WO2014024569A1 - Contact member and electric motor - Google Patents

Contact member and electric motor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014024569A1
WO2014024569A1 PCT/JP2013/066738 JP2013066738W WO2014024569A1 WO 2014024569 A1 WO2014024569 A1 WO 2014024569A1 JP 2013066738 W JP2013066738 W JP 2013066738W WO 2014024569 A1 WO2014024569 A1 WO 2014024569A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact member
contact
commutator
brush
base material
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PCT/JP2013/066738
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
紘敬 三輪
南部　俊和
義貴 上原
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日産自動車株式会社
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Application filed by 日産自動車株式会社 filed Critical 日産自動車株式会社
Priority to JP2014529342A priority Critical patent/JP5790885B2/en
Publication of WO2014024569A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014024569A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0233—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing carbides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/04—Co-operating contacts of different material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/20—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/26—Solid sliding contacts, e.g. carbon brush

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a contact member and a motor.
  • JP 2002-25346 A discloses a conductive member whose surface is coated with conductive diamond-like carbon to improve the strength.
  • the conductive member is less likely to be abraded, so that there is a possibility that the conformability between the members is poor and the contact area between the members remains small.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to improve the conformability of a contact member to another contact member.
  • a contact member slidably in contact with another contact member.
  • the contact member includes a base material containing conductive hard carbon, and a layered material formed on the surface of the base material and in sliding contact with the other contact members and having a lower hardness than the base material. .
  • FIG. 1 shows a motor suitable for using the contact member according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of a portion IIA of FIG.
  • FIG. 2B is a view showing a state in which the contact member and another contact member are in contact with each other after an operation time has elapsed from the state of FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the thickness of the layered material of the contact member.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a contact element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of a contact element according to the invention.
  • the motor 1 is a direct current motor.
  • the electric motor 1 has an electric motor function of generating mechanical power when supplied with electric energy, and has a generator function of generating electric energy with supplied mechanical energy.
  • the motor 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a case 10 and a rotor 20.
  • the case 10 is substantially cylindrical. A pair of bearings 11 are coaxially fitted on both end faces 10 a of the case 10. A magnet 12 is provided on the inner wall surface 10 b of the case 10. Further, the case 10 is provided with a plurality of brushes 14 as contact members via the elastic body 13.
  • the rotor 20 includes a rotor shaft 21, a rotor core 22, and a commutator 23 as another contact member.
  • the rotor shaft 21 is a rotating shaft of the rotor 20.
  • the rotor core 22 is provided around the rotor shaft 21.
  • the rotor core 22 is formed by laminating a large number of electromagnetic steel plates in the axial direction of the rotor shaft. Further, a coil 22 a is formed on the rotor core 22.
  • the commutator 23 is fixed to the rotor shaft 21.
  • the brush 14 is pressed by the elastic body 13 to the commutator 23.
  • the brush 14 is in sliding contact with the commutator 23 and is energized.
  • the brush 14 is provided with the base material 14a containing electroconductive hard carbon, and the layered material 14b which is formed in the surface of the base material 14a, and is in sliding contact with the commutator 23, as shown to FIG. 2A.
  • the base 14a is formed of a material containing conductive diamond as conductive hard carbon.
  • the conductive diamond is a diamond semiconductor doped with an impurity (such as boron B).
  • the substrate 14a is formed by a powder deposition method in which a powder material consisting of particles of conductive diamond and particles of impurities is deposited by spraying with helium gas.
  • a powder deposition method in which a powder material consisting of particles of conductive diamond and particles of impurities is deposited by spraying with helium gas.
  • the substrate 14a can be easily and inexpensively manufactured.
  • the base material 14a is manufactured also by plating method, sintering method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD) or the like. It is possible.
  • the substrate 14a is formed to have high hardness and high elasticity by containing conductive diamond.
  • the base material 14a is hard to wear, so it was difficult to apply processing for improving the conformability in advance. Therefore, in the brush 14, the layer material 14b is coated on the surface of the base material 14a.
  • the layered material 14 b is formed to have low hardness as compared to the base material 14 a.
  • the layered material 14b is formed of a material containing conductive diamond, as with the base 14a.
  • the layer material 14 b which is formed to have low hardness and is likely to be worn is brought into sliding contact with the commutator 23 to wear the brush 14 and the commutator 23.
  • the familiarity between is improved.
