DE102012016671A1 - PV generator with eaves drain - Google Patents

Abstract

An arrangement of two adjacent PV module units (11) held by support elements (1a, 1b) at a predeterminable height above the ground (U) is presented. Each PV module unit (11) has a border edge (G) to the neighboring PV module unit and a PV module unit edge (12) facing away from the border edge (G). The support elements (1a, 1b) are arranged exclusively on the side of the respective remote PV module unit edge (12), and the border edges (G) have a smaller distance (A) to the substrate (U) than the remote PV module unit edges (12) . These measures ensure that rainwater that runs off does not seep into the subsurface (U) in the area of the support elements (1a, 1b) and can lead to uncontrolled sinking and corrosion of the same.

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement of two adjacent PV module units held by support elements at a predeterminable height above the ground, each PV module unit having a boundary edge to the adjacent PV module unit and a PV module unit edge facing away from the boundary edge.

In the construction of photovoltaic open space systems usually a support structure is erected for the plurality of photovoltaic modules, which consists of columns of different lengths. On the supports transverse bars are arranged, which extend over the supports of the same length. Again transversely to the transom a plurality of parallel bars is arranged in a grid, which is adapted to the length or width of the photovoltaic modules. On the spars then the actual framed or unframed PV modules are attached by means of brackets. The shorter columns have a length of about 1.2 meters and the longer columns can reach lengths of up to 3 meters or more. Supports of the known lengths require a secure anchoring in the ground, which in turn causes additional costs in the form of pile work or incorporation of foundations. The high supports offer the advantage that the photovoltaic modules are freely accessible to a fitter from below, without having to stoop or distort them. This is especially important for the subsequent care of the terrain on which the photovoltaic system is. For reasons of environmental protection, this is usually a green area, which must be regularly mowed in the summer.

In recent years, a dramatic decline in prices for photovoltaic modules has been observed, which is likely to continue. It follows that in contrast to earlier than the steel and / or wooden construction of the scaffold accounted for about 10 percent of the equipment costs, today a share of the total cost of 20% to 30% for the substructure must be stated. It is therefore important to maintain the competitiveness, lower the cost of the substructure.

At the Intersolar 2012 in Munich Schüco presented an arrangement of the type mentioned above for mounting on a roof. In the arrangement shown, the PV module units are facing each other in the manner of a saddle roof and connected together at the top. In a transfer of the system shown on a ground-mounted system problems may be expected to the effect that the running water runs directly into the support area and there can lead to mud and corrosion. The former causes an uncontrolled sinking of the support elements in the ground and the second in the long term, a weakening of the support elements.

From the EP 2 154 729 AB1 An arrangement is known in which starting from a common corner, four each two-axis inclined upwardly extending PV modules are provided. The arrangement of four PV modules is taken in a circumferential supporting frame on the further support is not discussed further. A variant with support elements suggests that the support frame is supported from below via a central support element, run out of the obliquely upwardly extending arms. Again, there is a drainage of rainwater in the column area with the expected disadvantages.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a structurally simple and inexpensive substructure for a photovoltaic open space generator, which is also suitable for a construction of low height and which avoids the above-mentioned with respect to the prior art disadvantages.

This object is achieved in that the support elements are arranged exclusively on the side of the respective remote PV module unit edge, and that the marginal edges have a smaller distance from the ground than the remote PV module unit edges. This measure ensures that water draining from the PV modules drips onto the surface at the point furthest from the support elements. As a result, it remains dry in the area of the support elements and no undesirable lowering of the support elements into the ground is to be expected. Furthermore, the dry area prevents corrosion of the support elements, which can be made even easier and more cost-effective. In addition, an undesirable growth on the support elements is minimized or prevented by the dryness, which contributes to lower maintenance and care costs. Such growth is particularly harmful if it grows through existing joints on the PV module level and thus causes loss of revenue by shading photovoltaic cells. This effect then occurs increasingly under the apex area, but this is easier to handle because, due to the absence of disturbing support elements, these are no obstacle to the lawnmower. It should be noted that a PV module unit may consist of a single PV module of any size or of several PV modules, in particular one behind the other. When using the term "direct or indirect" connection, attachment and the like is under it understood that the components involved directly, so can be connected directly to each other or with the help of other not mentioned by name components such. As screws, rivets, brackets, tabs, etc., which may have no direct contact of the components involved result. The term connecting means to be used later is to be understood as meaning a single structural component or the commonality of several structural components which are suitable for bridging the distance between the floor supports and at the same time for carrying the weight of the photovoltaic modules with considered snow load, wind load, etc.

It is particularly advantageous if the boundary edge and the remote PV module unit edge of both PV module units run parallel to the substrate essentially in the north-south direction. By this measure, in conjunction with a continuous placement of the available outdoor area without a required adherence to distances between PV module units to prevent shadows, a particularly effective operation of the photovoltaic generator can be achieved. When framed PV modules are used, the edge or edge of the module unit is the frame and, when using unframed PV modules, in particular, the glass edges thereof and / or PV modules with bottom rails (backrails) their ends.

