WO2014026915A1 - Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium - Google Patents
Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014026915A1 WO2014026915A1 PCT/EP2013/066680 EP2013066680W WO2014026915A1 WO 2014026915 A1 WO2014026915 A1 WO 2014026915A1 EP 2013066680 W EP2013066680 W EP 2013066680W WO 2014026915 A1 WO2014026915 A1 WO 2014026915A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nitrate
- heat
- heat transfer
- nitrate salt
- additive
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- -1 alkali metal nitrite Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001964 alkaline earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 14
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium superoxide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][O-] XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;disodium;dinitrate;nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[K+].[O-]N=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen tetraoxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)[N+]([O-])=O WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-chloropropanoate Chemical compound ClCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002479 acid--base titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJTDJAPHKDIQIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);dinitrite Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O GJTDJAPHKDIQIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- AAJBNRZDTJPMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dinitrite Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O AAJBNRZDTJPMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
- C09K5/12—Molten materials, i.e. materials solid at room temperature, e.g. metals or salts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/20—Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
- F28D2020/0047—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material using molten salts or liquid metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for maintaining or expanding the long-term operating temperature range of a heat transfer medium and / or heat storage medium as defined in the claims, a corresponding process engineering system as defined in the claims, the use of an additive for maintaining or expanding the long-term operating temperature range of a heat transfer medium.
- Heat transfer media are media that are heated by a heat source, such as the sun in solar thermal power plants, and transport the amount of heat contained in them over a certain distance. You can then transfer this heat to another medium, such as water or a gas, preferably via heat exchangers (also called heat exchanger), this other medium then, for example, can drive a turbine. Heat transfer media can continue to heat in chemical engineering reactors (for example Salzbadreaktoren) to the desired temperature, or cool.
- a heat source such as the sun in solar thermal power plants
- heat transfer media can also transfer the amount of heat contained in them to another, located in a reservoir medium (for example, molten salt) and thus pass the heat for storage. Heat transfer media can also be fed into a reservoir and remain there. You are then both heat transfer media and heat storage media.
- a reservoir medium for example, molten salt
- Heat accumulators contain heat storage media, usually material compositions, for example the mixtures according to the invention, which can store a heat quantity over a certain period of time.
- Heat storage for fluid, preferably liquid, heat storage media are usually formed by a solid, preferably insulated against heat loss, container.
- a relatively recent application of heat transfer media or heat storage media are solar thermal power plants (herein and in the art also called solar thermal power plants) for generating electrical energy.
- Example of a solar thermal power plant is shown schematically in Figure 1.
- concentrated solar radiation (1) heats up a heat carrier medium, usually in a receiver system (2), which usually consists of a combination of tubular “receivers.”
- the heat transfer medium usually flows into a pump, usually driven by pumps
- Heat storage system (5a) flows via the line (6) from there on to a heat exchanger (8) (colloquially also referred to as “heat exchanger"), where it gives off its heat to water, thus generating steam (9), the turbine (1 1), which eventually, as in a conventional power plant, drives a generator for generating electrical energy.
- the steam loses heat (13) then flows back as a condensate (10) usually in the heat exchanger (8).
- the cooled heat transfer medium flows from the heat exchanger (8) usually over the cold area (5b) of a heat storage system to the receiver system (2) back, in which it is heated again by the solar radiation and creates a cycle.
- the storage system can consist of a hot (5a) and a cold (5b) tank, for example as two separate vessels.
- An alternative construction of a suitable storage system is for example a stratified storage with a hot area (5a) and a cold area (5b), for example in a vessel. More about solar thermal power plants is described for example in Schm dertician, 3, 2009 pages 82 to 99 and in the following.
- the parabolic trough power plant, the Fresnel power plant and the tower power plant are The parabolic trough power plant, the Fresnel power plant and the tower power plant.
- the solar radiation is focused via parabolic shaped troughs into the focal line of the mirrors.
- a pipe usually called a "receiver”
- the heat transfer medium is heated by the solar radiation and flows to the heat exchanger, where it gives off its heat as described above, to generate steam can reach more than 100 kilometers in current solar thermal power plants.
