CN104583358A - Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium - Google Patents
Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN104583358A CN104583358A CN201380043424.XA CN201380043424A CN104583358A CN 104583358 A CN104583358 A CN 104583358A CN 201380043424 A CN201380043424 A CN 201380043424A CN 104583358 A CN104583358 A CN 104583358A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
- C09K5/12—Molten materials, i.e. materials solid at room temperature, e.g. metals or salts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/20—Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
- F28D2020/0047—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material using molten salts or liquid metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for maintaining or extending the long-term operating temperature range of a heat transfer medium and/or heat storage medium containing a nitrate salt composition selected from among the group consisting of alkali metal nitrate and alkaline earth metal nitrate and, optionally, alkali metal nitrite and alkaline earth metal nitrite. Said method is characterized in that the entire nitrate salt composition or a portion thereof is brought in contact with an additive composed of a combination of elemental oxygen and nitrogen oxides.
Description
The present invention relates to the method for the long period of operation temperature range keeping or widen heat transfer medium and/or heat-storage medium as defined in the appending claims, corresponding process system as defined in the appending claims, additive is in the purposes kept or widen in the long period of operation temperature range of heat transfer medium and/or heat-storage medium as defined in the appending claims, and in solar energy thermal-power-generating station, produce the method for electric energy as defined in the appending claims.
Based on inoganic solids, particularly the heat transfer medium of salt or heat-storage medium are known in chemical technology and generation technology.They usually at high temperature as more than 100 DEG C, therefore, more than the boiling point of water at ambient pressure use.
Such as, salt bath reactor uses in for the industrial chemical device of various chemicals at the temperature of about 200-500 DEG C.
Heat transfer medium is by the energy, the heating of such as, daylight in solar energy thermal-power-generating station, and the medium of the heat wherein comprised through specific range transmission.Then this heat trnasfer is given another medium by them, and such as water or gas, preferably by heat exchanger transmission, wherein then this other medium such as can drive turbine.Heat transfer medium also can for heating reactor (such as salt bath reactor) or be cooled to temperature required in chemical process technology.
But heat transfer medium also by the heat trnasfer wherein comprised to another medium (such as molten salt bath) be present in reservoir, therefore can transmit heat and is used for storing.But, also heat transfer medium itself can be introduced reservoir and be retained in there.They itself are then heat transfer medium and heat-storage medium.
Thermal storage device comprises heat-storage medium, and being generally can the material compositions of store heat special time, such as inventive mixture.For fluid, the thermal storage device of preferred liquid heat-storage medium usually by preferably insulating in case the solids container of heat loss is formed.
The another nearer field of heat transfer medium or heat-storage medium is the solar energy thermal-power-generating station for generation of electric energy.
An example at solar energy thermal-power-generating station is schematically shown in Fig. 1.
In FIG, numeral has following implication:
The solar radiation of 1 input
2 receivers
3 hot heat transfer medium streams
4 cold heat transfer medium streams
The thermal part of 5a heat collecting system
The cold parts of 5b heat collecting system
6 from the hot heat transfer medium stream of heat collecting system
7 enter the cold heat transfer medium stream in heat collecting system
8 heat exchangers (heat transfer medium/stream)
9 vapor stream
10 condensate streams
11 have generator and cooling system turbine
12 electric energy streams
13 used heat
In solar energy thermal-power-generating station, focus on solar radiation (1) and usually heated by heat transfer medium in receiver system (2), described receiver system comprises the combination of tubular type " receiver " usually.Generally speaking, heat transfer medium is usually driven by pump and first flows in heat collecting system (5a), via in pipeline (6) therefrom inflow heat exchanger (8), it discharges its heat in water there, therefore steam (9) is produced, described steam driven turbine (11), described turbine is last as driven generator to produce electric energy in conventional plant.Vapour losses heat (13) in the generation (12) of electric energy, then flows back in heat exchanger (8) usually used as condensate (10).Cold heat transfer medium flows back to receiver system (2) via the cold-zone (5b) of heat collecting system from heat exchanger (8) usually, and it forms loop by solar radiation preheating there.
Storage system can comprise hot case (5a) and ice chest (5b), the container such as separated as two.
An alternate configurations of suitable storage system is the storage layer such as with hot-zone (5a) and cold-zone (5b), and it such as in a vessel.
Other details about solar energy thermal-power-generating station is described in such as Bild der Wissenschaft, and 3,2009,82-99 page and hereinafter.
Three class solar energy thermal-power-generating stations are current particular importances: parabolic trough type power station, Fresnel (Fresnel) power station and tower-type electricity generation station.
In parabolic trough type power station, solar radiation focuses on the focal line of mirror by parabolic lens groove.There is the pipe (being commonly referred to " receiver ") being full of heat transfer medium there.Heat transfer medium is by solar radiation heating and in inflow heat exchanger, it transmits its heat for generation of steam as mentioned above there.In current solar energy thermal-power-generating station, parabola groove-body system can reach more than the length of 100km.
In Fresnel power station, solar radiation is focused on focal line by general closed planar mirror.Focal line exists the pipe (being commonly referred to " receiver ") that heat transfer medium flows through.Contrary with parabolic trough type power station, mirror and pipe can not together with mobile with the position of following the sun, and be to provide and arrange relative to the mirror of stationary pipes.Mirror arranges the position of following the sun and stationary pipes is always positioned on the focal line of mirror.In Fresnel power station, fused salt also can be used as heat transfer medium.Salt Fresnel power station is still under development to a great extent at present.Steam in salt Fresnel power station produces or electric energy generation is carried out in the mode being similar to parabolic trough type power station.