To achieve a structurally simple substructure, it is advantageous if the support elements have at their head end, in particular centrally to the support element arranged cross member, are provided at both ends fastening points for direct or indirect attachment of the remote module unit edges. One support element then provides two support points for fixing the PV unit. The PV units themselves may be designed as bearing surfaces, which are arranged at the two ends of the cross member, on which a module frame or a rear rail or other connecting means between two support elements are supported. Instead of several lying in alignment cross members and a single long cross member can be used, which is supported over several support elements away. This offers the advantage that with a more inaccurate mounting of the support elements nevertheless a desired grid spacing for the fastening means can be achieved.

The support elements can on the bottom side means, for. B. in the form of a plate, which is to be understood as a constructive measure that prevents unimpeded penetration of the support element in the ground. It may therefore be anti-Eindringbauteile having wing-like ridges in the manner of a ski pole, or flat sheets or concrete slices, etc. In particular, in addition to the anti-Eindringteil this may be provided below with a rod. Under rod while every elongated component is understood, such. As a solid rod, a square tube, a round tube, etc., which is suitable to rigidly connect the plate with a support plate. The rod can be extended at the bottom of the plate by a piece, so that a spike is formed, which is intended to penetrate into the ground. The mandrel prevents lateral slippage of the ground support and also offers a small contribution to counteract a wind-induced buoyancy. However, the buoyancy force is essentially countered by the dead weight of the assembled PV modules, which prevents the ground support from lifting off the ground.

If an inclined support surface is provided, from which the connecting means between two opposing support elements, so the inclined support surface is in particular designed as a fold, under which any kind of change in direction of the surface of the support plate is understood. A downwardly facing edge has an obliquely downward surface result. The fold itself may be a clear edge, but also a curve or any other suitable shape, which has the desired change in direction of the support surface result. In this case, an additional component such. As an applied sheet metal strips are used.

The measures mentioned offer the particular advantage that the heavy components of the classic substructures such as columns, crossbeams and spars are eliminated and replaced by a variety of light and handy floor supports.

This makes it possible to design the distance between the plate and the support surface between 30 cm and 100 cm, in particular between 40 cm and 80 cm, and particularly preferably between 50 and 60 cm. The supports for the photovoltaic modules are thus relatively short compared to the prior art, which reduces the cost of materials. Due to the low overall height, wind can not undercut the substructure and generate correspondingly high buoyancy forces under the photovoltaic modules, as is the case with higher-placed PV modules. The photovoltaic modules are virtually dipping into the landscape and offer little access to wind.

Instead of a drivable at the bottom of the plate into the terrain mandrel as a pointed extension of the rod, as a support element, only a resting on the floor frame or box construction be taken as they are in their own application DE 10 2012 008 001.8 is described. The content of this application should be integrated with respect to the execution of the support elements, the support options on the ground, the connection between the support elements, the anchoring possibilities in the ground and the means for fixing PV module units on the connecting means in the disclosure of the present application.

• – ein Seil mit im Rasterabstand angeordneten Modulkantenhaltern, wobei der Rasterabstand der PV-Modulbreite der bei den PV-Moduleinheiten verwendeten PV-Module entspricht;
• – ein Gurt mit im Rasterabstand angeordneten Modulkantenhaltern, wobei der Rasterabstand der PV-Modulbreite der bei den PV-Moduleinheiten verwendeten PV-Module entspricht;
• – eine v-förmige Profilschiene mit im Rasterabstand angeordneten Modulkantenhaltern, wobei der Rasterabstand der PV-Modulbreite der bei den PV-Moduleinheiten verwendeten PV-Module entspricht;
• – zwei Profilschienenhälften, die mittig über ein Verbindungselement miteinander verbunden sind, wobei das Verbindungselement insbesondere zugleich ein Modulkantenhalter ist;
• – bei Verwendung von rahmenlosen PV-Modulen die, diesen inhärente(n), „backrail” genannte(n) Rückseitenschiene(n);
• – bei Verwendung von gerahmten PV-Modulen ein Teil deren Rahmens;
• – eine ursprünglich gerade Profilschiene mit einer Sollbiegestelle, die bei Belastung mit den PV-Moduleinheiten gezielt einknickt;
• – eine gegen das Stützelement abgestützte Verstrebung; und
• – eine drei-dimensionale Trägerstruktur.

As will be explained in detail later with reference to the figures, the connecting means may have very different designs, which partly manage with and without the involvement of structural elements of the PV modules. The following non-exhaustive list gives an excerpt of possible design elements that may be involved in the connection means:

• A rope with modular edge holders arranged at a pitch, the pitch of the PV module width corresponding to the PV modules used in the PV module units;
• A belt with modular edge holders arranged at a pitch, wherein the pitch of the PV module width corresponds to the PV modules used in the PV module units;
• - A V-shaped rail with spaced module edge holders, wherein the grid spacing of the PV module width corresponds to the PV modules used in the PV module units;
• - Two profile rail halves, which are connected together centrally via a connecting element, wherein the connecting element is in particular at the same time a module edge holder;
• When using frameless PV modules, the back side rail (s) called this "backrail";
• - when using framed PV modules, part of their frame;
• - An originally straight rail with a predetermined bending point, which selectively buckles when loaded with the PV module units;
• - A supported against the support element strut; and
• A three-dimensional support structure.

