a loop via an intermediate tank. The cooking kettle fat is sent to a transportable grease container for reprocessing and the hot boiler water is transferred to a container group for cleaning water, stored temporarily and a washing machine or supplied to various decreases for cleaning water. From the intermediate container optionally the unseparated cooking broth is conveyed into a container group for feed broth and processed as feed. Optionally, also undivided cooking broth is fed to a rotary tank and subjected to a pressure release. The resulting particulate matter as Fiotat be transported by Abräumer in a collection and the purified wastewater fed back to the pressure vessel.

German Utility Model DE 295 18 862 U1 describes a grease separator. The Fettabscheidevorrichtung serves to separate fat and sludge from wastewater. For this purpose, a first stage for separating the sludge and a second stage with a working according to the principle Aufschwimmprinzip fat separator for separating the grease are provided. The first stage has a fixed sludge screen suitable for sifting out the particulate matter forming the sludge. Wastewater is passed through the sludge screen. Furthermore, the sludge screen is provided with an automatic, continuously operating screw, which serves to discharge the sludge. The mud sieve surrounds the snail like a groove.

The German translation DE 696 24 271 P2 of the European patent application EP 0 956 269 B1 describes an oil / grease separator. The invention relates to a separator which is connected to sewage pipelines to separate oils and grease from sewage. The deposition takes place by means of gravity alone. The sewage pipelines, which contain the oil or fat in the wastewater, come from kitchens, cafes, restaurants, kiosks, the food industry, slaughterhouses, dairies and the processing industry.

British patent GB 1 16384 describes an apparatus and a method for recovering fats from slaughterhouse waste. The fat is in the Usually with a certain amount of water, which also carries a certain amount of sediment. For this purpose, a body is provided, which keeps the liquid relatively quiet in the upper area. In the lower part of the body there is a cross flow. The fat is separated in the quiet area by gravity from the remaining liquid. In the lower area of the remaining waste, or the sediment is transported away by the flow.

British Patent Application GB 310 542 discloses an apparatus and method for extraction of fat or other materials from carcasses or slaughterhouse waste. The offal or carcasses are predigested using steam or a solvent vapor. The device comprises a screw from which a mixture of the liquid and all solid components of the digestion process of the fat of the water and other solids is continuously removed. By means of a grid, the still pressurized mixture is separated into solid and liquid components.

US Pat. No. 4,163,009 discloses a process for separating animal raw material into fat and protein fractions. The material is finely divided and circulated in a circulation containing a heating zone in which the material is heated continuously to a temperature of about 45 ° C to 70 ° C. Subsequently, a flow of warm material from this cycle is rapidly brought to a higher temperature of about 85 ° C to 100 ° C. This rapidly heated material is immediately sent for centrifugal separation. The centrifugal separation can proceed in one or more steps, thus obtaining the two fractions of fat and protein. International Patent Application PCT / HU90 / 00063 (see also the patent DD 297 628 B5) discloses a method and a device for obtaining fatty and / or proteinaceous material from greasy, liquid Substance, in particular slaughterhouse sludge and / or slaughterhouse waste water. The liquid material is homogenized and heated to a temperature of 30 ° C to 60 ° C. The warmed liquid material floats under an overpressure of 2 to 4 bar and is heated by directly introducing steam to a temperature of 130 ° C to 151 ° C. The liquid is maintained under pressure and elevated temperature for a period of about 60 seconds. up to 300 sec. kept flowing. As a result, the liquid is reduced by reducing its pressure to about 0.01 to 0.02 bar for a period of 1 second. until 2 sec. adiabatically expanding. The expanded liquid is then separated into water, water and solid contaminant-containing fat, and into a moist, protein-containing solid phase.

The German patent DE 10 2006 003 328.0 B1 discloses a method for obtaining fuels based on vegetable and / or animal fat waste, which in addition to fats and / or oils contain free fatty acids. The free fatty acids contained in the fatty wastes are reacted at reaction temperatures above 220 ° C with at least one polyhydric alcohol in the absence of enzymatic and solid neutral catalysts. There is thus an esterification of the free fatty acids.

The German patent application DE 102 32 976 A1 relates to methods for processing Fettabscheideinhalten. The method comprises at least one work-up step with at least one multiphase decanter. The fat mixture has a water content between 0.1 and 5%.

The patent DD 220074 B1 discloses a device for emptying of separator systems, in particular of fats and settleable suspended solids. In the device proposed here, no extraction of oil or fat in a cleaning state, which is suitable for resale. The German patent DE 42 12 456 C2 discloses a method for recycling hydrous waste fats. This document is not slaughterhouse waste. Furthermore, the phase separation is supported with a flocculant. The German patent DE 196 20 695 C1 discloses a method and a device for the adsorptive purification of vegetable and / or mineral oils and fats in multi-stage countercurrent process. Unpurified oil is fed to a first stage where it is contacted with already used and partially loaded adsorbent and pre-cleaned. It is then fed to a first separation stage. After passing through this first separation stage, it is then contacted in a second stage with fresh adsorbent and then fed to a second separation stage. After this step, the cleaned and bleached oil or grease is sent for further processing. The components separated out of the oil in the second separation stage are used again as an already used and partially loaded adsorbent in the first process step. In the process, these constituents are obtained as pumpable sludge and / or treated and conveyed in the first stage to the crude oil under exclusion of air. Again, this is not about the extraction of fat from slaughterhouse waste. US patent application US 2010/0089835 A1 and German patent application DE 196 14 612 A1 relate to methods and / or devices for recovering grease and / or oil from waste. Again, this is not about the extraction of fat from slaughterhouse waste.

