DE102011116926B3 - Floor support used for assembly of photovoltaic module, has main portion that includes support plates which are provided to make specific angle with upward and downward pointing bent sections and are connected with main plates over rod - Google Patents

Abstract

The floor support (1,1a) has a support main portion whose lower side end is provided with a pair of main plate (25) to counteract penetration of the support main portion. The upper side end of the support main portion is provided with a pair of support plate (3,3a) at an edge of photovoltaic module (5). The support plates are provided to make a specific angle with upward pointing bent sections and downward pointing bent sections. The main plates and support plates are connected with each other over a rod (19).

Description

The invention relates to a pair of floor supports for the assembly of framed photovoltaic modules above a ground and at a slope to this, wherein at the lower land-side end of each floor support ( 1 . 1a ) of the couple a plate ( 25 ) is provided, the penetration of the floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) counteracts the terrain.

In the construction of photovoltaic open space systems usually a support structure is erected for the plurality of photovoltaic modules, which consists of columns of different lengths. On the supports transverse bars are arranged, which extend over the supports of the same length. Again transversely to the transom a plurality of parallel bars is arranged in a grid, which is adapted to the length or width of the photovoltaic modules. On the spars then the actual framed or unframed PV modules are attached by means of brackets. The shorter supports have a length of about 1.2 meters and the longer supports can take lengths of up to 3 meters or more. Supports of the known lengths require a secure anchoring in the ground, which in turn causes additional costs in the form of pile work or incorporation of foundations. The high supports offer the advantage that the photovoltaic modules are freely accessible to a fitter from below, without having to stoop or distort them. This is especially important for the subsequent care of the terrain on which the photovoltaic system is. For reasons of environmental protection, this is usually a green area, which must be regularly mowed in the summer.

Such a generic substructure is for example from the DE 20 2010 003 834 U1 known. The support frame for photovoltaic modules described therein has at the respective foot ends of two opposing vertical support profiles on a platform which supports the support profile relative to the ground. The two support profiles are connected to each other via a crossbar. In the middle region of the crossbeam, the first end of an anchoring strut is attached, the second end is inserted into the ground.

In recent years, a dramatic decline in prices for photovoltaic modules has been observed, which is likely to continue. It follows that in contrast to earlier than the steel and / or wooden construction of the scaffold accounted for about 10 percent of the equipment costs, today a share of the total cost of 20% to 30% for the substructure must be stated. It is therefore important to maintain the competitiveness, lower the cost of the substructure.

The invention is based on the consideration that modern robotic technology has, inter alia, also produced lawnmowers which can independently mow lawns without ongoing operation of a person under the presence of obstacles.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a structurally simple and therefore cost-effective substructure for a photovoltaic open-space plant, which is suitable for a construction of low height.

This object is achieved in that at the upper end of the first floor support of the pair a support plate for the edge of one or more photovoltaic modules is provided, which has on opposite sides depending on an angle upwardly facing bevel and that at the upper end of the second floor support the pair is provided with a support plate for the edge of one or more photovoltaic modules, which has on opposite sides depending on an angle at the downward facing edge, wherein the plate and the support plate of each floor support are connected to each other via a rod.

Under a support plate while each receiving element is understood that is suitable for a resting of the frame of the framed module. This may in particular be a preferably galvanized sheet or a wire frame, a molded plastic plate, a frame of profile strips, etc. Important for the support plate is that it includes two folds or otherwise like angled or bent parts on which the module frame vorgeb baren angle to the ground can be mounted. Under a plate is any constructive action to understand that prevents unhindered penetration of the rod into the ground. It may therefore be anti-Eindringbauteile having wing-like ridges in the manner of a ski pole, or flat sheets or concrete slices, etc. Accordingly, the term rod is interpreted accordingly. Under rod while every elongated component is understood, such. As a solid rod, a square tube, a round tube, etc. which is suitable to connect the plate rigidly with the support plate. Finally, the term "fold" should be discussed, under which any type of change in direction of the surface of the support plate is understood. An upwardly facing edge has an obliquely upwardly extending surface result and a downwardly facing edge an obliquely downward surface. The Bending itself can be a clear edge, but also a rounding or any other suitable shape that has the desired change in direction of the support plate result. In this case, an additional component such. As an applied sheet metal strips are used.

