WO2014029499A1

WO2014029499A1 - Gable roof-shaped pv generator on ground support elements

Info

Publication number: WO2014029499A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/002508
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernard Beck
Original assignee: Adensis Gmbh
Priority date: 2012-08-23
Filing date: 2013-08-20
Publication date: 2014-02-27
Also published as: DE102012016807A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement of two adjacent PV module units (11) retained by support elements (1a, 1b) at a specifiable height above the ground (U). Each PV module unit (11) has a boundary edge (G) with the adjacent PV module unit (11) and a PV module unit edge (12) facing away from the boundary edge. The support elements (1a, 1b) are arranged exclusively on the side of the respective PV module unit edge (12) that faces away from the boundary edge, and the boundary edges (G) are at a greater distance (A) from the ground (U) than the PV module unit edges (12) that face away from the boundary edges. An efficient substructure for free-standing systems is achieved with these measures.

Description

Gable roof-shaped PV generator on ground support elements

The invention relates to an arrangement of two adjacent PV module units held by support elements at a predeterminable height above the ground, each PV module unit having a boundary edge to the adjacent PV module unit and a PV module unit edge facing away from the boundary edge.

In the construction of photovoltaic open space systems usually a support structure is erected for the plurality of photovoltaic modules, which consists of columns of different lengths. On the supports transverse bars are arranged, which extend over the supports of the same length. Again transversely to the transom a plurality of parallel bars is arranged in a grid, which is adapted to the length or width of the photovoltaic modules. On the spars then the actual framed or unframed PV modules are attached by means of brackets. The shorter columns have a length of about 1.2 meters and the longer columns can reach lengths of up to 3 meters or more. Supports of the known lengths require a secure anchoring in the ground, which in turn causes additional costs in the form of pile work or incorporation of foundations. The high supports offer the advantage that the photovoltaic modules are freely accessible to a fitter from below, without having to stoop or distort them. This is especially important for the subsequent care of the terrain on which the photovoltaic system is. For reasons of environmental protection, this is usually a green area, which must be regularly mowed in the summer.

In recent years, a dramatic decline in prices for photovoltaic modules has been observed, which is likely to continue. It follows that in contrast to earlier than the steel and / or wooden construction of the scaffold accounted for about 10 percent of the equipment costs, today a share of the total cost of 20% to 30% for the substructure must be stated. It is therefore important to maintain the competitiveness, lower the cost of the substructure.

At the Intersolar 2012 in Munich Schüco presented an arrangement of the type mentioned above for mounting on a roof. In the arrangement shown, the PV module units are facing each other in the manner of a saddle roof and connected together at the top. In a transmission of the system shown

CONFIRMATION COPY Problems may be expected on an open-space installation in that the receiving elements intended for resting on a roof structure are not suitable for use on natural ground. In addition, the natural subsurface of an open space system consists of soil and grassy vegetation, the latter shrouding the PV modules if the known support bearings were used on natural ground, since grass would grow much higher than the level of PV modules on the open space. Corresponding yield losses would be expected.

An arrangement is known from EP 2 154 729 A1, in which, starting from a common corner, there are four PV modules which extend in each case in a diagonally inclined upward direction. The arrangement of four PV modules is taken in a circumferential supporting frame on the further support is not discussed further. A variant with support elements suggests that the support frame is supported from below via a central support element, run out of the obliquely upwardly extending arms.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a structurally simple and inexpensive substructure for a photovoltaic open space generator, which is also suitable for a construction of low height.

This object is achieved in that the support elements are partially introduced into the ground and are arranged exclusively on the side of the PV module unit edge, the marginal edges have a greater distance from the ground than the remote PV module unit edges. Thus, an aerodynamic disadvantage is accepted to the extent that in order to avoid the efficiency of the PV generator negatively influencing grass growth above the PV modules, they are set high. The aerodynamic disadvantage arises from the fact that in high-set PV modules, the wind can undercut these at high speed, which may mean the risk of flying away from PV modules or entire areas of the PV generator. This disadvantage is taken into account by the fact that the anchoring in the ground a corresponding counterforce is available, which counteracts wind-induced lifting of PV modules.

It should be noted that a PV module unit can consist of a single PV module of any size or of several PV modules, in particular behind or next to each other. When using the term "direct or indirect" connection, fastening and the like, it is understood that the term components, ie, directly with each other, or with the help of other not mentioned by name components, such as screws, rivets, brackets, brackets, etc., which may have no direct contact of the components involved result.

