WO2014045942A1 - 充電制御装置及び充電制御方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2014045942A1 WO2014045942A1 PCT/JP2013/074394 JP2013074394W WO2014045942A1 WO 2014045942 A1 WO2014045942 A1 WO 2014045942A1 JP 2013074394 W JP2013074394 W JP 2013074394W WO 2014045942 A1 WO2014045942 A1 WO 2014045942A1
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- battery
- charging
- charging time
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
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- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charge control device and a charge control method.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a charge control device or a charge control method capable of charging a battery in a charging time so as not to give the user a sense of incongruity.
- the present invention calculates a charging power for charging the battery with the calculated allowable charging time with reference to a map showing a relationship between the battery state and the charging power of the battery corresponding to the charging time of the battery, and calculates the calculated charging power.
- the above problem is solved by controlling the output power of the charger.
- the charging power that terminates the charging in the allowable charging time is calculated, and the charging of the battery is controlled, so that the battery is not charged beyond the allowable charging time. This can prevent the user from feeling uncomfortable.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a charging system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the voltage characteristic of the highest voltage cell with respect to the charging current of the battery of FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the map recorded on the charge time calculating part of FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a map recorded in an allowable charging time calculation unit in FIG. 1. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the characteristic of the charging electric power calculated by the charging time calculating part of FIG. 1, and charging time, and allowable charging time.
- (a) is a graph showing the characteristic of the charging power with respect to the charging time
- (b) is a graph showing the characteristic of the battery temperature with respect to the charging time
- 2 is a graph showing characteristics of charging power with respect to charging time in the battery of FIG. 1. It is a flowchart which shows the control procedure of LBC of FIG. It is a block diagram of the charging system which concerns on the modification of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a charging system of a charging control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the charging system of this example is a system that charges a battery mounted on an electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, or the like.
- the charging control device is a part of the configuration of the charging system and is mounted on the vehicle or the like.
- the charging system of this example includes a charger 10, a battery 20, and an LBC 50.
- the battery 20 and the LBC 50 are mounted on the vehicle side.
- illustration is abbreviate
- the charger 10 is a charger that charges the battery 20, and is provided outside the vehicle.
- the charger 10 has a charging circuit that converts electric power input from the AC power supply 100 into electric power suitable for charging the battery 20 and outputs the electric power to the battery 20 based on the control of the LBC 50.
- the charger 10 includes an inverter, a DC / DC converter, a controller, and the like.
- the charger 10 is connected to the battery 20 by a cable or the like.
- the battery 20 is a battery configured by connecting a plurality of secondary batteries (hereinafter also referred to as cells) such as lithium ion batteries, and is a power source of the vehicle.
- the battery 20 is connected to a motor (not shown) via an inverter (not shown).
- the battery 20 is charged by regeneration of the motor, and is charged by the charger 10 outside the vehicle.
- the LBC 50 measures the SOC and the like of the battery 20 based on the voltage and current sensors connected to the battery 20 and the detection value of the sensor that detects the temperature of the battery 20, and the battery 20 is charged. It is a controller that manages the state of the battery 20 such as the battery capacity.
- the LBC 50 is also a controller that controls charging of the battery 20 by transmitting and receiving control signals to and from the charger 10 and controlling the charger 10.
- the LBC 50 includes a current detection unit 51, a voltage detection unit 52, a temperature detection unit 53, an SOC calculation unit 54, a chargeable power calculation unit 55, a charge time calculation unit 56, an allowable charge time calculation unit 57, a limited charge power calculation unit 58, A command value calculation unit 59 is included.
- the current detector 51 is a sensor that is connected to the battery 20 and detects the current of the battery 20.
- the detection value of the current detection unit 51 is output to the SOC calculation unit 54, the chargeable power calculation unit 55, and the charge time calculation unit 56.
- the voltage detector 52 is a sensor that is connected to the battery 20 and detects the voltage of the battery 20.
- the voltage detection unit 52 detects each voltage of the plurality of batteries included in the battery 20 and the total voltage of the plurality of batteries.
- the detection value of the voltage detection unit 52 is output to the chargeable power calculation unit 55 and the charge time calculation unit 56.
- the temperature detection unit 53 is a sensor that is provided in the battery 20 and detects the temperature of the battery 20.
- the detection value of the temperature detection unit 51 is output to the chargeable power calculation unit 55, the charge time calculation unit 56, and the allowable charge time calculation unit 57.
- the SOC calculation unit 54 integrates the detection values detected by the current detection unit 51 to integrate the charging current and calculate the SOC of the battery 20.