A process is disclosed in WO 2006 // 069803, with which it is possible to produce protein hydrolysates with defined molecular weight limits without pH-adjusting and without enzymatic process steps. The raw materials are separated in the aqueous medium by means of a system characteristic curve. controlled temperature and reaction time action and split under targeted pressure build-up in a reaction space. The suspension is separated after the cleavage process into a sediment containing the insoluble constituents of the starting material, and an aqueous supernatant in which the cleavage products of the raw materials are dissolved.

The invention has for its object to provide a means for recovering pure biological waste or biomass, which has a simple, modular and easy to transport structure.

The above object is achieved by a waste substance recovery device comprising the features of claim 1.

The invention has for its object to provide a process for the recovery of pure substances from biological waste or biomass, with a simple, cost-effective and energy-efficient recovery of the pure substances is made possible. This object is achieved by a method for obtaining pure substances from biological waste or biomass, comprising the features of claim 1 1.

In the device for obtaining at least one pure substance from biological waste or biomass at least a part of the elements of the device (100) for recovering the at least one pure substance is accommodated in at least one transportable standard container.

From each standard container, at least one line leads to a biogas plant. About this directly connected line, the biogas plant solids and / or solid-water mixtures are supplied. A delivery for the starting materials has at least one sand separator and a Störstoffabscheider. Again, the solids of the aqueous starting materials supplied via a line of the biogas plant.

A sewer line of the transportable standard container is connected to a sewage treatment plant. In the sewage treatment plant, the substances which can not be processed with the device according to the invention are processed in an anaerobic stage and in an aero-stage. The biogas produced from the anaerobic stage can be used to generate steam. The effluent from the aerobic stage passes to a pre-filter and can eventually be reused. The sewage sludge formed by the sewage treatment plant can be utilized as fertilizer.

The elements in at least one standard container are used for the recovery of pure substance from biological waste or biomass solid and / or aqueous starting materials. The elements in other possible standard containers are designed according to the type of substance to be obtained and designed according to their use.

The delivery comprises at least one raw material tank, which is connected upstream of the at least one standard container. When setting up the facility, the standard containers are set down on an appropriately prepared site. It is only necessary that the raw material tanks and the product storage tanks are connected to the standard container or the respective standard containers. All components of the device according to the invention are designed in such a dimension that they can be transported by conventional trucks.

The elements are formed in the respective standard containers according to the type of substance to be recovered. The pure substance may e.g. Fat or protein or cellulose or lignin or carbohydrate or carbon or hydrocarbon derived from the biological waste or biomass.

If the recovered pure substance is a fat, the product storage arrangement comprises at least one product storage tank having a heater. With the heater, the fat can be kept in a pumpable state.

A third and also transportable standard container is provided, are housed in the control and regulating electronics and an analysis unit. The standard container with the control and regulating electronics can be mechanically and electrically connected to the at least one transportable standard container. On the construction site, the transportable standard containers are put together according to customer requirements and the necessary electrical connections and also media connections are made. Likewise, the necessary connections to the product storage tanks and the raw material tanks are made. The equipment is delivered turnkey.

The process for recovering substances from biological waste or biomass comprises the following steps:

- that the starting materials are supplied in the liquid to solid state and the composition and type of biological waste or biomass is determined;

- that the starting materials, depending on the type of starting material, are passed to a respective raw material tank assigned to the type of starting material; - That at least one transportable standard container from the respective raw material tank, a type of the starting material is supplied in order to obtain a pure substance from the starting material;

- That the pure substance is supplied to a product storage arrangement; and

- That contaminants from the delivery and / or pure water mixtures are supplied from the at least one portable standard container of a biogas plant. The pure substance may be a fat or a protein or cellulose or lignin or carbohydrates or carbon or hydrocarbon. In the at least one transportable standard container, a separation of the pure substance is carried out with at least two elements, wherein the at least two elements are a decanter and a separator.

The biogas plant is fed with the impurities from the delivery and / or pure substance-water mixtures from the at least one transportable standard container. The biogas plant is used for energy production. The recovered energy can in turn flow into the process to make the production of pure materials more energy efficient and lower energy costs for the facility. The processes take place at a temperature range of> 40 ° C.

According to one possible embodiment of the invention, the device serves for the concentration of physically separable oils and fats. The product obtained here, if the product qualities of the starting materials do not exceed certain limits, obtains the following properties:

- Mixed fatty acid

- solids content max. 1, 000 ppm

- water content max. 1, 000 ppm Higher grades can be achieved in an additional dryer.

With this device according to the invention, for example, fat separator contents and food particles can be processed. Modular containers (standard containers) form an essential component of the device according to the invention. In cooperation with an on-site biogas plant, electric power is generated in addition to mixed fatty acids. As a result, the operating costs are reduced, since required for the device required power and required heat from the biogas plant is provided. From the treatment of the waste water is simplified from the at least one standard modular container, because the wastewater is discharged directly into the biogas plant.

With the embodiment of this device according to the invention, about 720 tons of fat per year can be produced with an annual amount of 8,000 tons of fatty and aqueous waste feedstocks. This produces approx. 7,280 tonnes of wastewater.

