WO2014057970A1 - 電解加工装置 - Google Patents
電解加工装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014057970A1 WO2014057970A1 PCT/JP2013/077462 JP2013077462W WO2014057970A1 WO 2014057970 A1 WO2014057970 A1 WO 2014057970A1 JP 2013077462 W JP2013077462 W JP 2013077462W WO 2014057970 A1 WO2014057970 A1 WO 2014057970A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic field
- electrode
- processing apparatus
- magnets
- electrolytic processing
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/02—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/26—Apparatus for moving or positioning electrode relatively to workpiece; Mounting of electrode
- B23H7/28—Moving electrode in a plane normal to the feed direction, e.g. orbiting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/26—Apparatus for moving or positioning electrode relatively to workpiece; Mounting of electrode
- B23H7/32—Maintaining desired spacing between electrode and workpiece, e.g. by means of particulate material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/38—Influencing metal working by using specially adapted means not directly involved in the removal of metal, e.g. ultrasonic waves, magnetic fields or laser irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/10—Working turbine blades or nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
- B23H9/16—Making holes using an electrolytic jet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic processing apparatus that melts and processes a workpiece by energizing an electrode and the workpiece through an electrolytic solution.
- Drilling of difficult-to-cut materials that are difficult to machine is generally performed by electrolytic machining or electrical discharge machining.
- cooling holes are formed in the turbine blades of the gas turbine to circulate a cooling medium in order to cool the turbine blades.
- the shape of the cooling holes be curved along the geometric shape of the turbine blade.
- the conventional electrolytic machining method for turbine blades is suitable for forming a straight hole, it is difficult to form a curved machining hole, that is, a curved hole.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a bent hole processing device that has been devised to process bent holes.
- the machining amount is made different at the circumferential position of the machining electrode tool by covering with an insulating member except for a part of the surface of the machining electrode tool.
- the current density generated between the workpiece and the machining electrode tool is increased, and the electric field is unevenly distributed in the machining electrode tool. Therefore, the amount of processing increases at the portion where the current density increases, and a bent hole is formed by the processing electrode tool progressing on the side where the processing amount is large.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic processing apparatus capable of easily forming a bent hole having a desired shape.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus extends in a cylindrical shape, is made of a conductive material having flexibility, and the electrolytic solution is directed from the proximal side toward the distal side toward the inner side.
- the electrolytic solution flows out from the tip of the electrode, and an electric current is passed between the electrode and the workpiece through the electrolytic solution, and the workpiece is dissolved while the workpiece is melted. Will be formed.
- a magnetic field is applied to the electrode by the magnetic field generator, and Lorentz force acts on the charged particles in the current flowing through the electrode.
- the electrode is bent in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the magnetic field is applied and the direction in which the current flows, and the processed hole can be formed as a bent hole.
- the bending strength and bending direction of the electrode can be changed according to the strength of the magnetic field and the applied direction.
- the magnetic field generating unit may have at least a pair of magnets arranged to face each other.
- Such a magnetic field generator can reliably apply a magnetic field in a direction crossing the extending direction of the electrode, and the electrode can be bent to easily form the processed hole as a curved hole having a desired shape.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus may further include a first movement mechanism that allows the magnetic field generation unit to move in a direction orthogonal to the opposing direction of the pair of magnets.
- Such a first moving mechanism can move the magnetic field generation unit to a position corresponding to the position of the electrode so as to reliably apply a magnetic field to the electrode. For this reason, the electrode can be reliably bent and the processed hole can be easily formed as a bent hole having a desired shape.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus may further include a rotation mechanism that allows the magnetic field generation unit to rotate about an axis extending in a direction orthogonal to the facing direction of the pair of magnets. Good.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus further includes a support member that supports the pair of magnets in the magnetic field generation unit and includes a ring guide formed annularly around the axis, The member may be movable and rotatable by the first moving mechanism and the rotating mechanism.
- the pair of magnets are supported by the annular ring guide, so that even when the bent hole needs to be formed three-dimensionally, the electrode is bent in accordance with the shape of the target bent hole.
- the direction of the magnetic field generator can be changed by the first moving mechanism and the rotating mechanism. Therefore, a magnetic field can be reliably applied to the electrode, and a bent hole having a desired shape can be easily formed.
- the magnetic field generation unit is formed by arranging a plurality of the pair of magnets arranged so as to sandwich the electrodes so as to surround the electrodes, each of the pair of magnets being an electromagnet, A magnetic field control unit that controls the magnitude of the magnetic field generated for each of the magnets may be further included.
- a plurality of pairs of electromagnets are arranged in a ring shape, and the magnitude of the magnetic field can be controlled for each pair of electromagnets by the magnetic field control unit. That is, by selecting any one pair of electromagnets to generate a magnetic field, it is possible to continuously change the direction in which the magnetic field is applied to the electrodes. Therefore, even when the bent hole needs to be formed three-dimensionally, a magnetic field is reliably applied to the electrode so as to bend the electrode in accordance with the shape of the desired bent hole, and the desired shape is obtained.
- the bent hole can be easily formed.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus may further include a second moving mechanism for bringing the magnets close to and away from each other in the pair of magnets of the magnetic field generation unit.