The measures according to the invention have the particular advantage that the heavy components of the classic substructures such as columns, crossbeams and spars are eliminated and replaced by a variety of light and handy floor supports.

This makes it possible to design the distance between the plate and the platen between 30 cm and 100 cm, in particular between 40 cm and 80 cm, and particularly preferably between 50 and 60 cm. The supports for the photovoltaic modules are thus relatively short compared to the prior art, which reduces the cost of materials. Due to the low overall height, wind can not undercut the substructure and generate correspondingly high buoyancy forces under the photovoltaic modules, as is the case with higher-placed PV modules. The photovoltaic modules are virtually dipping into the landscape and offer little access to wind.

Therefore, it is sufficient that on the underside of the plate a drivable into the terrain mandrel is arranged, which is formed in particular by a tapered extension of the rod. The mandrel prevents lateral slippage of the ground support and also offers a small contribution to counteract a wind-induced buoyancy. However, the buoyancy force is essentially countered by the dead weight of the assembled PV modules, which prevents the ground support from lifting off the ground.

Additionally or alternatively to the mandrel, the underside of the plate may be provided with an anti-slip structure, in which case a loading weight should then be provided on the plates. The load weight can also be provided only in connection with the mandrel without anti-slip structure, if the net weight of the PV modules is not sufficient to be greater than the expected buoyancy forces together with the retention effect of the mandrel. As an anti-slip structure comes, for example, a corrugated underside of the plate, a bottom with spikes or the like in question.

In order to make the floor supports as a simple constructed mass product, it is advantageous if the rod is round and at least in the upper portion has an external thread which is aligned with a central hole with internal thread, which is arranged between the respective opposite folds of the support plate. The lying between the folds intermediate part of the support plate is arranged substantially parallel to the terrain, so that the rod has in the direction of the normal with respect to the horizontal intermediate part of the support plate. The same applies to the lower portion of the rod, which also at least there has an external thread, which is aligned with a central hole with internal thread, which is arranged in the center of the plate. Both sections of each floor support serve to compensate for any remaining unevenness in the terrain after leveling the ground. This creates the opportunity to achieve a uniform arrangement of the photovoltaic modules in one plane (apart from the intended angle to the terrain).

The different heights of the two floor supports over terrain level can be achieved over different lengths rods. Alternatively, an equal length of the rods is possible, in which case one bottom support of the pair is driven deeper into the ground than the other bottom support of the pair. Through the rod sections with external thread then the levels of the plate and the support plate can be adjusted so that the desired height difference between the two support plates of the pair is present.

Any uneven subsidence of the bottom supports is compensated for by making the support plates of a flexible material so as to intercept torsion within the support plates caused by differential sagging of the floor supports into the terrain. The torsion occurs, but does not lead to high stresses in the support plates, since the stresses are avoided by the bending. As a flexible support plate is in particular a spring steel sheet, a disc made of plastic such. B. Teflon, a due to its low thickness flexible metal sheet or the like in question.

To fasten the framed PV modules, the side surface formed by each fold is provided with a threaded hole for the attachment of a module clamp and with an upwardly pointing centering pin, which engages in the assembled state in a congruent recess in the frame of the photovoltaic module. This situation will be shown again later with reference to a figure.

The pairs of floor supports can be arranged in various ways to form a support field for the assembly of solar modules. In two preferred ways will be discussed in more detail. The first provides that the first floor supports and the second floor supports each have a plurality of mutually parallel rows form, between two rows of first floor supports is a series of second floor supports. The floor supports of rows of different lengths are each at the same height opposite, so directly next to each other. Thus, the support plate of each floor support serves to support two framed edges on any part of the module edge. One of the folded partial surfaces serves for receiving a first module edge and the other partial surface for receiving a frame edge of an adjacent PV module edge. The distance between floor supports of the same length is then z. B. half a module width, so that between two adjacent columns about half a module width is present and left or right of each one of the adjacent floor supports a quarter module width protrudes beyond the floor support. In this arrangement, the floor supports, it is also conceivable to adjust the distance of the floor supports to the width of the PV module used. Then, each platen can accommodate four corners of PV modules arranged in quadrilateral, one per module per corner. Again, reference is made to a further figure for further illustration.