It is particularly advantageous if the marginal edge and the remote PV module unit edge of both PV module units run parallel to the substrate substantially in the north-south direction. By this measure, in conjunction with a continuous placement of the available outdoor area without a required adherence to distances between PV module units to prevent shadows, a particularly effective operation of the photovoltaic generator can be achieved. As a side or edge of the module unit is to be understood with the use of framed PV modules of the frame and in the use of unframed photovoltaic modules in particular their glass edges and / or PV modules with lower side rails (back rails) whose ends.

To achieve a structurally simple substructure, it is advantageous if the support elements have at their head end, in particular centrally to the support element arranged cross member, are provided at both ends fastening points for direct or indirect attachment of the remote module unit edges. Depending on a support element then provides two support points for fixing the PV unit available. The PV units themselves may be designed as bearing surfaces, which are arranged at the two ends of the cross member, on which a module frame or a rear rail or other connecting means between two support elements are supported. Instead of a plurality of aligned cross beams and a single long cross member, which is also referred to as a transverse loader can be used, which is supported over several support elements away. This offers the advantage that with a more inaccurate mounting of the support elements nevertheless a desired grid spacing for the fastening means can be achieved.

The support elements may on the bottom side means, for example in the form of a plate, which is to be understood as a constructive measure that prevents unimpeded penetration of the support element in the ground. It may therefore be anti-Eindringbauteile having wing-like ridges in the manner of a ski pole, or flat sheets or concrete slices, etc. In particular, in addition to the anti-Eindringteil this may be provided below with a rod. In this case, every elongated component is called a rod. stood, such as a solid rod, a square tube, a round tube, etc., which is suitable to rigidly connect the plate with a support plate. The rod can be extended at the bottom of the plate by a piece, so that a spike is formed, which is intended to penetrate into the ground. The mandrel prevents lateral slippage of the ground support and also offers a small contribution to counteract a wind-induced buoyancy. However, the buoyancy force is essentially countered by the dead weight of the assembled PV modules, which prevents the ground support from lifting off the ground.

If an oblique bearing surface is provided, from which the connection means between two opposite support elements run out, the inclined support surface is in particular designed as a fold, including any type of RICH the face of the platen direction changes is understood. A downwardly facing edge has an obliquely downward surface result. The fold itself may be a clear edge, but also a curve or any other suitable shape, which has the desired change in direction of the support surface result. In this case, an additional component, such. a set sheet metal strip, are used.

The measures mentioned offer the particular advantage that the heavy components of the classic substructures such as columns, crossbeams and spars are eliminated and replaced by a variety of light and handy floor supports.

This makes it possible to design the distance between the plate and the support surface between 30 cm and 100 cm, in particular between 40 cm and 80 cm, and particularly preferably between 50 and 60 cm. The supports for the photovoltaic modules are thus relatively short compared to the prior art, which reduces the cost of materials. Due to the low overall height, wind can not undercut the substructure and generate correspondingly high buoyancy forces under the photovoltaic modules, as is the case with higher-placed PV modules. The photovoltaic modules are virtually dipping into the landscape and offer little access to wind.

As will be explained in detail later with reference to the figures, the connecting means may have very different designs, which partly manage with and without the involvement of structural elements of the PV modules. The following non-exhaustive list gives an excerpt of possible design elements that may be involved in the connection means: a V-shaped rail with pitched modular edge supports, where the pitch of the PV module width corresponds to the PV modules used in the PV module units; two profile rail halves, which are connected together centrally via a connecting element, wherein the connecting element is in particular at the same time a module edge holder; when using frameless PV modules, the back side rail (s) known to be "backrail"; when using framed PV modules, a part of the frame; a strut supported against the support; dimensional support structure.

In order to avoid damage due to friction between the connection means connecting two support elements and the PV module units, it is expedient if at least one spacer is fastened on the connection means or on the PV module unit, which establishes a direct contact between the connection means and the PV module unit prevented. Additional spacers are required to prevent collision of adjacent photovoltaic module units. At least one spacer should be arranged at the apex of the V-shaped connecting means, be it as a flat band or as a rail.

As mentioned above, this arrangement is intended in particular for low-profile photovoltaic panels. In addition, it can also be used for high-building fields, in particular in the range between 190 cm and 240 cm, when the outside lying on the field edge support elements are clamped for fixing obliquely or from solid components, such as. IPE carrier, are made. In this way, darkened greenhouses can be created for the growth of shade trees, which also act as energy suppliers.

Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description of embodiments with reference to FIGS. Show it: 1 is a perspective view of two support elements with two on one

Profile rail fixed PV modules;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2a-2c detail section images to Fig. 2;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a series of three construction units having a plurality of PV modules mounted on rails;

4 shows a longitudinal section of the view of FIG. 3:

Fig. 5 connecting means between two support elements by means

Module rear side rails;

Fig. 5a is a detail view of Fig. 5;

Fig. 6 connecting means between two support elements by means of two

separate profile rail halves;

Fig. 6a is a detail view of Fig. 6;

Fig. 7 connecting means between two support elements by means

PV module frame;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a field with several

Arrangements according to FIG. 3;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of FIG. 8; FIG.

FIG. 10 shows a cross section XVII-XVII from FIG. 16; FIG.

Fig. 11 shows a mounting of PV modules on the connecting means

via an adhesive or snap-in element; and

Fig. 12 is a high system with stabilized edge supports.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of two support elements 1a, 1b, wherein each support element 1a, 1b has a cross member 3 at its upper head end 2. The cross member 3 is preferably mounted centrally on the respective support member 1a, 1b, so that an equal load at its two ends 5a, 5b is transmitted symmetrically to the support member 1 a, 1 b. Between the two opposite ends 5a of the cross member 3, a first rail 21 a is arranged and between the two opposite ends 5 b in a similar manner, a second rail 21 b. The arrangement shown is the smallest unit that can be used. On the rails 21 a, 21 b module brackets or module edge holder 9 are mounted, the two photovoltaic module units 1 1, short PV module units, fix, said in the apex S or the center of the rails 21 a, 21 b arranged module edge holder with the reference numeral 9a is provided and arranged on the profile rail end module edge holder with the reference numeral 9b. In the present case, therefore, each PV module unit 1 1 comprises a single PV module. Thus, in this case, the module edge arranged at the higher level is at the same time an edge G to the adjacent PV module unit 1 1, which also consists only of a single PV module. The edge of the PV module unit 1 1 facing away from the boundary edge G, which at the same time corresponds to the lower PV module edge in the present exemplary embodiment, is provided with the reference numeral 12.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section along the line II-II from which the arrangement of the components involved so far, i.e. Support elements 1 a, 1 b, cross member 3, rails 21 a, 21 b, module edge holder 9 a, 9 b and PV module units 1 1, is shown from a different view. The distance between two adjacent module edge holders 9, 9a, 9b is referred to as a grid spacing R, regardless of the position of the module edge holder 9, 9a, 9b at the edge of the rail 21, in the middle or in the course of the rail length. From FIG. 2 it can be seen that the distance A of the apex point S or of the boundary edge G to the ground U is higher than the distance Ai between the ground U and the remote module unit edge 12.

In FIG. 2, three detail images 2a, 2b and 2c are identified by circles. The first detailed view 2a shows the centrally arranged module edge holder 9a, which has a first and a second insertion pocket or groove 13a or 13b for the edge of the left and the right PV module unit 11, respectively. The module edge holder 9a is in particular formed in one piece, wherein optionally in the lower region a passage is provided, through which a rail 21a, 21b can be performed. In this variant, the complete number of module edge holder 9, 9a, 9b, which is required for the intended PV module number of a PV module unit 1 1, before fixing the rail 21 a, 21 b to the cross member ends 5a and 5b on the Rail 21 be threaded. There are also module edge holder 9, 9a, 9b possible which consist of two or more parts, so that they subsequently, with already fixed rail 21a, 21b can still be mounted on this.

The second detail figure 2b shows the same situation at one end of the rail 21a, 21b. The module edge holder 9b has only a single insertion groove 13. From the figure 2c is still a spacer 19 can be seen, which supports the back of the PV module when using large PV modules in the PV module unit 11.

Another alternative to the connecting means provides to use a relatively rigid, V-shaped preformed rail 21a, 21b. Then there is a one-piece lanyard, which can be fitted prefabricated with all PV modules. The PV module units define then so that in each case all PV modu | e, which lie between one of the support members 1 a or 1 b and the vertex S, as a PV module unit are to be understood within the meaning of this application. The same situation arises in the case of pre-bent arc segments or arch elements which have a support element support area which is higher than the sink point of the arch element.

