WO2014046247A1 - 1型tnf受容体と2型tnf受容体の存在バランスを調節する合成ペプチド及びその利用 - Google Patents
1型tnf受容体と2型tnf受容体の存在バランスを調節する合成ペプチド及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014046247A1 WO2014046247A1 PCT/JP2013/075536 JP2013075536W WO2014046247A1 WO 2014046247 A1 WO2014046247 A1 WO 2014046247A1 JP 2013075536 W JP2013075536 W JP 2013075536W WO 2014046247 A1 WO2014046247 A1 WO 2014046247A1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/715—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons
- C07K14/7151—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons for tumor necrosis factor [TNF], for lymphotoxin [LT]
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/10—Peptides having 12 to 20 amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/177—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- A61K38/1793—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/001—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof by chemical synthesis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a material and method for regulating the balance of type 1 TNF receptor (TNF-R1) and type 2 TNF receptor (TNF-R2) present in the cell membrane of a target cell.
- the present invention relates to a synthetic peptide used for the regulation and use thereof. Note that this application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-207419 filed on September 20, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. ing.
- TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
- TNF- ⁇ TNF- ⁇
- TNF- ⁇ TNF- ⁇
- LT- ⁇ Tumor Necrosis Factor
- TNF- ⁇ is a cytokine produced mainly in immune system cells. It is.
- TNF- ⁇ is produced mainly in macrophages and exhibits various physiological actions such as formation of microthrombi and induction of apoptosis. It is also known that excessive production (expression) of TNF- ⁇ leads to diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- TNF-R1 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1
- TNF-R2 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2
- TNF receptors are known to cause different physiological actions. For example, in a test using TNF-R1 knockout mice and TNF-R2 knockout mice, arteriogenesis in the upper limbs and angiogenesis in the lower limbs are increased in the TNF-R1 knockout mice and conversely decreased in the TNF-R2 knockout mice. It has been reported (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, it has been reported that the progression of glaucoma is slower in TNF-R2 knockout mice than in wild-type mice (S. McKinnon et al., “Neuroinflammation in glaucoma”, XIX Biennial Meeting of the International Society for EYE RESEARCH, July 18-23, 2010).
- Non-Patent Document 2 TNF- ⁇ mediated by TNF-R2 is involved in the degeneration of the photoreceptor due to retinal detachment, whereas TNF-R1 deficiency does not significantly affect the degeneration of such a photoreceptor.
- TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 are receptors that induce different physiological activities while being both TNF receptors.
- the physiological action mediated by TNF for example, TNF- ⁇
- TNF- ⁇ the physiological action mediated by TNF
- TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 the balance of the abundance (eg, expression balance) of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 is regulated in the target biological organ, tissue, or site (more microscopically speaking, cells existing in the organ, tissue, or site). If it can, the desired physiological action is expressed (or enhanced) in the living organ, tissue or part, or the undesirable physiological action is not expressed (or suppressed) in the living organ, tissue or part, Is possible.
- the TNF-R2 ratio (expression ratio) of TNF receptors present (or expressed) in cells (cell membranes) present in the target tissue or site is higher than usual.
- the abundance rate (expression rate) is increased, arterial and other angiogenesis in the tissue or site can be promoted.
- the presence ratio (expression ratio) of TNF receptor in photoreceptor cells and ganglion cells existing in the retina is made lower than the normal ratio (expression ratio) of TNF-R2. It is possible to suppress apoptosis of photoreceptor cells and the like by adjusting to.
- Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that in experiments using transgenic mice lacking the TNF-R1 gene, the production of amyloid ⁇ was inhibited and plaque formation of amyloid ⁇ in the brain was reduced. Are listed. This is because the TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 balance is changed in the brain, and the TNF-R2 abundance (expression rate) is specifically increased to specifically increase the TNF (mainly TNF- ⁇ ) TNF-
- the binding to R1 can be competitively inhibited, and as a result, it is expected to contribute to the treatment and improvement of Alzheimer's disease.
- insulin resistance is expected to be improved by competitively blocking the binding of TNF (mainly TNF- ⁇ ) to TNF-R1.
- the present invention provides a balance between the presence of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in at least one cell present in a desired living organ, tissue, or site in vivo or in vitro (for example, It is an invention created for the purpose of providing a method for adjusting (expression balance) and a material (pharmaceutical composition) used in the method.
- At least one existing in a predetermined living organ, tissue, or site in a living body typically a human or a non-human mammal
- a living body typically a human or a non-human mammal
- TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in a cell of a species that can express both type 1 TNF receptor (TNF-R1) and type 2 TNF receptor (TNF-R2)
- TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 ie
- the regulatory method disclosed herein is (1) when increasing the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 present in the cells present in a predetermined living organ, tissue or site, at least one kind A signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 or an amino acid sequence formed by substitution, deletion and / or addition of one or several amino acid residues in the sequence (hereinafter referred to as “modified amino acid sequence for the signal peptide sequence”) A synthetic peptide substantially composed of “.” Is also supplied to the cells.
- TNF-R2 signal peptide sequence when reducing the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 present in the cells existing in a predetermined living organ, tissue or site, at least one TNF-R2 signal peptide sequence or Substantially from an amino acid sequence formed by substitution, deletion and / or addition of one or several amino acid residues in the sequence (hereinafter also referred to as “modified amino acid sequence” for the signal peptide sequence).
- a synthetic peptide constructed in (1) is supplied to the cells.
- the living organs, tissues, and parts used in the regulation method of the present invention are each derived from a predetermined living body (typically a human or a non-human mammal) for performing the method in vitro. Collected cultured organs (which may be organs), cultured tissues, cultured cells (for example, cultured cultures or cell masses in which cultured cells are dispersed) are included.
- the present inventor supplied a synthetic peptide consisting of a signal peptide sequence of a protein constituting a TNF receptor to various cultured cells. As a result, between the signal peptide derived from TNF-R1 and the signal peptide derived from TNF-R2. Thus, the present inventors have found that the effect on the abundance (typically the expression level) of TNF-R2 is completely different, and have completed the present invention. That is, in the regulation method disclosed herein, the amount of TNF-R2 in cells present in the target organ, tissue, or site can be increased by performing the treatment (1). As a result, the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 can be increased.
- the amount of TNF-R2 in cells present in the target organ, tissue, or site can be reduced by applying the treatment (2).
- the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 can be reduced.
- the presence balance of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in the cell of interest is synthesized based on the signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 or its modified amino acid sequence. It can be easily regulated (controlled) by supplying to the cell either a peptide or a signal peptide sequence of TNF-R2 or a synthetic peptide composed mainly of its modified amino acid sequence.
- the regulation method disclosed here affects various diseases involving TNF by affecting the balance of the presence of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, more specifically, the ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1. It can contribute to the treatment or improvement of injury (for example, various vascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease).
- the regulatory method disclosed herein is a research and development field (for example, medicine, pharmacy, genetics, biochemistry, biology) aimed at improving diseases (disorders) involving TNF-R1 and TNF-R2.
- diseases disorders
- TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 diseases involving TNF-R1 and TNF-R2.
- the target tissue or site when transplanting a tissue or cell that has undergone such treatment in vitro
- Arterial and other angiogenesis can be enhanced.
- the treatment of (2) above which reduces the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1
- the treatment of (2) above is applied to photoreceptor cells and ganglion cells present in the retina.
- apoptosis of photoreceptor cells and the like can be suppressed.