  • the brush 14 can ensure good wear resistance because the base 14 a contains conductive diamond of high hardness. Therefore, the motor 1 having excellent maintainability (maintenance free) can be obtained.
  • the layered material 14 b is formed to have low elasticity as compared to the base material 14 a. That is, the layered material 14b is easily elastically deformed as compared with the base material 14a. Therefore, as compared with the case where the base material 14 a is in direct sliding contact, the conformability is improved by the amount that the layered material 14 b is easily elastically deformed when the brush 14 is in sliding contact with the commutator 23.
  • the layered material 14 b is formed to have a lower specific resistance than the base material 14 a.
  • the specific resistance is the magnitude of the electrical resistance per unit volume. This prevents the layered material 14 b from blocking the flow of electricity between the base 14 a and the commutator 23.
  • the layered material 14b is formed by the powder deposition method in the same manner as the base material 14a, but the density of the conductive diamond is lower than that of the base material 14a by adjusting the ratio of the conductive diamond and the impurities. Formed as.
  • the layered material 14b can be formed so as to have low hardness, low elasticity, and low specific resistance as compared to the base material 14a.
  • the thickness t of the layered material 14b is formed to be equal to or greater than the maximum depth Ry of the unevenness on the surface of the base material 14a. Even if the layered material 14b is worn due to the sliding contact between the brush 14 and the commutator 23, the wear of the layered material 14b will stop when the base material 14a is exposed. At this time, if the thickness t of the layered material 14 b is formed to be equal to or greater than the maximum depth Ry of the unevenness on the surface of the base material 14 a, the noncontact portion is exposed between the layered material 14 b and the commutator 23 There is nothing to do. Therefore, the brush 14 and the commutator 23 come in full contact with each other, and the conformability is improved.
  • the layered material 14b which is low hardness compared with the base material 14a is formed in the surface of the base material 14a. Therefore, as compared with the case where the base material 14a is in direct sliding contact with the commutator 23, the brush 14 and the commutator 23 are formed by the layer material 14b which is formed to have low hardness and is easily worn away by sliding contact with the commutator 23. The familiarity between is improved.
  • the layered material 14 b is formed of a material containing conductive diamond.
  • the layered material 214b covers the surface of the substrate 14a with conductive diamond like carbon (Diamond Like Carbon: hereinafter referred to as "conductive DLC"). It is formed by
  • the conductive DLC forming the layered material 214 b is an amorphous (amorphous) structure in which a diamond structure (SP3 crystal structure) and a graphite structure (SP2 crystal structure) are mixed.
  • the conductive DLC has a low hardness as compared to the base 14 a containing conductive diamond.
  • the layered material 214 b which is formed to have low hardness and is easily worn is brought into sliding contact with the commutator 23 and worn. Therefore, the conformability between the brush 214 and the commutator 23 is improved as compared with the case where the base material 14 a is in sliding contact with the commutator 23 directly.
  • the coefficient of friction of conductive DLC is higher than that of conductive diamond but lower than that of metal materials and the like.
  • the drag loss between the brush 214 and the commutator 23 is reduced. Therefore, the energy efficiency of the motor 1 is improved and the wear resistance is improved.
  • the brush 314 is formed by covering the surface of the substrate 14a with a layer material 314b formed of a metal material. It is different from the form.
  • the layered material 314 b is a metal material containing at least one of copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium, zinc, cobalt, gold, and silver. Each of these metal materials is a metal material having a low hardness as compared to the substrate 14a containing conductive diamond.
  • the layered material 314 b which is formed to have low hardness and is easily worn is brought into sliding contact with the commutator 23 and worn as in the embodiment described above. Therefore, the conformability between the brush 314 and the commutator 23 is improved as compared with the case where the base material 14 a is in sliding contact with the commutator 23 directly.
  • the above-mentioned metal material has a low specific resistance and low elasticity as compared with conductive diamond and conductive diamond-like carbon. Therefore, the energy efficiency of the motor 1 is further improved, and the compatibility between the brush 314 and the commutator 23 is further improved.
  • the structure of the contact member of the present invention is applied to the brushes 14, 214, 314 of the motor 1 in the above embodiment, the structure of the contact member of the present invention is not limited thereto, and is applied to the commutator 23 of the motor 1. You may In this case, the brushes 14, 214, 314 become other contact members.
  • the electric contact of the motor was raised and demonstrated in the said embodiment, it is not restricted to this.