Figures 3 and 4 show a series of three construction units according to the figure 1, wherein instead of a single PV module, the PV module unit 11 now has three juxtaposed PV modules. Correspondingly, the boundary edge G is the upper module edge of the uppermost PV module and the remote PV module unit edge 12 is the lower module edge of the lowest-lying PV module. Another variation of this embodiment is that the PV module units 11 are now supported and held by the adjacent profile rails 21a, 21b of various support members 3. From the sectional view IV-IV of Figure 4 can be seen the three different types of module edge holders 9, 9a, 9b, wherein the central module edge holder 9a differs from the other module edge holders 9 in that it has a V-shaped passage 15 and not one more just like the other module edge holders 9, which are arranged between the PV modules of a PV module unit 11. V-shaped means that the part itself has the shape of a V, ie a point or a curve with two adjoining legs and not that the cross-section of the profile itself is designed as V. The cross-section may have any suitable rigid shape, with a simple box profile, possibly provided with reinforcing webs, sufficient. The rails 21 can in the simplest case be a flat band or profile strips with several crooked ridges, so that a little or no bending through connecting means between the support elements 1a, 1b is present.

FIGS. 5 and 5a show a variant that can be used when recourse is made to PV module units 11, each having one or more frameless PV modules with rear side rails 23. In general, each of the frameless PV modules has two of these back rails, which are inherently stable enough to perform a supporting function for the frameless PV module The connection means between the support elements 1a and 1b then comprise the back side rails 23 in conjunction with a set of rigid shoes 25 with two recesses in the case of two rear side rails 23 to be joined as shown in the case of Figure 5, or only one recess if only one located on the outer edge of the PV module unit 11 Rear side rail 23 with the end 5a, 5b of the cross member 3 is to be connected.

6 shows a detail of the arrangement according to the invention, in which the connecting means between the support elements 1a, 1b comprises two profile rail halves 27a, 27b each extending from a support element 1a, 1b upwards in a v-shape and at the apex S open into a ridge 29, where its two ends are fixed by a rigid connecting element 31 to each other. The profile rail halves 27a, 27b may possibly be asymmetrical.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment for framed PV modules. These have a circumferential frame 37, whose sections along the module width B at the same time form part of the connecting means between the support elements 1a, 1b, which bridges the distance between the two support elements 1a, 1b. The sections along the longitudinal side of the PV modules are also to be regarded as part of the connection means by connecting adjacent PV modules there via a rigid module edge holder 9, 9a, 9b.

FIG. 8 shows the perspective view of a field 41 with a plurality of arrangements according to FIG. 3, and FIG. 9 shows a plan view and FIG. 10 shows a cross-section to the panel 41. In particular from FIG. 10 it becomes clear that at the upper and the lower vertex , corresponding to the ridges and throats of the roof-like construction, special shapes of module edge brackets 9 are useful for their design, parameters, how the intended inclination of the PV module units 11 to each other, the PV module type, possibly the attachment to the cross member 3, etc. are used.

In Figure 11, it is shown how the PV modules of the PV module units 11 are not connected to the connecting means, e.g. the V-rail 21, but by means of several adhesive pads 45 or more locking or clamping connections, etc., which are mounted on the back of the PV modules. A suitable position of the adhesive pads 45 is e.g. approximately one quarter of the module length and module width of the longitudinal or transverse edge of the PV module indented. The adaptation to the width of the PV modules then looks like that there is a grid dimension R 'that makes up about half of the module width. In general, therefore, the dimension R, R 'is to be understood as the dimension with which the elements supporting the PV modules, irrespective of their type, are connected to the connection means.

FIG. 12 shows a raised arrangement according to the invention. As mentioned above, this construction serves as a greenhouse for shade plants, whereby also its side surfaces can be equipped depending on the direction of the sky with PV modules or glass panes. The PV module units 11 or the PV modules forming them can be purposefully separated from one another by joints, in order to achieve a defined incidence of light and an outflow of rainwater to defined locations.

The outer support elements 1a, 1b are obliquely braced for fixing by means of a steel cable or consist of solid components, such as e.g. IPE supports (43) anchored in the subsurface U. This protective measure against damage which occurs due to the action of transverse forces on the field 41, are particularly useful in the here considered, low-building fields 41 with low height of 40 cm to 100 cm.

Even with the use of a rigid connecting means, more complex components than profile rails 21a, 21b can be considered, so that at the same time a significant contribution to the stability is made. Thus, e.g. the connection means on the outer support elements 1a, 1b of the panel 41 are designed as a three-dimensional support structure, which includes components such as a truss frame, a honeycomb structure, a node structure, a wave structure and the like.