When solar heat tower-type electricity generation station (hereinafter also referred to as tower-type electricity generation station), tower is by mirror, in technical field also referred to as " heliostat " around, described mirror with the type of focusing by solar radiation radiation on the central receiver on tower top.In the usual receiver be made up of tube bank, heat transfer medium heats by heat exchanger, and this produces the steam for generation of electric energy in the mode being similar to parabolic trough type power station or Fresnel power station.
Known for a long time based on the heat transfer medium of inorganic salts or heat-storage medium.Under their high temperature usually when water is gas, namely usual 100 DEG C and more relative superiority or inferiority use.
The known heat transfer medium that can use at relatively high temperatures or heat-storage medium for comprising alkali nitrates and/or alkaline earth nitrate, the composition optionally mixed with alkali metal nitrites salts and/or alkaline earth metal nitrite.
Example is the product of Coastal Chemical Company LLC
solar Salt (potassium nitrate: sodium nitrate 40 % by weight: 60 % by weight),
(eutectic mixture of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and natrium nitrosum).
The mixture of nitrate mixture or NO3-N and NO2-N can use and not decompose at higher long period of operation temperature.
In principle, have compared with low melting point or compared with this kind of mixture of high decomposition temperature by nitrate, those of usual alkali metal lithium, sodium, potassium, optional and nitrite, those combination preparations together of usual alkali metal lithium, sodium, potassium or alkaline earth metals calcium.
Hereinafter, unless otherwise expressly noted, term alkali metal refers to lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, preferred lithium, sodium, potassium, particularly preferably sodium, potassium.
Hereinafter, unless otherwise expressly noted, term alkaline-earth metal refers to beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, preferred calcium, strontium, barium, particularly preferably calcium and barium.
Object is still exploitation and becomes solid (solidifying) at a lower temperature, therefore has low melting point, but has heat transfer medium or the heat-storage medium of high maximum long period of operation temperature (being similar to high decomposition temperature).
For the present invention, maximum long period of operation temperature is the maximum allowable operating temperature (M.A.O.T.) of heat transfer medium or heat-storage medium, and at such a temperature, through long-time, usual 10-30, performance such as viscosity, fusing point, the corrosion behavior of medium can not obviously change compared with initial value.
Preferably use the mixture of sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate at relatively high temperatures.Customary long period of operation temperature range is 290-565 DEG C.This kind of mixture has higher melt.
The mixture of alkali nitrates and alkali metal nitrites salts has the fusing point lower than above-mentioned nitrate mixture, and has lower decomposition temperature.The mixture of alkali nitrates and alkali metal nitrites salts uses usually at the temperature of 150-450 DEG C.
But, it is desirable to, particularly in the power station for generation of electric energy as the use in solar energy thermal-power-generating station, the temperature of heat transfer medium is improved far more than 400 DEG C time in the heat exchanger arriving steam generator, such as far more than 500 DEG C (being called steam inlet temperature), because then improve the efficiency of steam turbine.
Therefore, it is desirable to improve the heat endurance of heat transfer medium in long period of operation, such as, to being greater than about 565 DEG C.
The chemistry of nitrate mixture and nitrate/nitrite mixture and physical property and therefore such as their long period of operation temperature ranges in solar energy thermal-power-generating station can change in disadvantageous mode in a large number of ways.
Such as, stand quite high temperature when the time of said mixture especially through extending, such as when nitrate mixture more than 565 DEG C, when nitrate/nitrite mixture when more than 450 DEG C, they resolve into various catabolite usually.
This usually causes maximum long period of operation temperature to be down to below economy and/or technology acceptable value and/or fusing point is increased to more than economy and/or technology acceptable value.In addition, the decomposition of described mixture also causes its corrosivity to improve usually.
In addition, the chemistry of nitrate mixture and nitrate/nitrite mixture and physical property and therefore their long period of operation temperature ranges in solar energy thermal-power-generating station may owing to absorbing trace or even relative large water gaging or carbon dioxide, such as, change in disadvantageous mode due to the open operation leaked in heat transfer medium/vapor heat exchanger or contact with the atmospheric moisture of extraneous air due to wherein heat transfer medium or heat-storage medium.
Like this, the performance of nitrate mixture or nitrate/nitrite mixture may be deteriorated to and to a certain degree make them become uncomfortable to be used as heat transfer medium or heat-storage medium and usually must to replace with fresh mixture, when enormous amount in the pipeline being included in the solar energy thermal-power-generating station such as with many hours thermal storage devices and storage system, this is technology and disadvantageous or be impossible substantially economically.
The object of the invention is to find to avoid or reverse based on nitrate mixture or the nitrate/heat transfer medium of nitrite mixture or the deterioration of heat-storage medium or the method for long period of operation temperature range widening this kind of mixture.
Another object of the present invention finds to make to comprise the method that the heat transfer medium of nitrite or heat-storage medium are suitable for higher long period of operation temperature.
Therefore we find the method for method, process system, purposes and the generation electric energy defined in claims.
Due to reasonability reason, the nitrate composition defined in description and claims, particularly its preferably and particularly preferred embodiment, hereinafter also referred to as (the present invention/according to nitrate composition of the present invention).
Nitrate composition of the present invention is selected from alkali nitrates and alkaline earth nitrate and optional alkali metal nitrites salts and alkaline earth metal nitrite.
The very useful embodiment of nitrate composition of the present invention to comprise in the mixture of alkali nitrates or alkaline earth nitrate or alkali nitrates and alkaline earth nitrate and often kind of situation optional alkali metal nitrites salts or alkaline earth metal nitrite as important component.