- the solar radiation is focused into a focal line with generally flat mirrors.
- a pipe usually referred to as "receiver”
- the mirror and the tube are not tracked together the sun, but the position of the mirror is adjusted relative to the permanently installed pipe. The mirror position follows the position of the sun so that the fixed pipeline is always in the focal line of the mirrors, and even in Fresnel power plants, molten salt can be used as heat carrier.
- Fresnel power plants are currently still largely in development.
- the steam generation, or the generation of electrical energy takes place in the salt Fresnel power plant analogous to the parabolic trough power plant.
- a tower surrounded by mirrors, in the professional world also referred to as "heliostats”, which radiate the solar radiation to a so-called central receiver in the upper part of the tower bundled in the receiver Pipe bundles is constructed, a heat transfer medium is heated, which produces analogous to the parabolic trough power plant or Fresnel power plant via heat exchanger steam for generating electrical energy.
- Heat transfer media or heat storage media based on inorganic salts have long been known. They are usually used at such high temperatures, in which water is already vaporous, that is usually at 100 ° C and more.
- compositions containing alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal nitrates, optionally in admixture with alkali metal nitrites and / or alkaline earth metal nitrites are compositions containing alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal nitrates, optionally in admixture with alkali metal nitrites and / or alkaline earth metal nitrites.
- Examples are the products of Coastal Chemical Company LLC Hitec® Solar Salt (potassium nitrate: sodium nitrate 40% by weight: 60% by weight), Hitec® (eutectic mixture of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite).
- Hitec® eutectic mixture of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite.
- nitrate salts usually those of the alkali metal lithium, sodium, potassium, optionally additionally with nitrite salts, usually those of the alkali metals lithium, sodium, potassium or the alkaline earth metal calcium
- nitrite salts usually those of the alkali metals lithium, sodium, potassium or the alkaline earth metal calcium
- alkali metal, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, preferably lithium, sodium, potassium, particularly preferably sodium is to be understood as meaning potassium unless expressly stated otherwise.
- alkaline earth metal beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, preferably calcium, strontium, barium, more preferably calcium and barium, unless otherwise specified.
- the aim is still to develop a heat transfer medium or heat storage medium, which solidifies at relatively low temperature (solidifies) ergo a lower melting point but a high maximum long-term operating temperature (analog: high decomposition temperature) has.
- the maximum long-term operating temperature is herein understood to mean the highest operating temperature of the heat transfer medium or heat storage medium, in which its properties, for example viscosity, melting temperature, corrosion behavior do not change significantly over a long period of time, generally 10 to 30 years, compared to the initial value.
- mixtures of sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate are used at relatively high temperatures.
- a typical long-term operating temperature range is 290 to 565 ° C.
- Such mixtures are characterized by a relatively high melting point.
- Mixtures of alkali metal nitrate and alkali metal nitrite usually have a lower melting point than the nitrate mixtures mentioned above, but also a lower decomposition temperature. Mixtures of alkali metal nitrate and alkali metal nitrite are usually used in the temperature range of 150 ° C to 450 ° C.
- nitrate salt mixtures or nitrate / nitrite salt mixtures can be negatively affected in several ways.
- nitrate salt mixtures or nitrate / nitrite salt mixtures can change negatively, for example by a leak in the heat transfer medium / steam Heat exchanger or by the so-called open operation in which the heat transfer or heat storage media contact the humidity of the outside air.
- Nitratsalzmischungen or nitrate / Nitritsalzmischungen can thereby worsen so far that they are unsuitable as a heat transfer medium or heat storage medium and usually have to be replaced with fresh mixtures, resulting in the huge amounts, for example, in the tube and storage system of a Solar thermal power plant with thermal Mehrpen arrivedn are included, technically and economically Häturban or practically impossible.
- the object of the present invention was to find a method which avoids or reverses the deterioration of a heat transfer medium or heat storage medium based on a nitrate salt mixture or nitrate / nitrite salt mixture or extends the long-term operating temperature range of such mixtures.
- nitrate salt compositions defined in the description and in the claims, in particular their preferred and particularly preferred embodiments, are also referred to below as "nitrate salt composition according to the invention".
