WO2014044432A1 - Production d'un élément en métal réfractaire - Google Patents

Production d'un élément en métal réfractaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014044432A1
WO2014044432A1 PCT/EP2013/065211 EP2013065211W WO2014044432A1 WO 2014044432 A1 WO2014044432 A1 WO 2014044432A1 EP 2013065211 W EP2013065211 W EP 2013065211W WO 2014044432 A1 WO2014044432 A1 WO 2014044432A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refractory metal
extrusion
powder
green body
sintering
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/065211
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mathias Sommerer
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2014044432A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014044432A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/227—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by organic binder assisted extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0031—Matrix based on refractory metals, W, Mo, Nb, Hf, Ta, Zr, Ti, V or alloys thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a refractory metal component, the method comprising the following steps: providing an extrusion compound comprising a refractory metal powder of at least one refractory metal and / or a compound thereof and at least one binder ; and extruding the extrusion mass.
  • the invention also relates to a refractory metal component produced by means of the method.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to X-ray tubes or fusion reactors, in particular for a surface of an X-ray anode or a wall or structural components of a fusion reactor.
  • refractory metals in particular tungsten, are used.
  • the film casting process for refractory metals is known from WO 2007/147792 A1.
  • WO 2007/147792 A1 discloses a process for the production of planar, shaped articles from a tungsten or molybdenum heavy metal alloy, from which a slurry for film casting is produced, from which slurry a film is poured and the film is debinded after drying and sintered to to obtain the molded article.
  • Tungsten heavy metal alloys are about 90% Wt .-% to about 97 wt .-% of tungsten or tungsten alloys.
  • the remainder is binder metals.
  • metallic binder the elements Fe, Ni and / or Cu in proportions greater than 1% by mass are preferred.
  • the metallic binders provide simplified manufacturing processes through lower sintering temperatures, improved mechanical properties, particularly ductility, and improved machinability, such as better machinability. These materials are intended for use in radiation shielding applications, with a high density of alloys in the foreground.
  • GB 928 626 A discloses a method for producing a dense, substantially crack-free and distortion-free refractory metal component by means of cold rolling and sintering.
  • pure tungsten powder can be mixed with organic binder and water and subsequently extruded under heat to provide a starting material for cold rolling.
  • extrusion here represents only one step for producing a shapeless starting material for cold rolling.
  • Only cold rolling represents the primary shaping step in which a shaped body is provided as a finished component or semifinished product. The cold rolled stock is subsequently air dried and then sintered.
  • refractory metal component a component
  • the method comprises (at least) the following steps: providing an extrusion mass (feedstock) comprising a refractory metal powder of at least one refractory metal and / or a compound thereof ("refractory metal powder") and at least one binder; Extruding the extrusion mass to at least one green body; and heat treating the at least one green body.
  • feedstock comprising a refractory metal powder of at least one refractory metal and / or a compound thereof ("refractory metal powder”) and at least one binder
  • a finished green body or a green body is thus provided as a semi-finished product.
  • the green body as a semi-finished product can be further shaped, for example bent, cut to size, etc., but unlike GB 928 626 A is not a shapeless mass but a body with a defined, predetermined shape.
  • No further primary shaping step is carried out between the extrusion and the heat treatment, in particular no rolling, in particular no cold rolling.
  • the step of extruding can be followed by a step of shaping the green body.
  • the method has the advantage that it can be used (eg, in contrast to, for example, a rolling process) to produce homogeneous, isotropic, fine-grained and low-stress microstructures of the final refractory metal component with a narrowly distributed and fine particle size distribution. This may in particular also be associated with an isotropic crystal orientation.
  • the setting for example, a bimodal particle size distribution in terms of mechanical properties is desired and then implemented by the method.
  • no textures, lower internal stresses and misorientations of the grains are achieved in the material.
  • the grain boundary property and, in total, the fracture behavior under pointy, thermocyclic loading are influenced by the setting of the grain structure (distribution / size).
  • a refractory metal component may basically be understood to mean any body or workpiece that has been produced by means of the method.