The term rope is intended in the present application as a synonym for any flexible, elongate connection means that is suitable to safely carry the PV module units. These include z. As a belt, a braid, a foil tape, etc., where there should be no material restriction.

In order to avoid damage due to friction between the connection means connecting two support elements and the PV module units, it is expedient if at least one spacer is fastened on the connection means or on the PV module unit, which establishes a direct contact between the connection means and the PV module unit prevented. Additional spacers are required to prevent collision of adjacent photovoltaic module units. At least one spacer should be arranged at the apex of the v-shaped connecting means, be it as a flat band or as a rail. The equivalent point when using a rope or belt is in the middle of the sagging strap or rope. In the latter arrangement, it is useful if a plurality of spacers are provided, which define a different distance between the rope / belt on the one hand and the PV module unit on the other. Thus, a uniform pressure distribution over the bottom of the PV module unit can take place, which is especially important when intercepting a snow load.

As mentioned above, this arrangement is intended in particular for low-profile photovoltaic panels. In addition, it can also be used for high-building fields, in particular in the range between 190 cm and 240 cm, when the outside lying on the field edge support elements are braced for fixing obliquely or made of solid components, such. As IPE-carrier, are made. In this way, darkened greenhouses can be created for the growth of shade trees, which also act as energy suppliers.

Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description of embodiments with reference to FIGS. Show it:

1 a perspective view of two support elements with two mounted on ropes PV modules;

2 a longitudinal section of the view of 1 ;

2a - 2c Detail section pictures too 2 ;

three a perspective view of three support elements with a plurality of mounted on ropes PV modules;

4 a longitudinal section of the view of three ;

5 a perspective view of three support elements with a plurality of mounted on a rail PV modules;

6 a longitudinal section of the view of 5 ;

7 Connecting means between two support members by means of module back rails;

7a a detailed view too 7 ;

8th Connecting means between two support elements by means of two separate profile rail halves;

8a a detailed view too 8th ;

9 a profile rail with predetermined bending in supervision;

10 a section along the section line XX of 9 ;

11 a section along the section line XI-XI the 9 ;

12 a section after stress-induced deflection of the rail with predetermined bending point;

13 Connecting means between two support elements by means of PV module frame;

14 a sectional view of two support elements with two mounted on a cable large modules;

15 a perspective view of a field with multiple arrangements according to the 5 ;

16 a supervision too 15 ;

17 a cross-section XVII-XVII from 16 ;

18 an attachment of PV modules on the connecting means via an adhesive or latching element; and

19 a high system with stabilized edge supports.

In the 1 is a perspective view of two support elements 1a . 1b shown, with each support element 1a . 1b at the top of his head 2 a crossbeam three having. The crossbeam three is preferably centered on the respective support element 1a . 1b attached, leaving an equal load at both ends 5a . 5b symmetrical on the support element 1a . 1b is transmitted. Between the two opposite ends 5a the crossbeam three is a first rope 7a arranged and between the two opposite ends 5b in a similar way a rope 7b , The arrangement shown is the smallest unit that can be used. On the ropes 7a . 7b are module brackets or module edge brackets 9 mounted, the two photovoltaic module units 11 Fix, briefly called PV module units, with the at the vertex S or the middle of the rope 7a . 7b arranged module edge holder with the reference numeral 9a is provided and arranged at the end of the cable module edge holder with the reference numeral 9b , In the present case therefore includes each PV module unit 11 a single PV module. Thus, in this case, the module edge arranged at a lower level is at the same time an edge G to the adjacent PV module unit 11 which also consists of only a single PV module. The edge of the PV module unit facing away from the boundary edge G. 11 , which also corresponds to the upper PV module edge in the present embodiment, is denoted by the reference numeral 12 Mistake.

The 2 shows a cross section along the line II-II from the arrangement of the far involved components, ie support elements 1a . 1b , Cross member three , Ropes 7a . 7b , Module edge holder 9a . 9b and PV module units 11 , is shown from a different point of view. The distance from two adjacent module edge holders 9 . 9a . 9b is referred to as grid spacing R, regardless of the position of the module edge holder 9 . 9a . 9b on the edge of the rope 7 , in the middle or in the course of the rope length. From the 2 It can be seen that the distance A of the vertex S, or the boundary edge G to the ground U is less than the distance A ₁ between the ground U and the remote module unit edge 12 ,

In the 2 are three details 2a . 2 B and 2c indicated by circles. The first detailed view 2a shows the centered module edge holder 9a , a first and a second pocket or groove 13a , respectively. 13b for the edge of the left or right PV module unit 11 , The module edge holder 9a is in particular formed in one piece, wherein at the bottom of a passage 15 is provided by the rope 7a , respectively. 7b is guided. In this variant, the complete number of module edge holders must 9 . 9a . 9b for the intended PV module number of a PV module unit 11 is needed, before the fixation of the rope 7a . 7b to the cross beam ends 5a respectively. 5b on the rope 7a . 7b be threaded. They are also module edge holders 9 . 9a . 9b possible, which consist of two or more parts, so that they later, with already fixed rope 7a . 7b can still be mounted on this.