  • the present invention is applicable to various electrical contacts for conducting electricity while in sliding contact with a mating member, such as pantographs and movable contacts of switches.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

A contact member that makes sliding contact with another contact member, thereby conducting current. This contact member is equipped with: a base material containing conductive hard carbon; and a layered material that is formed on the surface of the base material and makes sliding contact with the other contact member, and that has a lower degree of hardness than the base material.

Description

接点部材及び電動機Contact member and motor
　本発明は、接点部材及び電動機に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a contact member and a motor.
　従来から、電動機（電気モーター／ジェネレーター）やパンタグラフには、他の接点部材に対して加圧された状態で摺接する接点部材が用いられる。ＪＰ２００２－２５３４６Ａには、表面が導電性ダイヤモンドライクカーボンによって被覆されて強度が向上された導電部材が開示されている。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, contact members in sliding contact with other contact members are used for electric motors (electric motors / generators) and pantographs. JP 2002-25346 A discloses a conductive member whose surface is coated with conductive diamond-like carbon to improve the strength.
　しかしながら、導電部材の表面の強度を向上すると、導電部材が摩耗しにくくなるため、部材間のなじみ性が悪く、部材間の接触面積が小さいままであるという可能性があった。 However, when the strength of the surface of the conductive member is improved, the conductive member is less likely to be abraded, so that there is a possibility that the conformability between the members is poor and the contact area between the members remains small.
　本発明は、上記の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、接点部材の他の接点部材に対するなじみ性を向上させることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to improve the conformability of a contact member to another contact member.
　本発明のある態様によれば、他の接点部材に摺接して通電する接点部材が提供される。この接点部材は、導電性硬質炭素を含む基材と、前記基材の表面に形成されて前記他の接点部材と摺接し、前記基材と比較して低硬度である層状材と、を備える。 According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a contact member slidably in contact with another contact member. The contact member includes a base material containing conductive hard carbon, and a layered material formed on the surface of the base material and in sliding contact with the other contact members and having a lower hardness than the base material. .
　本発明の実施形態、本発明の利点については、添付された図面を参照しながら以下に詳細に説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
図１は、本発明による接点部材を用いるのに好適な電動機を示す図である。FIG. 1 shows a motor suitable for using the contact member according to the invention. 図２Ａは、図１のＩＩＡ部の拡大図である。FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of a portion IIA of FIG. 図２Ｂは、図２Ａの状態から運転時間が経過して接点部材と他の接点部材とがなじんだ状態を示す図である。FIG. 2B is a view showing a state in which the contact member and another contact member are in contact with each other after an operation time has elapsed from the state of FIG. 2A. 図３は、接点部材の層状材の厚さについて説明する図である。FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the thickness of the layered material of the contact member. 図４は、本発明による接点部材の第二の実施の形態を示す図である。FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a contact element according to the invention. 図５は、本発明による接点部材の第三の実施の形態を示す図である。FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of a contact element according to the invention.
　（第一の実施の形態）
　以下、図１から図３を参照して、本発明の第一の実施の形態に係る接点部材について説明する。 (First embodiment)
Hereinafter, the contact member according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
　まず、図１を参照して、接点部材を用いるのに好適な電動機１について説明する。 First, a motor 1 suitable for using a contact member will be described with reference to FIG.
　電動機１は、直流電動機である。電動機１は、電気的エネルギーが供給されれば機械的動力を発生する電気モーター機能を有するとともに、機械的エネルギーが供給されれば電気的エネルギーを発生するジェネレーター機能を有するものである。 The motor 1 is a direct current motor. The electric motor 1 has an electric motor function of generating mechanical power when supplied with electric energy, and has a generator function of generating electric energy with supplied mechanical energy.
　図１に示される電動機１は、ケース１０と、ローター２０と、を含む。 The motor 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a case 10 and a rotor 20.
　ケース１０は、略円筒形である。ケース１０の両端面１０ａには、一対のベアリング１１が同軸に嵌合される。ケース１０の内壁面１０ｂには、マグネット１２が設けられる。またケース１０には、弾性体１３を介して接点部材としての複数のブラシ１４が設けられる。 The case 10 is substantially cylindrical. A pair of bearings 11 are coaxially fitted on both end faces 10 a of the case 10. A magnet 12 is provided on the inner wall surface 10 b of the case 10. Further, the case 10 is provided with a plurality of brushes 14 as contact members via the elastic body 13.