- the nitrate salt composition of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal nitrate and alkaline earth metal nitrate, and optionally alkali metal nitrite and alkaline earth metal nitrite.
- a highly suitable embodiment of the nitrate salt composition according to the invention contains as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate or an alkaline earth metal nitrate or a mixture of alkali metal nitrate and alkaline earth metal nitrate and in each case optionally an alkali metal nitrite and / or alkaline earth metal nitrite.
- the alkali metal nitrate is herein a nitrate, preferably practically anhydrous, more preferably anhydrous, nitrate of the metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, preferably lithium, sodium, potassium, more preferably sodium, potassium, generally described as MetNC "3, where Met
- the term alkali metal nitrate includes both a single nitrate and mixtures of the nitrates of these metals, for example, potassium nitrate plus sodium nitrate
- the alkaline earth metal nitrate herein is a nitrate, preferably practically anhydrous, more preferably anhydrous, nitrate of the metals, magnesium, Calcium, strontium, barium, preferably calcium, strontium, barium, more preferably calcium and barium, generally described as Met (NC "3) 2, where Met is the alkaline earth metals described above, the term alkaline earth metal nitrate both a single nitrate and mixtures ofnitrates of these
- the alkali metal nitrite is herein a nitrite, preferably practically anhydrous, more preferably anhydrous, nitrite of the alkali metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, preferably lithium, sodium, potassium, more preferably sodium, potassium, generally described as MetNC "2, where Met
- the alkali metal nitrite may be present as a single compound but also as a mixture of different alkali metal nitrites, for example sodium nitrite plus potassium nitrite.
- the alkaline earth metal nitrite is herein a nitrite, preferably practically anhydrous, more preferably anhydrous, nitrite of the metals magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, preferably calcium, strontium, barium, more preferably calcium and barium, generally described as Met (NC "2) 2, where Met means the above-described alkaline earth metals, where the term alkaline earth metal nitrite includes both a single nitrite and mixtures of the nitrites of these metals, for example calcium nitrite plus magnesium nitrite.
- Nitrate salt composition according to the invention containing as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate and / or alkaline earth metal nitrate and in each case optionally an alkali metal nitrite and / or alkaline earth metal nitrite; Nitrate salt composition according to the invention containing as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate selected from sodium nitrate and / or potassium nitrate and in each case optionally an alkali metal nitrite and / or alkaline earth metal nitrite;
- Nitrate salt composition containing as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate and optionally an alkali metal nitrite;
- Nitrate salt composition containing as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate and optionally an alkali metal nitrite selected from sodium nitrite and / or potassium nitrite;
- Nitrate salt composition containing as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate selected from sodium nitrate and / or potassium nitrate and in each case optionally an alkali metal nitrite selected from sodium nitrite and / or potassium nitrite and / or alkaline earth metal nitrite selected from calcium nitrite and / or barium nitrite;
- Nitrate salt composition containing as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate and / or alkaline earth metal nitrate;
- Nitrate salt composition comprising as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate selected from sodium nitrate and / or potassium nitrate and / or alkaline earth metal nitrate selected from calcium nitrate and / or barium nitrate;
- a nitrate salt composition of the present invention containing as an essential ingredient an alkali metal nitrate;
- Nitrate salt composition according to the invention containing as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate selected from sodium nitrate and / or potassium nitrate.
- nitrate salt compositions according to the invention containing as essential components an alkali metal nitrate selected from sodium nitrate and / or potassium nitrate are, for example, the following: Potassium nitrate in an amount ranging from 20 to 55% by weight, and
- Sodium nitrate in an amount ranging from 45 to 80% by weight, based in each case on the mixture; Potassium nitrate in an amount in the range of 35 to 45 wt .-%, preferably 40 wt .-% and sodium nitrate in an amount ranging from 55 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 60 wt .-%, each based on the mixture.