- the SOC calculation unit 54 outputs the calculated SOC to the charge time calculation unit 56 and the allowable charge time calculation unit 57.
- the SOC calculation unit 54 may calculate the SOC of the battery 20 from the detection voltage of the voltage detection unit 52. Since there is a correlation between the voltage of the battery 20 and the SOC, a map indicating the correlation is recorded in the memory 40, and the SOC calculation unit 54 refers to the map in the memory 40 and the voltage detection unit 52. The SOC corresponding to the detected voltage is calculated as the SOC of the battery 20.
- the map may be a map according to the degree of deterioration of the battery 20. What is necessary is just to calculate the deterioration degree of the battery 20 from the internal resistance of the battery 20, for example. Further, the internal resistance of the battery 20 can be calculated using, for example, a change in current value detected by the current detection unit 51 and a change in voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 52.
- the chargeable power calculation unit 55 calculates the chargeable power of the battery 20 from the detection current of the current detection unit 51, the detection voltage of the voltage detection unit 52, and the detection temperature of the temperature detection unit 53.
- the chargeable power is the maximum power that can be charged while charging the battery 20 while suppressing the deterioration of the battery 20, and is the maximum input power that can be input from the charger 10 to the battery 20.
- the chargeable power is generally called input power, maximum chargeable power, or maximum input power, and is described as chargeable power in the present embodiment.
- the chargeable power calculation unit 55 calculates chargeable power in the following manner.
- a charging upper limit voltage is set for each cell according to the performance of the battery 20.
- the charging upper limit voltage is a voltage that becomes an upper limit when charging the battery 20 in order to prevent the battery 20 from deteriorating.
- As the charge upper limit voltage a voltage at which lithium deposition starts or a voltage lower than a voltage at which lithium deposition starts is set inside the battery (cell) constituting the battery 20.
- the charging upper limit voltage is calculated according to the charging current input to the battery 20, the battery temperature, and the internal resistance of the battery 20. For example, the charging upper limit voltage is calculated to be lower as the charging current of the battery 20 is larger, and is calculated to be higher as the charging current of the battery 20 is smaller.
- the chargeable power calculation unit 55 identifies the cell having the highest voltage from the voltage of each cell detected by the voltage detection unit 52.
- the chargeable power calculation unit 55 calculates an inputtable current that can be input to the battery based on the specified cell voltage, the internal resistance of the cell, the charge current of the cell, and the charge upper limit voltage.
- the input possible current is calculated from the internal resistance of the cell having the highest terminal voltage and the charging upper limit voltage of the cell.
- the internal resistance of the cell is calculated from the terminal voltage of the cell detected by the voltage detection unit 52 and the charging current of the cell.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating the input possible current (I MAX ).
- Chargeable power calculating unit 55 the internal resistance of the cell having the highest terminal voltage, as shown in FIG. 2, calculates the internal resistance wire L R of the cell.
- the internal resistance line LR is a straight line indicating the relationship between the charging current of the cell and the voltage of the cell for the cell having the highest terminal voltage.
- the internal resistance line L R for example can be calculated from the open voltage of the total internal resistance and the battery 20 of the battery 20.
- the total internal resistance of the battery 20 is the entire resistance value of a plurality of cells included in the battery 20.
- Charging upper limit voltage line LV_LIM has a correlation with the charging current of battery 20. Therefore, a map having a correlation between the charging upper limit voltage and the charging current of the battery 20 is recorded in advance in the memory, and the chargeable power calculation unit 55 uses the detection current of the current detection unit 51 with reference to the map. Therefore , the upper limit voltage for charging (corresponding to the upper limit voltage line LV_LIM ) may be calculated.
- the current at the intersection of the charging upper limit voltage line LV_LIM and the internal resistance line LR is the current that can be input to the cell having the highest terminal voltage. Thereby, the inputable current is calculated by the chargeable power calculation unit 55.
- the chargeable power calculation unit 55 can calculate the chargeable power by multiplying the total internal resistance of the battery 20 by the square of the inputtable current (I MAX ). In addition, the calculation method of chargeable electric power may be a method other than the above. The chargeable power calculation unit 55 outputs the calculated chargeable power to the command value calculation unit 59.
- the charging time calculation unit 56 calculates the charging time based on a map showing the correspondence relationship between the state of the battery 20, the charging time of the battery 20, and the charging power of the battery. In addition, the charging time calculation unit 56 calculates the characteristics of the charging power of the battery with respect to the charging time of the battery 20 using the map, and outputs it to the limited charging power calculation unit 58. The charging time calculation unit 56 calculates the charging time based on the temperature of the battery 20 as an index indicating the state of the battery 20. The charging power of the battery 20 indicates the power actually supplied to the battery 20 during charging, and is a value calculated from the detection current of the current detection unit 51 and the detection voltage of the voltage detection unit 52.