Alkali nitrates is lithium metal, sodium, potassium, rubidium or caesium herein, and preferred lithium, sodium, potassium, particularly preferably the nitrate of sodium, potassium, is described as MetNO usually
3, wherein Met represents above-mentioned alkali metal, and it is preferably substantially anhydrous, particularly preferably nodeless mesh water, and wherein term alkali nitrates comprises single nitrate and the nitrate mixture of these metals, such as potassium nitrate adds sodium nitrate.
Alkaline earth nitrate is magnesium metal, calcium, strontium, barium herein, and preferred calcium, strontium, barium, the particularly preferably nitrate of calcium and barium, be described as Met (NO usually
3)
2, wherein Met represents above-mentioned alkaline-earth metal, and it is preferably substantially anhydrous, particularly preferably nodeless mesh water, and wherein term alkaline earth nitrate comprises single nitrate and the nitrate mixture of these metals, such as calcium nitrate adds magnesium nitrate.
Alkali metal nitrites salts is alkali metal lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium herein, and preferred lithium, sodium, potassium, particularly preferably sodium, potassium, be described as MetNO usually
2, wherein Met represents above-mentioned alkali metal, it is preferably substantially anhydrous, particularly preferably nodeless mesh water.Alkali metal nitrites salts can be expressed as the mixture of single compound or various alkali metal nitrites salts, and such as natrium nitrosum adds potassium nitrite.
Alkaline earth metal nitrite is magnesium metal, calcium, strontium, barium herein, and preferred calcium, strontium, barium, the particularly preferably nitrite of calcium and barium, be described as Met (NO usually
2)
2, wherein Met represents above-mentioned alkaline-earth metal, and it is preferably substantially anhydrous, particularly preferably nodeless mesh water, and wherein term alkaline earth metal nitrite comprises single nitrite and the nitrite mixture of these metals, such as calcium nitrite adds magnesium nitrite.
Preferably following nitrate composition of the present invention:
Under comprising alkali nitrates and/or alkaline earth nitrate and often kind of situation, optional alkali metal nitrites salts and/or alkaline earth metal nitrite are as the nitrate composition of the present invention of important component;
Comprise optional alkali metal nitrites salts under the alkali nitrates and often kind of situation being selected from sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate and/or the alkaline earth metal nitrite nitrate composition of the present invention as important component;
Comprise alkali nitrates and the optional alkali metal nitrites salts nitrate composition of the present invention as important component;
Comprise alkali nitrates and be optionally selected from of the present invention nitrate composition of alkali metal nitrites salts as important component of natrium nitrosum and potassium nitrite;
The alkali metal nitrites salts being optionally selected from natrium nitrosum and potassium nitrite under comprising the alkali nitrates and often kind of situation being selected from sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate and/or the alkaline earth metal nitrite being selected from calcium nitrite and barium nitrite are as the nitrate composition of the present invention of important component;
Comprise alkali nitrates and/or the alkaline earth nitrate nitrate composition of the present invention as important component;
Comprise the alkali nitrates being selected from sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate and/or the alkaline earth nitrate being selected from calcium nitrate and the barium nitrate nitrate composition of the present invention as important component;
Comprise of the present invention nitrate composition of alkali nitrates as important component;
Comprise the alkali nitrates that is selected from sodium nitrate and the potassium nitrate nitrate composition of the present invention as important component;
Comprise the alkali nitrates that is selected from sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate another very useful nitrate composition of the present invention as important component for such as follows:
The potassium nitrate of the amount of 20-55 % by weight, and
The sodium nitrate of the amount of 45-80 % by weight, based on mixture in often kind of situation;
35-45 % by weight, the preferably potassium nitrate of amount of 40 % by weight, and
55-65 % by weight, the preferably sodium nitrate of amount of 60 % by weight, based on mixture in often kind of situation.
The alkali metal nitrites salts comprising alkali nitrates and be optionally selected from natrium nitrosum and potassium nitrite as another very useful nitrate composition of the present invention of important component for such as follows:
30-70 % by weight, the potassium nitrate of the amount of preferred 50-60 % by weight, and 3-30 % by weight, the sodium nitrate of the amount of preferred 5-10 % by weight, and 20-60 % by weight, the natrium nitrosum of the amount of preferred 35-45 % by weight, based on mixture in often kind of situation.
The mixture of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and natrium nitrosum is also as product
commercial by Coastal Chemical Company LLC.
Comprise alkali nitrates and optional alkaline earth nitrate another very useful nitrate composition of the present invention as important component for such as follows:
30-50 % by weight, the potassium nitrate of the amount of preferred 35-45 % by weight, and 5-30 % by weight, the sodium nitrate of the amount of preferred 10-20 % by weight, and 20-63 % by weight, the calcium nitrate of the amount of preferred 35-45 % by weight, based on mixture in often kind of situation.
Except above-mentioned important component, nitrate composition of the present invention can comprise other component of trace, the oxide of such as alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal, chloride, sulfate, carbonate, hydroxide, silicate, silica, ferriferous oxide, aluminium oxide or water.These components and usually based on nitrate composition of the present invention for being not more than 1 % by weight.
The all components of nitrate composition of the present invention and be 100 % by weight in often kind of situation.
Melting is become and usual pumpable form, this cationic ratio especially depending on content of nitrite and form mixture at the temperature of nitrate composition of the present invention more than about 100-300 DEG C.
Preferred molten form, such as, nitrate composition of the present invention as pumpable liquid is used for preferably producing the power station of heat and/or electric energy, chemical process technology as in salt bath reactor and metal hardening equipment as heat transfer medium and/or heat-storage medium.
The example producing the power station of heat and/or electric energy is that solar energy thermal-power-generating station is as parabolic trough type power station, Fresnel power station, tower-type electricity generation station.