In the following, embodiments of the invention and their advantages with reference to the accompanying figures will be explained in more detail. The proportions in the figures do not always correspond to the actual size ratios, as some shapes are simplified and other shapes are shown enlarged in relation to other elements for ease of illustration. Showing:

Figure 1 shows a schematic modular structure of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for the recovery of pure substances from biological waste or biomass in connection with a biogas plant; Figure 2 is a schematic modular construction of another embodiment of the device according to the invention with two standard containers for the recovery of pure substances of different types from biological waste or biomass in connection with a biogas plant; FIG. 3 shows a schematic modular construction of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention for recovering pure substances of different types from biological waste or biomass in connection with a biogas plant;

Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of a modular according to the invention

Construction of the equipment for the production of pure substances (fats) from biological waste or biomass and in particular from oil and / or greasy wastes;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the modular construction of the apparatus according to the invention for recovering pure substances (fats) from biological waste or biomass and in particular from oil and / or greasy aqueous wastes;

FIG. 6 shows the sequence within the device for obtaining fat from biological waste or biomass and, in particular, from oil and / or greasy aqueous wastes from delivery to collection;

Figure 7 is a schematic representation of the device for obtaining

Grease from biological waste or biomass, and more particularly from oil and / or greasy wastes containing, in addition to the device, peripheral arrangements necessary for the operation of the device;

Figure 8 is an illustration of the raw material delivery / delivery and supply lines for the means for recovering oil and / or grease from biological waste or biomass and in particular from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste;

FIG. 9 shows a schematic embodiment of the raw material storage, the raw material transferred from the raw material delivery / acceptance;

Figure 10 is a schematic representation of the separation arrangement, with the

Raw material consisting of fat, water and sediment (sand), separated into its constituent parts; Figure 11 shows an embodiment of the separator for separating the

Grease from the water; Figure 12 is a schematic representation of the filtration assembly used to filter the grease removed from the separation assembly to clean grease; and

Figure 13 is a schematic representation of the product storage arrangement and at the same time a transfer of pure grease (product) in trucks for transport.

For identical or equivalent elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments merely represent examples of how the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention for the recovery of raw materials from biological waste or biomass can be designed and thus do not constitute a final limitation of the invention. FIG. 1 shows schematically the modular construction of an embodiment of the invention Device 100, which allows only the extraction of fat as a pure substance from biological waste or biomass. The device is in connection with a biogas plant, whereby the process of producing the pure substance according to a type can be carried out particularly energy-efficient. Likewise, the remains of the preparation of the pure substance of a biogas plant 1500 can be supplied for recovery.

The following description of Figure 1 refers to the recovery of the pure substance fat from the biological waste or biomass. However, this should not be construed as limiting the invention. The device 100 according to the invention according to FIG. 1 is a further development of a plant for recovering the substance 122 from biological waste or biomass or oil and / or fat-containing aqueous waste. The device 100 is suitable for decentralized locations and thus meets the market requirements. better. The device 100 is combined with a biogas plant 1500. The biogas plant 1500 is supplied with waste products from the device 100 and fed from the delivery 10 forth. The delivery 10 also includes an incoming inspection. If the oil and / or fat-containing aqueous wastes, also called starting materials 120, do not have the required quality or the required composition, they can be fed directly to the biogas plant 1500 via a line 1400. It is likewise possible for the starting materials, which are not directly to be processed with the device 100, to be supplied to the biogas plant 1000 via a line 1400. Likewise, the biological waste or the biomass or the oily and / or greasy aqueous wastes in the delivery 10 can be correspondingly comminuted and brought to the required composition so that they can be processed by the device 100.

As shown in Figure 1, there is the basic structure of the device 100 for recovering the pure substance fat from biological waste or biomass or the oil and / or fatty aqueous wastes from a transportable standard container 1 100-i. In the transportable standard container 1 100i, the elements 34, 40 (not shown) housed and designed so that the pure substance 122 can gain fat. From the standard container 1 100i, at least one line 1420 leads to the biogas plant 1500. Via the line 1420 of the biogas plant 1500 solids and / or solid-water mixtures can be fed. This "waste" is utilized in the biogas plant 1500 and serves for additional energy production.

The delivery 10 comprises at least one raw material tank 21 (not shown), which is connected upstream of the at least one standard container 1 100i. From the raw material tank 21, the raw material is supplied to the standard container 1 100i for further processing. The standard container 1 100i is followed by a product storage arrangement 50. The product storage assembly 50 for the pure substance 122 grease is provided with a heater 52 (see FIG. 13) to to keep the fat pumpable. Raw materials 120 that are not to be processed are supplied by the delivery 10 via the line 1400 to the biogas plant 1500.

The standard container 1100i is assigned a transportable control container 1200, which has control and regulating electronics (not shown) and an analysis unit (not shown). The transportable control container 1200 is mechanically connected in the construction of the device 100 with the at least one transportable standard container 1 100i. Likewise, during assembly, the required electrical connections between the control container 1200 and the control and regulating electronics and necessary connections for the analysis unit are produced (not shown).

FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention. The device 100 comprises two transportable standard containers 1 100i, 1 100 ₂ - In the embodiment illustrated here, the first transportable standard container 1 100i comprises at least elements 30 and 40 (not shown) with those of fatty and / or oil-containing aqueous starting materials 120 of the pure substance 122 Fat can be produced. With a further transportable standard container H OO _{2 of} the device 100, it is possible to obtain a pure substance 122 protein from the protein-containing and optionally aqueous starting substances 120. For this purpose, at least part of elements 60 and 70 (not shown) of the device 100 for producing the pure substance 122 protein are accommodated in the at least one transportable further standard container H OO ₂ . In the delivery, the separation between the fatty and / or oil-containing aqueous starting materials 120 and the proteinaceous and optionally also aqueous starting materials 120 can already be carried out. 10 from the delivery of the to be processed starting materials are the first 120 standard containers 1 100i or the second standard container OO H ₂ supplied. Raw materials 120 that are not to be processed are supplied to the biogas plant 1500 via the line 1400. The first standard container 1 100i is a product storage arrangement 50 downstream, in which the pure substance 1 22 fat is stored. Similarly, the second standard container 1 00 _{2 is followed by} a product storage arrangement 50, in which the pure substance 1 22 protein is stored. The first standard container 1 1 00i and the second standard container 1 1 00 ₂ , the transportable control container 1 200 associated with the electronics and analysis technology. It is also conceivable that the first standard container 1 1 00i and the second standard container 1 1 00 ₂ each has its own transportable control container 1200 associated with the electronics and analysis technology.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic modular structure of a further embodiment of the device 1 00 according to the invention for obtaining pure substances 1 22 of different types from biological waste 1 20 or biomass in connection with a biogas plant 1 500. With the embodiment shown here it is possible to have different ones Types of pure substances 1 22 to win. The various pure substances 1 22 are, inter alia, fat or protein or cellulose or lignin or carbohydrates or carbon or hydrocarbon compounds or hydrogen or fuel gas. The device comprises a plurality of transportable standard containers 1 1 00i, 1 1 00 ₂ , ... 1 1 00N, wherein in each standard container 1 1 00i, 1 1 00 ₂ , ... 1 1 00N elements 30, 40 (not shown) for Production of at least one substance 1 22 is undermined. The lines to and from the standard containers II OO ₁ , 1 100 ₂ , - - - 1 00N are carried out analogously to the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2. Likewise, the standard containers 1 1 00i, 1 1 00 ₂ , ... 1 1 00N a transportable control container 1 200 be associated with the electronics and analysis technology. It is also conceivable that each standard container 1 1 00 1, 1 1 00 ₂ , - - - 1 00N has each assigned its own transportable control container 1 200 with the electronics and analysis technology. Unprocessed starting materials 1 20 are fed via the line 1400 of the biogas plant 1 500. 4 shows a partial sectional view of an inventive (nodular structure of the device for obtaining pure substances (fats) from oil and / or greasy aqueous wastes.) For this purpose, the perspective view of the modular construction of the device 100 according to the invention is shown in FIG 100 includes a raw material delivery / acceptance 10 and a raw material storage 20 (see Figure 4) .The raw material storage 20 has at least one raw material tank 21. The pure substance produced is fed to a product storage arrangement 50 (see FIG. 4) which comprises at least one product storage tank 51 The remaining elements 30, 40 (see Figure 4) for producing fat from oil and / or greasy aqueous wastes are accommodated in at least first transportable standard containers 1100i Truck can be transported.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the transportable control container 1200 is mounted on the single standard container 1100i, which, as already mentioned in the description of FIG. 1, accommodates a control and regulating electronics 90 and an analysis unit 92. From here, the process is controlled and monitored. The device 100 according to the invention is constructed such that at least the first standard container 1 1 00i between the raw material delivery / acceptance 10 and raw product storage 20 from the one side and the product storage arrangement 50 of the other side is arranged. In addition, at least one tank for filter aid 45 can be arranged on the first standard container 1100i.

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the modular construction of the device 100 according to the invention for the recovery of pure substances (fats) from oil and / or fatty aqueous wastes. The raw material tank 21 is followed by the standard container 1 100i. The at least one product storage tank 51 is arranged downstream of the standard container 1 100i. This arrangement has the advantage that short cable routes are needed. On the standard container ner 1 100i, the transportable control container 1200 is provided, which has substantially half the length of the standard container 1 100i. Furthermore, the tank 45 for filter aids and further tanks 80 for additives or intermediates are provided on the first standard container 1 100i. FIG. 6 shows the embodiment of the process within the device 100 for obtaining grease from oil and / or greasy aqueous starting materials 120 from the delivery 130 to the shipment 54. Although the following description is limited to the recovery of fat from the starting materials 120, should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. The aqueous wastes, which in addition to the fat constituent also sand and other non-processable components (such as textile waste, metallic waste or plastic waste), are tilted at delivery 130 in a Ruhwarenmulde 1 1 (see Fig. 8).