- the allowable charging time calculation unit 57 calculates the allowable charging time of the battery charging time and outputs it to the limited charging power calculation unit 58.
- the allowable charging time is a charging time allowed by the user and is a preset time. When the charging time is extremely long, it is inconvenient for the user to make the user wait until the charging time elapses. Therefore, in this example, in consideration of the convenience of the user, the charging time allowed by the user is obtained and set in advance through experiments or the like, and is recorded in the allowable charging time calculation unit 57. The allowable charging time will be described later.
- the limited charging power calculation unit 58 is configured to allow the allowable charging based on the characteristics of the charging power of the battery with respect to the charging time of the battery 20 calculated by the charging time calculation unit 56 and the allowable charging time calculated by the allowable charging time calculation unit 58.
- the charging power for charging the battery 20 over time is calculated as the limited charging power and output to the command value calculation unit 59.
- the limited charging power indicates the limiting power of the charging power that is actually supplied to the battery 20 when the battery 20 is charged with an allowable charging time.
- the command value calculator 59 calculates a command value for the power output from the charger 10 based on the chargeable power of the battery 20 calculated by the chargeable power calculator 55 and the outputable power of the charger 10. . Further, the command value calculation unit 59 calculates a command value of the power output from the charger 10 in order to set the charging power of the battery 20 to the limited charging power calculated by the limited charging power calculation unit 58.
- the outputable power of the charger 10 indicates the maximum output power that can be output from the charger 10 and corresponds to the rated power of the charger 10. That is, the output power is a value set in advance according to the capability of the charger 10, and the output power of the charger 10 is limited to the output power or less.
- the charger 10 includes a quick charger having high output power and a normal charger having lower output power than the quick charger.
- the LBC 50 confirms the connection between the charger 10 and the battery 20 with a cable or the like, the LBC 50 receives a signal transmitted from the charger 10 and acquires the output possible power of the charger 10.
- the command value calculation unit 59 transmits the command value of the calculated output power to the charger 10.
- the charger 10 converts the power of the AC power supply 100 and supplies it to the battery 20 so as to output the power of the command value transmitted by the command value calculation unit 59. Thereby, the charger 10 is controlled based on the command value of the command value calculator 59, and the battery 20 is charged.
- the LBC 50 performs control for charging the battery 20 without limiting the charging time to the allowable charging time, and control for charging the battery 20 based on the allowable charging time calculated by the allowable charging time calculation unit 50.
- the former normal charge control will be described.
- the LBC 50 When the LBC 50 receives a signal indicating that charging of the battery 20 is started by the charger 10 based on an operation of the user or the like, the LBC 50 sets a target charging rate of the battery 20 and establishes a connection between the charger 10 and the battery 20. Confirm and start charging control. Here, it is assumed that the target charging rate is set to a fully charged charging rate.
- the command value calculation unit 59 acquires the power that can be output from the charger 10 from the charger 10. Further, the charger control unit 57 acquires the rechargeable power calculated by the rechargeable power calculation unit 55. Then, the command value calculation unit 59 compares the output power and the chargeable power, and calculates the output power of the charger 10 output to the battery 20 from the comparison result and the current SOC of the battery 20.
- the battery 20 of this example is a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle or the like, and the battery capacity of the battery 20 is large.
- the charger 10 has a limit in increasing the output power by the rated power of the AC power supply 100, the boost of the converter of the charger 10 and the like. Therefore, when the SOC of the battery 20 is low, the outputable power of the charger 10 is lower than the chargeable power of the battery 20.
- the rechargeable power of the battery 20 is lower than the rechargeable power of the charger 10.
- the command value calculator 59 When the rechargeable power of the battery 20 is equal to or higher than the rechargeable power of the charger 10, the command value calculator 59 outputs a command value of output power so that the rechargeable power of the charger 10 is output from the charger 10. Is output to the charger 10. The charger 10 starts charging the battery 20 with output available power. Thereby, the battery 20 is charged by constant power charge control.
- the command value calculation unit 59 instructs the output power to output the rechargeable power of the battery 20 from the charger 10.
- the value is calculated and output to the charger 10.
- the charger 10 charges the battery 20 by reducing the output current so that the output power to the battery 20 becomes chargeable power.