In very useful embodiment, be preferably molten condition, nitrate composition of the present invention such as pumpable liquid is used for solar energy thermal-power-generating station, such as, in parabolic trough type power station, tower-type electricity generation station or Fresnel power station as heat transfer medium and heat-storage medium.
In the embodiment that another is very useful, be preferably molten condition, nitrate composition of the present invention such as pumpable liquid is used for solar energy thermal-power-generating station, such as, in parabolic trough type power station, tower-type electricity generation station, Fresnel power station as heat transfer medium or heat-storage medium.
Such as, be preferably molten condition, such as the nitrate composition of the present invention of pumpable liquid as heat transfer medium and/or heat-storage medium, be particularly preferably used in tower-type electricity generation station as heat transfer medium.
When being preferably molten condition, nitrate composition of the present invention such as pumpable liquid is used for solar energy thermal-power-generating station as heat transfer medium, such as, in parabolic trough type power station, tower-type electricity generation station, Fresnel power station time, the pipe of heat transfer medium by being heated by solar radiation.In the heat thermal storage device that is sent to the steam heater in power station that there produces by usually or heat exchanger.
In a change programme, thermal storage device comprises multiple, usual 2 bulk containers, usual cold containers and heat container (also referred to as " two casees thermal storage devices ").Usually, will be preferably molten condition, such as, take out from the cold containers of solar facilities as the nitrate composition of the present invention of pumpable liquid and heat in the solar energy field of parabola groove equipment or tower receiver.Usually the hot melt salt mixture heated like this to be introduced in heat container and to be stored in there until need for generation of electric energy.
Another change programme of thermal storage device " temperature jump formula thermal storage device " comprises heat-storage medium and is stored in case wherein with the layer of different temperatures.This change programme is also referred to as " layering thermal storage device ".When storing, material is taken out from the cold-zone of thermal storage device.Heating materials is also supplied back be used in the hot-zone of thermal storage device storing.Therefore the temperature formula thermal storage device that jumps uses in the mode being very similar to two casees thermal storage devices.
Usually will be molten condition, such as, the present invention's hot nitrate composition as pumpable liquid takes out and is pumped in the steam generator of steam power station from the hot-zone of hot case or layering thermal storage device.The steam of the pressure produced there in 100 Palestine and Israels usually drives turbine and electric energy is supplied electrical network by generator.
At heat exchanger (salt/steam) place, will be molten condition usually, such as, as the nitrate composition cools of the present invention extremely about 290 DEG C of pumpable liquid, and usually send back in the cold parts of ice chest or layering thermal storage device.When heat is sent to thermal storage device or steam generator from the pipe heated by solar radiation, the nitrate composition of the present invention of melting form serves as heat transfer medium.When introducing in heat vessel, identical nitrate composition of the present invention serves as heat-storage medium, such as, to make to produce electric energy as required.
But, the nitrate composition of the present invention of preferred molten form is also as heat transfer medium and/or heat-storage medium, preferred heat transfer medium is used in chemical process technology, such as the reaction unit of heating chemical production equipment, wherein very high hot-fluid usually must at very high temperatures with change transmission among a small circle.Example is salt bath reactor.The example of described production equipment is acrylic acid equipment or the equipment for the production of melamine.
Nitrate composition of the present invention is contacted with additive.
Nitrate composition of the present invention herein usual with liquid, can pumping, usual melting form exists.
Additive, hereinafter also referred to as the combination that " additive of the present invention " is simple substance oxygen (elemental oxygen) and nitrogen oxide, preferred nitric oxide.
Simple substance oxygen also under the existence of nitrogen, such as in the form of air, and/or can provide under the existence of rare gas.
The nitrogen oxide existed depends on the presence or absence of boundary condition as pressure, temperature, oxygen.The example of nitrogen oxide is nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide.
The mol ratio forming the component of additive of the present invention is not crucial usually.
The mol ratio of simple substance oxygen and nitrogen oxide is generally 1:10-10:1.Such as simple substance oxygen (O
2) combine with the mol ratio of 1:2 with nitric oxide (NO), it is equivalent to the nitrogen dioxide (NO of 2 equivalents
2).Simple substance oxygen also can such as excessive use compared with nitrogen oxide.
The contact of nitrate composition of the present invention and additive of the present invention under the pressure prevailing of the place adding additive, such as, is carried out usually under the pressure of 1-30 bar (absolute pressure).
Such as, the pressure adding the place of additive in the large heat storage box at solar energy thermal-power-generating station is more than atmospheric pressure several millibars, and at solar energy thermal-power-generating station, such as, pressure in the central receiver at tower-type electricity generation station is generally 30 bar.
The contact of additive of the present invention and nitrate composition of the present invention usually by additive of the present invention is introduced usual with liquid, can pumping, under the surface of the nitrate composition of the present invention of usual melting form or carry out on the surface.
The contact of nitrate composition of the present invention and additive of the present invention is carried out usually in suitable device.This can be container and/pipeline, and wherein nitrate of the present invention flows through wherein or is retained in wherein or in the sub-volume of container or pipeline.
Such as, in solar energy thermal-power-generating station, additive introducing of the present invention can be comprised the container of nitrate composition of the present invention as in case.
Such as, comprise two casees having, namely in hotter case and the solar energy thermal-power-generating station compared with the thermal storage device of ice chest, additive of the present invention is introduced in hotter case, preferably under the surface being present in nitrate composition of the present invention wherein.
Such a very useful embodiment to be such as shown in Fig. 2 and to be described in hereinafter.
In fig. 2, numeral has following implication.