According to one embodiment, a delivery of starting materials 120 with in each case one pump 14 (or pumping system) can be brought to a comminution 201. From the comminution 201, the starting materials 120 or the raw product 120 reach at least one raw material tank 21. From the raw material tanks 21, the starting materials 120 to be treated pass to a sand separator 202. This is followed by a separator 203 for impurities which may already be present as fine impurities. The raw materials purified by the coarse particles reach a conditioning tank 27 and then a buffer tank 204. Since the raw product 120 is supplied with varying proportions of water, fat, sand and other constituents, it is recommended to have the percentage composition already at the time of delivery 130 to determine the starting materials 120, thus driving the process of recovering pure grease from the raw materials 120 with substantially equal proportions of ingredients. From the buffer container 204, the starting materials 120 pass to a separator 32 which, in the embodiment described here, is formed with separating stages 320i and 320 ₂ connected in series. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to two stages 320i and 320 ₂ . From the separation stages 320i and 320 ₂ sludge 322 can be deducted. Furthermore, ₂ wastewater is withdrawn from the separation stages 320i and 320 that is fed via a filter 205 to a sewage treatment plant 2 (see FIG. 8) or directly to the biogas plant 1500. With the filter 205 still suspended matter can be removed from the withdrawn wastewater. From the last separation stage 320 _{2 of} the separator 32, the grease passes to the filtration 40 and from there to a product storage arrangement 50 comprising at least one product storage tank 51 (see Fig. 13). Finally, from the product storage tank 51 of the product storage arrangement 50, the loading 54 is carried out on corresponding transport carriages. FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the structure of the device 100 for recovering the pure substance fat from oil and / or fat-containing aqueous waste or starting materials 120. The starting materials 120 are also referred to as raw product 120. The raw product 120 is delivered to the raw material delivery acceptance 10. From raw material delivery / acceptance 10, the raw product 120 reaches a raw material storage 20. The raw material storage 20 has at least two raw material tanks 21 (see FIG. 9). The raw material storage 20 is arranged downstream of a separating arrangement 30. With the separating arrangement 30, it is possible to separate the raw material 120 into the corresponding proportions of water, fat and sediments (sand). The separating arrangement 30 is further connected downstream of a filtration arrangement 40. With the filtration assembly 40 pure grease can be generated. From the filtration assembly 40, the recovered pure substance (fat) passes into a product storage arrangement 50 which consists of at least one heatable product storage tank 51 (see FIG. 13). The device 100 for extracting fat from raw material 120 is further associated with a plurality of peripheral systems that are required for the smooth operation of the device 100. Waste water 121 from the water supply network arrives at a water treatment 1222. Likewise, a storage 123 of energy sources is provided. Together with the water 121 from the water treatment 1222 and the storage 123 for the energy carrier 124 steam is generated in a steam generator. The steam generator 124 can be supplied with the energy generated by the biogas plant 1500 (not shown). The steam generated in the steam generator 124 can be supplied to the raw material storage 20 as well as to the separating arrangement 30. The steam generator 124 itself is connected to a chimney 125, via which the exhaust gases are released into the ambient air. From the separating arrangement 30, the wastewater reaches a wastewater treatment 126, which in turn is connected via a line to the steam generator 124. Similarly, the wastewater can be fed directly to the biogas plant 1500 (not shown) for energy. From the wastewater treatment 126, the wastewater enters a pump shaft 127 and from there the waste water can also be transferred to the public sewerage system 128. From the separation arrangement 30 sediments (sand) are also removed via a line 132. Likewise, the filtration arrangement 40 is connected to a line 140, via which filter aids can be removed. The raw material delivery / acceptance 10, the raw material storage 20, the separating arrangement 30, the filtration arrangement 40 and the product storage arrangement 50 are connected via a line system 150 to an exhaust air treatment device 160. The exhaust treatment device 160 may be formed as a biological exhaust air treatment. From the exhaust air treatment arrangement 160, the air finally reaches the exhaust air 161.

FIG. 8 shows a more detailed representation of the raw material delivery / acceptance 10. The raw product 120 consists essentially of preconcentrated grease separator contents and / or food residues. The grease separator contents have a 5% to 50% fat and are delivered with a corresponding collection truck 130. From the collective truck 130, the raw product 120 is tilted or spent in at least one Rohwarenmulde 1 1. It is advantageous for the device 100 that a sufficient amount of raw material 120 is available in the raw material tray 1 1 for a daily production to be processed with the device 100. If two raw material troughs 1 1 are provided, it is possible that two trucks can be unloaded in parallel. In the Rohwarenmulde 1 1 the delivered from the truck 130 raw 120 is added. The raw product 120 can accumulate liquid to the part. For transporting the raw product 120 from the Rohwarenmulde 1 1 a screw 12 is provided in each case. Each of these screws 12 conveys the raw product 120 into a filling container 13. From the filling container 13, the raw product 1 20 is conveyed with a further screw 17 to the piston pump 14. The piston pump 14 pumps the raw product 120 via a line 16 to at least one raw material tank 21 (see FIG. 9). For heating the raw product 120, a heat exchanger 15 is provided in the conduit 16. The heat exchanger 15 is preferably designed as a meander-shaped jacketed heat exchanger. With the heat exchanger 15, the raw product 120 is heated to a first temperature. The heat exchanger 15 is supplied with hot water 18. In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger 15 serves to heat the raw product 120 from about 10 ° C. to 20 ° C. to 25 ° C.

In the illustration shown in FIG. 8, the supply lines required for the operation of the device 100 are also shown. Via a steam line 101, the device 100 can be supplied with the steam required for the processing and heating of the raw product 120. The vapor is present in the steam line 101 at a certain pressure and temperature. A cooling water line 102 provides the device 100 with the required cooling water. The cooling water is guided in the cooling water line 102 under a defined pressure. Likewise, the Device 100 Compressed air provided via a compressed air line 103. The compressed air is present in the compressed air line 103 also at a predefined pressure. Further, the device 100 is associated with a line 105 for the cooling water return. Of the various systems of the device 100, the cooling water passes to the line 105 and may optionally continue to be used within the device 100 for cooling the products.