The second preferred type of floor support arrangement provides that the rows of first floor supports are offset from the rows of second floor supports, so that with photovoltaic modules mounted, each photovoltaic module is fastened to a total of three support plates, with the exception of the edge-side photovoltaic modules.

The respective shorter floor supports are arranged as described above, that is, the distance between floor supports of the same length is then z. B. half a module width, so that between zweibenachagten supports is about half a module width and left and right of each one of the adjacent floor supports protrudes a quarter module width on the ground support. Again, the distance is selectable so that the lower edge of each PV module rests at its two corners on one of the floor supports of smaller length. As a result, the lower frame edge is then supported by two support plates, which makes sense to catch the higher load on the lower edge compared to the load on the higher edge.

The displacement of the longer floor supports in relation to the shorter floor supports must be dimensioned so that each floor support with a greater length lies approximately in the middle of a photovoltaic module edge. As a result, the upper module edge is supported only by a single floor support in the middle of the edge. The photovoltaic module is therefore supported at three points, two at the lower edge and one at the upper edge.

Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description of an embodiment with reference to FIGS. Show it:

1 a perspectively illustrated, first arrangement of photovoltaic modules on a plurality of pairs of floor supports;

1a the arrangement after the 1 in the supervision;

2 a perspectively illustrated, second arrangement of photovoltaic modules on a plurality of pairs of floor supports;

2a the arrangement after the 2 in the supervision;

3 the upper portion of a first floor support of a pair;

4 the upper portion of a second floor support of a pair;

5 a side section through the lower portion of a floor support in a first embodiment; and

6 a side section through the lower portion of a floor support according to a second embodiment.

In the 1 and 1a Become a first and a second floor support 1 respectively. 1a referred to as a pair. Every floor support 1 . 1a includes a platen 3 . 3a for photovoltaic modules 5 , The photovoltaic modules 5 are at the edge with a frame (not shown) provided. The floor supports 1 . 1a are mounted in the field so that their associated support plates 3 . 3a are at a different level, so the photovoltaic modules 5 are aligned at a desired angle α to the terrain. In the illustrated embodiment, the support plate 3 the first floor support 1 lower than ground than the second floor support 1a , The angle α is not used to set a favorable inclination of the photovoltaic modules 5 to the sun, but should ensure that a self-cleaning of the modules 5 by rain and possibly a sliding of a snow cover take place. The different heights on which the support plates 3 . 3a can be located after installation, for example, a different depth of impact of the floor support 1 in comparison to the floor support 1a be achieved.

In this first embodiment, the platen supports 3 . 3a each four corners of four at the corners abutting photovoltaic modules 5 from. For a large field of several hundred photovoltaic modules 5 then lie in the result of several, by a first arrow 7 marked rows of first floor supports 1 before that deals with through a second arrow 7a marked rows of second floor supports 1a alternate. The at the same place in the respective row 7 . 7a standing floor supports 3 . 3a lie the ground supports 3 . 3a the adjacent row 7 . 7a directly opposite.

This unacknowledged arrangement of floor supports 1 . 1a is from the 1a again clearly visible.

In the 2 and 2a a similar arrangement is shown, with the difference that the support plates 3a the second floor supports 1a not at the corners of the supported photovoltaic modules 5 fix, but in the middle of the framed edge. The second floor supports 1a are the ones with the support plate 3a at a higher level. The first floor supports 1 , their support plates 3 are arranged at the lower level, are analogous to the 1 at the corners of the photovoltaic modules 5 placed. This results in a three-point bearing for each photovoltaic module 5 , which provides a largely stress-free mechanical load for the corners of the glass panes of the photovoltaic modules 5 at z. B. unevenly distributed snow load brings with it.