1 hot case
2 ice chests
The introducing of 3 additives of the present invention
Fig. 2 shows two casees storage system, and wherein by additive of the present invention (3), such as oxygen and nitric oxide are introduced in the nitrate composition of the present invention of the melting form in hotter case 1, such as, under the surface of the mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
In the thermal storage device (also referred to as layering thermal storage device) only comprising a case, under only difficulty gaseous additives can being introduced the surface of heat-storage medium.In this case, the bubble of rising can produce the convection current of heat collecting system and weaken the thermal stratification of thermal storage device.
This way to solve the problem is by the surface of additive introducing heat-storage medium of the present invention or in the heat transfer medium incoming flow of the present invention of introducing thermal storage device, such as, introduce in the hot-zone of thermal storage device.
Wherein by additive of the present invention, the very useful embodiment of single case thermal storage device (also referred to as layering thermal storage device) that such as oxygen and nitric oxide add in the hot-zone incoming flow of heat collecting system to be such as shown in Fig. 3 and to be described in hereinafter.
In figure 3, numeral has following implication.
1 layering thermal storage device
2 receivers
The hot heat transfer medium stream of 3 the present invention
The cold heat transfer medium stream of 4 the present invention
5a hot-zone
5b cold-zone
The introducing of 6 additives of the present invention
The hot heat transfer medium of the present invention (3) flows into the hot-zone (5a) of thermal storage device (1) from solar receiver (2).Cold-zone (5b) is positioned under such as hot-zone (5a).By the additive of the present invention (6) preferably by conventional equipment fine dispersion, preferred oxygen and nitric oxide are introduced in stream (3).
In the operation of heat collecting system, operation produces storage temperature and changes between the minimum and maximum.Therefore material (heat-storage medium and the gas on it) and storage system are expanded to different degree usually.These effects can cause in storage system at the extraneous high sub-atmospheric pressure of allowable pressure or super-atmospheric pressure.These undesirable pressure effects control by using suitable gas to make thermal storage device breathe as air and/or nitrogen.If the atmosphere of the container of heat collecting system comprises containing such as nitrogen dioxide (NO
2), the additive of nitric oxide (NO) or its mixture, then therefore nitrogenous gas can be discharged in environment.
This way to solve the problem to be such as shown in Fig. 4 and to be described in hereinafter.
In the diagram, numeral has following implication.
1 heat collecting system
5 gas buffer systems
6 nitrogen oxide separator/remover
In operation, heat collecting system (1) requires to breathe by the gas compartment.For this reason, when superatmospheric pressure, gas can by nitrogen oxide separator/remover (6), and such as DeNOx catalyst and/or condenser are discharged in environment.If sub-atmospheric pressures occurs storage system (1), then introduce suitable breathing gas as air or nitrogen by conventional method.In addition, gas buffer system (5) can be used for the temporary reservoir (buffering) carrying out the gas flow during heating discharged by thermal storage device, to lead back in storage system them to avoid sub-atmospheric pressures when cooling.Due to this measure, effectively lower preferably by nitrogen oxide separator/remover (6), the amount of the gas in heat collecting system introduced by such as DeNOx catalyst and/or condenser.
The alternative scheme of gas buffer system is by introducing in homogenizing case separately by liquid heat-storage medium of the present invention or removing from the homogenizing case separated and keep the pressure in storage system.Remove and introduce and preferably carry out from the cold-zone of heat collecting system or introduce in cold-zone.Excess air in heat collecting system such as nitrogen oxide can produce due to the decomposition of heat-storage medium.These excess air can be sent in colder homogenizing case by heat transfer medium in a certain way, make the amount reducing excess nitrogen oxide.Then remaining gas can be fed nitrogen oxide separator/remover, such as, in DeNOx catalyst and/or condenser.
Due to above-mentioned pressure maintenance system, above-mentioned introducing in heat collecting system by additive of the present invention causes unconspicuous pressure in the gas compartment in heat collecting system more than heat-storage medium surface to improve usually.Meter pressure in the gas compartment is generally 0-0.01 bar.
In another embodiment of the present invention, additive of the present invention can be introduced in a container, the nitrate composition of the present invention of the melting form of described container and primary amount, the sodium nitrate of such as melting form and mixture of potassium nitrate are in parallel and discontinuous or preferably to be introduced wherein by the nitrate composition of the present invention of component continuously and from wherein taking out.
Additive of the present invention is introduced in the container in parallel with the nitrate composition main flow of the present invention of flowing there is this advantage: regardless of main flow operating pressure separately, can select different in the container of parallel connection, advantageously higher pressure and/or different temperature, this usual generation is reacted faster, and the regeneration degree that therefore nitrate mixture of the present invention is higher.
Such as, in this embodiment, the introducing of additive of the present invention at lower temperature, such as, can be carried out at 250-350 DEG C, and the nitrate mixture of the present invention then therefore processed can be introduced in usually hotter heat transfer circuit.
Hereafter such as describe the very useful embodiment of the present invention's above-mentioned " container embodiments in parallel " about solar energy thermal-power-generating station and be schematically shown in Fig. 5.
Herein:
Fig. 5 a shows in introducing heat collecting system
Fig. 5 b shows in the hot heat transfer medium stream of introducing
Fig. 5 c shows in the cold heat transfer medium stream of introducing
In Figure 5, numeral has following implication.