- the strength of the magnetic field can be changed by adjusting the distance between the magnets, and a Lorentz force of a desired magnitude can be obtained, and the desired curve can be obtained by bending the electrode.
- a bent hole having a shape can be easily formed.
- a current control unit that controls the magnitude of the current flowing from the current supply unit to the electrode may be further provided.
- the magnitude of the Lorentz force acting on the charged particles in the current flowing through the electrode can be changed, and the electrode can be bent to easily form a curved hole having a desired shape. it can.
- a plurality of the electrodes are arranged at intervals in a direction intersecting the extending direction of the electrodes, and the magnetic field is applied to each of the plurality of electrodes at a position different in the extending direction.
- the magnetic field generator may be disposed.
- each electrode can be bent independently at the same time. Therefore, a plurality of bent holes having a desired shape can be formed simultaneously.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus calculates a difference between a detection unit that detects the position of the electrode, an input from the detection unit, and a preset target processing position, A misalignment control unit that changes the magnitude of the magnetic field so as to reduce the difference may be further included.
- Such a position deviation control unit makes it possible to perform feedback control so that the machining position of the bent hole approaches the target machining position. For this reason, the bent hole of a desired shape can be formed more reliably.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus calculates an auxiliary magnetic field generator that applies a magnetic field in a direction intersecting the extending direction with respect to the electrode, and a deflection amount of the electrode.
- a deflection amount reducing mechanism having a deflection amount control unit that changes the magnitude of the magnetic field applied from the auxiliary magnetic field generation unit so as to reduce the deflection amount.
- the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the electrode from the auxiliary magnetic field generator is changed by the deflection control reduction mechanism so as to reduce the deflection generated in the electrode, that is, the Lorentz force acting on the charged particles in the current is changed.
- the electrode can be bent, and the bent hole can be easily processed.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus includes an auxiliary magnetic field generating unit that applies a magnetic field in a direction intersecting the extending direction with respect to the electrode, and the auxiliary magnetic field generating unit is disposed on the electrode.
- a bending amount reducing mechanism having a reciprocating mechanism that reciprocates along the extending direction may be further provided.
- auxiliary magnetic field generating portion when the electrode advances toward the tip side and bending occurs when processing the bent hole in the workpiece, the reciprocating mechanism assists in the electrode extending direction.
- the electrode By applying a magnetic field while reciprocating the magnetic field generation unit, the electrode can be bent by Lorentz force. Therefore, the bending generated in the electrode can be reduced in a squeeze manner, and the bending hole can be easily processed.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus 1 is an apparatus for forming a processed hole 101 in a bent hole with respect to the workpiece 100.
- the workpiece 100 is a turbine blade of a gas turbine
- the machining hole 101 of the workpiece 100 is a cooling hole for cooling the turbine blade.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus 1 includes an electrode 3 that forms a machining hole 101 in a workpiece 100, a current supply unit 6 that supplies current to the electrode 3, and a magnetic field applied to the electrode 3.
- a magnetic field generation unit 7 that moves the electrode 3 forward and backward, and a guide unit 5 that guides the electrode 3 when the electrode 3 is advanced.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus 1 also includes a support member 8 that supports the magnetic field generator 7, a support shaft moving mechanism (first moving mechanism) 14 that moves the supporting member 8, and a support arm moving mechanism (first moving mechanism) 15. It has.
- the moving mechanism 4 moves the electrode 3 forward and backward with respect to the workpiece 100.
- the moving mechanism 4 is disposed on the tip 100a side of the turbine blade, which is the workpiece 100, and is configured to be movable back and forth with respect to the tip 100a.
- the moving mechanism 4 moves the electrode 3 forward and backward using a driving source such as an electric motor (not shown).
- a driving source such as an electric motor (not shown).
- the acceleration of the forward / backward movement of the moving mechanism 4, that is, the output of the driving source is controlled by a pushing force control device (not shown).
- the moving mechanism 4 has a plurality of gripping portions 4a for gripping the base end 3b of the electrode 3 on the surface on the workpiece 100 side.
- the grip 4a has a cylindrical shape with a hollow inside, and the base 3b of the electrode 3 is inserted into one end of the grip 4a so that the electrode 3 can be gripped.
- gripping part 4a is connected to the electrolyte solution flow path not shown.
- the electrolyte solution W is supplied into the grip portion 4a through the electrolyte solution passage.
- the supply amount of the electrolytic solution W can be arbitrarily adjusted by a flow rate control device (not shown).
- As the electrolytic solution W for example, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, saline, or the like is used.
- the guide unit 5 is disposed between the moving mechanism 4 and the tip 100a of the workpiece 100 (the tip shroud of the turbine blade).
- the guide unit 5 guides the electrode 3 advanced and retracted by the moving mechanism 4 with respect to the tip 100a of the workpiece 100 so as to be in a predetermined traveling direction.
- the guide portion 5 is provided with a plurality of guide holes 5a that allow the moving mechanism 4 side and the workpiece 100 side to communicate with each other.
- the electrodes 3 are inserted through the guide holes 5a from the moving mechanism 4 side toward the workpiece 100 side.
