WO2014060710A1

WO2014060710A1 - Roll-on roll-off cargo sailing vessel

Info

Publication number: WO2014060710A1
Application number: PCT/FR2013/052500
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michel PERY; Jean Zanuttini; Alain Neveu
Original assignee: GAVOTY, Eric; Videau, Philippe; CORTES, Florian; PETIT, Antonin; SIMONET, Adrien; VIDAL, Jean-Jacqus
Priority date: 2012-10-18
Filing date: 2013-10-18
Publication date: 2014-04-24
Also published as: EP2895386B1; EP2895386A1; CA2793016A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a single-hull vessel (11), especially a cargo vessel, comprising: a) a so-called duplex rig (110) comprising two transversely interspaced masts (111, 112), each one provided with a boom (130) for respectively carrying a sail (141, 142) extending between said mast and the boom (130), said two masts (111, 112) being connected by structural elements (121, 122), so-called standard rigging, so as to form a portal; and b) stabilising bilge keels (161, 162) below the submerged part of the hull; c) characterised in that the connection from the portal (110) to the hull of the vessel comprises a pivoting connection along a transverse axis (220) and the stabilising bilge keels (161, 162) are retractable.

Description

ROLLING SHIP SAIL

The invention relates to a ro-ro cargo ship. The invention relates mainly, but not exclusively, to the field of the merchant marine, more particularly that of the transport of goods.

The use of the sail or more generally the wind as a mode of auxiliary or main propulsion for ships of high tonnage, such as freighters, is envisaged because of the increase in the price of fossil fuels and the search for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, for economy reasons, the average speed of merchant ships has been reduced by 40% in 5 years, although transport costs have increased. At the same time, the globalization of the economy increases the volume of intercontinental trade and the need for maritime transport.

Attempts to adapt wind propulsion to modern ships of medium or high tonnage are old but very little developed from a practical point of view. The rigs used for this purpose include "central" mast rigs using special sails:

- rigid retractable sails

- tubovoiles such as Cousteau's Alcyone

- square rigging: Ecoliner by Dykstra

Or kite-type rigging, such as Beluga de Skysails.

The need in terms of sail area quickly reached several thousand m ^2, especially if the wind is referred as the primary mode of propulsion. The installation of such a wing surface leads to high masts, which in central position requires strengthening the structure and structural installations to drain the traction force to the hull, which structural installations increase the mass and reduce the volume of freight available. The height of the masts, also called "air draft" prohibits entry into estuaries when they are crossed by bridges, which is common In addition, the maneuver very large sails is delicate in the presence of strong wind or bursts which limits their possibilities of use. The use of a kite sail, as shown in document US Pat. No. 7,798,083, makes it possible, with an equal sail area, to benefit from a traction force. much more important than the traditional sails. However this type of sail remains difficult to maneuver, especially for its launch and recovery, and poor performance for upwind sailing and wind up at medium speed.

However, for a ship whose wind is the main mode of propulsion, the ability to sail upwind, regardless of the type of sail, is an essential condition to ensure a certain consistency in travel time. This capacity is not based only on the wing but also on the use of a drift or a keel, the presence of this drift becoming problematic in the port area, because of the draft it imposes, and implies heeling phenomena that must be taken into account for the cargo or for the comfort of the passengers.

Document US Pat. No. 3,142,282 describes a pleasure craft provided with a rigging said duplex on a gantry

The invention aims to solve the disadvantages of the prior art and concerns for this purpose a monohull ship, including a cargo ship, comprising:

at. a rig, said duplex, having two transversely spaced masts each provided with a boom so as to each carry a sail extending between said mast and the boom, said two masts being connected by so-called dormant structural elements, so as to constitute a portico; b. stabilizer fins under the submerged part of the hull:

vs. characterized in that the connection of the gantry to the hull of the ship comprises a pivot connection along a transverse axis and the stabilizer fins are retractable.

Thus, the duplex rig allows to double the wing surface to equal air draft. The characteristics of this rig and anti-drift devices cooperate to allow the ship object of the invention to be effective in sailing upwind and for the installation of a large area of wing by limiting the height of the masts. The use of a duplex rig allows the said masts to be connected closer to the hull and thus to drain the traction force towards it without the use of a complex recovery structure, which also makes it possible to facilitate the articulation of the gantry mast, which is thus advantageously slumped, the stabilizers being retracted to reduce the draft and the draft during port maneuvers.

The invention is advantageously implemented according to the embodiments which are to be considered individually or in any technically effective combination.