- the command value calculation unit 59 calculates a command value so that the output power of the charger 10 decreases as the SOC of the battery 20 increases, and the charger 10 gradually reduces the output current based on the command value. Since the output voltage is constant, the battery 20 is charged by constant voltage charge control.
- the chargeable power calculation unit 55 calculates the chargeable power of the battery 20 based on the detection value of the current detection unit 51 and the like while the battery 20 is being charged, and transmits it to the command value calculation unit 59.
- the LBC 50 controls the charger 10 by constant power charging control.
- the LBC 50 controls the charger 10 by constant voltage charging control. Then, when the battery 20 is fully charged based on the SOC calculated by the SOC calculation unit 54, the LBC 50 ends the charging of the battery 20.
- full charge of the battery 20 for example, when the battery 20 is charged by constant voltage charge control, the battery 20 reaches full charge when the charge current of the battery 20 falls to the current threshold value for determining full charge. It is determined that Note that the determination of full charge is not limited to the above. For example, full charge may be determined when the increase amount of SOC calculated by the SOC calculation unit 54 per time becomes a predetermined value or less.
- the charging time calculation unit 56 calculates the charging time for charging from the SOC of the battery 20 at the start of charging to the SOC corresponding to full charge.
- a map indicating the correspondence relationship between the battery temperature indicating the state of the battery 20, the charging time of the battery 20, and the charging power of the battery 20 is recorded in advance.
- a map of the charging time calculation unit 56 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the map.
- the map is a plurality of maps showing the correlation of the charging time with respect to the SOC and the battery temperature for each charging power.
- the charging time is the time for charging from the corresponding SOC to the SOC corresponding to full charge.
- the charging power of the battery 20 that is currently being charged is 50 kW
- the temperature of the battery 20 is 10 degrees
- the SOC of the battery 20 Is 10%
- the charging time calculation unit 56 extracts a map of charging power (50 kW) from the map of FIG. 3 and corresponds to the temperature (10 degrees) and SOC (10%) of the battery 20.
- Time (70 minutes) is calculated as the charging time.
- the LBC 50 displays the charging time calculated by the charging time calculation unit 56 on a display (not shown) provided in the vehicle interior, or displays the charging time on the portable terminal owned by the user. A signal including the charging time is transmitted.
- the allowable charging time calculation unit 57 records in advance a map indicating the correspondence relationship between the output power of the charger 10, the battery temperature of the battery 20, and the allowable charging time.
- a map of the allowable charging time calculation unit 57 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the map.
- the allowable charging time is set longer as the temperature of the battery 20 becomes higher than the charging allowable time with respect to the temperature of the battery 20 as a reference, and the temperature of the battery 20 is lower.
- the allowable charging time is set to be longer. That is, centering on the temperature of the battery 20 (0 ° C. to 10 ° C. in FIG. 4) at which the allowable charging time becomes the shortest, the allowable charging time becomes longer as the battery 20 becomes higher, and the lower the battery 20 becomes, The allowable charging time is set so that the allowable charging time becomes long.
- the temperature range set on the map is set to an assumed temperature range or a range slightly wider than the assumed temperature range according to the usage state of the battery 20, the environmental conditions of the battery 20, and the like. .
- the allowable charging time for the upper limit temperature of the temperature range or the higher temperature of the temperature range is set based on the relationship between the temperature of the battery 20 and the likelihood of side reactions.
- the side reaction of the battery 20 is a reaction that causes deterioration of the battery 20, such as a decomposition reaction of the electrolyte solution of the battery 20, for example.
- a side reaction is likely to occur, and the deterioration of the battery 20 is excessively advanced.
- a general user recognizes that when the battery temperature is high, in order to prevent the battery 20 from being deteriorated, the charging time becomes longer during charging. Therefore, the allowable charging time is set to be longer as the temperature is higher in the temperature range set in the map.
- the lower limit temperature of the temperature range set on the map or the allowable charging time for the lower temperature of the temperature range is set based on the relationship between the temperature of the battery 20 and the reaction speed of the battery 20.
- the lower the battery temperature the slower the reaction speed in the battery and the higher the internal resistance of the battery. Therefore, when the temperature of the battery is low, the charging current of the battery 20 cannot be increased, and charging takes time. And a general user has recognized that charge time becomes long when battery temperature is low. Therefore, the allowable charging time is set to be longer as the temperature is lower in the temperature range set in the map.
- the relationship between the output power available from the charger 10 and the allowable charging time will be described. It is a matter recognized by a general user that the charging time becomes shorter as the output power of the charger 10 is higher. Therefore, the allowable charging time is set to be shorter as the outputable power of the charger 10 is higher.