　ローター２０は、ローターシャフト２１と、ローターコア２２と、他の接点部材としてのコミュテーター２３と、を含む。 The rotor 20 includes a rotor shaft 21, a rotor core 22, and a commutator 23 as another contact member.
　ローターシャフト２１は、ローター２０の回転軸である。 The rotor shaft 21 is a rotating shaft of the rotor 20.
　ローターコア２２は、ローターシャフト２１の周囲に設けられる。ローターコア２２は、多数の電磁鋼板がローターシャフトの軸方向に積層されて形成される。またローターコア２２には、コイル２２ａが形成される。 The rotor core 22 is provided around the rotor shaft 21. The rotor core 22 is formed by laminating a large number of electromagnetic steel plates in the axial direction of the rotor shaft. Further, a coil 22 a is formed on the rotor core 22.
　コミュテーター２３は、ローターシャフト２１に固設される。このコミュテーター２３に、ブラシ１４が弾性体１３によって押圧される。 The commutator 23 is fixed to the rotor shaft 21. The brush 14 is pressed by the elastic body 13 to the commutator 23.
　次に、図２Ａから図３を参照して、ブラシ１４について説明する。 Next, the brush 14 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2A to 3.
　ブラシ１４は、コミュテーター２３に摺接して通電するものである。ブラシ１４は、図２Ａに示すように、導電性硬質炭素を含む基材１４ａと、基材１４ａの表面に形成されてコミュテーター２３と摺接する層状材１４ｂとを備える。 The brush 14 is in sliding contact with the commutator 23 and is energized. The brush 14 is provided with the base material 14a containing electroconductive hard carbon, and the layered material 14b which is formed in the surface of the base material 14a, and is in sliding contact with the commutator 23, as shown to FIG. 2A.
　基材１４ａは、導電性硬質炭素として導電性ダイヤモンドを含んだ材料で形成される。ここで導電性ダイヤモンドとは、不純物(ボロンＢなど)がドーピングされたダイヤモンド半導体である。 The base 14a is formed of a material containing conductive diamond as conductive hard carbon. Here, the conductive diamond is a diamond semiconductor doped with an impurity (such as boron B).
　基材１４ａは、導電性ダイヤモンドの粒子と不純物の粒子とからなる粉末素材をヘリウムガスとともに噴射して堆積させるパウダーデポジション法によって形成される。このようなパウダーデポジション法を利用することで、容易かつ安価に基材１４ａを製造することができる。このパウダーデポジション法に代えて、メッキ法，焼結法，化学気相成長法(Chemical Vapor Deposition；ＣＶＤ)，物理気相成長法(Physical Vapor Deposition；ＰＶＤ)などによっても、基材１４ａを製造可能である。 The substrate 14a is formed by a powder deposition method in which a powder material consisting of particles of conductive diamond and particles of impurities is deposited by spraying with helium gas. By using such a powder deposition method, the substrate 14a can be easily and inexpensively manufactured. Instead of the powder deposition method, the base material 14a is manufactured also by plating method, sintering method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD) or the like. It is possible.
　基材１４ａは、導電性ダイヤモンドを含むことで、高硬度かつ高弾性に形成される。基材１４ａは、摩耗しにくいため、なじみ性向上のための加工を事前に施すことは困難であった。そこで、ブラシ１４では、基材１４ａの表面に層状材１４ｂを被覆することとした。 The substrate 14a is formed to have high hardness and high elasticity by containing conductive diamond. The base material 14a is hard to wear, so it was difficult to apply processing for improving the conformability in advance. Therefore, in the brush 14, the layer material 14b is coated on the surface of the base material 14a.
　層状材１４ｂは、基材１４ａと比較して低硬度となるように形成される。層状材１４ｂは、基材１４ａと同様に、導電性ダイヤモンドを含んだ材料によって形成される。 The layered material 14 b is formed to have low hardness as compared to the base material 14 a. The layered material 14b is formed of a material containing conductive diamond, as with the base 14a.
　図２Ａに示す状態から電動機１を運転し、ローターシャフト２１が回転して、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３とが摺動すると、図２Ｂに示すように、ブラシ１４の層状材１４ｂが摩耗してゆく。このように、経時的には、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３とがなじんで、両者の接触面積が増加する。 When the motor 1 is operated from the state shown in FIG. 2A and the rotor shaft 21 rotates and the brush 14 and the commutator 23 slide, as shown in FIG. 2B, the layered material 14b of the brush 14 is worn away . Thus, over time, the brush 14 and the commutator 23 become familiar, and the contact area between the two increases.
