JP2015220924A - Slide contact mechanism, motor, and generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slide contact mechanism capable of reducing electrical wear amount by decreasing current density and to provide a motor and generator utilizing the same.SOLUTION: The slide contact mechanism 1 includes a brush 10 on either one of positive pole side or negative pole side and a commutator 20 coming into slide contact with the brush 10. The brush 10 and the commutator 20 are into contact with each other at a plurality of portions. The hardness of a face 10a opposing to the commutator of the brush 10 at the plurality of contact portions 'a' between the brush 10 and the commutator 20 is higher than that of a face 20a opposing to the brush 10 of the commutator 20.

Description

  The present invention relates to a sliding contact mechanism, an electric motor, and a generator. More specifically, the present invention relates to a sliding contact mechanism including a brush having a predetermined structure, and an electric motor and a generator to which the sliding contact mechanism is applied.

  Conventionally, a sliding contact mechanism using a brush feeding electrode exhibiting good wear resistance and oxidation resistance has been proposed. The sliding contact mechanism is composed of an elastic wire covered with conductive diamond-like carbon that is bundled in a brush shape and supported by a conductor, and a conductive boron-doped diamond film formed on the conductor. (See Patent Document 1).

JP 2002-025346 A

  However, the sliding contact mechanism described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that since the contact area is small, the current density in the conductive diamond increases and the amount of electrical wear increases.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art.
Then, an object of the present invention is to provide a sliding contact mechanism that can reduce the amount of electrical wear by reducing the current density, and an electric motor and a generator to which the sliding contact mechanism is applied.

  The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies in order to achieve the above object. As a result, in the sliding contact mechanism including either the positive electrode side brush or the negative electrode side brush and the commutator that is in sliding contact with the brush, the brush and the commutator come into contact with each other at a plurality of locations. The present invention has been completed by finding that the above object can be achieved by adopting a configuration in which the hardness of the surface facing the commutator of the brush is higher than the hardness of the surface facing the brush of the commutator at a plurality of contact sites.

  That is, the sliding contact mechanism of the present invention includes either one of the positive electrode side or the negative electrode side brush and a commutator that is in sliding contact with the brush, and the brush and the commutator are in contact at a plurality of sites. The hardness of the surface facing the commutator of the brush is higher than the hardness of the surface facing the brush of the commutator.

  Moreover, the electric motor or generator of the present invention comprises the above-described sliding contact mechanism of the present invention.

According to the present invention, it is provided with either one of the brush on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side, and a commutator that is in sliding contact with the brush, the brush and the commutator are in contact at a plurality of sites, The hardness of the surface facing the commutator of the brush at the contact portion is higher than the hardness of the surface facing the brush of the commutator.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a sliding contact mechanism that can reduce the electric wear amount by reducing the current density, and an electric motor and a generator to which the sliding contact mechanism is applied.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a sliding contact mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a conventional sliding contact mechanism. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing a sliding contact mechanism according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing a sliding contact mechanism according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an electric motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, a sliding contact mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, an electric motor and a generator to which the sliding contact mechanism is applied will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the dimension ratio of drawing is exaggerated on account of description, and may differ from an actual ratio.

(First embodiment)
First, the sliding contact mechanism according to the first embodiment will be described in detail in comparison with a conventional sliding contact mechanism. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a sliding contact mechanism according to the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the sliding contact mechanism 1 of the present embodiment includes a brush 10 on either the positive electrode side or the negative electrode side, and a commutator 20 that is in sliding contact with the brush 10 (note that 20 in the figure is a part of the commutator in detail.)
In this embodiment, the brush 10 and the commutator 20 are in contact at a plurality of portions. In the figure, the parts in contact with each other are indicated with a symbol a.
Further, in the present embodiment, the hardness of the surface 10 a facing the commutator 20 of the brush 10 at the plurality of contact sites a between the brush 10 and the commutator 20 is higher than the hardness of the surface 20 a facing the brush 10 of the commutator 20. .
In addition, the arrow X in a figure has shown the sliding direction of the commutator.

On the other hand, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a conventional sliding contact mechanism. In addition, about the thing equivalent to what was demonstrated in said embodiment, the code | symbol same as them is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the conventional sliding contact mechanism 100, the brush 10 and the commutator 20 are in contact only at one place, that is, not in a plurality of locations.