- the allowable charging time set in the map of FIG. 4 is set so that the charging power at the time of charging does not excessively deteriorate the battery 20,
- the charging time is so long as not to be excessively deteriorated, and the charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity is set according to the temperature and the output power of the charger 10.
- the range of the output possible power set on the map of FIG. 4 is set to a range higher than the rated power (output possible power) of the charger (normal charger) 10 for normal charging. That is, the map in FIG. 4 is a map corresponding to the rated output (power that can be output) of the quick-charge charger (rapid charger) 10.
- the charger output (outputtable power) set in the map is constant including different outputable power depending on the type of the charger 10. It is set in the range.
- the relationship between the allowable charging time and the SOC will be described.
- the rate of increase of the SOC becomes lower with respect to the time for charging the battery 20.
- the upper limit target charging rate target SOC
- the allowable charging time is set to a charging time until charging to an SOC lower than the fully charged SOC.
- the upper limit target charging rate (target SOC) is set to a predetermined SOC in which the SOC increasing rate per unit time during charging is lower than the predetermined increasing rate, and the allowable charging time is from the start of charging. It may be set in consideration of the time for charging up to the predetermined SOC. That is, by charging only in the SOC region where the SOC increase rate is higher than the predetermined increase rate, the allowable charging time can be set as short as possible, and the user's dissatisfaction that the charging time is long can be suppressed.
- the allowable charging time sets the charging time permitted by the user for each condition of the state of the battery 20 and the output power of the charger 10.
- the target charging rate when setting the charging time is set to a charging rate lower than full charging, charging is performed in a region where charging efficiency is high with respect to charging time, and it takes a long charging time until full charging
- An allowable charging time is set such that charging does not give the user a sense of incongruity.
- the LBC 50 When the LBC 50 confirms the connection between the charger 10 and the battery 20 and starts charging control, the LBC 50 first obtains the output possible power of the charger 10. The LBC 50 determines whether or not the output power of the charger 10 is within the range of the charger output (output power) set in the map of FIG. When the output power is not within the output power range set in the map, the LBC 50 determines that the charger 10 is a normal charger and performs the normal charging control described above.
- the LBC 50 calculates the allowable charge time by the allowable charge time calculation unit 57. To do.
- Allowable charging time calculation unit 57 obtains the output possible power of charger 10, the temperature of battery 20 detected by temperature detection unit 53, and the SOC at the start of charging.
- the allowable charging time calculation unit 57 refers to the map of FIG. 4, calculates the charging time corresponding to the power that can be output, the battery temperature, and the SOC as the allowable charging time, and outputs it to the limited charging power calculation unit 58.
- the charging time calculation unit 56 acquires the temperature and SOC of the battery 20. Then, the charger time calculation unit 56 extracts the charging time corresponding to the temperature of the battery 20 and the SOC in the map for each charging power, calculates the characteristics (correlation) between the charging power and the charging time, and calculates The result is output to limited charging power calculation unit 58.
- the limited charging power calculation unit 58 calculates the limited charging power based on the characteristics of the charging power and the charging time calculated by the charging time calculation unit 56 and the allowable charging time calculated by the allowable charging time calculation unit 57. To do.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the characteristics of the charging time and the charging time and the allowable charging time.
- the characteristics of charging time and charging time are shown in graph a.
- the allowable charging time (To) is a unique value calculated from the map of FIG.
- the characteristics of the charging time and the charging power are derived by connecting values extracted from the respective maps shown in FIG. 3 with approximate curves, and are indicated by curves.
- limited charging power calculation unit 58 outputs limited charging power (Po) to command value calculation unit 59.
- the command value calculation unit 59 calculates a command value of the output power of the charger 10 that uses the charging power of the battery 20 as the limited charging power (Po), and outputs the command value to the charger 10.
- the LBC 50 manages the SOC of the battery 20 by the SOC calculation unit 54 while charging the battery 20 with the limited charging power (Po).
- the command value calculation unit 59 calculates a command value so that the output power of the charger 10 falls below the limited charge power (Po) as the SOC of the battery 20 increases, and the charger 10 outputs an output current based on the command value. Decrease gradually. Then, when the battery 20 reaches the target SOC, the LBC 50 ends the charging of the battery 20.
- the allowable charging time elapses even before the battery 20 reaches the target SOC.
- the battery 20 is charged only to an SOC lower than the target SOC, but the difference is within a control error range, and there is no problem because the battery 20 is charged to an SOC that is substantially equal to the target SOC.