FIG. 9 shows the section of the device 100 which represents the raw material storage 20. The raw material storage 20 comprises at least one raw material tank 21. Via the line 16, the raw product 120 is conveyed into the at least one raw material tank 21 with the piston pump 14 (FIG. 8). The raw material tank 21 has formed a cone 28. In the region of the cone 28, a heater 29 is provided. With the heater 29 thus the cone 28 is heated, so that the raw product 120 can be kept in the raw material tank 21 at the temperature required for further processing. From the steam line 101 of the device 100, a branch 101 _{1 leads} into the raw material tank 21. With the branch 101 ₁ , it is possible to heat the raw product 120 in the raw material tank 21 to a second temperature by direct steam injection. The second temperature is higher than the first temperature. Preferably, the raw product 120 is heated in the raw material tank 21 by the direct steam injection to a temperature of 50 ° C to 60 ° C. The temperature of the raw product 120 in the raw material tank 21 is preferably 55 ° C. Optionally, there is the possibility that three raw material tanks 21 are set up for receiving the raw product 120. Each Rohwarentank 21 is a lock 22 downstream. Via this lock 22, the raw product 120 can be metered onto a sorting rake 23. With the sorting screen 23, it is possible coarse parts such. As gloves, butchers, etc. from the raw product 120 to remove. By the sorting rake 23 coarse pieces of a size that is greater than 30 mm, separated from the raw product 120. The sorting rake 23 is designed to be heatable. The raw material 120, which has been cleaned by the coarse parts, arrives the line 21 _L to a conditioning 24. The conditioning pump 24 conveys the raw product 120 to a conditioning tank 27. The line 21 _L is also associated with a tube heat exchanger 26. The raw material 120 conveyed via the line 21 _L is heated by the tube heat exchanger 26 to a third temperature. The third temperature is above the second temperature. Preferably, the third temperature is in the range of 65 ° C to 75 ° C. The conditioning tank 27 is also connected to a branch 101 _{2 of} the steam line 101. By direct steam injection, the raw product 120 is heated in the conditioning tank 27 to a fourth temperature. Preferably, the fourth temperature between 90 ° C and 100 ° C is heated. By this heating, the fat is melted and adhering fat components separated from the sand or sediment.

Between the lock assembly 22 and the sorting screen 23, a line 22 _{L is} provided, can be transported through the sand to a receptacle 25 for the sand. Via a line 27 _L , the pre-greasing phase can already be withdrawn from the conditioning tank 27. This prefixing phase is fed via the line 27 _{L to} the mixing condenser 36 (see FIG. 10).

FIG. 10 shows a detailed representation of the separating arrangement 30 of the device 100. The conditioning container 27 has formed a cone 27 _K in the lower region. For the Konus 27 _K , high-fat water is extracted with steam. The conditioning tank 27 is followed by a lock 31 through which the high-fat water and the sand reach the separator 32. The separator 32 has a plurality of chambers 32-i, 32 ₂ , 32 ₃ and 32 _{4 are} formed. In the separator 32, the fat is separated from the water, protein components and the sand or sludge. The upper portion 32 _{0 of} the separator 32 is connected to a line 32 _4L . The grease can be withdrawn from the separator 32 via this line 32 _4L and can be fed to a dryer 41 (see FIG. 12) become. In a lower portion 32u of the separator 32, a sand screw 33 is provided, which is connected via a line 32 ₃ L with a Sandentwässerer 37. In the sand dewater 37, the water removed from the lower portion 32u of the separator 32 is deprived of the water to a certain percentage. The partially dewatered sand is conveyed via the line 32 ₃ L to the receptacle 25 for the sand. A chamber 32 ₂ is connected to a line 32 ₂ L. About this line 32 ₂ L can be promoted by a sand screw 39 sand to the receptacle 25 for the sand. In the chamber 32 ₂ , a low-pressure floatation is carried out in order to further separate floatable substances. The resulting flotate is transported via the sand screw 38, and the sand screw 39 to the receptacle 25.

A chamber 32 of the separation assembly 30 is connected to a conduit 32 _L. In this chamber 32 will settle a little sand. This chamber 32i serves as an overflow for the water. The line 32-i _L opens into a wastewater line 106. As shown in Figure 12, a wastewater pump 1 10, and a plurality of heat exchangers 1 1 1 and 1 12 are arranged in the sewer line 106. Via the heat exchangers 1 1 1 and 1 12, the temperature of the water withdrawn from the chamber 32i can be lowered so that it can be fed to a downstream biogas plant 1500 and / or a sewage treatment plant 2.