- nitrate salt compositions according to the invention comprising as essential constituents an alkali metal nitrate and optionally an alkali metal nitrite selected from sodium nitrite and / or potassium nitrite are, for example, the following:
- Potassium nitrate in an amount ranging from 30 to 70% by weight, preferably 50 to 60% by weight and sodium nitrate in an amount ranging from 3 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 10% by weight and sodium nitrite an amount in the range of 20 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 45 wt .-% each based on the mixture.
- a mixture of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite is also commercially available, also as product Hitec® from Coastal Chemical Company LLC.
- the nitrate salt composition according to the invention may also contain traces of further constituents, for example oxides, chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, hydroxides, silicates of the alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals, silicon dioxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide or water.
- traces of further constituents for example oxides, chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, hydroxides, silicates of the alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals, silicon dioxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide or water.
- the sum of these constituents is generally not more than 1% by weight, based on the novel nitrate salt composition.
- the sum of all constituents of the nitrate salt composition according to the invention is in each case 100% by weight.
- the nitrate salt composition according to the invention passes into the molten and usually pumpable form at a temperature above about 100 to 300 ° C., inter alia, depending on the nitrite content and the ratio of the cations forming the mixture.
- the nitrate salt composition according to the invention preferably in molten form, for example as a pumpable liquid, is used as heat transfer medium and / or heat storage medium, preferably in power plants for generating heat and / or electrical energy, in chemical engineering, for example in salt bath reactors and in metal hardening plants.
- Examples of power plants for the production of heat and / or electrical energy are solar thermal power plants such as parabolic trough power plants, Fresnel power plants, tower power plants.
- the nitrate salt compositions according to the invention preferably in the molten state, for example as a pumpable liquid, both as a heat transfer medium and as a heat storage medium in the solar thermal power plants, such as parabolic trough power plants, tower power plants or Fresnel power plants.
- the nitrate salt compositions according to the invention preferably in the molten state, for example as a pumpable liquid, either as a heat transfer medium or as a heat storage medium in the solar thermal power plants, such as parabolic trough power plants, the tower power plants, the Fresnel power plants.
- the nitrate salt compositions according to the invention are preferably used in the molten state, for example as a pumpable liquid, in tower power plants as the heat transfer medium and / or as a heat storage medium, particularly preferably as a heat transfer medium.
- the Nitratsalzzusammen stuen invention preferably in the molten state, for example as a pumpable liquid, as a heat transfer medium in solar thermal power plants, such as parabolic trough power plants, the tower power plants, the Fresnel power plants, the heat transfer media are guided through solar heated pipes. They usually carry the heat produced there to a heat storage or to the heat exchanger of the steam heater of a power plant.
- the heat store comprises a plurality of usually two large containers, generally a cold and a hot container (also referred to as "two-tank store”) .
- the nitrate salt composition according to the invention preferably in the molten state, for example as pumpable Liquid, which is usually taken from the cold tank of the solar system and heated in the solar field of a parabolic trough plant or a tower elevator, is heated in the hot container and kept there until there is a need to generate electrical energy
- a heat accumulator the so-called “thermocline storage” consists of a tank in which the heat storage medium is stored in layers at different temperatures, this variant also being called “stratified storage”. When storing material is removed from its cold area. The material is heated and stored back in its hot area.
- the thermokline memory is thus used largely analogously to a two-tank memory.
- the hot nitrate salt compositions according to the invention in the molten state are usually taken from the hot tank or the hot zone of the stratified storage tank and pumped to the steam generator of a steam power plant.
- the steam generated there which is stretched to over 100 bar, usually drives a turbine and a generator, which supplies electrical energy to the electricity grid.
- the nitrate salt composition according to the invention in the molten state, for example as a pumpable liquid, usually cooled to about 290 ° C and usually fed back into the cold tank or the cold part of the stratified storage.
- the nitrate salt composition of the present invention operates in molten form as a heat transfer medium. Filled in the heat storage tank, the same nitrate salt composition according to the invention works as a heat storage medium, for example, to enable on-demand generation of electrical energy.
- the nitrate salt composition according to the invention preferably in molten form, is also used as heat transfer medium and / or heat storage medium, preferably heat transfer medium, in chemical engineering, for example for heating reaction apparatuses of chemical production plants, where as a rule a very high heat flow at very high temperatures Temperatures with narrow fluctuation ranges must be transferred.