- the battery 20 is allowed to be charged without increasing the temperature of the battery 20 as the battery 20 is excessively deteriorated. It can be finished in time.
- FIG. 6A is a graph showing the characteristic of the charging power with respect to the charging time
- FIG. 6B is a graph showing the characteristic of the battery temperature with respect to the charging time.
- Graphs a in FIGS. 6A and 6B show the characteristics of the present invention
- graph b shows characteristics (comparative example 1) when charging power is set based only on temperature unlike the present invention.
- c is a graph showing characteristics (Comparative Example 2) when charging is performed with the maximum output (Pc) of the charger 10 without limiting temperature and charging time.
- the electric power (Pe) is a threshold value for determining full charge, and corresponds to a current threshold value for determining full charge of the battery 20 in constant current control.
- the battery temperature, SOC, and target charge rate at the start of charging are the same.
- the output possible power of the charger 10 to be used is also the same power.
- the characteristic of the charging power with respect to the charging time is as shown in graph a.
- the charging power is set based only on the temperature, and the charging power is set so that the battery temperature hardly increases during charging. It becomes lower than the power (Po) of the invention.
- the charge time (Tb) of the comparative example 1 becomes long compared with the charge time (To) of this invention.
- the charging time (Tc) of Comparative Example 2 is shorter than the charging time (To) of the present invention.
- the battery temperature (to) of the present invention is higher than the battery temperature (tb) of Comparative Example 1 because the battery power at the end of charging is higher in charging power.
- the battery temperature (tc) of Comparative Example 2 is higher than the battery temperature (to).
- the amount of heat applied to the battery 20 during charging of the battery 20 correlates with a value obtained by multiplying the internal resistance (R) of the battery 20 by the square value of the charging current (I). Therefore, compared with the graphs a and b, even if the charging current of the battery 20 is decreased, the decrease in the battery temperature is not so large, but rather the charging time is increased. In other words, even if the charging current of the battery 20 is increased in order to finish the charging of the battery 20 in the allowable charging time as in the present invention with respect to the comparative example 1, the increase in the battery temperature is small and the charging time Can be made shorter.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing characteristics of charging power with respect to charging time.
- Graph a in FIG. 7 shows the characteristics of the present invention
- graph d shows characteristics (comparative example 3) when charging power is set based on a charging time shorter than the allowable charging time, unlike the present invention.
- Electric power (Pe) is a threshold for determining full charge.
- the battery temperature, SOC, and target charge rate at the start of charging are the same.
- the output possible power of the charger 10 to be used is also the same power.
- the charging power (Pd) is higher than the limited charging power (Po) because the charging time is set to a time (Td) shorter than the allowable charging time (To).
- Td time
- To allowable charging time
- the present example calculates the limited charging power (Po) based on the allowable charging time and controls the output power of the charger 10 when charging the battery 20. It is possible to charge the battery 20 with a charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity while reducing the battery deterioration due to the temperature rise of the battery 20 as much as possible while making the temperature and the charging time compatible.
- Po limited charging power
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a control procedure for charge control of the LBC 50.
- step S ⁇ b> 1 the LBC 50 detects the power that can be output from the charger 10 based on the signal from the charger 10.
- step S ⁇ b> 2 the LBC 50 determines whether or not the power that can be output from the charger 10 is within the set power range set in the map (map in FIG. 4).
- step S20 the LBC 50 performs normal charging control without limiting the charging time to the allowable charging time.
- the temperature detection unit 53 detects the temperature of the battery 20 in step S3.
- the SOC calculation unit 54 calculates the SOC of the battery 20.
- the allowable charging time calculation unit 57 calculates the allowable charging time with reference to the map of FIG. 4 based on the outputable power in step S1, the temperature of the battery 20 in step S3, and the SOC in step S4. .
- step S6 the charging time calculation unit 56 calculates the charging power-charging time characteristic with reference to the map of FIG. 3 based on the battery temperature in step S3 and the SOC in step S4.
- step S7 the limited charging power 58 is calculated based on the allowable charging time and the charging power-charging time characteristics.
- step S8 the command value calculation unit 59 calculates the command value of the output power of the charger 10 based on the limited charging power and outputs the command value to the charger 10 to start charging the battery 10.
- step S ⁇ b> 9 during the charging of the battery 20, the current detection unit 51 and the voltage detection unit 53 detect the current and voltage of the battery 20.
- step S10 the LBC 50 controls the charger 10 based on the detected voltage and detected current in step S9, and controls the charging power of the battery 20.