　したがって、基材１４ａが直接コミュテーター２３に摺接する場合と比較すると、低硬度に形成されて摩耗しやすい層状材１４ｂがコミュテーター２３と摺接して摩耗することで、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３との間のなじみ性が向上する。 Therefore, as compared with the case where the base material 14 a is in direct sliding contact with the commutator 23, the layer material 14 b which is formed to have low hardness and is likely to be worn is brought into sliding contact with the commutator 23 to wear the brush 14 and the commutator 23. The familiarity between is improved.
　その後、更に電動機１の運転時間が経過しても、ブラシ１４は、基材１４ａに高硬度の導電性ダイヤモンドが含まれるため、良好な耐摩耗性を確保することができる。よって、メンテナンス性に優れる（メンテナンスフリーな）電動機１を得ることができる。 After that, even if the operation time of the motor 1 has passed, the brush 14 can ensure good wear resistance because the base 14 a contains conductive diamond of high hardness. Therefore, the motor 1 having excellent maintainability (maintenance free) can be obtained.
　また、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３との間のなじみ性が向上すると、両者の接触面積が増加するため、電動機１のエネルギー効率が良好になる。また、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３との間を流れる電流が局所的に集中することが避けられるため、発熱によって耐摩耗性が低下することを防止できる。 Further, when the conformability between the brush 14 and the commutator 23 is improved, the contact area between the both increases, so that the energy efficiency of the motor 1 becomes good. In addition, since local concentration of the current flowing between the brush 14 and the commutator 23 can be avoided, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the wear resistance due to heat generation.
　層状材１４ｂは、基材１４ａと比較して低弾性となるように形成される。つまり、層状材１４ｂは、基材１４ａと比較して弾性変形しやすい。よって、基材１４ａが直接摺接する場合と比較すると、ブラシ１４がコミュテーター２３と摺接する際に、層状材１４ｂが弾性変形しやすい分だけなじみ性が向上する。 The layered material 14 b is formed to have low elasticity as compared to the base material 14 a. That is, the layered material 14b is easily elastically deformed as compared with the base material 14a. Therefore, as compared with the case where the base material 14 a is in direct sliding contact, the conformability is improved by the amount that the layered material 14 b is easily elastically deformed when the brush 14 is in sliding contact with the commutator 23.
　層状材１４ｂは、基材１４ａと比較して比抵抗が小さくなるように形成される。比抵抗とは、単位体積あたりの電気抵抗の大きさである。これにより、基材１４ａとコミュテーター２３との間の電気の流れを層状材１４ｂが妨げることが防止される。 The layered material 14 b is formed to have a lower specific resistance than the base material 14 a. The specific resistance is the magnitude of the electrical resistance per unit volume. This prevents the layered material 14 b from blocking the flow of electricity between the base 14 a and the commutator 23.
　層状材１４ｂは、基材１４ａと同様にパウダーデポジション法によって形成されるが、導電性ダイヤモンドと不純物との割合を調整することで、基材１４ａと比較して導電性ダイヤモンドの密度が低くなるように形成される。これにより、基材１４ａと比較して低硬度，低弾性，かつ比抵抗が小さくなるように層状材１４ｂを形成することができる。 The layered material 14b is formed by the powder deposition method in the same manner as the base material 14a, but the density of the conductive diamond is lower than that of the base material 14a by adjusting the ratio of the conductive diamond and the impurities. Formed as. Thus, the layered material 14b can be formed so as to have low hardness, low elasticity, and low specific resistance as compared to the base material 14a.
　また、図３に示すように、層状材１４ｂの厚さｔは、基材１４ａの表面における凹凸の最大深さＲｙ以上となるように形成される。ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３との摺接によって層状材１４ｂが摩耗しても、層状材１４ｂの摩耗は、基材１４ａが露出したところで止まることとなる。このとき層状材１４ｂの厚さｔを、基材１４ａの表面における凹凸の最大深さＲｙ以上となるように形成しておけば、層状材１４ｂとコミュテーター２３との間に非接触部位が露出することはない。よって、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３とが全面接触することとなり、なじみ性が向上する。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the thickness t of the layered material 14b is formed to be equal to or greater than the maximum depth Ry of the unevenness on the surface of the base material 14a. Even if the layered material 14b is worn due to the sliding contact between the brush 14 and the commutator 23, the wear of the layered material 14b will stop when the base material 14a is exposed. At this time, if the thickness t of the layered material 14 b is formed to be equal to or greater than the maximum depth Ry of the unevenness on the surface of the base material 14 a, the noncontact portion is exposed between the layered material 14 b and the commutator 23 There is nothing to do. Therefore, the brush 14 and the commutator 23 come in full contact with each other, and the conformability is improved.