  • An extrusion composition may generally be understood to mean a solids-containing, viscous suspension with the refractory metal powder as a solid, which is suitable for carrying out the extrusion.
  • the technique of extrusion is generally well known and need not be further explained here. In principle, all suitable extrusion processes are applicable.
  • one or more powders of one or more pure refractory metals eg tungsten and / or molybdenum
  • alloys thereof eg tungsten-rhenium
  • a (refractory metal) powder comprising at least one refractory metal and / or a compound thereof
  • WRe refractory metal
  • the refractory metal powder may include, for example, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium and / or tantalum and / or alloys thereof and / or compounds thereof.
  • processing of the at least one refractory metal powder takes place in the absence of oxygen, e.g. under a protective gas atmosphere, reducing atmosphere or under vacuum. This prevents oxidation of the refractory metal powder.
  • the binder can in principle have any organic and / or non-organic binder or binder.
  • the binder binds the refractory metal powder functionally similar to an adhesive. Preference is given to organic binders, for example Polvvenylbutyral. It is a development that the extrusion compound has additional additives such as dispersants, plasticizers, solvents, etc. In particular, a viscosity of the extrusion mass or of the feedstock and the intrinsic viscosity Shafts of the green body (eg its strength and / or deformation capacity) influence.
  • a dispersing agent ensures that the wetting behavior of the particles of the refractory metal powder is improved and agglomeration is prevented.
  • the solvent e.g. Ethanol and / or toluene, dissolves organic components, in particular the binder.
  • the flexibility and strength of the green body and thus its manageability can be adjusted by adding a plasticizer.
  • Various mixing and grinding processes produce a homogeneous extrusion mass. It may be necessary to degas the extrusion mass prior to extrusion to avoid blistering in the extrusion mass.
  • the extrudate may be dimensionally stable, in particular for further processing.
  • the shape of the green body is not limited and may include, for example, a profile (e.g., a pipe), a greensheet, etc.
  • the extrusion comprises extruding a green sheet.
  • a green sheet As a result, large-area semi-finished products or components can be produced without further aftertreatment (for example rolling).
  • an extruder die may be appropriately shaped and e.g. have a slot or gap-like discharge opening.
  • the greensheet may also be made in other ways, e.g. by extruding a multilayer wall of a complex component.
  • a thickness of the (individually) extruded green body about twenty microns to about three Millimeters. Thereby, a sufficiently high thickness for accommodating a plurality of grains of the refractory metal powder can be provided. In addition, a sufficient homogeneity of the individual slip components can be ensured over the thickness.
  • the thickness may be, for example, a layer thickness of a green sheet or a wall thickness of a pipe or a layer of the pipe. However, the layer thickness is basically not limited.
  • a thickness of the (individually) extruded green body corresponds to at least approximately five times to ten times the largest particle of the at least one refractory metal powder and / or ceramic powder. This avoids that the thickness is built up only by a few grains. This in turn improves break resistance.
  • the extrusion mass / the feedstock is extruded onto a carrier film.
  • This facilitates handling of the extrudate, in particular thin extrudate, for example its shaping and / or stacking.
  • the carrier film can then be removed, for example, before a thermal treatment.
  • several (two or more) green sheets are stacked on each other (eg, laminated and / or isostatically pressed).
  • the green sheets may be made separately or may be part of a more complex geometry, eg, a pipe.
  • a high (basically unlimited) thickness of the refractory metal component can be achieved with a constant material density. It is possible to extrude several layers, also of different properties (chemical composition, density, etc.) by means of several extrusion dies / extruder on top of each other. It is an embodiment that at least two green sheets of the layer stack differ in their properties. In particular, the thermo-mechanical properties and the fracture behavior of the layer stack can be adapted constructively. Furthermore, such a layer stack enables the production of connection zones, which allow a connection of refractory metal to external components, such as an anode support or a carrier of plasma chamber components in the fusion reactor. Also, stresses can be influenced by different thermal expansion coefficients of the components or the reaction behavior at the interfaces. For example, the layer stack here may also represent a part of a more complex geometry, for example a multilayer wall of a green body, eg a pipe.