- the electrodes 3 are advanced by the moving mechanism 4, so that the electrode 3 is at a desired position at the tip 3 a of the workpiece 100 according to the arrangement of the guide holes 5 a and at a desired angle with respect to the tip 3 a.
- the electrode 3 can be introduced.
- the electrode 3 forms a machining hole 101 (turbine blade cooling hole) in the workpiece 100 by electrolytic machining.
- the electrode 3 has a cylindrical shape extending along the axis, and is made of a flexible conductive material such as stainless steel, copper, titanium, or the like.
- the hollow portion on the inner peripheral side of the electrode 3 (inside the electrode 3) communicates with the hollow portion of the grip portion 4 a of the moving mechanism 4.
- the electrolytic solution W used for electrolytic processing flows through the electrode 3 from the proximal end 3b side (moving mechanism 4 side) toward the distal end 3a side (workpiece 100 side).
- the electrode 3 has a cylindrical shape (see FIG. 3).
- the electrode 3 may have, for example, a rectangular shape with a polygonal cross section.
- the outer peripheral surface of the electrode 3 is covered with an insulating layer (not shown) made of, for example, a polyester resin having electrical insulation, and the electrode 3 is exposed on the end surface on the tip 3a side.
- the electrode 3 can be energized between the workpiece 100 at the exposed portion.
- the current supply unit 6 is a power supply device that is connected to the electrode 3 by the cable 6a, supplies current to the electrode 3, and distributes current from the proximal end 3b of the electrode 3 toward the distal end 3a.
- the magnetic field generator 7 applies a magnetic field to the electrode 3 in a direction that intersects the extending direction of the electrode 3.
- the magnetic field generating unit 7 includes a pair of magnets 9 arranged to face each other so as to sandwich the electrode 3 and the workpiece 100 into which the electrode 3 is inserted.
- the magnet 9 may be an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
- the pair of magnets 9 are disposed at the tip 3 a of the electrode 3.
- the direction in which the pair of magnets 9 is opposed is the X direction
- the direction along the direction in which the electrode 3 extends is the Y direction
- the direction orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction is the Z direction.
- the support member 8 includes a stage 11 disposed on one side in the Y direction (the lower side in FIG. 2), a support shaft 12 extending from the stage 11 to the other side in the Y direction, and attached to the support shaft 12 as Z. It has a support arm 13 that extends to one side of the direction (left side in FIG. 2) and supports the magnetic field generation unit 7.
- the stage 11 is a base that supports the magnetic field generator 7 via the support shaft 12 and the support arm 13 on one side in the Y direction.
- the support shaft 12 has a rod shape and is provided on the stage 11 so as to be movable in the Z direction, and supports the support arm 13 on one side in the Z direction.
- the support arm 13 has a pair of magnets 9 attached thereto, a pair of magnet support portions 17 extending in the X direction so as to be separated from the pair of magnets 9, and the other end in the Z direction from the end of each of the magnet support portions 17.
- a pair of arm portions 18 extending toward the side, and an arm portion connecting portion 19 that connects the other end portions in the Z direction of the pair of arm portions 18 in the X direction, and is a frame viewed from the Y direction. It has a shape.
- the support shaft moving mechanism 14 is provided on the stage 11 and allows the support shaft 12 to move in the Z direction. Although details of the support shaft moving mechanism 14 are not shown, the support shaft 12 is moved by, for example, a motor or an actuator.
- the support arm moving mechanism 15 is provided on the support shaft 12 and allows the support arm 13 to move in the Y direction. Although details of the support arm moving mechanism 15 are not shown, the support arm 13 is moved by, for example, a motor or an actuator.
- the electrolytic solution W flows out from the tip 3 a of the electrode 3, and the current is passed between the electrode 3 and the workpiece 100 via the electrolytic solution W, so that the workpiece 100 is melted. As a result, the machining hole 101 is formed in the workpiece 100.
- a magnetic field is applied to the electrode 3 in the X direction by the magnetic field generator 7, Lorentz force F acts on charged particles in the current flowing through the electrode 3, and the electrode 3 is bent in the Z direction (one point in FIG. 2). (See chain line).
- a force acts in a direction away from the support shaft 12 on one side in the Z direction, and the electrode 3 is bent in this direction, whereby a bent hole is formed as a machining hole 101 in the workpiece 100. can do.
- the bending strength and bending direction of the electrode 3 can be changed by adjusting the strength of the magnetic field and the direction in which the magnetic field is applied.
- the magnetic field generator 7 has a pair of magnets 9. Since the pair of magnets 9 are arranged so as to face each other and sandwich the electrode 3, it is possible to reliably apply a magnetic field in the direction intersecting the extending direction of the electrode 3, that is, in the X direction, The processed hole 101 can be easily formed as a desired bent hole.
- the magnetic field generator 7 can be moved to a position corresponding to the position of the electrode 3 by the support shaft moving mechanism 14 and the support arm moving mechanism 15 so that the magnetic field is reliably applied to the electrode 3. For this reason, the electrode 3 can be bent more reliably.