As a result, there are again two types of rows 7 . 7a at first and second floor supports 1 . 1a with differently directed bends before (as follows from the 3 and 4 is explained in detail), which run parallel to each other, but with the difference compared to the arrangement of 1 that the floor supports 1 in the same place in a row 7 not the ground supports 1a the adjacent row 7a are opposite. Thus, there is an offset V, which is substantially half the width of a photovoltaic module 5 equivalent.

In the 3 is the upper area of the first floor support 1 with its receiving plate 3 shown. The receiving plate 3 has two folds 9 . 9 ' on, through which at the platen 3 two contact surfaces 11 . 11 ' be formed. The bends 9 . 9 ' are directed upwards, which means that also the Auflägeflächen 11 . 11 ' pointing upwards, preferably with the angle α to the horizontal, the desired inclination of the photovoltaic modules 5 determines the terrain.

The platen 3 the shown floor support 1 is for supporting one corner each of four adjoining photovoltaic modules 5 executed, of which the two back are drawn. To attach them serve two module brackets 13 , each for the jamming of two photovoltaic modules 5 are responsible. Each module bracket 13 has a hole in its bottom (not visible) through which a screw 15 or a grub screw with the support surface 11 can be firmly connected, and so the module bracket 13 on the support surface 11 . 11 ' fixed. For this attachment is the support plate 3 preferably provided with two rivet nuts, one of which approximately in the center of the respective support surface 11 . 11 ' is arranged. Instead of the rivet nuts, a hole with internal thread can be provided, in which the screw 15 a rotatable and clamped.

For fixing the position of each photovoltaic module 5 on the floor support 1 are each two centering pins 17 intended. Of the total of eight centering pins 17 Four are invisible in the figure as they are from the photovoltaic modules already mounted 5 to be covered. The four visible centering pins 17 are for the two front, still to be mounted photovoltaic modules 5 intended.

The first floor supports 1 each have a bar 19 on, which may be a threaded rod or at least in its upper part with an external thread 21 is provided. On the external thread 21 are two nuts 23 . 23 ' provided, the first mother 21 below the platen 3 lies and this secures against slipping down. The upper mother 23 ' clamps together with the lower mother 23 the support plate firmly around the rod 19 one.

The 4 shows a type of second floor support 1a As for the arrangement in the middle of the framed edge of the photovoltaic module 5 is to be provided. The same parts are provided with the same reference numerals as in the 3 , but with the addition "a" to indicate that it is the second floor support 1a is. The second floor support 1a is the one whose platen 3a at a higher level than the platen 3 the first kind of ground supports 1 , Accordingly, in amendment to that in the 3 shown floor support 1 the bends 9a . 9a ' at the second floor support 1a directed at the angle α downward. The by the folds 9a . 9a ' formed bearing surfaces 11a and 11a ' So point down to the complementary bearing surfaces 11 . 11 ' the first floor support 1 so all bearing surfaces 11 . 11a , one and the same photovoltaic module 5 Keep lying in a common plane.

Also with the support plates 3a the second floor support 1a is a corresponding centering pin 17 provided to the photovoltaic module 5 to keep in an aligned position. The module clamps 13 For reasons of mass production, these are the same as those for the four-corner attachment after 3 , For reasons of cost savings, it may be appropriate to use the non-use web, otherwise for jamming another module 5 serves to omit, since he at the present here central positioning of the clip 13 is not needed on the module edge.

As a result, it can be said that at the first floor support 1 of the pair the associated support plate 3 with two opposing and upwardly folded contact surfaces 11 . 11 ' provided and at the second floor support 1a of the couple's platen 3a with two opposing and downwardly bent bearing surfaces 11a . 11'a are provided.

In the 5 is a first embodiment of the method of attachment of the floor supports 1 . 1a shown in the underground. It's just the bottom of the floor support 1 . 1a with the lower part of the rod 19 . 19a shown, which is indicated by a section line. Again, there is a section with an external thread 21 provided the rod 19 as a whole there is no threaded rod. On the external thread 21 is a plate 25 screwed, which has a central hole with internal thread, which leads to the external thread 21 of the bar area fits. About the vertical position of the plate 25 that will be over the plate 25 lying free length of the rod defined. This automatically becomes the level of the upper external thread 21 on which the support plates 3 . 3a are attached, determined. If the level is lower, the rod must 19 only driven deeper into the ground. The end of the staff 19 gets from a spike or a thorn 27 formed, which facilitates the driving.

