WO2011088931A2

WO2011088931A2 - Method for supporting rows of solar panels on uneven terrain

Info

Publication number: WO2011088931A2
Application number: PCT/EP2010/069276
Authority: WO
Inventors: Günther THURNER; Thomas Huber
Original assignee: Krinner Innovation Gmbh
Priority date: 2010-01-20
Filing date: 2010-12-09
Publication date: 2011-07-28
Also published as: WO2011088931A3; DE102010005098A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the supporting of solar panels (7) arranged in the longitudinal direction (1) in one or more rows (2, 3) in one plane next to one another on a substructure (6) inclined in the transverse direction (4) with respect to the horizontal, in which the alignment of the rows (2, 3) in the intended longitudinal direction (1) on uneven terrain is ensured in that an anchoring point (9a-d) in the terrain of each of the perpendicular posts (10a-d) that can be articulated on the substructure (6) is determined by dropping a perpendicular onto the terrain from the articulation point of the post on the substructure (6).

Description

PROCESS FOR POSITIONING SOLAR PANEL LINE IN THE UNEVENEN

TERRAIN

It is known for the production of solar energy, a plurality of solar panels, in particular, for example, photovoltaic panels, side by side in one or in a plurality of long rows next to each other and / or also to arrange one above the other. In order to ensure optimum solar radiation, it is important to align the panels or the surface formed from the panels to the sun in such a way that over the largest possible part of the day the best possible incidence of light is guaranteed. Therefore, the panels or the rows of panels are (if it is omitted for reasons of economic efficiency, they - as well known - the sun in the day or even in the course of the year track) installed in the best possible inclination to the sun.

The inclination angle (relative to the horizontal) is - depending on the geographic location of the plant - between 20 and 30 degrees. In Central European latitudes, an angle of 25-30 degrees is preferably provided. If the area on which the panels are to be installed, already predetermines a corresponding inclination, as is often the case for roofs, for example, the panels on side rails (purlins) in series next to each other, possibly in several rows one above the other, on the mounted on predetermined surface. If the given area does not give a suitable inclination to the sun, say even - as is often the case when installed on the ground - in the plane, the panels or the panel surfaces must be raised in such a way that they assume the desired inclination to the sun.

This is done in practice in such a way that the panels are stored on a substructure.

This substructure consists on the one hand in the longitudinal direction of the rows of panels, ie usually in the east-west direction, arranged longitudinal beams (purlins), in which the one or more Rows are held flat side by side arranged panels. The side rails (putties) must be aligned with each other as closely as possible to ensure a secure hold of the panels and to avoid constraints. The substructure further consists of one of the length of the one or more rows of panels corresponding plurality of mostly parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal beams, so directed in north-south orientation cross members (rafters).

These cross members are in turn mounted on a respective shorter and a longer stand (where appropriate, also only on a stand) to the ground that they and with them the purlins stored on them and the rows of panels mounted thereon with their surface in the desired angle to the sun (in the northern hemisphere, for example, in the south) are tilted. In this way, for example, large fields are populated with such single or multi-row panel groups, several of which in turn (in the northern hemisphere, for example, in north-south direction) are staggered in succession.

If the available terrain has a north-south gradient, if it drops southwards (in the northern hemisphere), this poses no particular problems for the installation, and even facilitates the installation because the stands can be shorter ,

On the other hand, it is more difficult to control a terrain gradient in the longitudinal direction of the rows of panels, that is, as a rule, in the east-west direction, and so far hardly any meaningful solutions have become known for this purpose.

Namely, if the terrain falls off in this direction or if it rises, the plant / rows of panels and their substructure in their longitudinal direction must generally follow this terrain profile.

In this case, smaller elevations or depressions may possibly be compensated by a simple change in length of the stand, without the course of the rows of panels must be adjusted in height. Also, if the slope of the terrain changes so much that the deformation possibilities of the rows of panels or substructure holding them would be overwhelmed in a complete alignment of the course of the rows of panels to the Gelange, a flattening of the required according to the terrain course slope of the rows of panels correspondingly longer training of stands can be achieved. But that is otherwise, the stands would become longer, more expensive, and ultimately more and more unstable. Therefore, an extensive adaptation of the course of the panel rows in their longitudinal direction to the given terrain is in many cases indispensable, if one does not want to do without the use of a corresponding uneven area at all.