Advantageously, the standing rigging comprises cables extending between the two masts of the gantry. Thus, each cable exploited the entire width of the ship for transverse guying, the gantry constituting a transversely stable rigid structure.

According to one embodiment of the ship which is the subject of the invention, the duplex rig comprises a longitudinal stay comprising struts connecting the heads of the masts to anchor points located on the bridge in front of and behind the gantry, and it comprises:

d. a forestay sail on a forestay binding longitudinally the portico towards the bow of the ship.

So the sail area and further increased.

According to another embodiment, the vessel which is the subject of the invention comprises: e. a sail, said central, and means for deploying said sail between the masts of the gantry of the duplex rigging.

This embodiment makes it possible to increase the propulsive force under certain gaits.

Advantageously, the mechanical connection of the gantry of the duplex rigging to the hull comprises a pivot axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ship which comprises: f. means cooperating with the standing rigging to lean transversely the gantry.

This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the influence of the heel on the apparent sail surface.

Advantageously, the ship object of the invention comprises several duplex rigs spaced longitudinally. The absence of central base mast and important structure for drainage efforts to the hull, can multiply the masts and increase the sail area without hindering the volume of cargo and access to this volume.

Advantageously, each stabilizing fin has a hydrodynamic profile, and the vessel which is the subject of the invention comprises:

bi. means for pivoting said fins around their central axis This movement allows, by adjusting the lift of said fins to adjust the anti-drift and anti-roll components provided by these fins.

Advantageously, the trailing edge of each stabilizing fin comprises: bii. an articulated plane and means for controlling the orientation of said flap.

These plans make it possible to accentuate the lift effect of each fin.

Advantageously, the ship object of the invention comprises in its hull:

biii. retraction housing stabilizing fins, said housing comprising profiled shutters unsealed sealing said housing when the fins are deployed.

The flaps, reduce the hydrodynamic drag caused by the presence of empty housing in the hull.

Advantageously, the length / width ratio of the hull of the ship object of the invention is less than 5.75 and its block coefficient (Cb) is less than 0.56. Thus, the relatively large width of the hull provides the ship object of the invention its carrying capacity while giving it a behavior at the lodging compatible with wind propulsion, the fineness of said hull to ensure a good hydrodynamic performance in a wide speed range, while maintaining a significant displacement

The block coefficient (Cb) is the coefficient of filling of a rectangular parallelepiped by the hull, that is to say the ratio between the volume immersed by the product of the length and the width of the hull measured at the of the waterline and the depth of the hull below the waterline.

Advantageously, the bow of the vessel object of the invention has an entry angle into the water of less than 14 °. Thus, unlike merchant vessels with motorized propulsion, optimized for cruising speed, the bow e has no bulb and its finesse allows it to have almost constant hydrodynamic performance over a wide range of speeds.

Advantageously, the bottom of the hull of the ship object of the invention is flat on at least half of its length. Thus, said hull is able to be safely deposited on dry dock tees especially for maintenance operations.

Advantageously, the shell comprises, on the part comprising a flat bottom, a vertical wall at the stern of the vessel, which gradually widens outwards forwards, the chine being raised vertically between 100% and 30% of the immersed height from the rear to the front. Thus, the ship object of the invention, the ship object of the invention is suitable for the holding quay and in particular for a ro-ro type of use, while maintaining its transverse stability under moderate accommodation.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the ship object of the invention comprises lateral ballasts and means for transferring water between the ballast. Thus, said ballasts make it possible to make up the list during loading / unloading operations at dock and automatically compensate the movements of goods during these operations so as to keep the ship upright. At sea, this ballast system makes it possible to minimize the permanent gait taken because of the support of the wind on the rigging.

The displacement of the ship object of the invention is greater than 9000 tons (9.10 ⁶ Kg).

Advantageously, the ship which is the subject of the invention comprises:

boy Wut. mechanical propulsion means.

This auxiliary propulsion means makes it possible to perform the port maneuvers. Advantageously, the ship which is the subject of the invention comprises:

h. a bow thruster.

Advantageously, said bow thruster is housed in a tunnel traversing the bow transversely and comprises a non-sealed shutter shutter of said tunnel. Thus the presence of this tunnel has no adverse effect on the performance of the hull cruising.

Advantageously, the ship which is the subject of the invention comprises:

i. a fuel cell capable of supplying the mechanical propulsion means.