　以上の実施の形態によれば、以下に示す効果を奏する。 According to the above embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
　基材１４ａの表面に基材１４ａと比較して低硬度である層状材１４ｂが形成される。よって、基材１４ａが直接コミュテーター２３に摺接する場合と比較すると、低硬度に形成されて摩耗しやすい層状材１４ｂがコミュテーター２３と摺接して摩耗することで、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３との間のなじみ性が向上する。 The layered material 14b which is low hardness compared with the base material 14a is formed in the surface of the base material 14a. Therefore, as compared with the case where the base material 14a is in direct sliding contact with the commutator 23, the brush 14 and the commutator 23 are formed by the layer material 14b which is formed to have low hardness and is easily worn away by sliding contact with the commutator 23. The familiarity between is improved.
　また、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３との間のなじみ性が向上すると、両者の接触面積が増加するため、電動機１のエネルギー効率が良好になる。また、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３との間を流れる電流が局所的に集中することが避けられるため、発熱によって耐摩耗性が低下することを防止できる。 Further, when the conformability between the brush 14 and the commutator 23 is improved, the contact area between the both increases, so that the energy efficiency of the motor 1 becomes good. In addition, since local concentration of the current flowing between the brush 14 and the commutator 23 can be avoided, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the wear resistance due to heat generation.
　（第二の実施の形態）
　以下、図４を参照して、本発明の第二の実施の形態に係る接点部材としてのブラシ２１４について説明する。なお、以下に示す各実施の形態では、前述した第一の実施の形態と同様の構成には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は適宜省略する。 Second Embodiment
The brush 214 as a contact member according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In each embodiment shown below, the same numerals are given to the same composition as a first embodiment mentioned above, and the overlapping explanation is omitted suitably.
　上述した第一の実施の形態のブラシ１４では、層状材１４ｂが導電性ダイヤモンドを含んだ材料で形成された。これに対して、第二の実施の形態のブラシ２１４では、層状材２１４ｂは、基材１４ａの表面に導電性ダイヤモンドライクカーボン（Diamond Like Carbon：以下、「導電性ＤＬＣ」と称する。）を被覆することによって形成される。 In the brush 14 of the first embodiment described above, the layered material 14 b is formed of a material containing conductive diamond. On the other hand, in the brush 214 of the second embodiment, the layered material 214b covers the surface of the substrate 14a with conductive diamond like carbon (Diamond Like Carbon: hereinafter referred to as "conductive DLC"). It is formed by
　層状材２１４ｂを形成する導電性ＤＬＣは、ダイヤモンド構造(ＳＰ３結晶構造)とグラファイト構造(ＳＰ２結晶構造)とが混在したアモルファス(非晶質)構造である。この導電性ＤＬＣは、導電性ダイヤモンドが含まれる基材１４ａと比較して低硬度である。 The conductive DLC forming the layered material 214 b is an amorphous (amorphous) structure in which a diamond structure (SP3 crystal structure) and a graphite structure (SP2 crystal structure) are mixed. The conductive DLC has a low hardness as compared to the base 14 a containing conductive diamond.
　よって、第一の実施の形態と同様に、低硬度に形成されて摩耗しやすい層状材２１４ｂがコミュテーター２３と摺接して摩耗する。したがって、基材１４ａが直接コミュテーター２３に摺接する場合と比較すると、ブラシ２１４とコミュテーター２３との間のなじみ性が向上する。 Therefore, as in the first embodiment, the layered material 214 b which is formed to have low hardness and is easily worn is brought into sliding contact with the commutator 23 and worn. Therefore, the conformability between the brush 214 and the commutator 23 is improved as compared with the case where the base material 14 a is in sliding contact with the commutator 23 directly.