- the ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 in the central nervous system cells in the brain and spinal cord By elevating it, it is possible to competitively block the binding of TNF (mainly TNF- ⁇ ) to TNF-R1, thereby realizing treatment and improvement of Alzheimer's disease.
- TNF mainly TNF- ⁇
- cells constituting the nervous system typically nerve cells, glial cells, or neural stem cells
- the cells are used as the cells.
- the present invention also provides a synthetic peptide used in the modulation method disclosed herein and a composition comprising the synthetic peptide as a component. That is, one composition disclosed herein is a composition that increases the abundance of TNF-R2 in a cell capable of expressing at least one TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, and includes at least one kind.
- a synthetic peptide substantially composed of a signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 or an amino acid sequence formed by substitution, deletion and / or addition of one or several amino acid residues in the sequence;
- a composition for increasing the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 in the cell comprising a carrier that is pharmaceutically acceptable.
- the present invention provides, as another aspect, the treatment (1) described above using the pharmaceutical composition (that is, the synthetic peptide contained in the composition).
- the present invention increases the abundance of the TNF-R2, characterized in that the treatment (1) is carried out using such a pharmaceutical composition (that is, the synthetic peptide contained in the composition).
- a method for producing a cell Provided is a method for producing a cell.
- compositions disclosed herein are a composition that reduces the abundance of TNF-R2 in a cell capable of expressing both at least one TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, comprising: A synthetic peptide substantially composed of one TNF-R2 signal peptide sequence or an amino acid sequence formed by substitution, deletion and / or addition of one or several amino acid residues in the sequence; A composition for reducing the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 in the cells, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the treatment (2) can be performed.
- the present invention performs the treatment (2) using such a pharmaceutical composition (that is, the synthetic peptide contained in the composition), in vivo or in vitro.
- a pharmaceutical composition that is, the synthetic peptide contained in the composition
- the present invention provides a method for reducing the abundance of TNF-R2 in cells capable of expressing at least one TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 present in a predetermined living organ, tissue or site.
- the present invention reduces the abundance of the TNF-R2, characterized in that the treatment (2) is performed using such a pharmaceutical composition (ie, the synthetic peptide contained in the composition).
- a method for producing a cell is provided.
- the signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 is preferably the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5.
- the signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 derived from human (SEQ ID NO: 1), mouse (SEQ ID NO: 2), rat (SEQ ID NO: 3), bovine (SEQ ID NO: 4), pig (SEQ ID NO: 5), The process (1) can be suitably performed.
- the signal peptide sequence of TNF-R2 is preferably the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 6 to 8.
- the synthetic peptide used in the practice of the present invention is preferably a chemically synthesized peptide having a total number of amino acid residues of 25 or less.
- FIG. 1 shows TNF-R1 and TNF of cultured cells derived from mice based on the fluorescent antibody method performed using an anti-TNF-R1 polyclonal antibody and an anti-TNF-R2 polyclonal antibody (primary antibody) and a fluorescent dye-labeled secondary antibody.
- 10 is a graph showing the result of examining the existence balance of -R2.
- FIG. 2 shows TNF-R1 and TNF of human-derived cultured cells based on the fluorescent antibody method performed using an anti-TNF-R1 polyclonal antibody and an anti-TNF-R2 polyclonal antibody (primary antibody) and a fluorescent dye-labeled secondary antibody.
- 10 is a graph showing the result of examining the existence balance of -R2.
- amino acids are represented by one-letter code (in the sequence table, three-letter code) based on the nomenclature related to amino acids shown in the IUPAC-IUB guidelines.
- sequence table three-letter code
- “synthetic peptide” refers to a peptide produced by artificial chemical synthesis or biosynthesis (ie, production based on genetic engineering).
- the “peptide” is a term indicating an amino acid polymer having a plurality of peptide bonds, and is not limited by the number of amino acid residues contained in the peptide chain, but typically the total number of amino acid residues. Is a relatively small molecular weight such as 50 or less (for example, 25 or less).
- “amino acid residue” is a term encompassing the N-terminal amino acid and the C-terminal amino acid of a peptide chain, unless otherwise specified.
- modified amino acid sequence with respect to a predetermined amino acid sequence impairs the function of the predetermined amino acid sequence (ie, the function of increasing or decreasing the abundance (expression level) of TNF-R2).
- it means an amino acid sequence formed by substitution, deletion and / or addition (insertion) of one or several (for example, two or three) amino acid residues.
- sequences generated by so-called conservative amino acid replacement for example, basic amino acid residues are separated) in which one or several (typically 2 or 3) amino acid residues are conservatively substituted.
- Sequence substituted with a basic amino acid residue for example, mutual substitution of a lysine residue and an arginine residue), or one or several (typically 2 or 3) amino acids for a given amino acid sequence
- a sequence in which a residue is added (inserted) or deleted is a typical example included in the modified amino acid sequence referred to in the present specification. Therefore, a synthetic peptide (hereinafter also referred to as “TNF-R2 facilitating peptide”) that can increase the amount of TNF-R2 used in the modulation method disclosed herein, and the amount of TNF-R2 can be decreased.
- Synthetic peptides include, in addition to a synthetic peptide composed of the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence of each SEQ ID NO explained below, An amino acid sequence in which one or several (typically 2 or 3) amino acid residues are substituted (for example, the above-mentioned conservative substitution), deleted or added, and similarly increase the abundance of TNF-R2.
- Synthetic peptides consisting of modified amino acid sequences that have activity to reduce or reduce and that can regulate the balance of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 are included.
- polynucleotide is a term indicating a polymer (nucleic acid) in which a plurality of nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds, and is not limited by the number of nucleotides.
- Various lengths of DNA and RNA fragments are encompassed by the polynucleotides herein.
- the composition used in the regulation method disclosed herein is a composition containing the above TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide as an active ingredient.
- the TNF-R2 facilitating peptide disclosed here is a synthetic peptide that does not exist in nature in that it is a synthetic peptide substantially composed of the signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 or a modified amino acid sequence thereof. It can be said.
- a TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide can be said to be a synthetic peptide that does not exist in nature in that it is a synthetic peptide substantially composed of a signal peptide sequence of TNF-R2 or a modified amino acid sequence thereof.
- Table 1 shows preferred examples of amino acid sequences constituting the TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 inhibiting peptide disclosed herein.
- No. 1 to 5 are examples of a signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 suitable as a TNF-R2 promoting peptide.
- No. 6 to 8 are examples of a signal peptide sequence of TNF-R2 suitable as a TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide.
- the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is a signal peptide sequence of human TNF-R1.
- the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is the signal peptide sequence of mouse TNF-R1.
- the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is the signal peptide sequence of rat TNF-R1.
- the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 is the signal peptide sequence of bovine TNF-R1.
- the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 is the signal peptide sequence of porcine TNF-R1.
- the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 is a signal peptide sequence of human TNF-R2.
- the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 is a signal peptide sequence of mouse TNF-R2.
- the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 is the signal peptide sequence of rat TNF-R2.
- the TNF-R2 facilitating peptide and the TNF-R2 inhibiting peptide disclosed herein are preferably those in which at least one amino acid residue is amidated.
- amidating the carboxyl group of an amino acid residue typically the C-terminal amino acid residue of the peptide chain
- the structural stability eg, protease resistance
- the total number of amino acid residues constituting the peptide chain is suitably 50 or less, preferably 30 or less, and particularly preferably 25 or less.
- the number of amino acid residues of a general TNF-R1 or TNF-R2 signal peptide sequence falls within such a range.