- the electrode 3 is bent using the Lorentz force F acting on the charged particles by the magnetic field generation unit 7, and a desired shape of the bent hole is easily formed in the workpiece 100 as the processed hole 101. Can be formed.
- the magnetic field generation part 7 does not need to have a pair of magnets 9, for example, the magnet 9 may be one.
- support shaft moving mechanism 14 and the support arm moving mechanism 15 are not necessarily provided.
- the magnet moving mechanism 23 is provided in the arm connecting portion 19 in the support member 28, and the arm connecting portion 29 can be expanded and contracted in the X direction.
- the magnet moving mechanism 23 for example, a motor or an actuator is provided, and the arm connecting portion 29 is expanded and contracted to bring the pair of magnets 9 close to and away from each other in the X direction.
- the distance between the pair of magnets 9 and the electrode 3 disposed between the pair of magnets 9 is reduced by bringing the pair of magnets 9 close to each other by the magnet moving mechanism 23.
- the Lorentz force F acting on the charged particles in the current of the electrode 3 is proportional to the magnitude of the applied magnetic field. Accordingly, when the distance between the magnet 9 and the electrode 3 is reduced, the magnetic field is increased, so that the Lorentz force F is increased and a larger force is applied to the electrode 3. In this way, the degree of bending of the electrode 3 can be increased.
- the distance between the pair of magnets 9 and the electrode 3 is increased, the magnetic field is decreased, and thus the Lorentz force F is decreased and the electrode 3 is reduced.
- the force acting on the electrode 3 is reduced, and the degree of bending of the electrode 3 can be reduced.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus 1 of the first embodiment is used as a basic configuration, and a pair of magnets in which the Y direction and the Z direction perpendicular to the X direction in which the pair of magnets 9 in the magnetic field generating unit 7 are opposed are the rotation axes. This is different from the first embodiment in that it further includes a rotation mechanism 33 that enables rotation of 9.
- the rotation mechanism 33 rotates the support shaft 12 in the support member 8 to rotate the support arm 13 together with the support shaft 12 with the Y direction as the rotation axis. Further, in the attachment portion between the support arm 13 and the support shaft 12, the support arm 13 is rotated relative to the support shaft 12 with the Z direction as the rotation axis. Although details of the rotation mechanism 33 are not shown, the pair of magnets 9 are rotated via the support arm 13 by, for example, a motor or an actuator.
- the workpiece 100 is a turbine blade
- the surface is curved to form a three-dimensional shape
- the machining hole 101 itself is also formed into a three-dimensional bent hole. Need to be done.
- the orientation of the pair of magnets 9 can be changed according to the progress of the electrode 3 so as to match the shape of the target processing hole 101 by the rotation mechanism 33. Thereby, a magnetic field can be reliably applied to the electrode 3 to bend the electrode 3, and the processed hole 101 can be formed into a curved hole having a desired three-dimensional shape.
- the support member 48 supports the pair of magnets 9 and has a ring guide 43 having an annular shape around the axis O1 extending in the Y direction, and the ring guide 43 around the axis O1.
- a ring guide support portion 44 that rotatably guides and a hanging tool 45 that supports the ring guide support portion 44 from the other side in the Y direction (the upper side in FIG. 6).
- the ring guide 43 has an annular shape centered on the axis O1, and supports the pair of magnets 9 connected in an annular shape centered on the axis O1.
- the pair of magnets 9 are integrated with the ring guide 43 to form one annular member with the ring guide 43 and the magnet 9.
- the ring guide 43 is made of a nonmagnetic material and does not interfere with the magnetic field generated by the magnet 9 and applied to the electrode 3.
- the ring guide 43 and the pair of magnets 9 are held in a state where the workpiece 100 is covered from the outer periphery.
- the ring guide support portion 44 includes a ring guide 43 that forms an annular member as a whole and a pair of guide rollers 44a that sandwich the pair of magnets 9 from both sides in the Y direction.
- the guide roller 44a causes the ring guide 43 to move along the axis O1. It is rotatably supported at the center.
- the ring guide support portion 44 is disposed 180 degrees away from the position where the guide roller 44a is provided around the axis O1, and has a holding portion 44b that wraps and supports the ring guide 43 from the outer periphery.
- the hanger 45 is made of a wire or the like that supports the guide roller 44a and the holding portion 44b from one side in the Y direction so as to be hung from above.
- the hanger 45 is provided with a hanger moving mechanism (first movement mechanism) 46 that can move itself in the Y direction, and a rotating mechanism 47 that can rotate around the axis O1.
- the magnet 9 is moved between one side and the other side in the Y direction via 45, and rotated around the axis O1, that is, the Y direction.
- the pair of magnets 9 are supported by the ring guide 43, so that the processing hole 101 can be suspended even when it is necessary to form a three-dimensional bent hole. While the tool 45 is moved in the Y direction by the lifting tool moving mechanism 46 and the rotating mechanism 47, the direction of the magnetic field generating unit 7 can be changed in accordance with the shape of the target bent hole.
- the rotation mechanism 47 may rotate the ring guide 43 and the magnet 9 by providing the rotation mechanism 47 in the holding portion 44 b in the ring guide support portion 44 instead of the hanging tool 45.