The second detail figure 2 B shows the same thing at one end of the rope 7a . 7b , The module edge holder 9b has only a single insertion groove 13 on and it's a jig 17 provided that it allows him to move safely on the rope 7a . 7b to fix. From the 2c is still a spacer 19 apparent when using large PV modules in the PV module unit 11 the back of the PV module supported, and that compared to the missing spacer 19 causes a changed cable guide, which has a stress relief on the edge sides of the PV module result. Due to the resulting tension between the back of the module and the rope 7a . 7b extends a simple clamping groove on the bottom of the spacer 19 out to him with the rope 7a . 7b connect to.

The three shows a series of three construction units after the 1 , wherein instead of a single PV module, the PV module unit 11 now each have three adjacently arranged PV modules. Correspondingly, the boundary edge G is the lower module edge of the lowermost PV module and the remote PV module unit edge 12 is the top edge of the module of the highest PV module. Another variation of this embodiment is that the PV module units 11 now from the neighboring ropes 7a . 7b of different support elements 1a . 1b be worn and held. From the sectional view IV-IV of the 4 you can see the three different types of module edge brackets 9 . 9a . 9b , wherein the central module edge holder 9a from the other module edge holders 9 it differs in that it has a v-shaped implementation 15 and not one more we just at the other module edge holders 9 between the PV modules of a PV module unit 11 are arranged. V-shaped means that the part itself has the shape of a V, ie a lower tip or rounding with two adjoining legs and not that the cross section of the profile itself is designed as V. The cross-section may have any suitable rigid shape, with a simple box profile, possibly provided with reinforcing webs, sufficient.

In the 5 and 6 are the three and 4 corresponding arrangements are shown, wherein instead of the ropes 7a . 7b relative to them relatively rigid rails 21 are provided. The profile rails 21 In the simplest case, they can be a flat strip or also profile strips with a plurality of crooked ridges, so that a connection means which is not or only slightly sags between the support elements 1a . 1b is present.

The 7 and 7a show a variant that can be used when on PV module units 11 each one or more frameless PV modules with back rails 23 have. As a rule, each of the frameless PV modules has two of these back rails, which are inherently strong enough to perform a supporting function for the frameless PV module. The connecting means between the support elements 1a and 1b then cover the back rails 23 in combination with a set of rigid shoes 25 with two recesses in case of two rear rails to be connected 23 as in the case of 7a shown, or only one recess, if only one at the outer edge of the PV module unit 11 lying back rail 23 with the end 5a . 5b of the crossbeam three to connect.

In the 8th with detail figure 8a an arrangement according to the invention is shown in which the connecting means between the support elements 1a . 1b two profile rail halves 27a . 27b includes, each of a support element 1a . 1b starting arcuately or v-shaped extend down and at the apex S in a throat 29 open where their two ends by a rigid connecting element 31 are fixed to each other. The profile rail halves 27a . 27b may possibly be asymmetrical.

Another alternative to the connecting means provides a relatively rigid rail 21 to use, preferably in their middle with a predetermined bending point 33 is provided, as it is in the 9 to 12 is shown. The predetermined bending point 33 consists of a group of holes here 35 , which represent a material weakening, at the profile rail 21 Bends deliberately when a loading force K acts on them. This arrangement has the advantage that the connecting means are permanently under a defined voltage, which is due to the weight of the PV module units 11 is determined. Here is a one-piece lanyard, which can be prefabricated with all PV modules prefabricated. The PV module units are then defined so that in each case all PV modules, between one of the support elements 1a or 1b and the vertex S, are to be understood as a PV module unit in the context of this application. The same situation arises in the case of pre-bent arc segments or arch elements, which have a support element support area which is higher than the sink point of the arch element.

The 13 shows an embodiment for framed PV modules. These have a surrounding frame 37 whose sections along the module width B at the same time a part of the connecting means between the support elements 1a . 1b form the distance between the support elements 1a . 1b bridged. The sections along the longitudinal side of the PV modules are also to be regarded as part of the connection means, by adjacent PV modules there via a rigid module edge holder 9 . 9a . 9b be connected to each other.

In the 14 an arrangement is shown in which each of the two PV module units 11 , which otherwise need not be identical to each other, as a photovoltaic module 39 is designed. For even interception of the on the Connecting means acting module weight here are spacers 19 used of different heights.

The 15 shows the perspective view of a field 41 with several arrangements according to the 5 and the 16 a supervision and 17 a cross section to the field 41 , In particular from the 17 It becomes clear that at the top and bottom vertex, corresponding to the ridges and throats of the roof-like construction, special forms of module edge holders 9 useful for their design, such as the intended slope of the PV module units 11 to each other, the PV module type, if necessary, the attachment to the cross member three etc. are used.