1 heat collecting system
2 receiver systems
The hot heat transfer medium stream of 3 the present invention
The cold heat transfer medium stream of 4 the present invention
The hot-zone of 5a heat collecting system
The cold-zone of 5b heat collecting system
The introducing of 6 additives of the present invention
The taking-up of 7 heat transfer medium subflows of the present invention
The recirculation of 8 heat transfer medium subflows of the present invention
9 external reaction containers
Display is for solar energy thermal-power-generating station (see Fig. 1), and three change programmes that how can build the contact of nitrate mixture of the present invention and additive of the present invention are such as described in Fig. 5.All changes scheme all has the receiver system (2) that heat transfer/heat-storage medium and heat collecting system (1) exchange by pipeline (3) and (4).Heat collecting system (1) has hot-zone (5a) and cold-zone (5b).A change programme (Fig. 5 a) in, subflow such as from heat collecting system warm area take out.It is also possible for it being taken out from the hot-zone of storage system or cold-zone.In the second change programme (Fig. 5 b), subflow is taken out from the hot main flow (3) of heat transfer medium.In the 3rd change programme (Fig. 5 c), it is taken out from the cold main flow (4) of heat transfer medium.
The branch of nitrate composition subflow of the present invention is such as drawn into row by pump.After taking-up subflow, it is made to contact with additive of the present invention in the reaction vessel separated.Reaction vessel is arranged to different compared with taking-up temperature by conventional method, and preferably higher pressure and/or the temperature of change, to realize the high regeneration degree of such as nitrate mixture of the present invention.
In the solar energy thermal-power-generating station of tower-type electricity generation station type, heat transfer medium stands extra high thermal stress usually, i.e. variations in temperature fast at very high temperature (such as 580 DEG C) and very high heat flow density.Simultaneously, under heat transfer medium is placed in high pressure (such as 30 bar) usually, such as, be placed in the central receiver at large height (such as 100m) place with arrival to prevent the permeation of central receiver and to realize the extra high flowing velocity by the pipe of central receiver.
Such as, additive of the present invention, preferred nitric oxide and oxygen can advantageously under high pressure be introduced in the solar energy thermal-power-generating station of tower-type electricity generation station type.
The method under high pressure introducing additive of the present invention is such as described in hereinafter.The method is such as applicable to solar energy tower type power station and is schematically shown in Fig. 6.
In figure 6, numeral has following implication.
2 central receivers
5 heat collecting system
The hot-zone of 5a heat collecting system
The cold-zone of 5b heat collecting system
The introducing of 6 additives of the present invention
The introducing of the additive of the present invention of 7 other amounts
8 gaseous additives of the present invention reclaimed
9 booster pumps
10 gas separators
11 step-down pumps
12 machenical couplings
Removing of 13 inert gases
The waste gas streams of 14 inert gases
In figure 6, heat transfer medium of the present invention is sent to receiver system (2) as the central receiver at tower-type electricity generation station by booster pump (9) from the cold-zone (5b) of heat collecting system (5) under high pressure (such as 30 bar).Such as introduced in (6) this stream under superatmospheric pressure by the additive of the present invention of conventional method fine dispersion.In central receiver system (2), heat transfer medium of the present invention is heated and hot heat transfer medium is recycled in the hot-zone (5a) of heat collecting system (5).Because heat collecting system can not stand high pressure usually, the pressure of heat-storage medium is such as greatly reduced by step-down pump (11), recovers energy, can supply back simultaneously.The energy discharged in step-down pump such as can pass to booster pump (9) by machenical coupling (12).The pump of pump (9) and (11) is leaked and can such as be compensated by pump (not shown) separately.After pressure in pump (11) reduces, the additive of the present invention that a part does not consume is transformed into gas phase usually.This gaseous additives of the present invention do not consumed such as is separated (8) in gas separator (10), and can introduce (in 6) in additive incoming flow.The additive consumed can such as be replaced by incoming flow (7).
For measuring, the amount of the additive of the present invention contacted with nitrate composition of the present invention depends on technical problem to be solved and can be used by those skilled in the art treats that the conventional method formed of the nitrate composition contacted with additive of the present invention is determined.
The example of these methods is the mensuration of analytical method, such as basicity, the nitrite of nitrate composition contacted with additive of the present invention and/or the mensuration of nitrate content.
In the useful embodiment being such as suitable for solar energy thermal-power-generating station, with additive of the present invention, basicity such as the acidic group titration or constant-current titration of the nitrate composition of the present invention that preferred oxygen contacts with nitric oxide measure.This mensuration can in line, on line or off-line carry out.Based on the basicity value measured like this, determine the amount of additive of the present invention and introduce, causing the neutralization completely of nitrate composition of the present invention, but be preferably neutralized in nitrate composition of the present invention as hereafter the little residual alkalinity that defines.
For the present invention, basicity (basicity) aqueous solution Absorbable rod that is molten salt bath is until it reaches the specific acid equivalents of pH neutrality.Sensor parameters " basicity " can in line, on line or off-line measurement.Target " basicity " value should be 0.001-5%, preferred 0.005-1%, particularly preferably 0.01-0.5%.Replace by titrimetry basicity, also can use alternative sensor parameter after suitable demarcation.Alternate parameter can be: density, optical parametric (spectrum) etc.
If additive uses with substoichiometric amount, then can omit exhaust-gas treatment, such as, use nitrogen oxide separator and/or remover, such as DeNOx catalyst and/or condenser.
In another embodiment, such as, when high-temperature service is as solar heat tower-type electricity generation station, the additive of the present invention of hyperstoichiometry amount can deliberately be used.
Present patent application also provides process system as defined in the appending claims.
For the present invention, this system is by container, such as reservoir is as case, particularly heat storage box, and/or device, device such as pump such as pumping fluid (such as molten salt bath) is formed, and described device is connected by pipeline and carried out transmission and/or the storage of heat energy by heat transfer medium or heat-storage medium, such as, heat transfer medium in solar energy thermal-power-generating station and/or the major loop of heat-storage medium.
