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  • C07C255/57—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing cyano groups and carboxyl groups, other than cyano groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
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  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
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  • A61K31/275—Nitriles; Isonitriles
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07J—STEROIDS
  • C07J63/00—Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by expansion of only one ring by one or two atoms
  • C07J63/008—Expansion of ring D by one atom, e.g. D homo steroids
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  • C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs

Definitions

• the present invention relates to polymorphic forms of a triterpenoid compound, ethyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoIeana-l,9(ll)-dien-28-oate (CDDO ethyl ester), and methods of using at least one of them in treating a variety of disease states, generally associated with inflammation.
• CDDO ethyl ester ethyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoIeana-l,9(ll)-dien-28-oate
• Triterpenoids are biosynthesized in plants by the cyclization of squalene. Although being candidates for medicinal use, these naturally occurring molecules display relatively weak biological activity. Accordingly, chemists have sought to synthesize analogues of enhanced potency (Honda et al, 1997 & 1998).
• CDDO ethyl ester depicted in Formula I
• the present inventors investigated polymorphic forms of the compound. Consequently, the inventors discovered three polymorphic forms of CDDO ethyl ester, that have such advantageous properties (e.g., better pharmacokinetic profiles and greater systemic exposure) that make them ideal candidates for drug development.
• the present invention provides polymorphs of the compound of Formula I, and/or hydrates or solvates thereof
• these polymorphs include at least two substantially pure crystalline forms and one substantially pure glassy solid form of the compound of Formula I.
• these two crystalline forms are designated herein as Form I and Form II.
• the polymorph is a glassy solid form of the compound of Formula I and characterized having a Tg about 52 °C ⁇ 10°C.
• the polymorph is a glassy solid form of the compound of Formula I and characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having a characteristic peak at diffraction angles 2 ⁇ of approximately 14.3°.
• a glassy solid form of the compound of Formula I is characterized by a purity of >85% (i.e., at least 85%). In yet still some embodiments, the purity is at least 95% or 99%.
• the polymorph is a crystalline polymorph form I of the compound of Formula I and characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks at diffraction angles 2 ⁇ of approximately 10.3°, 14.1° and 14.6°.
• the polymorph is a crystalline polymorph form I of the compound of Formula I and characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks at diffraction angles 2 ⁇ of approximately 10.3°, 14.1° , 14.6°, 15.8°, 16.6° and 19.6°.
• the polymorph is a crystalline polymorph form I of the compound of Formula I and characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks, expressed in terms of the interplanar distance, at 8.6A, 6.3A and 6.1 A.
• the polymorph is a crystalline polymorph form I of the compound of Formula I and characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks, expressed in terms of the interplanar distance, at 8.6A, 6.3A, 6.1A, 5.6A, 5.3A and 4.5 A.
• crystalline Form I of the compound of Formula I is characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks at diffraction angles 2 ⁇ of approximately 10.3°, 14.1°, 14.6°, 15.7°, and 16.6°.
• crystalline Form I of the compound of Formula I has additional characteristic peaks at diffraction angles 2 ⁇ of approximately 9.3° and 19.6°, in its X-ray powder diffraction pattern.
• crystalline Form I of the compound of Formula I is characterized by a melting point of 174-177 °C.
• crystalline Form I of the compound of Formula I is characterized by a purity of >85% (i.e., at least 85%). In yet still some embodiments, the purity is at least 95% or 99%.
• Still another subset of the embodiments of the polymorphs of this invention are of crystalline Form II.
• crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I is characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks at diffraction angles 2 ⁇ of approximately 10.4°, 12.1° and 13.4°.
• crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I has additional characteristic peaks at diffraction angles 2 ⁇ of approximately 15.4°, 17.8° and 18.8°, in its X-ray powder diffraction pattern.
• crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I is characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peak, expressed in terms of the interplanar distance, at 8.5A, 7.3A and 6.6A.
• crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I has additional characteristic peaks, expressed in terms of the interplanar distance, at 5.7A, 5.0A and 4.7A.
• crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I is characterized by a melting point of 209-212 °C.
• crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I has a purity of not less than 85% (e.g., at least 95% or at least 99%>).
• the invention also relates to methods for making crystalline polymorphs of the compound of Formula I.
• An embodiment of the method includes the steps of slurrying excess amount of the compound in a solvent of CH 2 CI 2 , ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, heptane, or a mixture thereof, for at least 24 hours, and recovering the resulted crystalline polymorph or a glassy solid form.
• the resultant crystalline forms can be either Form I or Form II.