- a plurality of magnetic field generating portions 57 are arranged in a ring shape around an axis O2 in which a pair of magnets 9 extends in the Y direction, and covers the workpiece 100 from the outer periphery.
- a plurality of pairs of magnets 9 arranged so as to sandwich the electrode 3 are arranged in a ring shape so as to surround the electrode 3.
- the adjacent magnets 9 are continuously attached in the circumferential direction.
- the magnets 9 are electromagnets, and the magnetic field generator 57 further includes a magnetic field controller 53 that controls the magnitude of the magnetic field generated in each pair of magnets 9.
- the support member 58 is made of a wire or the like that is supported from one side in the Y direction so as to suspend a plurality of magnets 9 arranged in an annular shape.
- the support member 58 is provided with a support member moving mechanism (first moving mechanism) 56 that allows the support member 58 to move in the Y direction, so that a plurality of annular magnets 9 can move in the Y direction. It has become.
- first moving mechanism first moving mechanism
- the magnetic field control unit 53 controls the magnitude of the magnetic field for each pair of magnets 9. Specifically, the magnitude of the magnetic field is controlled by changing the voltage and current applied to each pair of magnets 9 by a power supply device (not shown).
- the magnetic field control unit 53 can control the magnitude of the magnetic field for each pair of magnets. That is, since any one of the pair of magnets 9 can be selected to generate a magnetic field, the direction in which the magnetic field is applied to the electrode 3 is continued in the circumferential direction of the axis O2 without rotating the magnet 9 about the axis O2. It will be possible to change it. Therefore, even when the machining hole 101 needs to be formed into a three-dimensional bent hole, the magnet 9 is moved in the Y direction by the support member moving mechanism 56 to match the target bent hole shape. Thus, the direction of the magnetic field by the magnetic field generator 57 can be changed.
- the electrode 3 can be bent in a desired direction, and a bent hole having a desired shape can be easily formed.
- the magnets 9 do not have to be provided continuously, and may be provided with a gap in the circumferential direction of the axis O2.
- the magnetic field generation direction can be smoothly changed so that the magnetic field is generated by the other pair of magnets 9 adjacent to the pair of magnets 9 in the circumferential direction.
- the electrodes 3 are arranged at intervals in the Z direction.
- a plurality of magnetic field generators 67 are arranged opposite to each other so as to sandwich the workpiece 100 into which each electrode 3 is inserted by forming each electrode 3 and the machining hole 101 (in this embodiment, It has three pairs of magnets 9.
- the pair of magnets 9 are arranged at the tip 3a of each electrode 3 in a state where the tip 3a of each electrode 3 is arranged at a different position in the Y direction.
- the magnets 9) are arranged at different positions in the Y direction.
- a magnetic field is applied to each of the plurality of electrodes 3 by the magnetic field generator 67 at different positions in the Y direction. For this reason, the magnetic field generated in the magnet 9 that applies a magnetic field to one electrode 3 does not act on the other electrode 3. That is, each electrode 3 can be simultaneously and independently bent into a desired shape. Therefore, the plurality of processed holes 101 can be simultaneously formed as bent holes having a desired shape.
- an electrolytic processing apparatus 71 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- symbol is attached
- a detection unit 73 that detects the position of the electrode 3 and a positional deviation control unit that changes the magnitude of the magnetic field by an input from the detection unit 73. 74.
- the detection unit 73 is a device that detects the position of the electrode 3.
- the detection unit 73 for example, an X-ray imaging apparatus using X-rays, a thermography, a radiation inspection apparatus, an ultrasonic flaw detector, a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (MRI), or the like is used.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
- the position of the electrode 3 may be detected by detecting the change in the magnetic field.
- the positional deviation control unit 74 receives an input from the detection unit 73, calculates a difference between this input value and a preset target machining value, and changes the magnetic field so as to reduce this difference.
- feedback control can be performed so that the processing hole 101 approaches the target processing position by the detection unit 73 and the positional deviation control unit 74, and a curved hole having a desired shape can be more reliably formed. Can be formed.
- detection unit 73 and the misregistration control unit 74 of the present embodiment may be applied to the second to sixth embodiments.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus 1 of the first embodiment is used as a basic configuration, and further includes a bending amount reducing mechanism 83 that reduces the bending amount of the electrode 3 inside the processing hole 101 during processing.
- the bending amount reducing mechanism 83 includes an auxiliary magnetic field generation unit 87 that applies a magnetic field to the electrode 3, and a bending amount that changes the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the electrode 3 from the auxiliary magnetic field generation unit 87. And a control unit 85.
- the auxiliary magnetic field generation unit 87 has a plurality of (four in this embodiment) magnets 89 arranged in pairs so as to sandwich the electrode 3 and the workpiece 100 into which the electrode 3 is inserted from both sides in the Z direction. is doing.
- a plurality of pairs of magnets 89 are provided at intervals in the Y direction.
- a magnetic field is applied to the electrode 3 in the Z direction that intersects the extending direction of the electrode 3.
- the magnet 89 may be an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
- the paired magnets 89 may be disposed so as to sandwich the electrode 3 from the X direction, or may sandwich the electrode 3 from the Z direction and the X direction.