The example of this kind of pipeline is be arranged on the parabola groove mirror at solar energy thermal-power-generating station or the focal line of Fresenl mirror and/or formed at solar heat tower-type electricity generation station those that receive organ pipe or receiver tube bank, and/or is such as interconnected by specific device in solar energy thermal-power-generating station and does not have those of function collecting solar radiation.
As defined in the appending claims another example of process system be chemical process technology salt bath reactor with by they being connected the system formed, it comprises nitrate composition of the present invention under often planting situation.All or part of making the latter contacts with additive as herein defined.
Present patent application also provides additive as defined in the appending claims in the purposes kept or widen in the long period of operation temperature range of heat transfer medium and/or the heat-storage medium comprising nitrate composition as defined in the appending claims.
For the present invention, additive is describe and be described as in this article those of additive of the present invention above in more detail, comprises all preferred embodiments.For the present invention, nitrate composition is describe and be referred to herein as the present invention/according to those of nitrate composition of the present invention above in more detail, comprises all preferred embodiments.
Such use preferably relates to a) for generation of heat and/or electric power station, particularly preferably solar energy thermal-power-generating station, particularly parabolic trough type power station, Fresnel power station or tower-type electricity generation station type those in, b) chemical process technology, particularly preferably in salt bath reactor, or heat transfer medium c) in metal hardening equipment and/or heat-storage medium.
Present patent application is also provided in solar energy thermal-power-generating station and uses nitrate composition as defined in the appending claims to produce the method for electric energy as heat transfer medium and/or heat-storage medium, wherein makes all or part nitrate composition contact with additive as defined in the appending claims.
For the present invention, additive is describe and be described as in this article those of additive of the present invention above in more detail, comprises all preferred embodiments.For the present invention, nitrate composition is describe and be referred to herein as the present invention/according to those of nitrate composition of the present invention above in more detail, comprises all preferred embodiments.
Said method preferably relates to heat transfer medium in the solar energy thermal-power-generating station of parabolic trough type power station, Fresnel power station or tower-type electricity generation station type and/or heat-storage medium.
The application also provides additive of the present invention reducing or eliminating the purposes in the corrosivity of nitrate mixture of the present invention.
Herein, additive is describe and be described as those of additive of the present invention above in more detail, comprises all preferred embodiments.
Herein, nitrate composition is describe and be described as those of nitrate composition of the present invention above in more detail, comprises all preferred embodiments.
Corrosivity is usually directed to iron-bearing materials, preferably comprises the material of steel, and usually at the temperature of 290-600 DEG C, and nitrate composition of the present invention is usually with melting, preferably can pumping form exist.
Above-mentioned material is generally used for pipeline or container, and such as reservoir vessel is as case, or other device, such as, for transmitting the device of fluid (such as molten salt bath) as in pump.
The example of this kind of pipeline be present in parabola groove mirror in solar energy thermal-power-generating station or Fresenl mirror focal line on and/or in solar heat tower-type electricity generation station, form those that receive organ pipe or receiver tube bank, and/or such as specific device is interconnected in solar energy thermal-power-generating station and not there are those of solar radiation collection function.
Use salt bath reactor and connector thereof that another example of the device of above-mentioned material is chemical technology engineering, it contacts with nitrite combination thing of the present invention under often planting situation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
60 % by weight sodium nitrate that comprise of 500g to be put into the salt mixture of 40 % by weight potassium nitrate and stirred stainless steel device together with 8g NaOH at 300 DEG C.Through 2 hours, under 21.5g nitric oxide (NO) being introduced together with 10 litres of air the surface of melt.After cooling, by soluble in water for the sample of this salt and analyze, the hydroxide content (<0.1g/100g) below detectable limit is obtained.
It is therefore, it is possible to demonstrate as catabolite possible in nitrate composition of the present invention, and NaOH is removed by introducing NO and air, therefore improves the long-time stability of melt.
Embodiment 2:
60 % by weight sodium nitrate that comprise of 500g to be put into the salt mixture of 40 % by weight potassium nitrate and stirred stainless steel device together with 5g sodium oxide molybdena/sodium peroxide (80:20) at 300 DEG C.Through 1 hours, by 18g nitrogen dioxide (" NO
2") introduce the surface of melt together with 5 litres of air under.After cooling, by soluble in water for the sample of this salt and analyze, the hydroxide content (<0.1g/100g) below detectable limit is obtained.
It is therefore, it is possible to demonstrate as catabolite possible in nitrate composition of the present invention, and NaOH is by introducing NO
2remove with air, therefore improve the long-time stability of melt.
Embodiment 3:
The salt mixture comprising 60 % by weight sodium nitrate and 40 % by weight potassium nitrate of 500g and 5g sodium carbonate (being equivalent to 0.11 quality % carbon) are mixed to be incorporated in stir in stainless steel device and is heated to 300 DEG C.With after through 1 hours, the 6g nitric oxide (NO) mixed with 5 litres of air is introduced in melt.After experiment terminates, the analysis of bath sample soluble in water shows the total carbon content of 0.031 quality %.
It, therefore, it is possible to demonstrate the sodium carbonate that nitric oxide greatly eliminates the possible catabolite as nitrate composition of the present invention together with air, which increases the long-time stability of salt mixture.
Embodiment 4:
The salt mixture comprising 60 % by weight sodium nitrate and 40 % by weight potassium nitrate of 500g and 5g potassium superoxide are mixed to be incorporated in stir in stainless steel reactor and is heated to 300 DEG C.With after through 1 hours, the 9.8g nitric oxide (NO) mixed with 5 litres of air is introduced in melt.After cooling, by soluble in water for the sample of this salt and analyze, obtain the hydroxide content below detectable limit and content of nitrite (respectively <0.1 and <0.5g/100g).