• the compound of Formula I is slurried in the mixed solvant at the room temperature or at 50 °C.
• the compound of Formula I is slurried in the solvent for at least 48 hours.
• the solvent can be an ethyl acetate/heptane mixture, a ethanol/ heptane mixture.
• the ethyl acetate/heptane mixture can have ethyl acetate and heptane in the ratio of 1 : 10 (weight by weight or volum by volum).
• crystallizing the compound of Formula I from a suitable solvent system comprising at least one solvent can be achieved by methods of spontaneous precipitation (evaporation), cooling, or adding anti-solvent (in which the compound of the present invention has relatively lower solubility), in order to achieve oversaturation in a solvent system. Crystallization also can be achieved by using or not using crystal seeds that is suitable for crystallizing the compound of the present invention.
• the compound of Formula I of this invention is dissolved in the solvent heptane at the room temperature, followed by a spontaneous precipitation to obtain the desired crystalline Form I, with the melting point of 174-177 °C.
• a slurry suspension of excess amount of the compound of Formula I of this invention is stirred in the mixed solvent of ethyl acetat/heptane (1 : 10 weight by weight or volum by volum ) at the room temperature or 50 °C for at least 48 hours, to obtain crystalline Form II, with the melting point of 209-212 °C.
• a slurry suspension of excess amount of the compound of Formula I of this invention is dissolved in the solvent of dichloromethane at the room temperature or 50 °C , followed by evaporation of solvent to give a glassy solid form of the compound of Formula I with a Tg in a range of 52 °C ⁇ 10°C.
• the present invention further provides uses of the polymorphs of the compound of Formula I (including crystalline Forms I and II and the glassy solid form) for treating physical disorders or conditions, particularly those associated with inflammation, or for manufacturing medicament for treating physical disorders or conditions, e.g., those involving acute or chronic oxidative stress and inflammation, particularly those characterized in part by over expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or inducible cyclooxygenase-(COX-2) .
• iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase
• COX-2 inducible cyclooxygenase
• the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions or medicaments each comprising at least a therapeutically effective amount of crystalline Form I or Form II or the glassy solid form of the present invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, adjuvant or carrier.
• the compositions or medicament can further include at least one additional active ingredient.
• compositions or medicaments of this invention can be in a form or formulation appropriate for the condition or disease to be treated (e.g., in a tablet or capsule), and can be administered in the manner known in the art, e.g., orally.
• compositions or medicaments of this invention can include 1-99 wt% (e.g., 1-70 wt%, 10-30 wt%, ) of a polymorph of the compound of Formula I (e.g., crystalline Form I, crystalline Form II, or glassy solid form).
• 1-99 wt% e.g., 1-70 wt%, 10-30 wt%,
• a polymorph of the compound of Formula I e.g., crystalline Form I, crystalline Form II, or glassy solid form.
• polymorphs of this invention are substantially or approximately pure.
• substantially pure or approximately pure refers to at least 85 wt% (e.g., at least 95 wt% or at least 99 wt%) of the compound of Formula I exists in a polymorph the present invention, particularly in crystalline Form I or Form II.
• the X-ray powder diffraction pattern shown as in Figure 1 refers to the X-ray powder diffraction pattern that show major peaks as in Figure 1, wherein major peaks refer to those with the relative intensity greater than 10%, preferably greater than 30%, relative to the highest peak (with its relative intensity designated to be 100%) in Figure 1.
• the X-ray powder diffraction pattern shown as in Figure 2 refers to the X-ray powder diffraction pattern that show major peaks as in Figure 2, wherein major peaks refer to those with the relative intensity greater than 10%, preferably greater than 30%, relative to the highest peak (with its relative intensity designated to be 100%) in Figure 2, respectively.
• the present invention also provides the use of the compound of Formula I, or a polymorph or form selected from Crystalline Form I, Crystalline Form II, the glassy solid form, thereof, in manufacturing a medicament for inhibiting IFN-y-induced NO production in macrophages, or for the treatment of cancer, or for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition with an inflammatory component, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, a cardiovascular disease, diabetes, one or more complications associated with diabetes wherein the complications are selected from the group consisting of obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, nephropathy, neuropathy, myonecrosis, retinopathy and metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), or a combination of two or more thereof.
• the term "therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of a compound that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease, or at least one of the clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder, is sufficient to affect such treatment for the disease, disorder, or symptom.
• the "therapeutically effective amount'" can vary with the compound, the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, severity of the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, the age of the subject to be treated, and/or the weight of the subject to be treated. An appropriate amount in any given instance can be apparent to those skilled in the art or can be determined by routine experiments.