This mode of energy production is low greenhouse gas producer. The invention is explained below according to its preferred embodiment, in no way limiting, and with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 in which:

- Figure 1 shows in a perspective view from the front, an embodiment of a ship according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows, in a cross section, the sections of the shell, Figure 2A at the level of the front rigging, Figure 2B at the center of the ship and Figure 2C at the height of the rear rigging;

FIG. 3 represents longitudinal sectional views at the height of the 3 internal decks of the ship of FIGS. 1 and 2, FIG. 3A at the height of the main deck, FIG. 3B at the height of the median bridge and FIG. 3C at the height of the lower deck;

- And Figure 4 shows in a cross-sectional view an embodiment wherein the gantry masts are able to be inclined transversely.

Figure 1, according to an exemplary embodiment, the ship (100) object of the invention is a ro-ro cargo of a length of 120 meters for a displacement of 9480 tons (9.48.10 ⁶ kg). According to this exemplary embodiment, the main propulsion of the ship which is the subject of the invention is carried out by two duplex rigs, comprising two gantry poles (1 10) provided with terminals and supporting flexible "Bermudian" type sails held at the masts (11 1 , 112) vertically by sliders. According to an alternative embodiment (not shown), the duplex rigging is achieved by means of two rigid wings. Each mast (1 10) gantry comprises two vertical poles (1 1 1, 112), spaced transversely, and interconnected by a standing rigging constituted according to this embodiment by sets of cables (121) and connecting rods (122) extending between said vertical poles (1 1 1, 1 12). Each mast (1 1 1, 1 12) comprises a boom (130) the sails (141, 142) of each duplex rig extending between said boom (130) and a mast (11 1, 1 12) vertical. The gantry masts (110) are held vertical by a longitudinal stay with struts (151, 152) connecting the masthead to the bow and stern of the boat. According to an exemplary embodiment the ship further comprises a sail (143) of unrollable strut installed on one or more of these longitudinal struts. Thus, according to this embodiment, the sail area reaches a total of 4300 m ² , which makes it possible to propel said vessel at an average speed of 1 1 knots in land speed. Advantageously, the rig includes the possibility of deploying a rigid sail (not shown) between the vertical poles (1 1 1, 1 12) of each gantry.

The hull of the ship object of the invention comprises fins (161, 162) anti-roll stabilization and anti-drift, which extend at an angle of 75 ° under the hull. Said fins are retractable by pivoting about an axis substantially perpendicular to the hull at their base, so as to store them in appropriate dwellings (163). According to an exemplary embodiment, said housings are closed by non-leaktight flaps which moves during the deployment of said fins (161, 162), for example by hydraulic accumulator means loaded at the opening of the flap during storage of the flap and which tends to bring said shutter back to the closed position. According to an advantageous embodiment, the ship object of the invention comprises means for pivoting said fins (161, 162) about their central axis (165). The section of said fins is aerodynamic profile adapted to generate a lift substantially perpendicular to the axis (165) of rotation so that the orientation of the fins by this pivoting allows to vary said lift.

Figure 2 in a cross section, the hull has a bottom (260) flat over more than half of its length and more particularly between the sections corresponding to the base of the two gantry masts. Figure 2C, the plating has a right wall (261) at the rear, which extends substantially to the stern of the ship, to facilitate holding the ship dock. Forward, said wall flares outward. The bilge (262) extends over the entire height of the hull below the line (200) of flotation at the rear and, Figure 2A, about 30% of this height to the front. According to this embodiment, the ship comprises three interior bridges (241, 242, 243), the main deck (241) being above the line (200) of flotation and the two others below.

3A, according to an exemplary embodiment, the main bridge covers a useful area of 1600 m ² . Access to this main deck is achieved by means of a ramp (341) retractable to the rear of the ship. Figure 3B according to this embodiment the median bridge (242) covers an area of 900 m ² and is accessible from the main inner bridge by a ramp (342). Thus, the ship object of the invention is a ro-ro ship, suitable for receiving vehicles or containers transported by lifting gear. 3C, according to this embodiment the lower deck has a cargo area with a volume of 400 m ³ . The access between the median bridge and lower deck is achieved by a lift (344). Advantageously, the ship which is the subject of the invention comprises two very fine lateral ballasts (381, 382), in order to minimize the loss of stability by the free surface, interconnected by pipes (385) of large diameter, each being equipped with a pump capable of transferring water from one ballast (381) to another (382). The transfer of the water from one ballast (381, 382) to the other makes it possible to compensate for the deposit both during loading operations at the wharf and at sea. Thus, these devices make it possible to maintain the deposit between + 8 ° and -8 °.

According to this embodiment, the width of the hull to the main beam is 21.5 meters so that the ratio of the length to width is 5.58. Taking into account the displacement of 9480 tons, the coefficient of fineness of the hull is 5.72, for a block coefficient of 0.55. 3A, according to this embodiment, the angle (360) entering the water from the bow to the waterline is 14 °.