It should be noted, of course, that the basic prerequisite for the construction of such facilities is that the intended inclination to the sun is maintained. In addition, it depends very much on the problem-free construction of large solar systems that the rows of panels with their substructure in the top view are completely rectilinear and the longitudinal members approximately in the form run in absolute parallelism. Otherwise a trouble-free installation of the solar panels to be held between them is made difficult or impossible, or even damage to the panels occurs. In order to ensure such a rectification of the longitudinal members, their substructure, for example the cross members, in turn are aligned precisely with one another, so that they are aligned with one another. This ensures that the side rails always meet in the same position (orientation) on the next cross member and its bearing points provided there in even terrain. A (in plan view) absolutely rectilinear course of the rows of panels in the field is above all necessary because solar technology systems usually consist of a large number of such rows of panels that are staggered in a north-south direction one behind the other. If the individual rows of panels in such fields are not absolutely parallel, the result is a picture of disorder, which significantly affects the acceptance of such systems.

All these requirements can be easily taken into account when setting up in level terrain. Here, in order to determine the anchorage points of the uprights, only the predetermined grid of the articulation points of the uprights on the substructure of the panel rows must be transferred to the terrain in the desired longitudinal alignment because the articulation points in the usually vertical installation of the uprights with the anchoring points in the terrain cover.

In practice, therefore, the grid of the articulation points corresponding grid of anchoring points is measured in the field to build such a system in which the stand - by screwing / wrapping / concreting or similar. - Be positioned so that the base of the solar panels with its points of articulation normally readily fits on the stand and can be easily fixed to it. If the substructure consists - as usual - of longitudinal members for holding the panels and perpendicular thereto arranged cross members as a substructure on which the articulation points are provided in pairs on a cross member, in total among the several rectified cross members so in a rectangular grid, only this rectangle grid in the terrain in the desired longitudinal orientation, so usually the east-west orientation, are calibrated to ensure easy installation of the panel rows in the same desired orientation. On the other hand, if such a system is to be set up on uneven terrain, this simple procedure fails. Therefore, the construction of such facilities on uneven terrain has apparently been avoided so far.

Namely, if the rows of panels should follow the rising or falling terrain, i. the side-by-side cross members with sloping terrain always come to stand lower and vice versa with increasing terrain are always higher, the side members and held between them rows of panels must adapt to, that is, they must trace the slope / slope. But if now the rows of panels or the longitudinal members holding them rest without special precautions on the transversely inclined to the longitudinal members with respect to a horizontal, uprights mounted on vertical uprights and then follow a terrain slope, ie about down or up, so they pan not perpendicular, but radially about the inclined longitudinal axis of the cross member. So they migrate to the extent their pivoting from the lateral orientation of the next or next cross member. This means at the same time that they emigrate from the desired longitudinal direction, such as the east-west orientation.

This can not be tolerated because it suffers from the optimal orientation of the panel surfaces to the sun and such changes in the direction of the individual rows of panels do not permit a harmonious construction of solar systems consisting of a large number of rows of panels.

Such deviations of direction may be compensable to a certain extent, ie with a slight decrease in terrain or increase, by corresponding deformation of the substructure, for example the longitudinal members. But the relatively narrow limits are set because any deformation of the substructure / the side members carries the risk that the panels are not be more reliably caught and held or even come under such tension that they are damaged or destroyed. In any case suffers such constraints but the rectilinear alignment of the panel fields and thus at least the appearance and consequently the acceptance of the product (the system).

To solve these problems, the Applicant has already proposed (DE 10 2009 036 607.5 - 1 5) to provide in such a foundation system fitting parts or cross member (rafter) with corresponding fittings, by means of which the longitudinal beams on the cross beams - instead of an alignment thereof , inclined axis - are pivotally mounted about an axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the cross member, but substantially horizontal. This was based on the knowledge that the longitudinal beams move vertically upwards or downwards as they are pivoted about such a horizontal axis, without sideways avoiding the desired longitudinal alignment, and thus also without constraint on the articulation point in uneven terrain (Storage) on the next and next but one cross member (etc.) can be performed.

It has been proposed to produce these horizontal axes in a simple manner by appropriate shaping of the cross member at the intersections (bearings) of the longitudinal members or by appropriately trained fittings for the connection of transverse and longitudinal beams.

Of course, these quite useful solutions have the disadvantage that standard parts can no longer be used as cross members, but correspondingly specially dressed, costly profiles have to be kept in stock or special fittings instead of simple, commercially available fitting parts for connecting the transverse and longitudinal members must be kept for this purpose, which makes such systems more expensive in any case, especially since these fitting parts are mass-produced, which have a very significant influence on the calculation of the costs. It follows from the object to propose a simple, cost-effective Aufständerung of longitudinally in one or more rows, inclined transversely with respect to a horizontal flat adjacent to a substructure arranged solar panels, in which the rectilinear in plan view alignment of the rows of panels in the intended longitudinal direction in uneven terrain can be guaranteed in particular without consuming special components.

This object is achieved by the method according to the invention. This method works without any change in the usual design elements of such solar systems, so it works with the common series components.