- the bend amount control unit 85 calculates and stores in advance the bend amount of the electrode 3 caused by the advance of the electrode 3, and from the magnet 89 of the auxiliary magnetic field generation unit 87 to the electrode 3 so as to reduce this bend amount. Changes the strength of the applied magnetic field.
- the bending amount of the electrode 3 can be calculated by regarding it as a cantilever beam having the base end 3b of the electrode 3 as a fulcrum. Note that when the magnitude of the magnetic field in the auxiliary magnetic field generator 87 is changed, for example, the distance between the electrode 3 and the magnet 89 may be changed using a mechanism such as the magnet moving mechanism 23 of the second embodiment. Alternatively, when the magnet 89 is an electromagnet, the magnitude of voltage and current applied to the magnet 89 may be changed.
- a method of applying a magnetic field so as to reduce the deflection amount of the electrode 3 calculated in advance is to apply a predetermined magnetic field preset in each pair of magnets 89.
- a magnetic field may be intermittently applied like a pulse wave to only necessary magnets 89 in a pair, or may be periodically applied by a sine wave or the like.
- an electrolytic processing apparatus 81 when the processing hole 101 of the workpiece 100 is processed as a bent hole while the electrode 3 advances toward the tip 3a side, bending may occur in the processing hole 101. In this case, the smoothness of the processing of the processing hole 101 may be impaired.
- the magnetic field is applied to the electrode 3 from the auxiliary magnetic field generator 87 so as to reduce the bending generated in the electrode 3 by the bending amount reducing mechanism 83, and the electrode 3 can be bent by the Lorentz force F1. Therefore, the processing hole 101 can be easily processed as a bent hole.
- the apparatus like the detection part 73 demonstrated in 7th embodiment instead of calculation of a beam. That is, it is possible to detect the position of the electrode 3 using an X-ray imaging apparatus, thermography, radiation inspection apparatus, ultrasonic flaw detector, magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (MRI), etc., and calculate the deflection amount from the detected value. is there.
- the magnets 89 do not have to be provided in pairs, and may be provided only on one side in the Z direction and the X direction, for example.
- the deflection amount reducing mechanism 83 of the present embodiment may be applied to the second to seventh embodiments.
- the electrolytic processing apparatus 1 of the first embodiment is a basic configuration, and further includes a deflection amount reducing mechanism 93 different from that of the eighth embodiment.
- the deflection amount reducing mechanism 93 is capable of reciprocating the auxiliary magnetic field generating unit 97 that applies a magnetic field to the electrode 3 and the auxiliary magnetic field generating unit 97 in the Y direction that is the extending direction of the electrode 3. And a reciprocating mechanism 94.
- the auxiliary magnetic field generator 97 has a pair of magnets 99 so as to sandwich the electrode 3 and the workpiece 100 into which the electrode 3 is inserted from both sides in the Z direction. A magnetic field is applied to the electrode 3 in the Z direction that intersects the extending direction of the electrode 3.
- the magnet 89 may be an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
- the pair of magnets 99 may be disposed so as to sandwich the electrode 3 from the X direction, or may sandwich the electrode 3 from the Z direction and the X direction.
- the reciprocating mechanism 94 reciprocates the pair of magnets 99 along the Y direction. Although details of the reciprocating mechanism 94 are not shown, the magnet 99 is moved by, for example, a motor or an actuator. In the present embodiment, the magnetic field generator 7 disposed on the tip 3 a side of the electrode 3 reciprocates between the base end 3 b of the electrode 3.
- the electrode 3 when the electrode 3 is bent when the bent hole is processed in the workpiece 100, the extending direction of the electrode 3 by the pair of magnets 99 of the auxiliary magnetic field generation unit 97.
- the electrode 3 By applying a magnetic field while reciprocating, the electrode 3 can be bent by the Lorentz force F1. Therefore, the amount of bending can be reduced by squeezing the electrode 3, and the processing hole 101 can be processed more easily as a bent hole.
- the magnets 99 may not be provided in pairs, and may be provided only on one side in the Z direction and the X direction, for example.
- the deflection amount reducing mechanism 93 of the present embodiment may be applied to the second to seventh embodiments.
- the Lorentz force F acting on the charged particles in the current flowing through the electrode 3 can be increased.
- the Lorentz force F can be decreased. Therefore, the bending force acting on the electrode 3 can be controlled in this way, and the processed hole 101 can be processed into a desired bent hole.
- the guide unit 5 that guides the electrode 3 during processing is not necessarily provided.