- heat transfer medium preferably heat transfer medium
- Examples are salt bath reactors.
- Examples of the said production plants are acrylic acid plants or plants for the production of melamine.
- the nitrate salt composition of the invention is contacted with an additive.
- the nitrate salt composition according to the invention is generally present in liquid, pumpable, generally molten form.
- the additive hereinafter also referred to as "additive according to the invention", is a combination of elemental oxygen and nitrogen oxides, preferably nitrogen monoxide
- the elemental oxygen may also be present in the presence of nitrogen, for example in the form of air and / or in the presence of noble gases. Which nitrogen oxides are present depends on the boundary conditions, such as pressure, temperature, presence or absence of oxygen. Examples of nitrogen oxides are dinitrogen monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide.
- the molar ratios of the components according to the invention forming the additive are generally not critical.
- the molar ratio of elemental oxygen to nitrogen oxides ranges from 1:10 to 10: 1.
- elemental oxygen (O2) is combined with nitrogen monoxide (NO) in a molar ratio of 1: 2, which corresponds to two equivalents of nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
- NO2 nitrogen monoxide
- the elemental oxygen may, for example, also be present in excess in comparison with the nitrogen oxide.
- the contacting of the nitrate salt composition according to the invention with the additive according to the invention usually takes place at the pressure which prevails at the location of the additive additive, for example at a pressure in the range from 1 to 30 bar (abs).
- the pressure at the location of the additive additive in large heat storage tanks of a solar thermal power plant at normal pressure is a few mbar
- the pressure at the central receiver of a solar thermal power plant, such as tower power plant is usually 30 bar.
- Contacting the additive of the present invention with the nitrate salt composition of the present invention is typically accomplished by feeding the additive of the invention below or above the surface of the nitrate salt composition of the present invention, which is usually in liquid, pumpable, generally molten form.
- the contacting of the nitrate salt composition of the invention with the additive of the invention generally takes place in a suitable apparatus.
- a suitable apparatus This may be a container and / or a conduit through which the nitrate composition according to the invention flows or is at rest or a partial volume of a container or pipeline.
- the additive according to the invention can be fed into a container, for example a tank containing the nitrate salt composition according to the invention.
- the additive of the invention in the hotter ßere tank preferably below the surface of the nitrate salt composition according to the invention contained therein fed.
- a suitable embodiment for this purpose is shown by way of example in FIG. 2 and will be described below.
- FIG. 2 shows a two-tank storage system into which an inventive additive (3), for example oxygen and nitrogen monoxide, below the surface of the nitrate salt composition according to the invention, for example a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate in molten form, into the hotter tank 1 is fed.
- an inventive additive (3) for example oxygen and nitrogen monoxide
- the nitrate salt composition according to the invention for example a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate in molten form
- a gaseous additive can be introduced only slightly below the surface of the heat storage medium. There rising gas bubbles would cause convection of the heat storage system and the temperature stratification of the memory would be damaged.
- One solution to this problem is to lead the additive according to the invention onto the surface of the heat storage medium or into an inflow of the heat transfer medium according to the invention to the storage, for example into the hot region of the storage.
- a well-suited embodiment of a one-tank heat accumulator (also called stratified storage tank) with addition of the additive according to the invention, for example oxygen and nitrogen monoxide, into the hot region of the heat storage system is shown by way of example in FIG. 3 and will be described below.
- the additive according to the invention for example oxygen and nitrogen monoxide
- a solar receiver (2) flows (3) heated inventive heat transfer medium in the hot area (5a) of the memory (1).
- a cold area (5b) is below the hot area (5a).
- an inventive additive (6) for example, oxygen and nitrogen monoxide, preferably finely divided by conventional means, is fed.
- oxygen and nitrogen monoxide preferably finely divided by conventional means.
- a heat storage system it comes to a change in the operating temperature between a maximum and a minimum value.
- the materials (heat storage medium and superimposed gases) and the storage system expand to different degrees. These effects can lead to high underpressures or overpressures in the storage system that are outside the permissible pressure range.