In the 18 is shown as the PV modules of the PV module units 11 not at its module edge with the connecting means, for. B. the V-rail 21 , but by means of several adhesive pads 45 or multiple click or clamp connections, etc., which are mounted on the back of the PV modules, approximately one quarter of the module length at a time and module width from the longitudinal or transverse edge of the PV module. The adaptation to the width of the PV modules then looks like that there is a grid dimension R 'that makes up about half of the module width. In general, therefore, the dimension R, R 'is to be understood as the dimension with which the PV module-carrying elements, regardless of their design, are connected to the connecting means.

In the 19 a high-level arrangement according to the invention is shown. As mentioned above, this construction serves as a greenhouse for shade plants, whereby also its side surfaces can be equipped depending on the sky direction with PV modules or glass panes. The PV module units 11 or the PV modules forming them can be purposefully separated from one another by joints, in order to achieve a defined incidence of light and an outflow of rainwater to defined locations.

The outer support elements 1a . 1b are for fixation by means of a steel cable ( 47 ) obliquely braced or consist of solid components, such as. B. IPE carriers ( 43 ), which are anchored in the subsurface U. This protective measure against damage due to the influence of shear forces on the field 41 Of course, even in low-built fields 41 with a small height of 40 cm to 100 cm makes sense.

In particular, when using a rigid connecting means and more complex components than rails can 21 come into question, so that at the same time a clear contribution to stability is made. So z. B. the connecting means to the outer support elements 1a . 1b of the field 41 be designed as a three-dimensional support structure, which includes components such as a truss frame, a honeycomb structure, a node structure, a wave structure and the like.