In the following, explicit reference is made to further, essential embodiments of the support elements: The first attachment element comprises a support plate for the edge of one or more, which has on opposite sides each one at the angle (a) upwardly facing edge and the second attachment element comprises a support plate for the edge of one or more photovoltaic modules, which at opposite Pages each having a below the angle (a) downwardly facing edge, wherein the plate and the support plate of each floor support are connected to each other via a rod.

Arranged on the underside of the plate is a mandrel which can be driven into the terrain and which is formed in particular by a tapered extension of the rod.

The rod is round and at least in an upper portion of an external thread is provided, which is aligned with a central hole with internal thread, which is arranged between the respective opposite folds of the support plate.

The rod is round and has at least in a lower portion of an external thread, which is aligned with a central hole with internal thread, which is arranged in the center of the plate.

The support plates are made of a flexible material, so that a caused by different sagging of the ground supports in the terrain torsion is intercepted within the support plates.

The bottom of the plate is provided with an anti-slip structure, and / or on the plates a load weight is provided.

Each contact surface is provided with a threaded hole for receiving a clip and module with an upwardly facing centering pin which engages in the mounted state in a congruent recess or inside corner in the frame of the photovoltaic module.

The distance between the plate and the platen is between 30 cm and 100 cm, in particular between 40 cm and 80 cm, and particularly preferably between 50 and 60 cm. The first floor supports and the second floor supports each form a plurality of rows parallel to one another, wherein a row of second floor supports is located between two rows of first floor supports.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 a, 1 b supporting elements

head

crossbeam

a, 5b ends cross member

, 9a, 9b module edge holder

1 1 PV module unit

12 opposite module edge

13 insertion groove

19 spacers

21, 21 a, 21 b V profile rail

23 rear side rail

25 shoe

27a, 27b profile rail halves

29 throat

31 connecting element

37 module frame

41 PV module field

43 IPE carriers

45 adhesive pad

47 steel rope

A, Ai distance

R, R 'pitch U Underground G Border margin B Module width K Loading force S Vertex

Claims

claims

Arrangement of two adjacent, by supporting elements (1a, 1b) in a predetermined height above the base (U) held PV module units (11), each PV module unit (11) has a marginal edge (G) to the adjacent PV module unit ( 11) and a marginal edge (G) facing away from the PV module unit edge (12), characterized in that the support elements (1a, 1b) partially in the substrate (U) introduced and exclusively on the side of the remote PV module unit edge (12 ), wherein the boundary edges (G) have a greater distance (A) to the substrate (U) than the remote PV module unit edges (12).

Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the boundary edge (G) and the remote PV module unit edge (12) of both PV module units (11) extend substantially parallel to the substrate (U).

Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support elements (1a, 1b) at its head end (2), in particular centrally arranged cross member (3), at its two ends (5a, 5b) attachment points for direct or indirect attachment the remote module unit edges (12) are provided.

Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two mutually opposite supporting elements (1a, 1b) via a connecting means (21a; 21b; 23; 27a; 27b; 37) are connected to each other, to which both PV module units (11) are arranged.

Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one structural element of the connecting means is selected from the following group: a V-shaped profiled rail (21) arranged in the grid spacing (R) module holders, in particular module edge holders (9, 9a, 9b), wherein the Pitch is adapted to the PV module width (B) of the PV modules used in the PV module units (11); a curved profile rail (21) with arranged in the grid spacing (R) module holders, in particular module edge holders (9, 9a, 9b), wherein the grid spacing to the PV module width (B) of the PV module units (11) used PV modules is adjusted; two profile rail halves (27a, 27b), which are connected to each other in the center via a connecting element (31), wherein the connecting element is in particular at the same time a module edge holder (9, 9a, 9b); when using frameless PV modules, the back side rail (s) (23) called this inherent backbone (s); when framed PV modules are used, part of their frame (37); a strut supported against the support member (1a, 1b); and a three-dimensional support structure.

Arrangement according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that on the connecting means at least one spacer (19) is fixed, which prevents contact of adjacent photovoltaic modules and / or direct contact between the connecting means and the PV module unit.

Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the spacer (19) is arranged at the top vertex (S) of the V-shaped connecting means.

Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of the arrangements are connected to a photovoltaic array (41), and that a plurality of aligned in a row supporting elements support a single transverse loader.

Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a plurality of the arrangements are connected to a photovoltaic array (41), and that the outboard edge support elements (1a, 1b) are obliquely braced for fixing or solid components such. an IPE support (43) or a concrete element, manufactured or provided with other means that prevent deflection of the support member from the vertical.