- a peptide consisting only of the signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 or TNF-R2 or a modified amino acid sequence thereof is preferably used in the regulation method disclosed herein.
- the TNF-R2 facilitating peptide and TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide disclosed here have a signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 or TNF-R2 or a modified amino acid sequence thereof as a substantial constituent part of the peptide chain (the main constituent). As long as the target physiologically active function is not lost, it may be a peptide containing an amino acid residue other than the signal peptide sequence of TNF-R1 or TNF-R2 or its modified amino acid sequence. .
- Such a peptide having a short chain length is easy to chemically synthesize, and can easily provide a TNF-R2 promoting peptide and a TNF-R2 inhibiting peptide.
- the conformation (steric structure) of the peptide is not particularly limited as long as the desired activity is exhibited in the environment used (in vitro or in vivo). From the viewpoint of being difficult to form, a linear or helix type is preferable. A peptide having such a shape is also suitable from the viewpoint that it is difficult to constitute an epitope.
- all amino acid residues are preferably L-type amino acids, but some or all of the amino acid residues are converted to D-type amino acids. It may be substituted.
- the synthetic peptide disclosed here can be easily produced according to a general chemical synthesis method.
- any conventionally known solid phase synthesis method or liquid phase synthesis method may be employed.
- a solid phase synthesis method in which Boc (t-butyloxycarbonyl) or Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) is applied as an amino-protecting group is preferred.
- the synthetic peptide disclosed here is obtained by a solid phase synthesis method using a commercially available peptide synthesizer (for example, available from PerSeptive Biosystems, Applied Biosystems, etc.), and the desired amino acid sequence and modification (C-terminal).
- a peptide chain having a moiety such as amidation can be synthesized.
- a TNF-R2 promoting peptide or a TNF-R2 suppressing peptide may be biosynthesized based on a genetic engineering technique. That is, a polynucleotide (typically DNA) of a nucleotide sequence (including the ATG start codon) encoding the amino acid sequence of the desired peptide is synthesized. And it includes various regulatory elements (promoter, ribosome binding site, terminator, enhancer, and various cis elements that control the expression level) for expressing the synthesized polynucleotide (DNA) and the amino acid sequence in the host cell.
- a recombinant vector having a gene construct for expression consisting of) is constructed according to the host cell.
- This recombinant vector is introduced into a predetermined host cell by a general technique, and the host cell or a tissue or an individual containing the cell is cultured under a predetermined condition.
- the target TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide can be expressed and produced in the cell.
- the target TNF-R2 promoting peptide and TNF-R2 inhibiting peptide can be obtained by isolating and purifying the peptide from the host cell (in the medium if secreted).
- a method for constructing a recombinant vector and a method for introducing the constructed recombinant vector into a host cell a method conventionally used in the field may be employed as it is, and such method itself particularly characterizes the present invention. Since it is not a thing, detailed description is abbreviate
- a fusion protein expression system can be used for efficient mass production in a host cell. That is, a gene (DNA) encoding the amino acid sequence of the target TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide is chemically synthesized, and the synthetic gene is provided by an appropriate fusion protein expression vector (for example, provided by Novagen). It is introduced into a suitable site of GST (Glutathione S-transferase) fusion protein expression vectors) such as pET series and pGEX series provided by Amersham Biosciences. A host cell (typically E. coli) is transformed with the vector. The obtained transformant is cultured to prepare the desired fusion protein. The protein is then extracted and purified.
- a gene DNA
- the synthetic gene is provided by an appropriate fusion protein expression vector (for example, provided by Novagen). It is introduced into a suitable site of GST (Glutathione S-transferase) fusion protein expression vectors) such as pET series and pGE
- the obtained purified fusion protein is cleaved with a predetermined enzyme (protease), and the released target peptide fragment (designed TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 suppressing peptide) is recovered by a method such as affinity chromatography.
- a predetermined enzyme protease
- the released target peptide fragment designed TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 suppressing peptide
- affinity chromatography a method such as affinity chromatography.
- a template DNA for a cell-free protein synthesis system ie, a synthetic gene fragment containing a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of a TNF-R2 promoting peptide or a TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide
- the target peptide can be synthesized in vitro using a so-called cell-free protein synthesis system using (ATP, RNA polymerase, amino acids, etc.).
- cell-free protein synthesis systems for example, Shimizu et al. (Shimizu et al., Nature Biotechnology, 19, 751-755 (2001)), Madin et al. (Madin et al., Proc. Natl.
- a single-stranded or double-stranded polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a TNF-R2 facilitating peptide or a TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide disclosed herein and / or a nucleotide sequence complementary to the sequence is a conventionally known method. Can be easily manufactured (synthesized). That is, by selecting a codon corresponding to each amino acid residue constituting the designed amino acid sequence, a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 suppressing peptide can be easily determined and provided.
- a polynucleotide (single strand) corresponding to the desired nucleotide sequence can be easily obtained using a DNA synthesizer or the like. Furthermore, using the obtained single-stranded DNA as a template, various enzymatic synthesis means (typically PCR) can be employed to obtain the desired double-stranded DNA.
- the polynucleotide provided by the present invention may be in the form of DNA or RNA (such as mRNA). DNA can be provided as double-stranded or single-stranded.
- the polynucleotides provided by the present invention are recombinant genes (expression of TNF-R2 facilitating peptide or TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide produced in various host cells or in a cell-free protein synthesis system. Cassette) can be used as a material for constructing.
- the TNF-R2-promoting peptide or TNF-R2-inhibiting peptide disclosed here constitutes at least one TNF receptor-expressing target cell (typically a cell constituting the central or peripheral nervous system, or an immune system)
- the amount of TNF-R2 abundance (expression amount) can be selectively increased or decreased by acting on cells, blood vessels and other cells constituting the circulatory organ, cells constituting the retina and other eye tissues). Therefore, it can be suitably used as an active ingredient of a composition (pharmaceutical composition) that appropriately adjusts the balance of the presence of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 described above.
- These peptides may be in the form of a salt as long as the target physiological activity is not impaired.
- an acid addition salt of the peptide that can be obtained by addition reaction of an inorganic acid or an organic acid usually used according to a conventional method can be used.
- other salts for example, metal salts
- the “synthetic peptide” described in the present specification and claims includes such a salt form.
- composition for increasing or decreasing the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 disclosed here is a state in which the physiological activity of the TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide as the active ingredient is not lost.
- various carriers that are pharmaceutically (pharmaceutical) acceptable can be included depending on the form of use. Carriers generally used in peptide medicine as diluents, excipients and the like are preferred. Typically, water, a physiological buffer solution, and various organic solvents can be mentioned, although it may vary depending on the use and form.
- Non-drying oil such as an aqueous solution of alcohol (such as ethanol) of a suitable concentration, glycerol, olive oil. Or a liposome may be sufficient.
- flavor etc. are mentioned.
- compositions for increasing or decreasing the ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 include solutions, suspensions, emulsions, aerosols, foams, granules, powders, tablets, capsules, ointments And aqueous gel agents.
- it since it uses for injection etc., it can also be set as the freeze-dried material and granulated material for melt
- the organ, tissue or site to which the regulation method of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as cells capable of expressing TNF-R2 in addition to TNF-R1 exist in the application target.
- cells of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system such as the brain and spinal cord (for example, nerve cells (neurons) and glial cells), cells of the immune system (for example, various lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) , Monocytes), cells of the circulatory system including blood vessels (for example, cardiac muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells constituting the heart), retinal cells, and the like.