  Thus, on the sliding contact surface in the sliding contact mechanism composed of the brush and the commutator, the brush has a hardness higher than that of the commutator, and the brush and the commutator are in contact with each other at a plurality of sites. A current density can be reduced and the amount of electrical wear can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to provide a sliding contact mechanism having a long life, and an electric motor and a generator to which the sliding contact mechanism is applied.

  Hereinafter, each configuration will be described in detail.

  The brush 10 is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure that contacts the commutator at a plurality of sites, and the hardness of the brush at the contact site is higher than the hardness of the commutator.

  Here, “contact with a plurality of parts” means having two or more contact parts by point contact, line contact, surface contact or the like. It should be noted that contact types such as point contact, line contact, and surface contact are not particularly limited. In addition, it means that at least one brush of the brush on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side contacts at a plurality of sites, for example, each of the brush on the positive electrode side and the brush on the negative electrode side normally contacts at one place, It does not mean the case where they are in contact at two places as a whole.

  As a material constituting the brush 10, for example, conductive diamond, conductive diamond-like carbon, and the like can be cited as preferable examples from the viewpoints of reducing a friction coefficient by energization sliding and improving wear resistance. These may be applied singly or in combination of two or more. Here, as the conductive diamond, conventionally known ones such as boron-doped diamond can be applied. In addition, examples of conductive diamond-like carbon include ta-C structure diamond-like carbon (so-called hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon), aC: H structure-like diamond-like carbon (so-called hydrogen-containing diamond-like carbon), and metal element doping. Conventionally known materials such as diamond-like carbon can be applied. Among these, conductive diamond is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of high heat dissipation.

  In addition to these, in addition to conductive diamond and conductive diamond-like carbon, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), silicon (Si), boron (B), iron Examples thereof include (Fe), titanium (Ti), and the like. These may be applied singly or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of bulking conductive diamond or conductive diamond-like carbon or reducing the overall electrical resistance, it is preferable to include a material or catalyst that easily reacts with carbon or a conductive additive. If the electrical resistance as a whole can be reduced, for example, the efficiency of an electric motor or a generator can be further improved. In addition, as a suitable example of the material or catalyst component which is easy to react with carbon, cobalt (Co), silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), boron (B), etc. can be mentioned. These catalyst components are necessary components for obtaining a granulated body or a sintered body using conductive diamond particles. Moreover, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) etc. can be mentioned as a suitable example of a conductive support agent.

Further, the brush 10 is not limited to those constituting the brush 10, and a conductive ceramic can be applied instead of or in addition to the conductive diamond or the conductive diamond-like carbon. Examples of the conductive ceramic include silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten carbide (WC), molybdenum carbide (Mo ₂ C), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), niobium carbide (NbC), and vanadium carbide (VC). ) And zirconium carbide (ZrC). These may be applied singly or in combination of two or more.

  The commutator 20 is not particularly limited as long as the commutator hardness at the contact portion is lower than the hardness of the brush.

  As what constitutes the commutator 20, for example, a conventionally known conductive member applied to a commutator such as a metal material such as copper or a copper alloy can be appropriately used.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, the sliding contact mechanism according to the second embodiment will be described in detail. In addition, about the thing equivalent to what was demonstrated in said embodiment, the code | symbol same as them is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing a sliding contact mechanism according to the second embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, the sliding contact mechanism 1 </ b> A according to the present embodiment includes a base 11 having a brush 10 having a V shape in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the commutator 20 and a surface portion formed on the surface thereof. 12, the surface portion 12 of the brush 10 and the commutator 20 are in contact at a plurality of portions, and the commutator of the surface portion 12 at a plurality of contact portions a between the surface portion 12 of the brush 10 and the commutator 20. The configuration in which the hardness of the surface 12a facing the surface 20a is higher than the hardness of the surface 20a facing the surface portion 12 of the commutator 20 is different from the sliding contact mechanism according to the first embodiment.

  In this way, even if the brush is composed of a base portion and a surface portion, the hardness of the surface portion is higher than the hardness of the commutator on the surface where the surface portion and the commutator are in sliding contact, and the surface portion and the commutator are By adopting a configuration in which contact is made at a plurality of sites, the current density can be reduced and the amount of electrical wear can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to provide a sliding contact mechanism having a long life, and an electric motor and a generator to which the sliding contact mechanism is applied.