It is therefore, it is possible to demonstrate as catabolite possible in nitrate composition of the present invention, and potassium superoxide is removed by introducing NO and air, therefore improves the long-time stability of melt.
Claims (12)
1. keep or widen the method for long period of operation temperature range of heat transfer medium and/or the heat-storage medium comprising nitrate composition, described nitrate composition is selected from alkali nitrates and alkaline earth nitrate and optional alkali metal nitrites salts and alkaline earth metal nitrite, wherein makes all or part nitrate composition and comprises the additive of simple substance oxygen with the combination of nitrogen oxide and contact.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein heat transfer medium and/or heat-storage medium are for generation of in the power station of heat and/or electric energy, chemical process technology or metal hardening equipment.
3., according to the method for claim 1 or 2, the power station wherein producing heat and/or electric energy is solar energy thermal-power-generating station.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein solar energy thermal-power-generating station is parabolic trough type power station, Fresnel power station or tower-type electricity generation station type.
5. method as claimed in one of claims 1-4, wherein the contact of heat transfer medium and additive is carried out in reservoir and/or in main flow and/or in reaction compartment, and described reaction compartment comprises the heat transfer medium of component and arranged in parallel with heat transfer medium main flow.
6. method as claimed in one of claims 1-5, wherein select cause nitrate composition of the present invention to neutralize completely or in nitrate composition of the present invention residual alkalinity setting additive capacity.
7. process system, wherein pipeline is connected with container and/or device and wherein exists and comprises heat transfer medium and/or the heat-storage medium of the nitrate composition defined any one of claim 1-6, wherein make all or part nitrate composition with any one of claim 1-6 the additive that defines contact.
8. process system according to claim 7, it is the composition producing heat and/or the power station of electric energy, chemical process technology equipment or metal hardening equipment.
9. process system according to claim 8, the equipment wherein for generation of heat and/or electric energy is solar energy thermal-power-generating station.
10. any one of claim 1-6 the additive that defines keep or widen to comprise any one of claim 1-6 the purposes in the heat transfer medium of nitrate composition that defines and/or the long period of operation temperature range of heat-storage medium.
11. to use in solar energy thermal-power-generating station as claim 1-6 any one of the nitrate composition that defines as the method for heat transfer medium and/or heat-storage medium generation electric energy, wherein make all or part nitrate composition with any one of claim 1-6 the additive that defines contact.
12. as defined in claim 1 additive reducing or the purposes eliminated in the corrosivity of nitrate composition as defined in claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12180818.2 | 2012-08-17 | ||
| EP12180818 | 2012-08-17 | ||
| PCT/EP2013/066680 WO2014026915A1 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2013-08-09 | Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104583358A true CN104583358A (en) | 2015-04-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380043424.XA Pending CN104583358A (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2013-08-09 | Method for improving nitrate salt compositions used as heat transfer medium or heat storage medium |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2885369A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104583358A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013304154A1 (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2015000387A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL237047A0 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA37935A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014026915A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201501768B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105400498A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-16 | 百吉瑞（天津）新能源有限公司 | Mixed molten salt heat transfer and storage working medium and application thereof |
| CN108003845A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-08 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | A kind of ternary nitric acid fused salt and preparation method thereof |
| CN113292969A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-24 | 北京工业大学 | Medium-high temperature mixed molten salt heat storage system with high latent heat and preparation method |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015212057A1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-12-29 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Process for reducing corrosive properties of nitrate salt mixtures |
| BR112018072083B1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2023-04-18 | Basf Se | PROCESS FOR THE FIRST START-UP OF AN APPLIANCE |
| DE102018222602A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method for storing an inorganic salt and storage device |
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2013
- 2013-08-09 MA MA37935A patent/MA37935A1/en unknown
- 2013-08-09 CN CN201380043424.XA patent/CN104583358A/en active Pending
- 2013-08-09 WO PCT/EP2013/066680 patent/WO2014026915A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-08-09 EP EP13750862.8A patent/EP2885369A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-08-09 AU AU2013304154A patent/AU2013304154A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2015
- 2015-02-02 IL IL237047A patent/IL237047A0/en unknown
- 2015-02-17 CL CL2015000387A patent/CL2015000387A1/en unknown
- 2015-03-16 ZA ZA2015/01768A patent/ZA201501768B/en unknown
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| US2375761A (en) * | 1944-10-18 | 1945-05-15 | Houdry Process Corp | Treatment of alkali metal salts |
| US7588694B1 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2009-09-15 | Sandia Corporation | Low-melting point inorganic nitrate salt heat transfer fluid |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105400498A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-16 | 百吉瑞（天津）新能源有限公司 | Mixed molten salt heat transfer and storage working medium and application thereof |
| CN108003845A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-08 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | A kind of ternary nitric acid fused salt and preparation method thereof |
| CN108003845B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-12-04 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Ternary molten nitrate salt and preparation method thereof |
| CN113292969A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-24 | 北京工业大学 | Medium-high temperature mixed molten salt heat storage system with high latent heat and preparation method |
| CN113292969B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-03-15 | 北京工业大学 | Medium-high temperature mixed molten salt heat storage system with high latent heat and preparation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2885369A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
| ZA201501768B (en) | 2019-04-24 |
| WO2014026915A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
| AU2013304154A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
| CL2015000387A1 (en) | 2015-05-04 |
| IL237047A0 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
| AU2013304154A8 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
| MA37935A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 |
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