- the present invention can be applied to cancer cells (tumor cells) contained in various tumors (cancers).
- the present invention is applied to stem cells such as ES cells (embryonic stem cells), iPS cells (artificial pluripotent stem cells), fatty liver cells, cartilage stem cells, and other mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, etc. can do.
- stem cells such as ES cells (embryonic stem cells), iPS cells (artificial pluripotent stem cells), fatty liver cells, cartilage stem cells, and other mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, etc. can do.
- the TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide (or a composition containing any of these peptides) disclosed herein can be used in a method or dosage depending on the form and purpose.
- the target peptide may be added to the culture medium of the target cultured cell (cultured tissue or organ).
- the amount added and the number of times of addition are not particularly limited because they may vary depending on the type of culture, cell density (cell density at the start of culture), passage number, culture conditions, type of medium, etc.
- the peptide concentration in the medium is generally within the range of 0.1 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably within the range of 0.5 ⁇ M to 20 ⁇ M (eg, 1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M). It is preferable to add multiple times.
- the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 can be adjusted in the culture system.
- the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 is adjusted in a predetermined organ, tissue or site (or a tissue piece or a cell mass transplanted at a predetermined site) in vivo, that is, the abundance of TNF-R2
- the abundance of TNF-R2 to increase the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1
- intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal or intraperitoneal injection with an appropriate amount of TNF-R2 promoting peptide as a solution
- a desired amount can be administered to a patient (ie, in vivo).
- TNF-R2 when it is desired to reduce the abundance of TNF-R2 to reduce the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1, an appropriate amount of TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide may be administered in the same manner.
- a solid form such as a tablet or a gel or aqueous jelly such as an ointment can be directly administered to a predetermined tissue (that is, cells constituting the tissue).
- the addition amount and the number of additions are not particularly limited because they may differ depending on the type of cells for which the above-described balance is to be adjusted, the site where the cells exist, organs, tissues, and the like.
- the method of adjusting the existence balance of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 disclosed here is performed by performing either the process (1) or the process (2). That's fine.
- the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 with respect to TNF-R1 can be adjusted as appropriate by appropriately combining the processes (1) and (2) according to the purpose and time, while shifting the time.
- TNF-R2 promoting peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 shown in Table 1 above, the synthetic peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 (TNF-R2 promoting peptide), and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5
- a synthetic peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 (TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide), a synthetic peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 (TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide) Using a commercially available peptide synthesizer (product of Intavis AG), the solid phase synthesis method (Fmoc method) was carried out according to the manual.
- the synthesized peptides are referred to as samples 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 corresponding to the SEQ ID NOs. These peptides are linear chemically synthesized peptides consisting entirely of 21 (TNF-R2 promoting peptides according to samples 1, 2, 5) or 22 (TNF-R2 inhibitory peptides according to samples 6, 7). It is. In addition, since the usage mode itself of the peptide synthesizer does not characterize the present invention, a detailed description is omitted.
- ⁇ Test Example 2 Evaluation test of TNF-R2 expression promoting activity or inhibitory activity of each synthetic peptide using mouse-derived cell line> The performance of the peptides of Sample 1 and Sample 6 synthesized in Test Example 1 was examined using a cell line (Neuro2a strain) that is a cultured cell derived from neuroblastoma of the mouse spinal cord. A peptide-free group was provided as a control group. The details of this evaluation test are as follows. First, each peptide synthesized in Test Example 1 was dissolved in PBS (phosphate buffered saline) to prepare a stock solution (containing a small amount of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) having a peptide concentration of 1 mM.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the Neuro2a cell line was seeded in a culture dish having a diameter of 6 cm to a density of 8.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL.
- the medium was cultured overnight in a CO 2 incubator under conditions of 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 using a general DMEM medium (containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin). After the overnight culture, the medium was replaced with a DMEM medium containing 2% FBS, 20 ⁇ M retinoic acid, and 1% penicillin, and induction using retinoic acid was performed by culturing under the same conditions for 7 days.
- the medium is added to 2% FBS, 20 ⁇ M retinoic acid, 1% penicillin and 5 ⁇ M in a DMEM medium containing the TNF-R2 promoting peptide according to sample 1 or the TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide according to sample 6 (At this time, 12.5 ⁇ L of DMSO was included), and the culture was continued for 2 days under the same conditions.
- a DMEM medium containing 2% FBS, 20 ⁇ M retinoic acid, 1% penicillin
- TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in each test group were collected and dispensed into predetermined test tubes so that the number of cells was the same.
- the change in the balance of the presence of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in each test group was examined by the following fluorescent antibody method. Specifically, in each test group, the measurement of TNF-R1 is anti-TNF-R1 rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc product, SC-7895) at a final concentration of 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg / mL. And added to each test tube and incubated at 37 ° C. for a predetermined time.
- an anti-rabbit IgG antibody (goat: product of Invitrogen, A11034) labeled with a fluorescent dye (Alexa (registered trademark) 488) as a secondary antibody was added to a test tube at a final concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg / mL. And incubated at 37 ° C. for a predetermined time.
- anti-TNF-R2 goat polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, SC-1074) was added to each test tube so that the final concentration was 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg / mL. And incubated at 37 ° C. for a predetermined time.
- an anti-goat IgG antibody (donkey: Invitrogen product, A11055) labeled with a fluorescent dye (Alexa (registered trademark) 488) as a secondary antibody was added to a test tube at a final concentration of 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg / mL. And incubated at 37 ° C. for a predetermined time.
- the fluorescence intensity of the cells was measured using a flow cytometer (Millipore product, Guava (registered trademark) “easyCyte” 8HT). The results are shown in FIG. It should be noted that both the fluorescence intensity of TNF-R1 and the fluorescence intensity of TNF-R2 are shown as relative values with the fluorescence intensity of TNF-R1 or TNF-R2 in the control group (peptide-free group) being 1.
- TNF-R2-promoting peptide TNF-R1 signal peptide
- TNF-R1 signal peptide TNF-R1 signal peptide
- the amount of TNF-R1 was not significantly changed.
- the abundance (expression amount) of R2 was significantly increased.
- the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 could be significantly increased.
- the TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide signal peptide of TNF-R2
- the amount of TNF-R1 was not significantly changed, but TNF-R2 The abundance (expression level) was significantly reduced.
- TNF-R2 the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 could be significantly reduced.
- TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 the presence of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in the target cell type by using and properly using the TNF-R2 promoting peptide and TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide disclosed herein It turns out that the balance can be adjusted.
- ⁇ Test Example 3 Evaluation test of TNF-R2 expression promoting activity or inhibitory activity of each synthetic peptide using a human-derived cell line> The performance of each peptide synthesized in Test Example 1 was examined using a cell line (SK-N-SH line) which is a cultured cell derived from human neuroblastoma. A peptide-free group was provided as a control group. The details of this evaluation test are as follows. First, each peptide synthesized in Test Example 1 was dissolved in DMSO to prepare a stock solution having a peptide concentration of 4 mM.
- the medium is a general DMEM medium (containing 10% FBS (product of Hyclone, KSD), 2 mM L-glutamine, 50 units / mL penicillin, and 50 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin) at 37 ° C.
- the cells were cultured overnight in a CO 2 incubator under 5% CO 2 conditions. Since the cell density was low, the culture was continued for another day.
- DMEM medium containing 2% FBS, 20 ⁇ M retinoic acid, 2 mM L-glutamine, 50 units / mL penicillin, and 50 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin
- induction with retinoic acid was performed.