• – Das erste Anbindungselement umfasst eine Auflageplatte für den Rand eines oder mehrerer, die an gegenüberliegenden Seiten je eine unter dem Winkel (α) nach oben weisende Abkantung aufweist und das zweite Anbindungselement umfasst eine Auflageplatte für den Rand eines oder mehrerer Photovoltaikmodule, die an gegenüberliegenden Seiten je eine unter dem Winkel (α) nach unten weisende Abkantung aufweist, wobei der Teller und die Auflageplatte jeder Bodenstütze über einen Stab miteinander verbunden sind.
• – An der Unterseite des Tellers ist ein in das Gelände eintreibbarer Dorn angeordnet, der insbesondere durch eine zugespitzte Verlängerung des Stabes gebildet wird.
• – Der Stab ist rund und zumindest in einem oberen Teilbereich ist ein Außengewinde vorgesehen, welches mit einem zentralen Loch mit Innengewinde fluchtet, welches zwischen den jeweils gegenüberliegenden Abkantungen der Auflageplatte angeordnet ist.
• – Der Stab ist rund und weist zumindest in einem unteren Teilbereich ein Außengewinde auf, welches mit einem zentralen Loch mit Innengewinde fluchtet, welches im Zentrum des Tellers angeordnet ist.
• – Die Auflageplatten sind aus einem biegsamen Material gefertigt, so dass eine durch unterschiedliches Absacken der Bodenstützen in das Gelände hervorgerufene Torsion innerhalb der Auflageplatten abgefangen wird.
• – Die Unterseite der Teller ist mit einer Antirutschstruktur versehen, und/oder auf den Tellern ist ein Belastungsgewicht vorgesehen.
• – Jede Auflagefläche ist mit einem Gewindeloch für die Aufnahme einer Modulklammer und mit einem nach oben weisenden Zentrierstift versehen, der im montierten Zustand in eine kongruente Aussparung oder innenliegende Ecke im Rahmen des Photovoltaikmoduls eingreift.
• – Der Abstand zwischen dem Teller und der Auflageplatte beträgt zwischen 30 cm und 100 cm, insbesondere zwischen 40 cm und 80 cm, und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 50 und 60 cm.
• – Die ersten Bodenstützen und die zweiten Bodenstützen bilden jeweils eine Mehrzahl von parallel zueinander verlaufende Reihen, wobei sich zwischen zwei Reihen von ersten Bodenstützen eine Reihe von zweiten Bodenstützen befindet.
• – Die Reihen mit ersten Bodenstützen sind versetzt sind zu den Reihen mit zweiten Bodenstützen (was bei einem Feld von Bodenstützen eine diagonal verlaufende Linie an Stützenpaaren ergibt), so dass bei montierten Photovoltaikmodulen jedes Photovoltaikmodul, bis auf die randseitigen Photovoltaikmodule, an insgesamt drei Auflageplatten befestigt ist.
• – Jeder Stützkörper ist länglich und mit einer Ober- und einer Unterseite versehen, wobei zumindest eine der Ober- oder Unterseite im wesentlichen eben ausgeführt ist, wobei die Oberseite des ersten Stützkörpers mindestens eine nach oben gerichtete Auflagefläche für das Photovoltaikmodul bereitstellt, die Oberseite des zweiten Stützkörpers mindestens eine nach unten gerichtete Auflagefläche für das Photovoltaikmodul aufweist, und wobei der zweite Stützkörper höher ist als der erste Stützkörper (für Ost-West Ausrichtung).
• – Nur eine der Unterseite oder der Oberseite ist eben ausgebildet und die jeweils andere Ober- bzw. Unterseite ist spitz oder konisch zulaufend ausgeführt.
• – Jede der beiden Oberseiten ist mit zwei Auflageflächen versehen, die bei dem ersten Stützkörper von einer gemeinsamen Kehllinie ausgehend unter Bildung eines vorgebbaren Winkels nach oben gerichtet sind und die bei dem zweiten Stützkörper von einer gemeinsamen Firstlinie ausgehend unter Bildung des Winkels nach unten gerichtet sind.
• – Die jeweiligen Oberseiten sind hälftig geteilt, wobei je eine Hälfte eine der unter dem Winkel zueinander stehende Auflagefläche bildet.
• – ein Stützkörper weist eine der folgenden Formen auf:
• i) einen Pyramidenstumpf einer dreiflächigen Pyramide mit den Auflageflächen für das Photovoltaikmodul an den Grundflächen kleineren Querschnitts,
• ii) einen Pyramidenstumpf einer vier- oder mehrflächigen Pyramide mit den Auflageflächen für das Photovoltaikmodul an den Grundflächen kleineren Querschnitts,
• iii) einen Kegelstumpf, mit den Auflageflächen für das Photovoltaikmodul an den Grundflächen kleineren Durchmessers,
• iv) einen Pyramidenstumpf einer dreiflächigen Pyramide mit den Auflageflächen für das Photovoltaikmodul an den Grundflächen größeren Querschnitts,
• v) einen Pyramidenstumpf einer vier- oder mehrflächigen Pyramide mit den Auflageflächen für das Photovoltaikmodul an den Grundflächen größeren Querschnitts,
• vi) einen Kegelstumpf, mit den Auflageflächen für das Photovoltaikmodul an den Grundflächen größeren Durchmessers,
• vii) einen Quader,
• viii) einen Zylinder.
• – Ein Stützkörper wird einem Sockelteil und einem darauf angeordneten Oberteil mit der Auflagefläche gebildet.
• – Ein Stützkörper wird von einem Gestell, einem Hohlkörper oder einer Mischform davon gebildet.
• – Das Gestell bzw. das Oberteil umfasst eine Stange, auf der eine Platte als Auflagefläche mit Abschrägungen angeordnet ist.
• – Die Auflagefläche ist zur Befestigung einer Photomodulklammer vorbereitet.
• – Die Vorbereitung wird durch eine in jede Auflagefläche eingelassene Gewindehülse, durch ein in jede Auflagefläche eingelassene Gewindestange, durch ein in jede Auflagefläche eingelassenes Teilstück einer Klammer, oder durch ein in jede Auflagefläche vorgebohrtes Loch gebildet.
• – Die Auflagefläche hat selber eine Struktur oder ist mit einer strukturierten Unterlage belegt, die einem Verrutschen des Photovoltaikmoduls entgegenwirkt.
• – Das Photovoltaikmodul ist an seiner Unterseite mit einer komplementären Gegenstruktur versehen, die bei montiertem Photovoltaikmodul mit der Struktur verzahnt ist.
• – Das Photovoltaikmodul ist mittels eines Klickverschlusses, eines Klettverschlusses, eines Schnappverschlusses, eines Druckknopfverschlusses oder dergleichen mit der Auflagefläche verbunden.
• – Die Auflagefläche ist mit einem Gewindeloch für die Aufnahme einer Modulklammer und mit einem nach oben weisenden Zentrierstift versehen, der im montierten Zustand in eine kongruente Aussparung im Rahmen oder in einer Rahmenecke des Photovoltaikmoduls eingreift.
• – Die strukturierte Unterlage umfasst Zwischenstege, die bei zwei montierten, benachbarten Photovoltaikmodulen zwischen diesen angeordnet sind.
• – Insbesondere an einer Ecke der Auflageflächen ist ein flächiges Element, wie z. B. ein Polster angeordnet, wobei die Größe der Auflageflächen so bemessen ist, dass das Polster vollständig unter einem montierten Photovoltaikmodul zu liegen kommt, um die Ecken des Photovoltaikmoduls bei Krafteinwirkung auf die Photovoltaikmoduloberfläche zu entlasten. Das Polster kann dabei aus jeglichem Material bestehen, welches weicher ist als das Material der Auflagefläche und/oder der Modulunterseite.
• – Das Polster ist als Klebeteil zur Verklebung der Auflagefläche mit dem Photovoltaikmodul ausgebildet.
• – Die Auflageflächen sind aus einem biegsamen Material gefertigt, so dass eine durch unterschiedliches Absacken der Bodenstützen in das Gelände hervorgerufene Torsion innerhalb der Auflageflächen abgefangen wird.
• – Der Abstand zwischen der Oberseite und der Unterseite beträgt zwischen 30 cm und 100 cm, insbesondere zwischen 40 cm und 80 cm, und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 50 und 60 cm.
• – Das Material, aus dem die Auflageflächen gebildet sind, oder mit dem die Oberfläche der Auflageflächen zusätzlich belegt ist, ist flexibel oder elastisch.