  • Layer stack have a gradient structure.
  • a gradient build-up can be used to influence the crack propagation and stress gradient, for example.
  • a property may include a content of refractory metal, a kind and / or composition of the refractory metal or a compound thereof (eg, a content of W; Ta; Re; Mo, etc.), a presence, a kind, and / or a content of ceramics , a microscopic structure (eg, a grain size distribution), and / or a macroscopic structure (eg, a size of the powder particles, a porosity, etc.).
  • a gradient build-up can be achieved by layering W layers with W / Re layers, or dense tungsten layers alternate with porous tungsten layers.
  • the porosity can be adjusted, for example, via the sintering activity of the refractory metal powders.
  • the gradient material may be characterized in particular by a gradual (in particular stepwise) change of at least one property of the slurry layers over the stack thickness of the layer stack.
  • the layer stack can basically be flat or three-dimensionally shaped, eg curved. It is a further development to apply the extruded layers and components to components / carriers and to jointly guide them through the subsequent thermal processes. It is an embodiment that the extrusion compound is metal binder-free, that is, has no metallic binder.
  • the absence of the low-melting metal as a binder can be realized in particular by a lack of metal, mixtures or alloys thereof as an independent powder in the extrusion mass.
  • Such a configuration has the advantage that the material properties of the finished refractory metal component, in particular its high melting point and its breaking strength under thermal cycling, are not degraded by the metal or metals in the binder (which would otherwise be the case).
  • a refractory metal component produced in this way can withstand higher temperatures without destruction and / or have a longer service life.
  • the process is not or not significantly more expensive to perform than in the presence of a metallic binder.
  • the extrusion compound additionally comprises ceramic powder.
  • ceramic powder This has, inter alia, the advantage that a recrystallization behavior and / or a strength of the following refractory metal component can be influenced by the addition of ceramic.
  • the presence of ceramic stabilizes the grain boundaries of the refractory metal, in particular in the context of dispersion hardening, and in particular can suppress grain growth. This, in turn, gives the refractory metal component increased resistance to high temperature stress, particularly thermal shock (e.g., caused by thermal cycling).
  • a ceramic powder can be present in particular as a nanopowder or micropowder, that is to say not larger than 1 micron or 1 millimeter.
  • a mixing of ceramic and metallic Powders can be carried out together with other components of the extrusion compound or can be achieved by an optional, preceding mixing and grinding process (eg in a ball mill, an attritor, etc.). In this case, among other things, a particle size distribution can be adjusted.
  • the ceramic particles La 2 0 3 , Y 2 0 3 , Tic and / or HfC have or consist of. It is yet another embodiment that a median grain size of the particles of refractory metal powder, D50, is less than two microns. These small grain sizes suppress grain growth at high sintering temperatures because the use of such fine powder fractions enables high sintering reactivity and therefore lower final sintering temperatures.
  • the refractory metal powder is a powder of pure tungsten, tungsten-rhenium, WRe, or tungsten-tantalum, WTa.
  • fraction of the refractory metal or the compound thereof on the extrusion composition is 70% by weight to 99% by weight.
  • the heat treatment may include a step of debinding the at least one green body.
  • the at least one green body can be heated so much that the binder is removed (thermal debinding).
  • debinding may be effected by chemical debindering, in which the organic constituents of the binder are generally dissolved out of the green body by means of solvents.
  • the heat treatment may also include a step of sintering the at least one green body.
  • a compacted refractory metal component is obtained.
  • the sintering may in particular follow the debinding.
  • the sintering may in particular be a pressureless sintering. Debinding and sintering can be carried out in one step, for example in special combined sintering systems that allow for clean debinding and subsequent sintering. This avoids reacting the components and shortens the process time.
  • a continuous process in a reducing and carbon-free atmosphere is preferred in order to keep the carbon and oxygen content low.
  • the process may be carried out under vacuum or reducing atmosphere (hydrogen).
  • reducing atmosphere hydrogen
  • sintering is not performed at maximum sintering temperature to achieve complete compaction immediately, but at lower sintering temperatures.