　また、ブラシ２１４とコミュテーター２３との間のなじみ性が向上すると、両者の接触面積が増加するため、電動機１のエネルギー効率が良好になる。また、ブラシ２１４とコミュテーター２３との間を流れる電流が局所的に集中することが避けられるため、発熱によって耐摩耗性が低下することを防止できる。 In addition, when the conformability between the brush 214 and the commutator 23 is improved, the contact area between the two increases, so that the energy efficiency of the motor 1 is improved. In addition, since local concentration of the current flowing between the brush 214 and the commutator 23 can be avoided, it is possible to prevent the decrease in wear resistance due to heat generation.
　また、導電性ＤＬＣの摩擦係数は、導電性ダイヤモンドと比較すると高いが、金属材料等と比較すると低い。よって、ブラシ２１４とコミュテーター２３との間の引きずり損失が低減する。したがって、電動機１のエネルギー効率が良好となるとともに、耐摩耗性が向上する。 In addition, the coefficient of friction of conductive DLC is higher than that of conductive diamond but lower than that of metal materials and the like. Thus, the drag loss between the brush 214 and the commutator 23 is reduced. Therefore, the energy efficiency of the motor 1 is improved and the wear resistance is improved.
　（第三の実施の形態）
　以下、図５を参照して、本発明の第三の実施の形態に係る接点部材としてのブラシ３１４について説明する。 Third Embodiment
The brush 314 as the contact member according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
　第三の実施の形態は、図５に示されるように、ブラシ３１４が、基材１４ａの表面に金属材料によって形成される層状材３１４ｂを被覆して形成される点で、これまでの実施の形態とは相違する。 In the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the brush 314 is formed by covering the surface of the substrate 14a with a layer material 314b formed of a metal material. It is different from the form.
　層状材３１４ｂは、銅，アルミニウム，ニッケル，チタン，亜鉛，コバルト，金，及び銀のうち少なくともいずれか一つを含む金属材料である。これらの金属材料は、いずれも、導電性ダイヤモンドが含まれる基材１４ａと比較して低硬度な金属材料である。 The layered material 314 b is a metal material containing at least one of copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium, zinc, cobalt, gold, and silver. Each of these metal materials is a metal material having a low hardness as compared to the substrate 14a containing conductive diamond.
　よって、上述した実施の形態と同様に、低硬度に形成されて摩耗しやすい層状材３１４ｂがコミュテーター２３と摺接して摩耗する。したがって、基材１４ａが直接コミュテーター２３に摺接する場合と比較すると、ブラシ３１４とコミュテーター２３との間のなじみ性が向上する。 Therefore, the layered material 314 b which is formed to have low hardness and is easily worn is brought into sliding contact with the commutator 23 and worn as in the embodiment described above. Therefore, the conformability between the brush 314 and the commutator 23 is improved as compared with the case where the base material 14 a is in sliding contact with the commutator 23 directly.
　また、ブラシ３１４とコミュテーター２３との間のなじみ性が向上すると、両者の接触面積が増加するため、電動機１のエネルギー効率が良好になる。また、ブラシ３１４とコミュテーター２３との間を流れる電流が局所的に集中することが避けられるため、発熱によって耐摩耗性が低下することを防止できる。 In addition, when the conformability between the brush 314 and the commutator 23 is improved, the contact area between the both increases, so that the energy efficiency of the motor 1 is improved. In addition, since local concentration of the current flowing between the brush 314 and the commutator 23 can be avoided, it is possible to prevent the decrease in the abrasion resistance due to heat generation.
　また、上記の金属材料は、導電性ダイヤモンドや導電性ダイヤモンドライクカーボンと比較して比抵抗が小さく、かつ低弾性である。したがって、電動機１のエネルギー効率が更に良好となるとともに、ブラシ３１４とコミュテーター２３とのなじみ性が更に向上する。 In addition, the above-mentioned metal material has a low specific resistance and low elasticity as compared with conductive diamond and conductive diamond-like carbon. Therefore, the energy efficiency of the motor 1 is further improved, and the compatibility between the brush 314 and the commutator 23 is further improved.
　以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、上記実施形態は本発明の適用例の一部を示したに過ぎず、本発明の技術的範囲を上記実施形態の具体的構成に限定する趣旨ではない。 As mentioned above, although the embodiment of the present invention was described, the above-mentioned embodiment showed only a part of application example of the present invention, and in the meaning of limiting the technical scope of the present invention to the concrete composition of the above-mentioned embodiment. Absent.