- step S11 the LBC 50 determines whether or not the charging current of the battery 20 is equal to or less than a current threshold value indicating full charging (current threshold value for determining full charging).
- the process returns to step S9 and the charging of the battery 20 is continued.
- the command value calculation unit 59 outputs a command value for charging termination to the charger 10. And the charge control of this example is complete
- this example refers to a map (corresponding to the map of FIG. 3) showing the relationship between the state of the battery 20 and the charging power of the battery 20 corresponding to the charging time of the battery 20, and the battery with the allowable charging time.
- the charging power for charging 20 is set, and the output power of the charger 10 is controlled with the charging power set based on the allowable charging time.
- the battery 20 can be charged in a charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity while suppressing deterioration of the battery as much as possible.
- the allowable charging time is calculated according to the temperature of the battery 20.
- the user recognizes the charging time according to the temperature condition as a guide. Therefore, it is possible to charge the battery 20 with a charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity with respect to the temperature condition of the battery 20, and to suppress deterioration of the battery due to temperature rise.
- the allowable charging time is set longer as the temperature of the battery 20 is higher than the predetermined temperature, and the allowable charging time is set longer as the temperature of the battery 20 is lower than the predetermined temperature.
- the allowable charging time if the temperature of the battery 20 is too high, the charging time becomes long, and if the temperature of the battery 20 is too low, the charging time becomes long. Therefore, since the allowable charging time according to this characteristic can be calculated, the battery 20 can be charged with the charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity while suppressing deterioration of the battery as much as possible.
- the allowable charging time with respect to the upper limit temperature of the battery 20 is set based on the relationship between the battery temperature and the likelihood of the side reaction of the battery 20, and the allowable charging time with respect to the lower limit temperature of the battery 20 is It is set based on the relationship between the battery temperature and the reaction speed of the battery 20.
- each permissible charging time for the upper limit temperature and the lower limit temperature of the battery 20 can be set to an appropriate time based on the property of the battery 20.
- the battery 20 can be charged in a charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity.
- the allowable charging time is calculated according to the output power of the charger 10.
- the user recognizes the charging time corresponding to the rated power of the charger 10 as a guide. Therefore, it is possible to charge the battery 20 in a charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity with respect to the condition of the power that can be output from the battery 20, and to suppress deterioration of the battery due to temperature rise.
- the allowable charging time is calculated based on a map (corresponding to the map of FIG. 4) showing the relationship between the output power of the charger 10 whose output power is higher than the predetermined power and the allowable charging time. .
- a map corresponding to the map of FIG. 4 showing the relationship between the output power of the charger 10 whose output power is higher than the predetermined power and the allowable charging time.
- the target SOC on the map is set to an SOC lower than the full charge, and the charging time for charging up to the set SOC is set as the allowable charging time, thereby shortening the charging time and increasing the temperature of the battery 20.
- the accompanying deterioration can be suppressed, and the battery 20 can be charged in a charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity.
- the higher the output power the shorter the charging time.
- the user recognizes that the higher the rated power of the charger 10, the shorter the charging time. Therefore, it is possible to charge the battery 20 in a charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity with respect to the condition of the power that can be output from the battery 20, and to suppress deterioration of the battery due to temperature rise.
- the charging time is calculated according to the SOC, and the allowable charging time is shortened as the SOC is higher.
- the user recognizes the charging time according to the SOC as a guide. Therefore, it is possible to charge the battery 20 with a charging time that does not give the user a sense of incongruity with respect to the SOC condition of the battery 20, and to suppress deterioration of the battery due to temperature rise.
- the charger output of the map recorded in the allowable charging time calculation unit 57 corresponds to the output power of the quick charger 10, but it is not necessarily required to correspond to the output of the quick charger. Instead, it may correspond to the output of the charger 10 for normal charging.
- map shown in FIG. 3 shows a map when the battery 20 is fully charged, but a map may be provided for each target charging rate.
- the LBC 50 includes a vehicle position detection unit 60, a memory 61, and an outputable power calculation unit 62 in addition to the above configuration.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a charging system according to a modification.
- the vehicle position detector 60 communicates with a GPS satellite using a GPS system (global position system) to detect the position of the vehicle.
- the memory 61 is a recording medium for recording the map data, the location of the facility on the map data, the facility information (POI information), and the like. In the memory 61, the position of the charger 10 in the external facility and the output power available from the charger 10 are recorded in association with each other.