  • grain growth can be inhibited, which supports a homogeneous and isotropic, fine-grained microstructure.
  • Sintering in which the workpiece has a non-negligible (closed) porosity and which is followed by another heat treatment step may also be referred to as presintering.
  • the step of heat treatment can thus be a step of hot pressing, in particular hot isostatic pressing, of the at least one (pre) sintered refractory metal workpiece.
  • the step of heat treatment may alternatively or additionally comprise a step of so-called "spark plasma" sintering.
  • the green semifinished product, the debinded and / or pre-sintered material at comparatively low temperatures is flowed through under high pressure by electric current and thus brought to the final density in a short time and at comparatively low temperatures.
  • the combination of debindering and sintering in these systems is also possible.
  • the step of heat treatment may alternatively or additionally comprise a step of microwave sintering. In this case, the green semifinished product, the debinded and / or pre-sintered at comparatively low temperatures material is irradiated with microwaves to bring it to low density at the final density.
  • the combination of debindering and sintering in these systems is also possible.
  • the step of heat treatment has a step of sintering below a maximum sintering temperature to a density below the maximum density and following a heat treatment step of further compacting.
  • thermoshock resistant, refractory metal component it is a preferred embodiment for producing a particularly stable, in particular thermoshock resistant, refractory metal component, that at least one green body becomes at least closed-pored by the heat treatment.
  • at least closed-pored a closed-cell or dense (in particular, maximum, dense) state can be understood.
  • the refractory metal components produced by the above process can already represent the final product or as semifinished by conventional bonding techniques, such as soldering, applied to surfaces.
  • green bodies, in particular green sheets can be applied to components before the furnace processes. In this case, these components must undergo heat treatment of the green body.
  • the object is also achieved by a component (refractory metal component) or body, which has been produced by means of the method as described above.
  • the component may in particular be designed analogously to the method and have the same advantages.
  • the refractory metal component ceramic for example as a particle and / or as a ceramic phase. It is still a development that the ceramic La 2 0 3 , Y 2 0 3 , Tic and / or HfC has or consists of.
  • the refractory metal component consists of several (two or more) layers, which may differ in particular in their properties.
  • the layers may have a gradient structure.
  • the refractory metal component is a three-dimensional component.
  • the refractory metal component is a closed-pore component or a dense component.
  • the component for X-ray tubes or fusion reactors is applicable, in particular as a surface of an X-ray anode or as a wall or structural component of a fusion reactor.
  • a low melting metallic binder would be very disadvantageous.
  • Fig.l shows a sequence of a method according to the invention in several variants.
  • Fig. 2 shows an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • Fig.l shows a sequence of a method for producing a refractory metal component by means of extrusion, in several variants.
  • Extrusion mass M comprises providing a powder mixture of refractory metal powder in the form of two tungsten powders.
  • the two tungsten powders differ in their mean grain size, D50, namely once at 0.7 micrometers and once at 1.7 micrometers.
  • a second preparation step S2 comprises providing ceramic powder in the form of hafnium carbide powder (HfC powder).
  • a third preparation step S3 comprises providing additives such as a dispersing agent (Hypermer KD1), solvents in the form of ethanol and toluene, and a binder in the form of polvvenyl butyral (Pioloform BR 18) and a plastidizer in the form of dibutyl phthalate.
  • a dispersing agent Hypermer KD1
  • solvents in the form of ethanol and toluene solvents in the form of ethanol and toluene
  • a binder in the form of polvvenyl butyral (Pioloform BR 18) and a plastidizer in the form of dibutyl phthalate a plastidizer in the form of dibutyl phthalate.
  • the constituents provided are mixed in a fourth step S4.
  • the refractory metal powders, the ceramic powder, the dispersant and the liquids are first mixed in a speed mixer for 3 min at 1400 1 / min. Subsequently, the binder, to which ethanol has already been added, and the plasticizer are added and mixed for 10 minutes in the Speedmixer at 1500 1 / min.
  • the dispersant ensures that the wetting behavior of the refractile-metallic powder particles and of the ceramic powder is improved and agglomeration is prevented.