It is based on the recognition that the straight longitudinal orientation of the rows of panels or their substructure, as well as the longitudinal beams, instead of the type of storage of the rows of panels / substructure / longitudinal beams on structurally complex horizontal, their vertical pivoting enabling pivot axes , even by a simple change in the positioning of the stand can be guaranteed. This approach is further based on the knowledge that the deflection of the rows of panels / your substructure / the side members of the intended longitudinal direction of their cause u.a. in determining the anchorage points of the uprights in the field by simple transfer of the grid (for example, the above-described rectangular grid) of the articulation points of the stand on the panel rows / their substructure / the side members on the terrain.

From this follows the approach to break away from this construction and to make the straight-line structure of the inclined panel rows as output parameters to the starting point of the considerations. It then follows that, given a deflection of the rows of panels / of the substructure / of the longitudinal members from the horizontal (downwards or upwards), the articulation points provided there for the columns emanate from the grid provided on the substructure, ie approximately the rectangular grid, and then approximately instead of Rectangles in top view to form a parallelogram. This is due to the fact that the points of articulation (such as at the cross members of the substructure) are due to the inclined position of the rows of panels at different heights, which is why a pivoting of the articulation points about an axis, which - wherever they are - because of the need for maintenance The panel tilt must be horizontal, which inevitably affects the location of each pivot point, depending on its altitude and the degree of pivoting to varying degrees.

It follows that the problems of straightforward construction of such a solar system in uneven terrain without changes in the components can be solved in a very simple manner, if one of the usual in the prior art fixed grids for anchoring triggers points and the anchoring point for determines each steerable on the base vertical stand in the field by felling the solder from its point of articulation on the substructure on the terrain. Now it will hardly be possible to provisionally set up such a system in the field to determine the anchoring points by the solder on site. Determining the anchoring points in the terrain must be the first step. They must be fixed at the beginning of the set-up. Their determination therefore makes sense, by determining a profile of the terrain to be overbuilt, setting a nominal course of the rows of solar panels in the terrain adapted to this profile, and determining the resulting anchoring points of the vertical uprights in the terrain the solder from the articulation points of the stand (according their position according to the desired course of the system) falls on the terrain profile. This is easy to accomplish in particular with a data processing system.

The required length of the uprights can then also be determined in the same method.

This will often be additionally required because the target course often can not be fully adapted to the terrain. So it may be that the system has to overbuild smaller elevations or sinks, without these justify an adjustment of the desired course of the panel rows. If one or more stands come to rest in the area of this depression or elevation, they nevertheless have to be adapted to their length. But it is also possible that gradients to which the nominal profile has to be adjusted per se, for example, the transition from the level to rising terrain, are so sudden that the tolerances of the system would be overtaxed in equally direct adjustment of the nominal profile. Because an adaptation of the rows of panels to the terrain by their own deformation is possible only within narrow limits, because the base is relatively rigid for reasons of stability and hardly allows deformation and on the other hand, such deformations also very easily jeopardize the stability of the system or even could cause the danger of damage or destruction of the panels. This, too, may make it necessary to flatten the desired course of the rows of panels in deviation from the terrain shape in such a way that the dangers mentioned are avoided. Only in this way can a harmonious overall picture of a system be guaranteed, as is required for acceptance in the market. Even such designs require a change in the length of the associated stand, which therefore must be determined as well as their position in advance of the structure.

The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for erecting solar systems in which the one or more rows of solar panels are held on a substructure consisting of longitudinal members running parallel in the longitudinal direction and holding the panels right angle to the side rails arranged, inclined with respect to a horizontal cross member rest and in turn are mounted by means of at least one vertical stand in the field, which is fixed to a pivot point on a cross member. However, it can also be used on any other uprights in rough terrain.

The inventive method will be further explained below with reference to the drawings. Showing:

Figure 1: a foundation device for the inclined to the sun storage of flat side by side arranged solar panels in a perspective view, their proper installation is the subject of the method according to the invention;

Figure 2: the foundation device of Figure 1 in side view;

Figure 3: the foundation device of Figure 1 in another perspective view;

FIG. 4 shows a foundation device according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in a longitudinal plan view with 10 percent terrain inclination 14 in the longitudinal direction 1; and

Figure 5: the Fundameneinrichtung of Figure 4 in plan view with displacement of the anchoring points 9 a - d according to the inventive method.

FIG. 1 shows a foundation device for the sun-inclined mounting of planar solar panels 7 whose proper installation in a desired longitudinal orientation 1 (east-west orientation) in uneven terrain 8 is the subject of the present application. The figure shows two side by side in one or more rows 2, 3 arranged solar panels 7, which are held by a base 6, which consists of longitudinal beams 6, 12 a - c, to the longitudinal beams 12 a - c in the transverse direction 4 extending cross members 6, 13 a, b are stored, which in turn are held by stands 10 a, b, d.