　例えば、上記実施形態では、本発明の接点部材の構造を電動機１のブラシ１４，２１４，３１４に適用したが、これに限らず、本発明の接点部材の構造を電動機１のコミュテーター２３に適用してもよい。この場合、ブラシ１４，２１４，３１４が他の接点部材となる。 For example, although the structure of the contact member of the present invention is applied to the brushes 14, 214, 314 of the motor 1 in the above embodiment, the structure of the contact member of the present invention is not limited thereto, and is applied to the commutator 23 of the motor 1. You may In this case, the brushes 14, 214, 314 become other contact members.
　また上記実施形態では、電動機の電気接点を掲げて説明したが、これには限られない。たとえば、パンタグラフやスイッチ類の可動接点などのように、相手部材に対して相対的に摺動接触しながら通電をするための各種電気接点に適用可能である。 Moreover, although the electric contact of the motor was raised and demonstrated in the said embodiment, it is not restricted to this. For example, the present invention is applicable to various electrical contacts for conducting electricity while in sliding contact with a mating member, such as pantographs and movable contacts of switches.
　本願は、２０１２年８月８日に日本国特許庁に出願された特願２０１２－１７６０１３に基づく優先権を主張し、この出願の全ての内容は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。 The present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-176013 filed on Aug. 8, 2012, and the entire contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference.

Claims (9)

  1. 　他の接点部材に摺接して通電する接点部材であって、
    　導電性硬質炭素を含む基材と、
    　前記基材の表面に形成されて前記他の接点部材と摺接し、前記基材と比較して低硬度である層状材と、を備える接点部材。     It is a contact member which is in sliding contact with another contact member and is energized,
    A substrate comprising conductive hard carbon,
    A contact member comprising: a layered material formed on the surface of the substrate, in sliding contact with the other contact members, and having a hardness lower than that of the substrate.
  2. 　請求項１に記載の接点部材であって、
    　前記層状材は、前記基材と比較して低弾性である接点部材。     The contact member according to claim 1, wherein
    The contact member in which the layered material has low elasticity compared to the base material.
  3. 　請求項１又は２に記載の接点部材であって、
    　前記導電性硬質炭素は、導電性ダイヤモンドである接点部材。     A contact member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
    The contact member wherein the conductive hard carbon is a conductive diamond.
  4. 　請求項１から３のいずれか一つに記載の接点部材であって、
    　前記層状材は、前記基材の前記表面における凹凸の最大深さ以上の厚さに形成される接点部材。     A contact member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
    The layered member is a contact member formed with a thickness equal to or greater than the maximum depth of irregularities on the surface of the substrate.
  5. 　請求項１から４のいずれか一つに記載の接点部材であって、
    　前記層状材は、前記基材と比較して比抵抗が小さい接点部材。     The contact member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein
    The layered member is a contact member having a smaller specific resistance compared to the base material.
  6. 　請求項１から５のいずれか一つに記載の接点部材であって、
    　前記層状材は、導電性ダイヤモンドを含む接点部材。     The contact member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein
    The layered material is a contact member including a conductive diamond.
  7. 　請求項１から５のいずれか一つに記載の接点部材であって、
    　前記層状材は、導電性ダイヤモンドライクカーボンである接点部材。     The contact member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein
    The layered member is a conductive diamond like carbon contact member.
  8. 　請求項１から５のいずれか一つに記載の接点部材であって、
    　前記層状材は、銅，アルミニウム，ニッケル，チタン，亜鉛，コバルト，金，及び銀のうち少なくともいずれか一つを含む金属材料である接点部材。     The contact member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein
    The contact member is a metal material containing at least one of copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium, zinc, cobalt, gold and silver.
  9. 　請求項１から８のいずれか一つに記載の接点部材がブラシ又はコミュテーターに適用される電動機。 A motor in which the contact member according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is applied to a brush or a commutator.
PCT/JP2013/066738 2012-08-08 2013-06-18 Contact member and electric motor WO2014024569A1 (en)

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CN105702485A (en) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-22 西门子公司 contact unit for electromechanical switching device
CN109904994A (en) * 2017-12-07 2019-06-18 日本永磁有限公司 Petrolift DC motor and carbon brush
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JP2016100954A (en) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-30 日産自動車株式会社 Sliding contact member
CN105702485A (en) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-22 西门子公司 contact unit for electromechanical switching device
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CN111186303B (en) * 2020-01-14 2021-05-04 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 Intelligent copper mesh laying tool capable of automatically feeding and discharging for carbon slide plate

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