Returning to FIG. 2A or 2C, the gantry masts connected to the hull at the plating via a pivot connection along a horizontal axis (220) substantially parallel to the transverse direction of the ship. Thus, by releasing the longitudinal support struts of said gantry masts they are able to be inclined, see slumped on the deck of the ship, for example to pass under a structure of art barring a mouth.

Figure 4, according to an exemplary embodiment, the connection of the gantry masts to the hull comprises a hinge axis parallel to the longitudinal direction, and the standing rigging is configured such that said gantry constitutes a deformable parallelogram. Thus, it is possible to tilt transversely said gantry mast so as to optimize the orientation of the rig according to the list.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the object of the invention advantageously comprises mechanical propulsion means consisting for example of a motor (190) mounted in a nacelle, fixed or steerable, commonly referred to as the Anglo-Saxon term "pod". Said engine, electric or hydraulic drives a propeller for the port maneuvers or to supplement the wind traction for winds lower than 4 beaufort. Additionally, the mechanical propulsion device comprises a bow thruster (191) placed in a tunnel traversing the hull transversely. Advantageously, said tunnel is closed by a non-tight flap in cruise so as to limit its hydrodynamic influence. Advantageously, these mechanical propulsion means are supplied with energy, directly or indirectly by means of the fuel cell.

Claims

Monohull ship (100), including a cargo ship, comprising:

at. a rig (1 10), said duplex, comprising two transversely spaced masts (11 1, 1 12) each provided with a boom (130) in order to each carry a sail (141, 142) extending between said mast and the boom (130), said two masts (1 1 1, 1 12) being connected by structural elements (121, 122), so-called standing rigging, so as to constitute a gantry;

b. fins (161, 162) stabilizing under the submerged part of the hull:

vs. characterized in that the connection of the gantry (1 10) to the hull of the ship comprises a pivot connection along a transverse axis (220) and that the fins (161, 162) stabilizer are retractable.

Ship according to claim 1; wherein the standing rigging comprises cables (121) extending between the two masts of the gantry

A vessel (100) according to claim 1, wherein the duplex rig comprises a longitudinal guying comprising props (151, 152) linking the mast heads to anchor points located on the bridge aft and aft of the gantry, and has:

d. a forestay sail (143) on a forestay binding longitudinally the portico towards the bow of the ship

Ship according to claim 1, comprising:

e. a sail, said central, and means for deploying said sail between the poles (1 1 1, 1 12) of the gantry of the duplex rig.

Ship according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical connection of the gantry of the duplex rigging to the hull comprises a pivot axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ship, and it comprises:

f. means cooperating with the sleeping rig to lean transversely the portico.

6. Ship (100) according to claim 1, comprising several rigs

(110) longitudinally spaced duplexes.

7. Ship according to claim 1, wherein each stabilizing fin (161, 162) comprises a hydrodynamic profile, and it comprises: bi. means for pivoting said fins about their central axis (165).

The vessel of claim 7, wherein the trailing edge of each stabilizer fin comprises:

bii. an articulated plane and means for controlling the orientation of said flap.

9. Ship according to claim 1, comprising in its hull:

biii. housing (163) for retracting stabilizing flaps (161, 162) said housing comprising profiled shutters unsealed to close said housing when the fins are deployed.

The vessel of claim 1, wherein the length / width ratio of the hull is less than 5.75 and its block coefficient (Cb) is less than 0.56.

11. Ship according to claim 10, wherein the bow comprises an angle

(360) entering the water less than 14 °.

12. Ship according to claim 10, wherein the bottom (260) of the hull is flat over at least half of its length.

13. Ship according to claim 12, wherein the hull comprises, on the part comprising a flat bottom, a wall (261) vertical to the rear of the vessel which gradually flares outward towards the front, the chine (262) being vertically elevated between 100% and 30% of the submerged height from the back to the front.

14. A vessel according to claim 10, comprising lateral ballast (381, 382) and means (385) for transferring water between the ballast.

15. Ship according to claim 14, whose displacement is greater than 9000 tons (9.10 ⁶ Kg).

16. Ship according to claim 15, comprising:

boy Wut. mechanical propulsion means (190, 191).

17. Ship according to claim 16, comprising:

h. a bow thruster (191).

18. Ship according to claim 17, wherein the bow thruster is housed in a tunnel traversing the bow transversely and comprises a non-sealing shutter of said tunnel.

19. Ship according to claim 16, comprising:

i. a fuel cell capable of supplying the mechanical propulsion means (190, 191).