Figure 2 shows the foundation system of Figure 1 in side view. It consists of two rows 2, 3 of solar panels 7, which are held by a substructure 6, which consists of longitudinal members 12 a - c and cross members 3 a, b. The longitudinal beams 12 a - c hold the panels 7, the longitudinal beams 12 a - c rest on cross beams 13 a, b, which are perpendicular to the longitudinal beams and inclined in their transverse direction 4 relative to the horizontal 5 to the sun. The cross member 13 a, b are supported by uprights 10 a, b, which are fixed to articulation points 1 1 a, b to the cross members 13. FIG. 3 shows the foundation device according to FIG. 1 for the sun-inclined mounting of rows 2, 3 of planar solar panels 7 whose proper installation in a desired longitudinal orientation 1 (east-west orientation) in uneven terrain is the subject of the present application, in a different perspective Presentation. The foundation device has a base 6, which consists of longitudinal beams 12 a - c, which hold the panels 7, as well as at right angles to the longitudinal beams 12 a - c arranged in the transverse direction 4, relative to the horizontal 5 inclined cross members 13 a, b, the in turn are held by uprights 10 a-d, which are fixed at articulation points 1 1 a-d to the transverse beams 13 a, b.

FIG. 4 shows a foundation device according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in a side view of the longitudinal side, that is to say in the transverse direction 4. The FIGURE shows the panel rows 2, 3 with panels 7 held by a substructure 6 of longitudinal members 12 a-c arranged at right angles thereto. relative to the horizontal 5 inclined cross beams 13a, b rest.

The installation of the foundation equipment in an area with an inclination 14 of 10% is indicated. Also indicated is the (despite the rectangular structure of the substructure 6) deviating from the rectangular grid emigration of the anchoring points 9 a-d of the uprights 10 a-d in the terrain, as it results when using the method according to the invention.

FIG. 5 shows the foundation device according to FIG. 4 in the same installation, namely in inclined terrain, but in plan view.

Shown are the rows of panels 2, 3 with panels 7 held by a substructure 6, consisting of longitudinal beams 12 a - c, arranged in the transverse direction 4 at right angles thereto, relative to the horizontal inclined cross members 13 a, b rest.

For reference numeral 15 here is the displacement of the anchoring points 9 a - d indicated in the area, resulting in the inventive installation of the system in sloping terrain. It can be seen that the rectangular structure, the articulation points 1 1 a - d for the stand 10 a - d to form the cross beams 13 a, b, because of the invention for the terrain slope tilting provided the panel surface and / or the supporting substructure in plan view of the ground as the position of the anchoring points defining parallelogram depicts. LIST OF REFERENCES:

1 longitudinal direction

2 rows of solar panels

3 row of solar panels

4 transverse direction

5 horizontal

6 substructure

7 solar panels

8 terrain

9 a - d anchoring points

10 a - d stand

1 1 a - d articulation point

12 a - d side members

13 a, b Cross member

Terrain slope in longitudinal direction 1

Displacement of anchoring points 9 a - d in terrain 8

Claims

claims

Method for elevating longitudinally (1) in one or more rows (2, 3) flat next to each other on a transversely (4) with respect to a horizontal (5) inclined base (6) arranged solar panels (7), wherein the alignment of the Rows (2, 3) in the intended longitudinal direction (1) in the uneven terrain (8) is ensured by an anchoring point (9 a - d) of each of the substructure (6) articulated vertical uprights (10 a - d) in Terrain (8) is determined by dropping the solder from its articulation point (11a-d) on the substructure (6) to the terrain (8).

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a profile of the terrain to be overbuilt (8),

a desired course of the rows (2, 3) of solar panels (7) in the terrain (8) adapted to this profile is determined

and to determine the resulting anchoring points (9a-d) of the vertical uprights (10a-d) in the terrain (8) the solder is cut from the articulation points (11a-d) to the terrain (8).

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the same way the required length of the stator (10 a - d) is determined.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the one or more rows (2, 3) of solar panels (7) are held between longitudinal members (12a-c) running parallel in the longitudinal direction (1), which are arranged at a right angle to the longitudinal members (12a-c). arranged, inclined with respect to a horizontal cross member (13 a, b) rest,

which are mounted by means of at least one vertical upright (10 a - d) in the terrain (8),

wherein each of the stands (10 a - d) at a point of articulation (1 1 a - d) on a cross member (13 a, b) can be fixed

and the anchoring point (9 a - d) of each upright (10 a - d) in the terrain (8) is determined by dropping the solder from its point of articulation (1 1 a - d) on the terrain (8).