  • Solvents Ethanol and toluene dissolve the organic components, in particular the binder Pioloform BR18. By adding a plasticizer, the flexibility and strength of the urgeformten green body 17 (see also Figure 2) and thus its handling can be adjusted.
  • Various other mixing and milling processes produce a homogeneous starting material or extrusion compound M, also called feedstock. In some cases, it may be necessary to degas the extrusion mass M or feedstock prior to extrusion to avoid blistering in the reformed green body 17. The aim is a weight fraction of 70% to 99% of metallic powder in the extrusion mass M.
  • the extrusion mass M is extruded.
  • the extrusion mass M is introduced into a hopper 12 of an extrusion system 11, as shown in FIG. 2 is shown as a single screw plasticizing extruder.
  • the extrusion mass M passes from the hopper 12 into a cylinder 13, in which a screw 14 rotates driven by a motor 15.
  • the screw 14 conveys the extrusion compound M to a tip of the cylinder 13, to which a, optionally heatable, extrusion die 16 is located.
  • the green body 17 is pushed out as an extrudate.
  • the green body 17 or the extrudate can be designed in particular profile-like.
  • the green body 17 can be formed.
  • the green body 17 may be cut and / or shaped, in particular three-dimensionally shaped.
  • a minimum thickness is limited in particular by the particle size of the starting powders and preferably corresponds approximately to 5 to 10 times the largest refractory metal particles.
  • the lower limit of a thickness of at least one layer of green body 17 is about 60 microns.
  • the maximum thickness is approximately 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • step S7 the cut / shaped green body 17 is heat-treated to produce the finished refractory metal component.
  • a first sub-step S8 of step S7 the main body 17 is debinded, in particular by a heat treatment.
  • the debindered and possibly shaped main body 17 is sintered, specifically in a coherent, in particular pressureless, sintering operation at a correspondingly high sintering temperature until a dense or practically non-porous refractory metal component is present.
  • step S9 the debinded and possibly shaped green body 17 is first sintered ("pre-sintered") in step S10, wherein it does not yet reach its dense state, but is porous (open-pored or closed-pored) remains .
  • step Sil the presintered refractory metal work piece is compacted by hot isostatic pressing to form the refractory metal component, in particular compressed without pores, in particular at least approximately to its maximum density.
  • This has the advantage that the temperatures required for hot isostatic pressing lower are inhibited as the sintering temperature required in step S9 and thus grain growth (which increases with increasing temperature).
  • step S a spark plasma sintering step S12 and / or a microwave sintering step S13 may be performed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé (S1-S13) de production d'un élément en métal réfractaire, comprenant les étapes consistant à : prendre (S4) une matière à extruder (M) qui présente une poudre de métal réfractaire constituée au moins d'un métal réfractaire et/ou d'un composé de ce dernier et au moins d'un liant ; et extruder (S5) la matière à extruder (M) pour obtenir au moins un corps cru (17); l'étape d'extrusion (S5) de la matière à extruder (M) étant suivie d'une étape de traitement thermique (S7) dudit au moins un corps cru (17). Un élément en métal réfractaire a été produit selon le procédé (S1-S13). L'invention peut s'appliquer notamment à des tubes à rayons X ou des réacteurs de fusion, notamment pour une surface d'une anode à rayons X ou bien une paroi ou un composant structural d'un réacteur de fusion.
PCT/EP2013/065211 2012-09-24 2013-07-18 Production d'un élément en métal réfractaire WO2014044432A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012217188.6 2012-09-24
DE201210217188 DE102012217188A1 (de) 2012-09-24 2012-09-24 Herstellen eines Refraktärmetall-Bauteils

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021110827A1 (fr) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-10 Grundfos Holding A/S Procédé de fabrication d'un composant composite à résistivité électrique variable le long d'une direction longitudinale
EP3907022A1 (fr) * 2020-05-08 2021-11-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication d'une couche de matière

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WO2007147792A1 (fr) 2006-06-22 2007-12-27 H.C. Starck Gmbh Procédé de fabrication de corps moulés en métaux réfractaires

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