The 6 shows a variant of this. Instead of the thorn 27 (or in addition to this) is the bottom of the plate 25 with an anti-slip structure, such as a variety of spikes 29 Mistake. To achieve a higher contact pressure, as he by the weight of the floor support 1 . 1a with the load of photovoltaic modules 5 it may be appropriate, nor an additional load weight 31 on the top of the plate 25 to place.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1a

ground support

3, 3a

platen

5

photovoltaic module

7, 7a

Rows of ground supports

9, 9 '

Fold upwards

9a, 9a '

Fold down

11, 11 '

Supporting surfaces first floor support

11a, 11a '

Support surfaces second floor support

13, 13a

module clamp

15, 15a

screw

17

Centering

19, 19a

Rod

21, 21a

external thread

23, 23 ', 23a, 23a'

mother

25

Plate

27

mandrel

29

Spike

31

loading weight

α

angle

V

offset

Claims (10)

A pair of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) for the assembly of framed photovoltaic modules ( 5 ) above a terrain and at an angle (α) to this, wherein at the lower land-side end of each floor support ( 1 . 1a ) of the couple a plate ( 25 ) is provided, the penetration of the floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) counteracts in the terrain, characterized in that at the upper end of the first floor support ( 1 ) of the pair a platen ( 3 ) for the edge of one or more photovoltaic modules ( 5 Is provided, which on opposite sides depending on an angle (α) upwardly facing edge ( 9 . 9 ' ) and that at the upper end of the second floor support ( 1a ) of the pair a platen ( 3a ) for the edge of one or more photovoltaic modules ( 5 ) is provided, which at opposite sides depending on the angle (α) downwardly facing edge ( 9a . 9a ' ), wherein the plate ( 25 ) and the platen ( 3 . 3a ) each floor support ( 1 . 1a ) via a rod ( 19 ) are interconnected. Pair of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) according to claim 1, characterized in that on the underside of the plate ( 25 ) a drivable in the area Dorn ( 27 ), in particular by a tapered extension of the rod ( 19 ) is formed. Pair of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rod ( 19 . 19a ) is round and at least in an upper portion of an external thread ( 21 ), which is aligned with a central hole with internal thread, which between the respective opposite folds ( 9 - 9 ' . 9a - 9a ' ) of the platen ( 3 . 3a ) is arranged ( 4 ). Pair of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rod ( 19 . 19a ) is round and at least in a lower portion of an external thread ( 21 ), which with a central hole with internal thread which is in the center of the plate ( 25 ) is arranged ( 5 ). Pair of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the support plates ( 3 . 3a ) are made of a flexible material, so that a caused by different sagging of the ground supports in the terrain torsion is intercepted within the support plates. Pair of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the underside of the plate ( 25 ) with an anti-slip structure ( 29 ), and / or that on the plates a loading weight ( 31 ) is provided. Pair of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each bearing surface ( 11 - 11a . 11 ' - 11a ' ) with a threaded hole for receiving a module clamp ( 13 ) and with an upwardly pointing centering pin ( 17 ) in the mounted state in a congruent recess in the frame of the photovoltaic module ( 5 ) intervenes. Pair of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the distance between the plate ( 25 ) and the platen ( 3 . 3a ) between 30 cm and 100 cm, in particular between 40 cm and 80 cm, and particularly preferably between 50 and 60 cm. A variety of pairs of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first floor supports ( 3 ) and the second floor supports ( 3a ) each have a plurality of mutually parallel rows ( 7 . 7a ), wherein there is a row of second floor supports between two rows of first floor supports ( 1 ). A variety of floor supports ( 1 . 1a ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the rows ( 7 ) with first floor supports ( 1 ) are offset to the rows ( 7a ) with second floor supports ( 1a ), so that with mounted photovoltaic modules ( 5 ) each photovoltaic module, except for the peripheral photovoltaic modules, is attached to a total of three support plates ( 2 ).

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