Regarding the inclusion of the disclosure DE 10 2012 008 001.8 will be referred to again in the following again in more detail described there, essential embodiments of the support elements:

• - The first connection element comprises a support plate for the edge of one or more, which has on opposite sides each one at the angle (α) upwardly facing edge and the second connection element comprises a support plate for the edge of one or more photovoltaic modules, which on opposite sides each one at the angle (α) downwardly facing edge, wherein the plate and the support plate of each floor support are connected to each other via a rod.
• - At the bottom of the plate a drivable into the terrain mandrel is arranged, which is formed in particular by a tapered extension of the rod.
• - The rod is round and at least in an upper portion of an external thread is provided, which is aligned with a central hole with internal thread, which is arranged between the respective opposite folds of the support plate.
• - The rod is round and has at least in a lower portion of an external thread, which is aligned with a central hole with internal thread, which is arranged in the center of the plate.
• - The support plates are made of a flexible material, so that a caused by different sagging of the ground supports in the terrain torsion is intercepted within the support plates.
• - The bottom of the plate is provided with an anti-slip structure, and / or on the plates a load weight is provided.
• - Each bearing surface is provided with a threaded hole for receiving a module clamp and with an upwardly pointing centering pin, which engages in the mounted state in a congruent recess or inner corner in the frame of the photovoltaic module.
• - The distance between the plate and the support plate is between 30 cm and 100 cm, in particular between 40 cm and 80 cm, and particularly preferably between 50 and 60 cm.
• - The first floor supports and the second floor supports each form a plurality of mutually parallel rows, wherein there is a series of second floor supports between two rows of first floor supports.
• - The rows of first floor supports are offset from the rows of second floor supports (resulting in a box of floor supports a diagonal line of pairs of columns), so that mounted photovoltaic modules each photovoltaic module, except for the edge photovoltaic modules, attached to a total of three support plates is.
• - Each support body is elongated and provided with a top and a bottom, wherein at least one of the top or bottom is made substantially flat, wherein the top of the first support body provides at least one upwardly facing support surface for the photovoltaic module, the top of the second Support body has at least one downwardly facing support surface for the photovoltaic module, and wherein the second support body is higher than the first support body (for east-west orientation).
• - Only one of the bottom or the top is flat and the other top or bottom is made pointed or tapered.
• - Each of the two upper sides is provided with two bearing surfaces, which are directed at the first support body from a common Kehllinie starting to form a predetermined angle upwards and are directed at the second support body from a common ridge line, forming the angle downwards.
• - The respective tops are divided in half, with one half forms one of the mutually standing at an angle support surface.
• A support body has one of the following shapes:
• i) a truncated pyramid of a trihedral pyramid with the contact surfaces for the photovoltaic module at the base surfaces of smaller cross section,
• ii) a truncated pyramid of a four- or more-surface pyramid with the contact surfaces for the photovoltaic module at the base surfaces of smaller cross-section,
• iii) a truncated cone, with the support surfaces for the photovoltaic module at the base surfaces of smaller diameter,
• iv) a truncated pyramid of a trihedral pyramid with the bearing surfaces for the photovoltaic module at the bases of larger cross section,
• v) a truncated pyramid of a four- or more-surface pyramid with the bearing surfaces for the photovoltaic module at the base surfaces of larger cross section,
• vi) a truncated cone, with the support surfaces for the photovoltaic module at the base surfaces of larger diameter,
• vii) a cuboid,
• viii) a cylinder.
• - A support body is formed a base part and an upper part arranged thereon with the support surface.
• - A support body is formed by a frame, a hollow body or a mixed form thereof.
• - The frame or the upper part comprises a rod on which a plate is arranged as a bearing surface with bevels.
• - The support surface is prepared for fixing a photo modul clamp.
• - The preparation is formed by a recessed in each support surface threaded sleeve, by a recessed into each support surface threaded rod, by a recessed in each support surface portion of a clip, or by a pre-drilled in each bearing surface hole.
• - The support surface itself has a structure or is covered with a textured surface, which counteracts slippage of the photovoltaic module.
• - The photovoltaic module is provided on its underside with a complementary counter-structure, which is interlocked with the structure mounted photovoltaic module.
• - The photovoltaic module is connected by means of a click fastener, a hook and loop fastener, a snap closure, a snap fastener or the like to the support surface.
• - The bearing surface is provided with a threaded hole for receiving a module clamp and with an upwardly facing centering pin, which engages in the mounted state in a congruent recess in the frame or in a frame corner of the photovoltaic module.
• - The structured base comprises intermediate webs, which are arranged at two mounted, adjacent photovoltaic modules between them.
• - In particular, at a corner of the bearing surfaces is a planar element, such. B. arranged a pad, wherein the size of the bearing surfaces is dimensioned so that the pad completely under a mounted photovoltaic module comes to rest to relieve the corners of the photovoltaic module upon application of force to the photovoltaic module surface. The pad can be made of any material which is softer than the material of the support surface and / or the module base.
• - The pad is designed as an adhesive part for bonding the support surface with the photovoltaic module.
• - The bearing surfaces are made of a flexible material, so that a caused by different sagging of the ground supports in the terrain torsion is intercepted within the bearing surfaces.
• - The distance between the top and the bottom is between 30 cm and 100 cm, in particular between 40 cm and 80 cm, and particularly preferably between 50 and 60 cm.
• - The material from which the bearing surfaces are formed, or with which the surface of the bearing surfaces is additionally occupied, is flexible or elastic.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1a, 1b