- a DMEM medium (2% FBS, 20 ⁇ M retinoic acid, 2 mM L-glutamine, 50 units / mL penicillin without the peptide and containing only the above amount of DMSO was added. , And 50 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin).
- TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in each test group were collected and dispensed into predetermined test tubes so that the number of cells was the same.
- the change in the balance of the presence of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in each test group was examined by the following fluorescent antibody method. Specifically, in each test group, the measurement of TNF-R1 is anti-TNF-R1 mouse polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc product, SC-52739) at a final concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg / mL. And added to each test tube, and incubated in ice-cooled for a predetermined time.
- an anti-mouse IgG antibody (goat: Invitrogen product, A10029) labeled with a fluorescent dye (Alexa (registered trademark) 488) as a secondary antibody was added to a test tube so that the final concentration was 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg / mL. And incubated for a predetermined time in ice-cooling.
- anti-TNF-R2 goat polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, SC-1074) was added to each test tube so that the final concentration was 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg / mL. Incubated for a predetermined time in ice-cooling.
- an anti-goat IgG antibody (Donkey: Invitrogen product, A21447) labeled with a fluorescent dye (Alexa (registered trademark) 647) as a secondary antibody was added to a test tube at a final concentration of 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg / mL. And incubated for a predetermined time in ice-cooling.
- TNF-R2 promoting peptide (TNF-R1 signal peptide) according to Sample 1
- Sample 2 or Sample 5 is added to a human-derived cell line (SK-N-SH line)
- TNF- Although the abundance of R1 did not change much, the abundance (expression amount) of TNF-R2 increased. As a result, the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 could be significantly increased.
- the TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide (TNF-R2 signal peptide) according to Sample 6 or Sample 7 is added to a human-derived cell line (SK-N-SH line), the amount of TNF-R1 is not so much.
- TNF-R2 Although there was no change, the abundance (expression level) of TNF-R2 decreased. As a result, the abundance ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1 could be significantly reduced. As is clear from the above results, the balance of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in various cell types can be obtained by using and properly using the TNF-R2 promoting peptide and TNF-R2 inhibitory peptide disclosed herein. Can be adjusted.
- ⁇ Test Example 4 Preparation of granules> 50 mg of each synthetic peptide (TNF-R2 promoting peptide or TNF-R2 suppressing peptide), 50 mg of crystallized cellulose and 400 mg of lactose were mixed, and 1 mL of a mixed solution of ethanol and water was added and kneaded. This kneaded product was granulated according to a conventional method to obtain a granule (granular composition) mainly composed of the TNF-R2 promoting peptide or the TNF-R2 inhibiting peptide disclosed herein.
- the present invention can contribute to the treatment or improvement of various diseases and injuries involving TNF by the influence of the ratio of TNF-R2 to TNF-R1.
- the present invention can be suitably practiced in the field of research and development aimed at improving diseases (disorders) involving TNF-R1 and TNF-R2.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本出願は2012年9月20日に出願された日本国特許出願2012-207419号に基づく優先権を主張しており、当該日本国出願の全内容は本明細書中に参照として援用されている。
かかるTNFが結合する受容体として、分子量が約55kDaの1型TNF受容体(Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1、以下「TNF-R1」と記載する場合がある。)、及び、分子量が約75kDaの2型TNF受容体(Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2、以下「TNF-R2」と記載する場合がある。)が存在する。
従って、対象とする生体器官、組織若しくは部位(より微視的にいえば該器官、組織若しくは部位に存在する細胞)においてTNF-R1とTNF-R2の存在量のバランス(例えば発現バランス)を調節することができれば、当該生体器官、組織若しくは部位において望ましい生理作用を発現させる(若しくは増進させる)こと、あるいは、当該生体器官、組織若しくは部位において望ましくない生理作用を発現させない(若しくは抑制させる)こと、が可能である。
また、非特許文献3には、TNF-R1の遺伝子を欠失させたトランスジェニックマウスを用いた実験において、アミロイドβの生成が阻害され、脳中でのアミロイドβのプラーク形成が減少したことが記載されている。このことは、脳内においてTNF-R1とTNF-R2との存在バランスを変化させ、TNF-R2の存在率(発現率)を特異的に増大させることによってTNF(主としてTNF-α)のTNF-R1への結合を競合的に阻むことができ、結果、アルツハイマー病の治療や改善に貢献することが期待される。併せてTNF(主としてTNF-α)のTNF-R1への結合を競合的に阻むことにより、インスリン抵抗性の改善も期待される。
そこで本発明は、生体内(in vivo)又は生体外(in vitro)において、所望する生体器官、組織若しくは部位に存在する少なくとも1種の細胞におけるTNF-R1とTNF-R2との存在バランス(例えば発現バランス)を調節する方法と、該方法に用いられる材料(薬剤組成物)を提供することを目的として創出された発明である。