- the outputable power acquisition unit 62 refers to the data recorded in the memory 61, and the charger 10 corresponding to the detected position of the vehicle detected by the vehicle position detection unit 60 (the charge that is being used or is about to be used) And the output possible power of the specified charger 10 is extracted, and the output possible power is acquired and output to the allowable charging time calculation unit 57 and the command value calculation unit 59. Then, the allowable charging time calculation unit 57 calculates the allowable charging time based on the output possible power acquired by the output possible power acquisition unit 62, and the command value calculation unit 59 calculates the command value based on the allowable charging time. . Thereby, even if this example does not receive the signal containing the output possible power from the charger 10, the output possible power of the charger 10 to be used can be acquired.
- the temperature detection unit 53 corresponds to the temperature detection unit of the present invention
- the SOC calculation unit 54 is the “charge state calculation unit” of the present invention
- the allowable charge time calculation unit 57 is the “allowable charge time calculation unit” of the present invention.
- the limited charging power calculation unit 58 and the command value calculation unit 59 correspond to the “charger control unit” of the present invention
- the vehicle position detection unit 60 is the “position detection unit” of the present invention
- the memory 61 is “ It corresponds to “recording means”.
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Abstract
Description
20…バッテリ
50…LBC
51…電流検出部
52…電圧検出部
53…温度検出部
54…SOC演算部
55…充電可能電力演算部
56…充電時間演算部
57…許容充電時間演算部
58…制限充電電力演算部
59…指令値演算部59
60…車両位置検出部
61…メモリ
62…出力可能電力演算部
100…交流電源
Claims (12)
- 充電器からの出力電力によりバッテリを所定の充電率まで充電する充電制御装置において、
前記バッテリの状態及び前記バッテリの充電時間に対応する前記バッテリの充電電力の関係を示す第1マップに基づいて、前記充電器の出力電力を制御する充電器制御手段と、
前記バッテリの充電時間の許容充電時間を演算する許容充電時間演算手段とを備え、
前記充電器制御手段は、
前記第1マップを参照し、前記許容充電時間で前記バッテリを充電する前記充電電力を演算し、前記許容充電時間に基づいて演算した前記充電電力で、前記出力電力を制御する
ことを特徴とする充電制御装置。 - 前記バッテリの温度を検出する温度検出手段をさらに備え、
前記許容充電時間演算手段は、
前記温度検出手段の検出温度に応じて前記許容充電時間を演算する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記許容充電時間演算手段は、
前記バッテリの温度が所定の温度より高いほど、前記許容充電時間を長く、かつ、前記バッテリの温度が前記所定の温度より低いほど、前記許容充電時間を長くする
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記バッテリの上限温度に対する前記許容充電時間は、
前記バッテリの温度と前記バッテリの副反応の起こり易さとの関係に基づいて予め設定されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記バッテリの下限温度に対する前記許容充電時間は、
前記バッテリの温度と前記バッテリの反応速度との関係に基づいて予め設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記許容充電時間演算手段は、
前記充電器から前記バッテリへ出力可能な電力を示す出力可能電力に応じて前記許容充電時間を演算する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記許容充電時間演算手段は、
前記出力可能電力が所定の出力より高い前記充電器の前記出力可能電力と、前記許容充電時間との関係を示す第2マップに基づいて、前記許容充電時間を演算する
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記許容充電時間演算手段は、
前記出力可能電力が高いほど、前記許容充電時間を短くする
ことを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記バッテリの充電状態を演算する充電状態演算手段をさらに備え、
前記許容充電時間演算手段は、
前記充電状態に応じて前記許容充電時間を演算する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記許容充電時間演算手段は、
前記バッテリの充電状態が高いほど、前記許容充電時間を短くする
ことを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記充電制御装置を備えた車両の位置を検出する位置検出手段と、
前記充電器の位置と、前記充電器から出力可能な電力を示す出力可能電力とを対応づけて記録する記録手段とを備え、
前記許容充電時間演算手段は、
前記記録手段に記録されたデータを参照して、前記位置検出手段により検出された前記車両の検出位置に対応する前記充電器を特定し、
特定された前記充電器の前記出力可能電力に応じて前記許容充電時間を演算する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の充電制御装置。 - 充電器からの出力電力によりバッテリを所定の充電率まで充電する充電制御方法において、
前記バッテリの充電時間の許容充電時間を演算する許容時間演算し、
前記バッテリの状態及び前記バッテリの充電時間に対応する前記バッテリの充電電力の関係を示すマップを参照して、前記許容充電時間で前記バッテリを充電する前記充電電力を設定し、
前記充電器からの出力電力を、前記許容充電時間に基づいて設定した前記充電電力となるように制御する
ことを特徴とする充電制御方法。
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