The prefixing phase or the vapor phases from the raw material tanks 21 or from the conditioning tank 27 are, as shown in FIG. 9, supplied to the mixing condenser 36 via a line 27 _L. The prefixing phase obtained in the mixing condenser 36 is likewise supplied to the separator 32 via a line 36L. The exhaust air from the mixing condenser 36 passes into an exhaust air line 104 of the device 100. The waste water, which is withdrawn from the chamber 32i via the line 32-i _L from the separator 32, passes through the heat exchanger 1 1 1 (not shown) and 1 12 (not shown) and is brought to a temperature such that they a downstream biogas plant 1500 and / or a sewage treatment plant 2 can be supplied. It must be ensured here that the temperature of the wastewater before it reaches biogas plant 1500 and / or sewage treatment plant 2 does not exceed 30 ° C. The purpose of the heat exchanger 1 1 1 is to generate secondary heating water, which is used to increase the temperature of the raw product 120 by means of the heat exchanger 26 from, for example, 55 ° C. to 69 ° C. Furthermore, the Sekundärheizwasser can be used to heat the raw product 120 of 10 ° C to about 22 ° C with the heat exchanger 15. Through the heat exchanger 1 1 1, the waste water in the sewer line 106 is cooled from 95 ° C to about 55 ° C.

The second heat exchanger 1 12 in the sewer line 106 has the task of cooling the wastewater from 55 ° C to the desired outlet temperature, for example 30 ° C, with the waste water is transferred to the biogas plant 1500 and / or a sewage treatment plant 2. As already described in FIG. 10, the grease in the upper region 32 _{0 of} the separator 32 is withdrawn via the line 32 _4L . For this purpose, a crude fat pump 35 is arranged in the line 32 _4L . The withdrawn from the separator 32 crude fat still contains moisture and suspended solids, from which it must be released.

As already indicated in FIG. 6, in order to separate the fat from the unwanted constituents of the separators 32, a plurality of separation stages 320i and 320 _{2 may be} connected, which are connected in series. In Figure 11, the embodiment is shown that the separator 32 comprises two separation stages 320i and 320 ₂ , which can not be construed as a limitation of the invention. From the first separation stage 320i to the next separation stage 320 ₂ , an increasing purity of the fat is obtained, which can be achieved with the invention. direction 100 can be won. In each of the separation stages 320i and 320 ₂ , a separation of the aqueous phase W and the fatty phase F results. Between the aqueous phase W and the fatty phase F, an intermediate layer Z comprising protein constituents is formed. The intermediate layer Z is hindering the migration of the fat particles from the aqueous phase W into the fatty phase F. In each separation stage 320i and 320 ₂ , the intermediate layer Z is stripped to promote the separation of fat and water. The fat-containing phase F of a preceding separation stage 320i is transferred to the following separation stage 320 ₂ by means of a conduit 321 -1. Analog can proceed with the following separation stage 320 ₂ . From separation stage 320i to separation stage 320 ₂ , a higher purity of the fat from the waste is achieved. The intermediate layer Z can be withdrawn continuously or stepwise via a trigger 320A.

FIG. 12 shows a more detailed view of the filtration arrangement 40. Via the line 32 _L , the crude grease reaches a dryer 41. This dryer 41 serves to separate the residual moisture from the crude fat. In the dryer 41, the fat is dried with the aid of vacuum (100 mbar). About 1% of water then go together with the air flow via the line 41 _L to the dryer 41, which is a vacuum condenser, in which the water condenses out. Thanks to gravity, the dried crude grease enters a filter tank 42. Filter aid 45 is added here by means of a big-bag metering system and a lock 43. In the filter tank 42, the crude fat is homogenized. This homogenized crude fat is conveyed via a filter pump 49, which is arranged in a line 42 _L , to a plate filter 44. In the plate filter 44, the crude fat is filtered. The plates of the plate filter 44 can be removed by means of a crane track (not shown). For the storage and cleaning of the plates (not shown), a corresponding frame (not shown) may be provided in addition to the plate filters 44. Connected to the plate filter 44 is a line 44 _L , which conducts the filtered clean grease via a pump. lizeifilter 47 and a downstream product cooler 48 leads. The product cooler 48 lowers the temperature of the clean fat to a fifth temperature. The fifth temperature is dimensioned such that it is smaller than the fourth temperature. Preferably, the fifth temperature is 80 ° C. Via a line 48L, the pure fat cooled down to the fifth temperature reaches the product storage arrangement 50, which is shown in FIG.

The product storage assembly 50 includes at least one product storage tank 51. Each of the product storage tanks 51 is provided with a heater 52. Via the heater 52, the grease present in the product storage tanks 51 can be heated with hot water from the secondary hot water circuit. As already mentioned in the description of FIG. 6, the clean grease passes via the line 48L into the corresponding product storage tank 51. The heater 52 in the product storage tank 51 serves to keep the clean grease in a pumpable state. Via a line 51 L, the clean grease can be removed from the product storage tanks 51. A pump 53 conveys the clean grease to corresponding transport trucks or trucks, which serve to remove 54 of the clean grease. According to a possible embodiment, the device 100 comprises three product storage tanks 51. This is located in a product storage tank 51 pure fat with a high content of fatty acid. In another product storage tank 51 is stored pure fat with a low fatty acid content. In a further product storage tank 51, clean grease is stored with a blend of the two previous product storage tanks 51, so that a mixing of the fatty acid content of the two previous product storage tanks 51 is adjustable. As already mentioned, by the pump 53, the clean grease can be pumped onto the trucks. Depending on the customer's request, the fatty acid content of the pure fat can be set in a defined manner by suitable mixing of the three product storage tanks 51. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 Raw material delivery / acceptance