  The base 11 is not particularly limited. For example, a conventionally known conductive member applied to a brush such as a metal material such as copper or a copper alloy, a carbon material such as carbon, or the like can be appropriately used. .

  Further, as the surface portion 12, those constituting the brush described in the first embodiment can be appropriately used.

(Third embodiment)
Next, the sliding contact mechanism according to the third embodiment will be described in detail. In addition, about the thing equivalent to what was demonstrated in said embodiment, the code | symbol same as them is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing a sliding contact mechanism according to the third embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 4, the sliding contact mechanism 1 </ b> B of the present embodiment has a brush 10 in which a base 11 having a V shape in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the commutator 20 and a plurality of surfaces formed on the surface thereof. It is comprised from the surface part 12 (12A, 12B), the surface part 12 and the commutator 20 of the brush 10 are contacting in several site | parts, and a plurality of surface parts 12A, 12B of the brush 10 and the commutator 20 are provided. The configuration in which the hardness of the surface 12a facing the commutator 20 of the surface portions 12A and 12B in the contact part a is higher than the hardness of the surface 20a facing the surface portion 12 of the commutator 20 is the sliding according to the first embodiment. It is different from the contact mechanism.

  In this way, even if the brush is composed of a base portion and a plurality of surface portions, the surface portion has a surface hardness higher than the commutator hardness on the surface where the surface portion and the commutator are in sliding contact, and the surface portion and the commutator. By making it the structure which contacts with several site | parts, a current density can be reduced and the amount of electrical wear can be decreased. Therefore, it is possible to provide a sliding contact mechanism having a long life, and an electric motor and a generator to which the sliding contact mechanism is applied.

  The brushes shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 can be formed by a cold spray method such as a powder deposition method, a sintering method, a CVD method, or the like. In particular, according to the powder deposition method, it can be formed more easily.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, the electric motor according to the fourth embodiment will be described in detail.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for explaining an electric motor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, specifically, a DC electric motor (DC motor).
As shown in FIG. 5, the DC motor M includes an armature 53 that is rotatably held by a bearing 52 inside the motor case 51 and a magnet 55 that opposes the coil 54 of the armature 53. A plurality of brushes 56 are provided on the motor case 51 side. Each brush 56 is energized while being in sliding contact with a commutator 57 provided coaxially with the armature 53. Note that the DC generator has the same configuration.

  The sliding contact mechanism described in each of the above embodiments constitutes a brush 56 and a commutator 57 in the DC motor shown in FIG. Thereby, the lifetime improvement and performance improvement of the component of a DC motor are realizable.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated by some embodiment, this invention is not limited to these, A various deformation | transformation is possible within the range of the summary of this invention.

  The configuration described in each embodiment described above is not limited to each embodiment. For example, the details of the configuration of a brush or a commutator are changed, or the configuration of each embodiment is a combination other than each embodiment described above. Can be.

  Moreover, in each form mentioned above, although the DC motor was illustrated as what uses a sliding contact member, it is not limited to this, It can also apply to a DC generator.

1, 1A, 1B, 100 Sliding contact mechanism 10 Brush 10a Surface 11 Base 12, 12A, 12B Surface 12a Surface 20 Commutator 20a Surface 51 Motor case 52 Bearing 53 Armature 54 Coil 55 Magnet 56 Brush 57 Commutator a Contact part M DC motor

Claims (7)

A brush on either the positive electrode side or the negative electrode side, and a commutator in sliding contact with the brush,
The brush and the commutator are in contact at a plurality of sites,
A sliding contact mechanism, wherein a hardness of a surface of the brush facing the commutator at a plurality of contact portions between the brush and the commutator is higher than a hardness of a surface of the commutator facing the brush.   The sliding contact mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the contact portion of the brush includes at least one of conductive diamond and conductive diamond-like carbon.   The sliding contact mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the contact portion of the brush includes at least one selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, cobalt, silicon, boron, iron, and titanium.   The sliding contact mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the contact portion of the brush includes a conductive ceramic.   The contact portion of the brush includes at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, molybdenum carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, niobium carbide, vanadium carbide, and zirconium carbide. 5. The sliding contact mechanism according to any one of 4 above.   An electric motor comprising the sliding contact mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 5.   The generator provided with the sliding contact mechanism as described in any one of Claims 1-5.

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