即ち、ここで開示される調節方法は、(1)所定の生体器官、組織若しくは部位に存在する上記細胞に存在するTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を上昇させるときは、少なくとも1種のTNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列又は該配列中の1個又は数個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加されて形成されたアミノ酸配列(以下、該シグナルペプチド配列についての「改変アミノ酸配列」ともいう。)から実質的に構成される合成ペプチドを該細胞に供給する。
その一方、(2)所定の生体器官、組織若しくは部位に存在する上記細胞に存在するTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を低下させるときは、少なくとも1種のTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列又は該配列中の1個又は数個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加されて形成されたアミノ酸配列(以下、該シグナルペプチド配列についての「改変アミノ酸配列」ともいう。)から実質的に構成される合成ペプチドを該細胞に供給する。
なお、本発明の調節方法において用いられる上記生体器官、組織、部位には、それぞれ、生体外において該方法を実施するために所定の生体(典型的にはヒト、若しくはヒト以外の哺乳動物)から採取された培養器官(臓器であり得る)、培養組織、培養細胞(例えば培養細胞の分散した培養物や細胞塊)が包含される。
即ち、ここで開示される調節方法では、上記(1)の処理を施すことにより、対象とする器官、組織、又は部位に存在する細胞のTNF-R2の存在量を増大させることができる。その結果、TNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を上昇させることができる。
また、ここで開示される調節方法では、上記(2)の処理を施すことにより、対象とする器官、組織、又は部位に存在する細胞のTNF-R2の存在量を減少させることができる。その結果、TNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を低下させることができる。
このため、ここで開示される調節方法は、TNF-R1とTNF-R2の存在バランス、より具体的にはTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比が影響してTNFが関与する種々の疾病や傷害(例えば種々の血管疾患やアルツハイマー病)の治療若しくは改善に資することができる。また、ここで開示される調節方法は、TNF-R1やTNF-R2が関与する疾病(障害)を改善させることを目標とした研究開発分野(例えば医学、薬学、遺伝学、生化学、生物学に関連する分野。以下同じ。)において好適に実施することができる。
或いはまた、網膜剥離等の網膜疾患の場合には、網膜に存在する視細胞や神経節細胞に対し、TNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を低下させる上記(2)の処理を施すことにより、視細胞等のアポトーシスを抑制することができる。
或いはまた、脳内や脊髄の中枢神経系細胞(脳や脊髄を構成する神経細胞及び/又はグリア細胞、ならびにこれら細胞に分化する前の神経幹細胞)においてTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を上昇させることによってTNF(主としてTNF-α)のTNF-R1への結合を競合的に阻み、アルツハイマー病の治療や改善を実現することができる。
このように、ここで開示される調節方法の好適な一態様では、上記細胞として神経系を構成する細胞(典型的には神経細胞、グリア細胞、或いは神経幹細胞)を用いる。
即ち、ここで開示される一つの組成物は、少なくとも1種のTNF-R1及びTNF-R2をいずれも発現可能な細胞におけるTNF-R2の存在量を増大させる組成物であって、少なくとも1種のTNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列又は該配列中の1個又は数個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加されて形成されたアミノ酸配列から実質的に構成される合成ペプチドと、薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む、上記細胞におけるTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を上昇させるための組成物である。
かかる薬学的組成物(即ち該組成物に含まれる上記合成ペプチド)を用いることによって、上記(1)の処理を行うことができる。
従って、本発明は別の一側面として、かかる薬学的組成物(即ち該組成物に含まれる上記合成ペプチド)を用いて上記(1)の処理を行うことを特徴とする、生体内又は生体外において、所定の生体器官、組織若しくは部位に存在する少なくとも1種のTNF-R1及びTNF-R2をいずれも発現可能な細胞の該TNF-R2の存在量を増大させる方法を提供する。また、本発明は、かかる薬学的組成物(即ち該組成物に含まれる上記合成ペプチド)を用いて上記(1)の処理を行うことを特徴とする、該TNF-R2の存在量を増大させた細胞の製造方法を提供する。
かかる薬学的組成物(即ち該組成物に含まれる上記合成ペプチド)を用いることによって、上記(2)の処理を行うことができる。
従って、本発明は別の一側面として、かかる薬学的組成物(即ち該組成物に含まれる上記合成ペプチド)を用いて上記(2)の処理を行うことを特徴とする、生体内又は生体外において、所定の生体器官、組織若しくは部位に存在する少なくとも1種のTNF-R1及びTNF-R2をいずれも発現可能な細胞の該TNF-R2の存在量を減少させる方法を提供する。また、本発明は、かかる薬学的組成物(即ち該組成物に含まれる上記合成ペプチド)を用いて上記(2)の処理を行うことを特徴とする、該TNF-R2の存在量を減少させた細胞の製造方法を提供する。
また、本発明の実施においては、TNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列は配列番号6~8のいずれかに示すアミノ酸配列であることが好ましい。これら、ヒト(配列番号6)、マウス(配列番号7)、ラット(配列番号8)由来のTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列を用いることによって、上記(2)の処理を好適に行うことができる。
また、本発明の実施において用いられる合成ペプチドは、総アミノ酸残基数が25以下の化学合成ペプチドであることが好ましい。
また、本明細書中で引用されている全ての文献の全ての内容は本明細書中に参照として組み入れられている。
また、本明細書において「ペプチド」とは、複数のペプチド結合を有するアミノ酸ポリマーを指す用語であり、ペプチド鎖に含まれるアミノ酸残基の数によって限定されないが、典型的には全アミノ酸残基数が概ね50以下(例えば25以下)のような比較的分子量の小さいものをいう。
また、本明細書において「アミノ酸残基」とは、特に言及する場合を除いて、ペプチド鎖のN末端アミノ酸及びC末端アミノ酸を包含する用語である。
従って、ここで開示される調節方法に用いられる、TNF-R2の存在量を増大させ得る合成ペプチド(以下、「TNF-R2促進ペプチド」ともいう。)ならびにTNF-R2の存在量を減少させ得る合成ペプチド(以下、「TNF-R2抑制ペプチド」ともいう。)には、以下で説明する各配列番号のアミノ酸配列と同一のアミノ酸配列で構成される合成ペプチドに加え、各配列番号のアミノ酸配列において1個又は数個(典型的には2個又は3個)のアミノ酸残基が置換(例えば上記同類置換)、欠失若しくは付加したアミノ酸配列であって、同様にTNF-R2の存在量を増大させるか若しくは減少させる活性があり、TNF-R1とTNF-R2の存在バランスを調節し得る改変アミノ酸配列からなる合成ペプチドが包含される。
また、本明細書において「ポリヌクレオチド」とは、複数のヌクレオチドがリン酸ジエステル結合で結ばれたポリマー(核酸)を指す用語であり、ヌクレオチドの数によって限定されない。種々の長さのDNAフラグメント及びRNAフラグメントが本明細書におけるポリヌクレオチドに包含される。
上述のとおり、ここで開示されるTNF-R2促進ペプチドは、TNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列又はその改変アミノ酸配列から実質的に構成される合成ペプチドであるという点において、自然界には存在しない合成ペプチドといえる。同様に、TNF-R2抑制ペプチドは、TNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列又はその改変アミノ酸配列から実質的に構成される合成ペプチドであるという点において、自然界には存在しない合成ペプチドといえる。
ここで開示されるTNF-R2促進ペプチド若しくはTNF-R2抑制ペプチドを構成するアミノ酸配列の好適例を表1に示す。
具体的には、配列番号1に示すアミノ酸配列は、ヒトのTNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列である。配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列は、マウスのTNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列である。配列番号3に示すアミノ酸配列は、ラットのTNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列である。配列番号4に示すアミノ酸配列は、ウシのTNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列である。配列番号5に示すアミノ酸配列は、ブタのTNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列である。
他方、配列番号6に示すアミノ酸配列は、ヒトのTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列である。配列番号7に示すアミノ酸配列は、マウスのTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列である。配列番号8に示すアミノ酸配列は、ラットのTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列である。