1 1 rest dump

12 snail

13 filling container

14 pump, piston pump

15 heat exchangers

16 line

17 more snails

18 hot water

20 raw material storage

21 raw material tank

21 L line

22 lock

22 _L line

23 sorting rakes

24 conditioning pump

25 receptacles

26 tube heat exchanger

27 conditioning tank

27 _K cone

27 _l pipe

28 cone

29 heating

30 separation arrangement; Element for the production of fat

31 lock

32 separators

32-i, 32 ₂ , 323, Chamber 32 ₄

32 _{1 L} line

32 _2L line

32 _3L line

32 _4L line

32 ₀ upper range

32u lower area

33 sand snail

34 loading

35 crude fat pump

36 mixing condenser

36 _L line

37 sandy drainage

38 sand snail

39 sand snail

40 filtration arrangement; Elements for the production of fat

41 dryers

41 L line

42 filter tank

42 _L line

43 lock

44 plate filters

44 _L line

45 filter aids

47 police filters

48 product coolers

48 L line

49 filter pump

50 product storage arrangement 51 product storage tank

51 L line

52 heating

53 pump

54 Transport Weighing

80 more tanks

90 control electronics

92 analysis unit

100 establishment

101 steam line

101 1 diversion steam line

101 ₂ Branch steam line

102 cooling water pipe

103 compressed air line

104 exhaust duct

105 line

106 sewer pipe

1 10 wastewater pump

1 1 1 heat exchanger

1 12 heat exchangers

120 Waste, biomass, raw materials

121 water

122 pure substances

123 storage

124 steam generator

125 chimney

126 Wastewater treatment

127 pump shaft

128 sewer system 130 delivery, collection truck

132 line

140 line

150 pipe system

160 exhaust air treatment arrangement

161 exhaust air

201 crushing

202 sand separator

203 separators

204 buffer tank

205 filters

320ι separation stage

320 ₂ separation stage

320 _A deduction

321 1 line

322 mud

1 100i, transportable standard containers

1 100 _2> ... 1 100 _N

1200 transportable control container

1222 water treatment

1300 second transportable standard container

1400 line

1420 line

1500 biogas plant

Fat-containing phase

W aqueous phase

z interlayer

Claims

claims

1. Device (100) for obtaining at least one pure substance from biological waste or biomass (120), characterized in that at least a part of elements (30, 40) of the device (100) for obtaining the at least one pure substance (122) in each case at least one portable standard container (1 100i, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100N) are housed.

2. Device (100) according to claim 1, wherein from each standard container (1 100-1, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100 _N ) at least one line (1420) with a biogas plant (1500) is directly connected and via the line (1420) the biogas plant (1500) solids and / or solid-water mixtures can be fed.

3. Device (100) according to claim 1 and 2, wherein a delivery (10) comprises at least one sand separator and a Störstoffabscheider, wherein solids of the biological waste or biomass (120) and optionally water via a line (1400) of the biogas plant can be fed ,

4. Device (100) according to the preceding claims, wherein from the at least one transportable standard container (1 100i, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100N) via one line (1420) material to a biogas plant (1500) can be conducted.

5. Device (100) according to the preceding claims wherein the elements (30,40) in at least one of the standard container (1 100i, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100 _N ) for the recovery of the pure substance fat or protein or cellulose or lignins or carbohydrates or carbon or hydrocarbon or hydrogen or fuel gas from the biological waste (120) are formed.

6. Device (100) according to claims 3 to 5, wherein the delivery (10) comprises at least one Rohwarentank (21), which is connected upstream of the at least one standard container (1 100i, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100 _N ).

7. Device (100) according to claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one product storage arrangement (50) is connected downstream of the at least one standard container (1 100i, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100 _N ).

8. Device (100) according to claim 7, wherein the product storage arrangement (50) for each substance comprises at least one product storage tank (51).

The apparatus (100) of claim 8, wherein the product storage assembly (50) for the pure (22) grease includes a heater (52) to maintain the grease in a pumpable condition.

10. Device (100) according to the preceding claims, wherein a transportable control container (1200) is provided, is housed in the control and regulating electronics and an analysis unit and with the at least one transportable standard container (1 100i, 1 100 ₂ , .. .1 100 _N ) is mechanically and electrically connectable.

11. Process for the recovery of pure substances from biological waste or

Biomass (120) characterized by the following steps:

- That the starting materials (120) delivered to a delivery (10) in the liquid to solid state and the composition and type of biological waste or biomass (120) is determined;

- That the starting materials (120), depending on the type of the starting material (120) to each one of the type of starting material (120) associated Rohwarentank (21) are passed; - That at least one transportable standard container (1 100i, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100 N from the respective raw material tank (21) a type of is supplied in order to obtain from the starting material (120) a pure substance;

- That the pure substance of a product storage arrangement (50) is supplied; and

- That contaminants from the delivery (10) and / or pure water mixtures from the at least one transportable standard container (1 100i, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100N) of a biogas plant are supplied.

12. The method of claim 1 1, wherein the pure substance is fat or protein or cellulose or lignin or carbohydrates or carbon or hydrocarbon or hydrogen or fuel gas.

13. The method according to claims 1 1 and 12, wherein in the at least one transportable standard container (1 100-1, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100 _N ) a separation of the pure substance with at least two elements (30, 40) is performed wherein the at least two elements are a decanter and a separator.

14. The method according to claims 1 1 and 13, wherein the biogas plant with the impurities from the delivery (10) and / or pure water mixtures from the at least one portable standard container (II OO-1, 1 100 ₂ , ... 1 100N) is used for energy production.