- These undesirable pressure effects can be controlled by ventilating the reservoir with a suitable gas, for example air and / or nitrogen.
- a suitable gas for example air and / or nitrogen.
- FIG. 4 illustrates by way of example a solution to this problem and will be described below.
- the numerals have the following meaning.
- the heat storage system (1) requires during the operation of a ventilation over the gas space.
- gases can be released into the environment at overpressure via a nitrogen oxide separator and / or remover (6), for example a DeNOx catalyst and / or a condenser.
- a suitable respiratory gas for example air or nitrogen
- a gas buffer system (5) can also be used to buffer the amounts of gas that are released from the heat accumulator when heated, to return them to the storage system when cooled to avoid negative pressure.
- the amount of gases, the heat storage system preferably via the Stickstoffoxidabscheider and / or remover (6), such as DeNOx catalyst and / or condenser, are effectively reduced.
- An alternative to a gas buffer system is the pressure maintenance in the storage system by Ausg. Eintankung of liquid heat storage medium according to the invention in a separate expansion tank or from a separate surge tank.
- the emptying and filling takes place here preferably from or into the cold region of the heat storage system.
- Excess gas quantities, such as nitrogen oxides, in the heat storage system can also be caused by decomposition of the heat storage medium. These amounts of excess gas can be passed through the heat transfer medium in the relatively cold compensation tank so that the amount of excess nitrogen oxides is reduced.
- the residual gas can then be fed to a nitrogen oxide separator and / or remover, for example DeNOx catalyst and / or condenser.
- the beschnebenen feeds of the additive according to the invention in heat storage systems usually lead, thanks to the above-outlined pressure holding systems, no significant pressure increase in the gas space above the surface of the heat storage medium in the heat storage system.
- the overpressure is usually in a range of 0 to 0.01 bar.
- the additive according to the invention can be fed into a container which is in molten form in shunt to the main amount of the nitrate salt composition according to the invention, for example a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate in molten form, and in which, discontinuously or preferably continuously Subset of the nitrate salt composition of the invention is metered in and out.
- the feed of the additive according to the invention into a bypass to the main stream of the flowing nitrate salt composition according to the invention has the advantage that, independently of the respective operating pressure of the main stream in the container, another - advantageously higher - pressure and / or a different temperature can be selected, which usually has a faster Reaction and thereby a higher rate of regeneration of the nitrate salt mixture according to the invention has resulted.
- the additive of the invention at a relatively low temperature, for example 250 to 350 ° C, and then to pass the nitrate salt mixture of the invention thus treated into the generally hotter heat transfer circuit.
- FIG. 5 three variants are outlined in Figure 5, as a contacting of the nitrate salt mixture according to the invention with an additive according to the invention for a solar thermal power plant (see Figure 1) can be designed.
- a receiver system (2) which exchanges a heat carrier / storage medium via lines (3) and (4) with a heat storage system (1).
- the heat storage system (1) has a hot (5a) and a cold (5b) area.
- the partial flow take-off takes place from an average temperature range of the heat storage system. Removal from a hot or cold area of the storage system is also possible.
- FIG. 5b the partial flow take-off takes place from the heated main flow (3) of the heat transfer medium.
- Figure 5c the removal takes place from the cold main Ström (4) of the heat transfer medium.
- the Molstroma notede may be carried out for example by pumping. After removal, contact with the additive according to the invention takes place in a separate reaction vessel.
- the reaction vessel can be adjusted by customary means to another, preferably higher, pressure and / or a temperature which is changed with respect to the removal temperature in order, for example, to achieve a higher regeneration rate of the nitrate salt mixture according to the invention.
- the heat transfer medium is usually subjected to a particularly high thermal load, i. H. rapid temperature jumps at very high temperature (for example 580 ° C) and very high heat flux densities.
- the heat transfer medium is usually placed under a high pressure (for example, 30 bar), for example in order to reach the large receiver (for example 100 m) arranged central receiver to prevent outgassing in the central receiver and a particularly large flow rate through the pipes of the to reach the central receiver.