support elements

2

upper head end

3

crossbeam

5a, 5b

Ends cross member

7a, 7b

rope

9, 9a, 9b

Module edge holder

11

PV module unit

12

remote module edge

13

insertion groove

15

execution

17

jig

19

spacer

21

V-rail

23

Back rail

25

shoe

27a, 27b

Profile rail halves

29

throat

31

connecting element

33

Predetermined bending point

35

hole

37

module frame

39

Large PV module

41

PV module array

43

IPE

45

adhesive pad

47

steel cable

A, A ₁

distance

R, R '

Pitch

U

underground

G

marginal edge

B

module width

K

loading force

S

vertex

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2154729 AB1 [0005]
• DE 102012008001 [0014, 0058]

Claims (10)

Arrangement of two adjacent, by supporting elements ( 1a . 1b ) at a predeterminable height above the ground (U) held PV module units ( 11 ), each PV module unit having a boundary edge (G) to the adjacent PV module unit and a PV module unit edge facing away from the boundary edge (FIG. 12 ), characterized in that the support elements exclusively on the side of the respective remote PV module unit edge ( 12 ) are arranged, and that the boundary edges have a smaller distance (A) to the substrate than the remote PV module unit edges. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the boundary edge (G) and the remote PV module unit edge ( 12 ) of both PV module units ( 11 ) extend substantially parallel to the ground (U). Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support elements ( 1a . 1b ) at the head end ( 2 ) a, in particular centrally arranged cross member ( three ), at both ends ( 5a . 5b ) Attachment points for direct or indirect attachment of the remote modular unit edges ( 12 ) are provided. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two opposing support elements ( 1a . 1b ) via a connecting means ( 7 ; 21 ; 23 ; 27a ; 27b ; 37 ), to which both PV module units ( 11 ) are arranged. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one construction element of the connection means is selected from the following group: - a rope ( 7a . 7b ) with arranged in the grid spacing (R) module holders, in particular module edge holders ( 9 . 9a . 9b ), where the grid spacing is equal to the PV module width (B) of the PV module units ( 11 ) used PV modules is adjusted; A belt with a grid spacing (R) arranged module holders, in particular module edge holders ( 9 . 9a . 9b ), where the grid spacing is equal to the PV module width (B) of the PV module units ( 11 ) used PV modules is adjusted; - a V-shaped profile rail ( 21 ) with arranged in the grid spacing (R) module holders, in particular module edge holders ( 9 . 9a . 9b ), wherein the grid spacing to that of the PV module width (B) of the PV module units ( 11 ) used PV modules is adjusted; - a curved rail ( 21 ) with arranged in the grid spacing (R) module holders, in particular module edge holders ( 9 . 9a . 9b ), wherein the grid spacing to that of the PV module width (B) of the PV module units ( 11 ) used PV modules is adjusted; - two profile rail halves ( 27a . 27b ) centrally through a connecting element ( 31 ), wherein the connecting element in particular at the same time a module edge holder ( 9 . 9a . 9b ); When using frameless PV modules, the back side rail (s) called this "backrail" ( 23 ); - when using framed PV modules, part of their frame ( 37 ); - an originally straight profile rail with a predetermined bending point ( 33 ) under load (K) through the PV module units ( 11 ) deliberately buckles; - one against the support element ( 1a . 1b supported bracing; and a three-dimensional support structure Arrangement according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that on the connecting means at least one spacer ( 19 ) which prevents contact of adjacent photovoltaic modules and / or direct contact between the connection means and the PV module unit. Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the spacer ( 19 ) is arranged at the vertex (S) of the V-shaped connecting means. Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that a plurality of spacers ( 19 ) are provided which a different distance between the connecting means on the one hand and the PV module unit ( 11 ) on the other hand. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the support height above the ground (U) in the range between 40 cm and 100 cm or in the range between 190 cm and 250 cm. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a plurality of arrangements to a photovoltaic array ( 41 ) are connected, and that the outside of the field edge lying support elements ( 1a . 1b ) are clamped at an angle for fixing or solid components such. B. an IPE carrier ( 43 ) or a concrete element, manufactured or provided with other means that prevent deflection of the support member from the vertical.

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