• the term "therapeutically effective amount” refers to the total amount of the combination objects for the effective treatment of a disease, a disorder or a condition.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the present invention can be administrated via oral, inhalation, rectal, parenteral or topical administration to a subject who needs treatment.
• the pharmaceutical composition may be a regular solid formulation such as tablets, powder, granule, capsules and the like, a liquid formulation such as water or oil suspension or other liquid formulation such as syrup, solution, suspension or the like; for parenteral administration, the pharmaceutical
• composition may be solution, water solution, oil suspension concentrate, lyophilized powder or the like.
• formulation of the pharmaceutical composition is selected from tablet, coated tablet, capsule, suppository, nasal spray or injection, more preferably tablet or capsule.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be a single unit administration with an accurate dosage.
• the pharmaceutical composition may further comprise additional active ingredients.
• compositions of the present invention can be produced by the conventional methods in the pharmaceutical field.
• the active ingredient can be mixed with one or more excipients, then to make the desired formulation.
• the "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to conventional pharmaceutical carriers suitable for the desired pharmaceutical formulation, for example: a diluent, a vehicle such as water, various organic solvents, etc, a filler such as starch, sucrose, etc; a binder such as cellulose derivatives, alginates, gelatin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); a wetting agent such as glycerol; a disintegrating agent such as agar, calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate; an absorption enhancer such as quaternary ammonium compound; a surfactant such as hexadecanol; an absorption carrier such as Kaolin and soap clay; a lubricant such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, etc.
• the vehicle such as water, various organic
• composition further comprises other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as a decentralized agent, a stabilizer, a thickener, a complexing agent, a buffering agent, a permeation enhancer, a polymer, aromatics, a sweetener, and a dye.
• excipient is suitable for desired formulation and administration type.
• solvate refers to the chemical entity formed by the interaction of a solvent and a compound. Suitable solvates are pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, such as hydrates, including monohydrates and hemi-hydrates.
• an active ingredient is used to indicate a chemical entity which has biological activity.
• an “active agent” is a compound having pharmaceutical utility.
• an active agent may be an anti-cancer therapeutic.
• disease or “disorder” or “condition” refers to any disease, discomfort, illness, symptoms or indications.
• Figure 1 shows the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Crystalline Form I of the compound of Formula I
• Figure 2 shows the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I
• Figure 3 shows the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the glassy solid form of the compound of Formula I.
• Figure 4 shows the Heat Flow (w/g) of a glassy solid form.
• Figure 5 shows the inhibitory effect of Crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I (CDDO ethyl ester) against the nitric oxide production induced by IFN-g in mouse macrophages 17.
• the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns shown as in Figure 1, 2, 3 were generated on a PANalytical X-ray Diffraction System with Empyrean console.
• the diffraction peak positions were calibrated by single crystal silicon which has a 2 ⁇ value of 28.443 degree.
• the K- Alpha radiation of an Empyrean Cu LEF X-ray tube was used as the light source of the X-ray.
• Figure 3 shows the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the glassy solid form of the compound of Formula I.
• Figure 4 shows the Heat Flow (w/g) of a glassy solid form.
• mice Female CD-I mice were injected ip with 10 mg/kg of the three polymorphs of the compound of Formula I (CDDO ethyl) and methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoIeana- 1 ,9(1 l)-dien- 28-oate (CDDO methyl ) in DMSO-cremphor-PBS (1 : 1 :8 weight by weight or volum by volum). Blood samples were collected at 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1 , 2, 4, 8, and 24 hr post-dose. The levels were quantified by HPLC/MS using compound add to control blood for standard. PK results are shown at Table 3.
• Crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I prepared as described in Example 3, was test at 25 °C/60% R.H. and 40 °C/75% R.H. There was no significant change of XRD of all the samples.
• Other polymorphs of this invention were used similar in the study. Compared to other polymorphs of this invention, crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I was demonstrated to be the most thermodynamically stable crystal form in this study.
• the glassy solid Form of the compound of Formula I, prepared as described in Example 4, was test at 25 °C/60% R.H. and 40 °C/75% R.H for one week. There was no significant change of XRD of all the samples.
• the cells were seeded at 1 ⁇ 10 5 /well onto 96-well cell culture plate.
• the inhibitory activities [as measured by the IC 50 (nM) value] of Crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I (CDDO ethyl ester) on NO production induced by IFN-g in mouse macrophages 17 are shown in Figure 5.
• the IC 50 of the Crystalline Form II of the compound of Formula I (CDDO ethyl ester) was 34 nM.
• the IC 50 of the glassy solid form of the compound of Formula I (CDDO ethyl ester) was 32 nM.

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