- the additive according to the invention preferably nitrogen monoxide and oxygen, can advantageously be fed in under high pressure.
- heat transfer medium according to the invention is conducted under high pressure (for example 30 bar) from the cold zone (5b) of a heat storage system (5) to a receiver system (2), for example the central receiver of a tower power plant.
- the additive according to the invention for example finely divided by customary means, is fed into this stream under pressure (6).
- the heat transfer medium according to the invention is heated and returned hot to the hot region (5a) of the heat storage system (5). Since the heat storage system can not usually carry high pressure, for example, by a pressure reduction pump (1 1) with energy recovery of the pressure of the heat storage medium regenerative degraded strong.
- the energy released in the pressure reduction pump can be passed on to the booster pump (9), for example, with mechanical shaft coupling (12).
- the pump slip in the pumps (9) and (1 1) can be compensated for example by a separate pump not shown.
- part of the unused additive according to the invention usually passes into the gas phase.
- This unused gaseous additive according to the invention is deposited, for example, in a gas separator (10) (8) and can be fed into the additive feed (to 6). Used additive can for example be supplemented via feed (7).
- the amount of the additive according to the invention which is brought into contact with the nitrate salt composition according to the invention depends on the technical problem to be solved and can be determined by the person skilled in the art by customary methods for determining the composition of the nitrate salt composition which is to be brought into contact with the additive according to the invention to be determined.
- Examples of these methods are analytical methods such as the determination of the basicity, determination of the nitrite and / or nitrate content of the nitrate salt composition which is to be brought into contact with the additive according to the invention.
- the basicity of the inventive nitrate salt composition to be brought into contact with the additive according to the invention for example by acid-base titration or potentiometrically. This determination can be made inline, online or offline.
- the amount of the additive according to the invention is determined and metered, which leads to complete neutralization of the nitrate salt composition according to the invention, but preferably obtains a low residual basicity, as defined below, in the nitrate salt composition according to the invention.
- alkalinity herein is meant the specific amount of acid equivalents that an aqueous solution of molten salt can take up to pH neutrality.
- the sensor quantity "alkalinity” can be measured inline, online or offline
- the setpoint "alkalinity” can be 0.001 -5%, preferably 0.005-1% and particularly preferably 0.01-0.5%.
- Substitute sizes can be: density, optical parameters (spectrum), etc.
- the additive is used in deficit, it may be possible to dispense with an exhaust gas treatment, for example with a nitrogen oxide separator and / or remover, for example DeNOx catalyst and / or condenser.
- an exhaust gas treatment for example with a nitrogen oxide separator and / or remover, for example DeNOx catalyst and / or condenser.
- the additive according to the invention can deliberately be used in excess.
- the subject of the present application is also a process engineering system as defined in the claims.
- This refers to containers connected by piping, for example storage vessels such as tanks, in particular heat storage tanks and / or devices, for example devices for conveying fluids (for example molten salts), such as pumps, which ensure the transport and / or storage of thermal energy by means of heat transfer media or heat storage media
- storage vessels such as tanks, in particular heat storage tanks and / or devices
- fluids for example molten salts
- pumps which ensure the transport and / or storage of thermal energy by means of heat transfer media or heat storage media
- the primary circuit for heat transfer fluids and / or heat storage media in solar thermal power plants for example, the primary circuit for heat transfer fluids and / or heat storage media in solar thermal power plants.
- Examples of such pipelines are those which are located in solar thermal power plants in the focal line of parabolic trough or fresnel mirrors, and / or which form the receiver tubes or receiver tube bundles in solar thermal tower power plants and / or those, for example, in solar thermal power plants, certain devices together connect without having a sunbeam collection function.
- Another example of a process engineering system as defined in claims is salt bath reactors in chemical engineering and their interconnections, each containing the nitrate salt composition of the invention. Wherein all or a subset thereof is contacted with an additive as defined herein.
- the present application also provides the use of an additive as defined in the claims for maintaining or extending the long-term operating temperature range of a heat transfer and / or heat storage medium containing a nitrate salt composition as defined in the claims.