また、使用する合成ペプチドとしては、ペプチド鎖を構成する全アミノ酸残基数が50以下が適当であり、30以下が望ましく、例えば25以下が特に好ましい。一般的なTNF-R1又はTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列のアミノ酸残基数はこのような範囲に収まる。TNF-R1若しくはTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列又はその改変アミノ酸配列のみから成るペプチドは、好適にここで開示される調節方法に用いられる。
なお、ここで開示されるTNF-R2促進ペプチド及びTNF-R2抑制ペプチドは、TNF-R1若しくはTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列又はその改変アミノ酸配列をペプチド鎖の実質的な構成部分(主体をなす構成部分)とするものであればよく、目的とする生理活性機能を失わない限りにおいてTNF-R1若しくはTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列又はその改変アミノ酸配列以外のアミノ酸残基を含むペプチドであってもよい。
このような鎖長の短いペプチドは、化学合成が容易であり、容易にTNF-R2促進ペプチド及びTNF-R2抑制ペプチドを提供することができる。なお、ペプチドのコンホメーション(立体構造)については、使用する環境下(生体外若しくは生体内)で目的の活性を発揮する限りにおいて、特に限定されるものではないが、免疫原(抗原)になり難いという観点から直鎖状又はへリックス状のものが好ましい。このような形状のペプチドはエピトープを構成し難いという観点からも好適である。
なお、ここで開示されるTNF-R2促進ペプチド又はTNF-R2抑制ペプチドとしては、全てのアミノ酸残基がL型アミノ酸であるものが好ましいが、アミノ酸残基の一部又は全部がD型アミノ酸に置換されているものであってもよい。
一般的な技法によって、この組換えベクターを所定の宿主細胞に導入し、所定の条件で当該宿主細胞又は該細胞を含む組織や個体を培養する。このことにより、目的とするTNF-R2促進ペプチド又はTNF-R2抑制ペプチドを細胞内で発現、生産させることができる。
そして、宿主細胞(分泌された場合は培地中)からペプチドを単離し、精製することによって、目的のTNF-R2促進ペプチド及びTNF-R2抑制ペプチドを得ることができる。なお、組換えベクターの構築方法及び構築した組換えベクターの宿主細胞への導入方法等は、当該分野で従来から行われている方法をそのまま採用すればよく、かかる方法自体は特に本発明を特徴付けるものではないため、詳細な説明は省略する。
或いは、無細胞タンパク質合成システム用の鋳型DNA(即ちTNF-R2促進ペプチド又はTNF-R2抑制ペプチドのアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む合成遺伝子断片)を構築し、ペプチド合成に必要な種々の化合物(ATP、RNAポリメラーゼ、アミノ酸類等)を使用し、いわゆる無細胞タンパク質合成システムを採用して目的のペプチドをインビトロ合成することができる。無細胞タンパク質合成システムについては、例えばShimizuらの論文(Shimizu et al., Nature Biotechnology, 19, 751-755(2001))、Madinらの論文(Madin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97(2), 559-564(2000))が参考になる。これら論文に記載された技術に基づいて、本願出願時点において既に多くの企業がペプチドの受託生産を行っており、また、無細胞タンパク質合成用キット(例えば、日本の東洋紡績(株)から入手可能なPROTEIOS(商標)Wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis kit)が市販されている。
本発明によって提供されるポリヌクレオチドは、DNAの形態であってもよく、RNA(mRNA等)の形態であってもよい。DNAは、二本鎖又は一本鎖で提供され得る。一本鎖で提供される場合は、コード鎖(センス鎖)であってもよく、それと相補的な配列の非コード鎖(アンチセンス鎖)であってもよい。
本発明によって提供されるポリヌクレオチドは、上述のように、種々の宿主細胞中で又は無細胞タンパク質合成システムにて、TNF-R2促進ペプチド又はTNF-R2抑制ペプチド生産のための組換え遺伝子(発現カセット)を構築するための材料として使用することができる。
このため、上述したTNF-R1とTNF-R2の存在バランスを適宜調節する組成物(薬学的組成物)の有効成分として好適に使用し得る。なお、これらペプチドは、目的とする生理活性を損なわない限りにおいて、塩の形態であってもよい。例えば、常法に従って通常使用されている無機酸又は有機酸を付加反応させることにより得られ得る該ペプチドの酸付加塩を使用することができる。或いは、他の塩(例えば金属塩)であってもよい。本明細書及び特許請求の範囲に記載の「合成ペプチド」は、かかる塩形態のものを包含する。
なお、TNF-R2促進ペプチド又はTNF-R2抑制ペプチド(主成分)及び種々の担体(副成分)を材料にして種々の形態の組成物(薬剤)を調製するプロセス自体は従来公知の方法に準じればよく、かかる製剤方法自体は本発明を特徴付けるものでもないため詳細な説明は省略する。処方に関する詳細な情報源として、例えばComprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Corwin Hansch監修,Pergamon Press刊(1990)が挙げられる。この書籍の全内容は本明細書中に参照として援用されている。
或いは、各種の腫瘍(癌)に含まれるがん細胞(腫瘍細胞)に対して本発明を適用することができる。
或いはまた、ES細胞(胚性幹細胞)、iPS細胞(人工多能性幹細胞)、脂肪肝細胞、軟骨幹細胞等の間葉系幹細胞、造血幹細胞、神経幹細胞、等の幹細胞に対して本発明を適用することができる。
例えば、生体外で培養している細胞(細胞塊)、組織、器官に対しては、対象とする培養細胞(培養組織又は器官)の培地に目的のペプチドを添加するとよい。添加量及び添加回数は、培養物の種類、細胞密度(培養開始時の細胞密度)、継代数、培養条件、培地の種類、等の条件によって異なり得るため特に限定されないが、ヒト或いはヒト以外の哺乳動物の細胞、組織等を培養する場合、培地中のペプチド濃度が概ね0.1μM~100μMの範囲内、好ましくは0.5μM~20μM(例えば1μM~10μM)の範囲内となるように、1~複数回添加することが好ましい。
ここで開示されるTNF-R2促進ペプチド又はTNF-R2抑制ペプチドをインビトロ培養系に添加することにより、当該培養系においてTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を調節することができる。
或いは、錠剤等の固体形態のものや軟膏等のゲル状若しくは水性ジェリー状のものを直接所定の組織(即ち該組織を構成している細胞)に投与することができる。なお、添加量及び添加回数は、上記存在バランスを調節したい細胞の種類、該細胞が存在する部位、器官、組織等の条件によって異なり得るため特に限定されない。
以下、本発明に関する試験例を説明するが、本発明をかかる例に示すものに限定することを意図したものではない。
上述した表1に示す配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなる合成ペプチド(TNF-R2促進ペプチド)と、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からなる合成ペプチド(TNF-R2促進ペプチド)と、配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなる合成ペプチド(TNF-R2促進ペプチド)と、配列番号6のアミノ酸配列からなる合成ペプチド(TNF-R2抑制ペプチド)と、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列からなる合成ペプチド(TNF-R2抑制ペプチド)とを市販のペプチド合成機(Intavis AG社製品)を用いてマニュアルどおりに固相合成法(Fmoc法)を実施して合成した。合成した各ペプチドを、配列番号に対応させてそれぞれサンプル1、2、5、6、7という。これらペプチドは、全体が21(サンプル1、2、5に係るTNF-R2促進ペプチド)若しくは22(サンプル6、7に係るTNF-R2抑制ペプチド)のアミノ酸残基から成る直鎖状の化学合成ペプチドである。なお、ペプチド合成機の使用態様自体は本発明を特徴付けるものではないため、詳細な説明は省略する。
上記試験例1において合成されたサンプル1およびサンプル6のペプチドの性能を、マウス脊髄の神経芽細胞腫由来の培養細胞である細胞株(Neuro2a株)を用いて調べた。コントロール区としてペプチド無添加区を設けた。本評価試験の詳細は以下のとおりである。
先ず、上記試験例1で合成した各ペプチドをPBS(リン酸緩衝生理食塩水)に溶かし、ペプチド濃度が1mMのストック液(少量のジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)を含む。)を調製した。
次に、Neuro2a細胞株を8.5×104cells/mLの密度に直径6cmの培養ディッシュに播種した。培地は一般的なDMEM培地(10%のFBS、1%ペニシリンを含有する。)を用い、37℃、5%CO2条件下のCO2インキュベータ内で一晩培養した。
その一晩培養後、培地を2%のFBS、20μMのレチノイン酸、1%のペニシリンを含有するDMEM培地に交換し、同条件で7日間培養することによってレチノイン酸を用いた誘導を行った。その後、培地を2%のFBS、20μMのレチノイン酸、1%のペニシリンに加えて5μMとなる量のサンプル1に係るTNF-R2促進ペプチド若しくはサンプル6に係るTNF-R2抑制ペプチドを含有するDMEM培地(このときDMSOを12.5μL含む。)に交換し、同条件で2日間培養を継続した。なお、コントロール区(ペプチド無添加区)においては、ペプチド無しで上記の量のDMSOだけ加えたDMEM培地(2%FBS、20μMレチノイン酸、1%ペニシリンを含む。)を用いて2日間の培養を行った。