- Electrolytic processing apparatus 3 Electrode 3a Tip 3b Base end 4 Movement mechanism 4a Holding part 5 Guide part 5a Guide hole 6 Current supply part 6a Cable 7 Magnetic field generation part 8 Support member 9 Magnet 11 Stage 12 Support axis 13 Support arm 14 Support axis movement Mechanism (first moving mechanism) 15 Support arm moving mechanism (first moving mechanism) 17 Magnet support part 18 Arm part 19 Arm part connection part O Axis W Electrolytic solution 21 Electrolytic processing device 23 Magnet movement mechanism (second movement mechanism) 28 support member 29 arm part connection part 31 electrolytic processing apparatus 33 rotating mechanism 41 electrolytic processing apparatus 43 ring guide 44 ring guide support part 44a guide roller 44b holding part 45 lifting tool 46 lifting tool moving mechanism (first moving mechanism) 47 Rotating Mechanism 48 Supporting Member O1 Axis 51 Electrolytic Processing Device 53 Magnetic Field Control Unit 56 Supporting Member Moving Mechanism (First Moving Mechanism) 57 Magnetic Field Generation Unit 58 Support Member O2 Axis 61 Electrolytic Processing Device 67 Magnetic Field Generation Unit 71 Electrolytic Processing Device 73 Detection Unit 74 Position Shif
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年10月10日に、日本に出願された特願2012-224973号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
以下、本発明の第一実施形態に係る電解加工装置1について説明する。
電解加工装置1は、被加工材100に対して、加工孔101を曲がり孔に形成するための装置である。本実施形態では、被加工材100はガスタービンのタービン翼であり、被加工材100の加工孔101は、タービン翼を冷却するための冷却孔となっている。
図2及び図3に示すように、磁界発生部7は、電極3に対して電極3の延在方向に交差する方向に磁界を印加する。
また、この磁界発生部7は、電極3、及び電極3が挿通された被加工材100を挟むように対向して配置された一対の磁石9を有している。なお、この磁石9は電磁石であってもよいし永久磁石であってもよい。また、本実施形態では一対の磁石9は、電極3の先端3aに配置されている。
ここで、一対の磁石9が対向する方向をX方向とし、X方向に直交し、電極3が延在する方向に沿う方向をY方向とし、これらX方向及びY方向に直交する方向をZ方向とする。
次に、本発明の第二実施形態に係る電解加工装置21について説明する。
なお、第一実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、さらに磁界発生部7における一対の磁石9同士の位置を調整可能な磁石移動機構(第二移動機構)23をさらに備えている点で第一実施形態とは異なっている。
次に、本発明の第三実施形態に係る電解加工装置31について説明する。
なお、第一実施形態及び第二実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、第一実施形態の電解加工装置1を基本構成として、磁界発生部7における一対の磁石9が対向するX方向に直交するY方向及びZ方向を回転軸線として、これら一対の磁石9を回転可能とする回転機構33をさらに備えている点で、第一実施形態とは異なっている。
次に、本発明の第四実施形態に係る電解加工装置41について説明する。
なお、第一実施形態から第三実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、支持部材48が第一実施形態から第三実施形態とは異なっている。
またこのリングガイド支持部44は、ガイドローラ44aが設けられた位置とは軸線O1回りに180度離間して配置され、リングガイド43を外周から包み込んで支持する保持部44bを有している。
そしてこの吊り具45には、自身をY方向に移動可能とする吊り具移動機構(第一移動機構)46と、軸線O1回りに回転可能とする回転機構47とが設けられており、吊り具45を介して磁石9をY方向の一方側と他方側との間で移動させ、また軸線O1、即ちY方向を中心に回転させる。
次に、本発明の第五実施形態に係る電解加工装置51について説明する。
なお、第一実施形態から第四実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、磁界発生部57、及び支持部材58の構成が第一実施形態から第四実施形態とは異なっている。
次に、本発明の第六実施形態に係る電解加工装置61について説明する。
なお、第一実施形態から第五実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、第一実施形態の電解加工装置1を基本構成として、複数の電極3によって複数の加工孔101の加工を同時に行う。
また本実施形態では、各電極3の先端3aがY方向に異なる位置に配置された状態で、一対の磁石9が各電極3の先端3aに配置されていることで、これら複数対(三対)の磁石9は各々がY方向に異なる位置に配置されている。
次に、本発明の第七実施形態に係る電解加工装置71について説明する。
なお、第一実施形態から第六実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、第一実施形態の電解加工装置1を基本構成として、電極3の位置を検出する検出部73と、この検出部73からの入力によって磁界の大きさを変化させる位置ずれ制御部74とをさらに備えている。
次に、本発明の第八実施形態に係る電解加工装置81について説明する。
なお、第一実施形態から第七実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、第一実施形態の電解加工装置1を基本構成として、加工中の加工孔101内部での電極3の撓み量を低減する撓み量低減機構83をさらに備えている。
なお、これら対をなす磁石89は、X方向から電極3を挟み込むように配置されてもよいし、Z方向及びX方向から電極3を挟み込んでもよい。
次に、本発明の第九実施形態に係る電解加工装置91について説明する。
なお、第一実施形態から第八実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、第一実施形態の電解加工装置1を基本構成として、第八実施形態とは異なる撓み量低減機構93をさらに備えている。