- nitrate salt composition here is to be understood as meaning what has been described in more detail above and is also described herein as the nitrate salt composition according to the invention, including all preferred embodiments.
- the above-mentioned use preferably relates to a heat transfer medium and / or heat storage medium in a) power plants for generating heat and / or electricity, particularly preferably solar thermal power plants, in particular those of the parabolic trough power plant, Fresnel power plant or tower power plant the chemical process engineering, particularly preferably Salzbadreaktoren, or c) in metal hardening plants.
- a) power plants for generating heat and / or electricity particularly preferably solar thermal power plants, in particular those of the parabolic trough power plant, Fresnel power plant or tower power plant the chemical process engineering, particularly preferably Salzbadreaktoren, or c) in metal hardening plants.
- the subject matter of the present application is also a process for generating electrical energy in a solar thermal power plant with a nitrate salt composition as defined in the claims, as a heat carrier and / or heat storage medium, wherein the nitrate salt composition as a whole or a subset thereof with an additive, as in Claims is brought into contact.
- nitrate salt composition here is to be understood as meaning what has been described in more detail above and is also described herein as the nitrate salt composition according to the invention, including all preferred embodiments.
- the abovementioned method preferably relates to a heat transfer medium and / or heat storage medium in solar thermal power plants of the parabolic trough power plant type, Fresnel power plant or tower power plant.
- the present application also relates to the use of an additive according to the invention for reducing or eliminating the corrosivity of a novel composition
- Nitrate salt mixture Nitrate salt mixture.
- nitrate salt composition here is to be understood as meaning what has been described in more detail above and is also described herein as the nitrate salt composition according to the invention, including all preferred embodiments.
- Corrosivity usually refers to ferrous materials, preferably steel materials and usually at temperatures in the range of 290 to 600 ° C, and usually the nitrate salt composition of the present invention is in molten, preferably pumpable form.
- the abovementioned materials are usually used in pipelines or containers, for example storage vessels such as tanks or other devices, for example devices for conveying fluids (for example molten salts), such as pumps.
- storage vessels such as tanks or other devices, for example devices for conveying fluids (for example molten salts), such as pumps.
- fluids for example molten salts
- pipelines are those which are located in solar thermal power plants in the focal line of the parabolic trough or fresnel, and / or the receiver tubes or receiver bundles in solar thermal tower power plants and / or those who connect, for example, in solar thermal power plants, certain devices together, without having a sunbeam collection function.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
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CN201380043424.XA CN104583358A (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2013-08-09 | Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium |
AU2013304154A AU2013304154A1 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2013-08-09 | Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium |
EP13750862.8A EP2885369A1 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2013-08-09 | Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium |
MA37935A MA37935A1 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2013-08-09 | Process for improving nitrate salt compositions during their use as heat transfer media or heat storage media |
IL237047A IL237047A0 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2015-02-02 | Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium |
ZA2015/01768A ZA201501768B (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2015-03-16 | Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium |
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CN (1) | CN104583358A (en) |
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DE102015212057A1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-12-29 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Process for reducing corrosive properties of nitrate salt mixtures |
DE102018222602A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method for storing an inorganic salt and storage device |
US11150031B2 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2021-10-19 | Basf Se | Use of a nitrate salt composition as a heat transfer or heat storage medium for first operation of an apparatus containing these media |
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CN105400498A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-16 | 百吉瑞(天津)新能源有限公司 | Mixed molten salt heat transfer and storage working medium and application thereof |
CN108003845B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-12-04 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Ternary molten nitrate salt and preparation method thereof |
CN113292969B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-03-15 | 北京工业大学 | Medium-high temperature mixed molten salt heat storage system with high latent heat and preparation method |
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2013
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- 2013-08-09 CN CN201380043424.XA patent/CN104583358A/en active Pending
- 2013-08-09 WO PCT/EP2013/066680 patent/WO2014026915A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2013-08-09 AU AU2013304154A patent/AU2013304154A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US11150031B2 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2021-10-19 | Basf Se | Use of a nitrate salt composition as a heat transfer or heat storage medium for first operation of an apparatus containing these media |
DE102018222602A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method for storing an inorganic salt and storage device |
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