具体的には、各試験区において、TNF-R1の測定は、抗TNF-R1ウサギポリクローナル抗体(Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc製品、SC-7895)を最終濃度:4×10-3mg/mLとなるように各試験管に添加し、37℃で所定時間インキュベートした。そして、二次抗体として蛍光色素(Alexa(登録商標)488)で標識した抗ウサギIgG抗体(ヤギ:Invitrogen社製品、A11034)を最終濃度:2×10-3mg/mLとなるように試験管に添加し、37℃で所定時間インキュベートした。
一方、TNF-R2の測定は、抗TNF-R2ヤギポリクローナル抗体(Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc製品、SC-1074)を最終濃度:4×10-3mg/mLとなるように各試験管に添加し、37℃で所定時間インキュベートした。そして、二次抗体として蛍光色素(Alexa(登録商標)488)で標識した抗ヤギIgG抗体(ロバ:Invitrogen社製品、A11055)を最終濃度:4×10-3mg/mLとなるように試験管に添加し、37℃で所定時間インキュベートした。
その一方で、サンプル6に係るTNF-R2抑制ペプチド(TNF-R2のシグナルペプチド)をマウス由来の細胞株(Neuro2a株)に添加すると、TNF-R1の存在量はあまり変化ないもののTNF-R2の存在量(発現量)が著しく減少した。これにより、TNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を著しく低下させることができた。
本試験例から明らかなように、ここで開示されるTNF-R2促進ペプチド、TNF-R2抑制ペプチドを使用し、また使い分けることによって、目的とする細胞種におけるTNF-R1とTNF-R2との存在バランスを調節することができるとわかった。
上記試験例1において合成した各ペプチドの性能を、ヒトの神経芽細胞腫由来の培養細胞である細胞株(SK-N-SH株)を用いて調べた。コントロール区としてペプチド無添加区を設けた。本評価試験の詳細は以下のとおりである。
先ず、上記試験例1で合成した各ペプチドをDMSOに溶かし、ペプチド濃度が4mMのストック液を調製した。
次に、SK-N-SH株を1.5×105cells/mLの密度に直径6cmの培養ディッシュに4mL播種した。培地は一般的なDMEM培地(10%のFBS(Hyclone社製品、KSD)、2mMのL-グルタミン、50ユニット/mLのペニシリン、及び50μg/mLのストレプトマイシンを含有する。)を用い、37℃、5%CO2条件下のCO2インキュベータ内で一晩培養した。細胞密度が低めであったため、更にもう一日培養を続けた。
その二晩培養後、新しいDMEM培地(2%のFBS、20μMのレチノイン酸、2mMのL-グルタミン、50ユニット/mLのペニシリン、及び50μg/mLのストレプトマイシンを含有する。)に交換し、同条件で5日間培養することによってレチノイン酸を用いた誘導を行った。
その後、2%のFBS、20μMのレチノイン酸、2mMのL-グルタミン、50ユニット/mLのペニシリン、50μg/mLのストレプトマイシンに加えて、5μMとなる量の上記試験例1で合成した各ペプチド(TNF-R2促進ペプチド若しくはTNF-R2抑制ペプチド)を含有するDMEM培地(このときDMSOを5μL含む。)に交換し、同条件で2日間培養を継続した。
なお、コントロール区(ペプチド無添加区)においては、ペプチド無しで上記の量のDMSOだけを加えたDMEM培地(2%のFBS、20μMのレチノイン酸、2mMのL-グルタミン、50ユニット/mLのペニシリン、及び50μg/mLのストレプトマイシンを含有する。)を用いて2日間の培養を行った。
具体的には、各試験区において、TNF-R1の測定は、抗TNF-R1マウスポリクローナル抗体(Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc製品、SC-52739)を最終濃度:2×10-3mg/mLとなるように各試験管に添加し、氷冷中で所定時間インキュベートした。そして、二次抗体として蛍光色素(Alexa(登録商標)488)で標識した抗マウスIgG抗体(ヤギ:Invitrogen社製品、A10029)を最終濃度:4×10-3mg/mLとなるように試験管に添加し、氷冷中で所定時間インキュベートした。
一方、TNF-R2の測定は、抗TNF-R2ヤギポリクローナル抗体(Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc製品、SC-1074)を最終濃度:4×10-3mg/mLとなるように各試験管に添加し、氷冷中で所定時間インキュベートした。そして、二次抗体として蛍光色素(Alexa(登録商標)647)で標識した抗ヤギIgG抗体(ドンキー:Invitrogen社製品、A21447)を最終濃度:4×10-3mg/mLとなるように試験管に添加し、氷冷中で所定時間インキュベートした。
その一方で、サンプル6若しくはサンプル7に係るTNF-R2抑制ペプチド(TNF-R2のシグナルペプチド)をヒト由来の細胞株(SK-N-SH株)に添加すると、TNF-R1の存在量はあまり変化ないもののTNF-R2の存在量(発現量)が減少した。これにより、TNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を著しく低下させることができた。
以上の結果から明らかなように、ここで開示されるTNF-R2促進ペプチド、TNF-R2抑制ペプチドを使用し、また使い分けることによって、種々の細胞種におけるTNF-R1とTNF-R2との存在バランスを調節することができる。
上記各合成ペプチド(TNF-R2促進ペプチド若しくはTNF-R2抑制ペプチド)50mgと結晶化セルロース50mg及び乳糖400mgとを混合した後、エタノールと水の混合液1mLを加え混練した。この混練物を常法に従って造粒し、ここで開示されるTNF-R2促進ペプチド若しくはTNF-R2抑制ペプチドを主成分とする顆粒剤(顆粒状組成物)を得た。
Claims (10)
- 生体外において、所定の生体器官、組織若しくは部位に存在する少なくとも1種の1型TNF受容体(TNF-R1)及び2型TNF受容体(TNF-R2)をいずれも発現可能な細胞の該TNF-R1とTNF-R2との存在バランスを調節する方法であって、
(1)該細胞に存在するTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を上昇させるときは、少なくとも1種のTNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列又は該配列中の1個又は数個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加されて形成されたアミノ酸配列から実質的に構成される合成ペプチドを該細胞に供給すること、
(2)該細胞に存在するTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を低下させるときは、少なくとも1種のTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列又は該配列中の1個又は数個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加されて形成されたアミノ酸配列から実質的に構成される合成ペプチドを該細胞に供給すること、
を特徴とする方法。 - 前記合成ペプチドは、総アミノ酸残基数が25以下である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記TNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列は、配列番号1~5のいずれかに示すアミノ酸配列である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記TNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列は、配列番号6~8のいずれかに示すアミノ酸配列である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞として神経系を構成する細胞を用いる、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の1型TNF受容体(TNF-R1)及び2型TNF受容体(TNF-R2)をいずれも発現可能な細胞におけるTNF-R2の存在量を増大させる組成物であって、
少なくとも1種のTNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列又は該配列中の1個又は数個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加されて形成されたアミノ酸配列から実質的に構成される合成ペプチドと、
薬学的に許容可能な担体と、
を含む、前記細胞におけるTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を上昇させるための組成物。 - 前記TNF-R1のシグナルペプチド配列が配列番号1~5のいずれかに示すアミノ酸配列である、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1種の1型TNF受容体(TNF-R1)及び2型TNF受容体(TNF-R2)をいずれも発現可能な細胞におけるTNF-R2の存在量を減少させる組成物であって、
少なくとも1種のTNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列又は該配列中の1個又は数個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加されて形成されたアミノ酸配列から実質的に構成される合成ペプチドと、
薬学的に許容可能な担体と、
を含む、前記細胞におけるTNF-R1に対するTNF-R2の存在比を低下させるための組成物。 - 前記TNF-R2のシグナルペプチド配列が配列番号6~8のいずれかに示すアミノ酸配列である、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ペプチドは、総アミノ酸残基数が25以下である、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
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