なお、一対の磁石99は、X方向から電極3を挟み込むように配置されてもよいし、Z方向及びX方向から電極3を挟み込んでもよい。
例えば、上述の実施形態における電流供給部6から電極3へ流通させる電流の大きさを制御する電流制御部をさらに備えていてもよい。そしてこのような電流制御部によって電流を増大させた場合には電極3に流通する電流中の荷電粒子に作用するローレンツ力Fの大きさを大きくできる。一方で、電流を減少させるとこのローレンツ力Fを減少させることができる。よって、このようにして電極3に作用する曲げの力を制御でき、加工孔101を所望の曲がり孔に加工することができる。
なお、このように電極3の電流を増大させた場合には、単位時間当たりの電解量が増大するため、加工孔101の孔径が大きくなってしまうが、例えば電極3の進行速度を増大させることで孔径が増大してしまうことを防止できる。
3 電極
3a 先端
3b 基端
4 移動機構
4a 把持部
5 ガイド部
5a ガイド孔
6 電流供給部
6a ケーブル
7 磁界発生部
8 支持部材
9 磁石
11 ステージ
12 支持軸
13 支持アーム
14 支持軸移動機構(第一移動機構)
15 支持アーム移動機構(第一移動機構)
17 磁石支持部
18 腕部
19 腕部連結部
O 軸線
W 電解液
21 電解加工装置
23 磁石移動機構(第二移動機構)
28 支持部材
29 腕部連結部
31 電解加工装置
33 回転機構
41 電解加工装置
43 リングガイド
44 リングガイド支持部
44a ガイドローラ
44b 保持部
45 吊り具
46 吊り具移動機構(第一移動機構)
47 回転機構
48 支持部材
O1 軸線
51 電解加工装置
53 磁界制御部
56 支持部材移動機構(第一移動機構)
57 磁界発生部
58 支持部材
O2 軸線
61 電解加工装置
67 磁界発生部
71 電解加工装置
73 検出部
74 位置ずれ制御部
81 電解加工装置
83 撓み量低減機構
85 撓み量制御部
87 補助磁界発生部
89 磁石
91 電解加工装置
93 撓み量低減機構
94 往復機構
97 補助磁界発生部
99 磁石
100 被加工材
100a 先端
101 加工孔
Claims (12)
- 筒状をなして延在し、可撓性を有する導電性材料からなり、内側を基端側から先端側に向かって電解液が流通する電極と、
前記電極に対して該電極の延在方向に電流を流通させる電流供給部と、
前記電極に対して前記延在方向に交差する方向に磁界を印加する磁界発生部と、
を備える電解加工装置。 - 前記磁界発生部が、対向して配置された少なくとも一対の磁石を有する請求項1に記載の電解加工装置。
- 前記磁界発生部を前記一対の磁石の対向方向に直交する方向に移動可能とする第一移動機構をさらに備える請求項2に記載の電解加工装置。
- 前記磁界発生部を前記一対の磁石の対向方向に直交する方向に延びる軸線回りに回転移動可能とする回転機構をさらに備える請求項2又は3に記載の電解加工装置。
- 前記磁界発生部における前記一対の磁石を支持し、前記軸線回りに環状に形成されたリングガイドを有する支持部材をさらに備える請求項4に記載の電解加工装置。
- 前記磁界発生部は、前記電極を挟み込むように配置された前記一対の磁石が、該電極を取り囲むように環状に複数配列されてなり、
前記一対の磁石はそれぞれ電磁石であって、
前記一対の磁石毎に発生する磁界の大きさの制御を行う磁界制御部をさらに有する請求項2又は3に記載の電解加工装置。 - 前記磁界発生部の前記一対の磁石同士を、近接及び離間させる第二移動機構をさらに備える請求項2から4のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工装置。
- 前記電流供給部から前記電極に流通させる前記電流の大きさを制御する電流制御部をさらに備える請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工装置。
- 前記電極の前記延在方向に交差する方向に互いに間隔をあけて前記電極が複数配置され、
前記複数の電極の各々に対して前記延在方向に異なる位置で前記磁界を印加するように前記磁界発生部が配置される請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工装置。 - 前記電極の位置を検出する検出部と、
前記検出部からの入力と予め設定された目標加工位置との差分を演算して、前記差分を低減するように前記磁界の大きさを変化させる位置ずれ制御部とをさらに備える請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工装置。 - 前記電極に対して前記延在方向に交差する方向に磁界を印加する補助磁界発生部と、前記電極の撓み量を演算して、該撓み量を低減するように前記補助磁界発生部から印加される磁界の大きさを変化させる撓み量制御部とを有する撓み量低減機構をさらに備える請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工装置。
- 前記電極に対して前記延在方向に交差する方向に磁界を印加する補助磁界発生部と、前記補助磁界発生部を前記電極の前記延在方向に沿って往復動させる往復機構とを有する撓み量低減機構をさらに備える請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工装置。
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- 2012-10-10 JP JP2012224973A patent/JP5984611B2/ja active Active
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2013
- 2013-10-09 CN CN201380051503.5A patent/CN104718043B/zh active Active
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US11241751B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2022-02-08 | General Electric Company | Drilling tool for use in machining a conductive work piece |
Also Published As
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JP2014076506A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
DE112013004957T5 (de) | 2015-06-25 |
JP5984611B2 (ja) | 2016-09-06 |
CN104718043B (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
US20150251262A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
DE112013004957B4 (de) | 2023-06-29 |
KR101704314B1 (ko) | 2017-02-07 |
CN104718043A (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
KR20150046342A (ko) | 2015-04-29 |
US9943919B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
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