WO2014024153A1 - Appareil de combustion à récupération de chaleur, en particulier pour fours en céramique - Google Patents

Appareil de combustion à récupération de chaleur, en particulier pour fours en céramique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014024153A1
WO2014024153A1 PCT/IB2013/056470 IB2013056470W WO2014024153A1 WO 2014024153 A1 WO2014024153 A1 WO 2014024153A1 IB 2013056470 W IB2013056470 W IB 2013056470W WO 2014024153 A1 WO2014024153 A1 WO 2014024153A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
burner
feeding
oxidant gas
passage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/056470
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Maurizio LIZZANO
Mauro Lugli
Original Assignee
Sacmi Forni S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sacmi Forni S.P.A. filed Critical Sacmi Forni S.P.A.
Priority to EP13777142.4A priority Critical patent/EP2893257A1/fr
Publication of WO2014024153A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014024153A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F23C7/06—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner for heating the incoming air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a heat- recovery combustion apparatus.
  • the present invention finds an advantageous, but not exclusive, application for ceramic kilns, which will be explicitly referred to in the following description, without thereby losing its' general character.
  • the self -recovery burner illustrated and described in EP-A1-2 278 244 is a . free flame .burner comprising fuel gas feeding means, oxidant gas feeding means and exhaust fumes scavenging means .
  • the burner can suck the exhaust fumes generated by means of combustion, using them for pre-heating an oxidant gas through a ceramic heat recovering pipe .
  • the exhaust fumes flow flows counter current to the secondary air flow, thus heating it before it is mixed with the products of primary combustion.
  • the latent heat contained in the exhaust fumes is used for preheating the secondary air.
  • the heat exchange occurs through the aforesaid ceramic heat recovering pipe .
  • ceramic articles means items such as tiles, sanitary ware, roof tiles, bricks, etc.
  • Such ceramic items have therefore been obtained by compression of ceramic powders, or have been produced by casting of slurry or by extrusion; both kinds of items can be enamelled or raw.
  • said burners are not suitable to ceramic kilns because, when thermal power is increased in said kilns, they develop a huge amount of fumes entering the furnace chamber and putting in overpressure the chamber itself. Therefore, the furnace chamber must be designed so that it is capable to sustain huge stresses due to overpressure and obviously, as a consequence, this remarkably increases the building costs of the furnace .
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an innovative gas burner which can be advantageously used in the aforesaid heat-recovery combustion apparatus .
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the heat-recovery combustion apparatus which is the main object of the present invention
  • figure 2 shows an enlarged view of some details of the apparatus of figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional view of swirling means for the secondary oxidant gas used in the apparatus according to figures 1, 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional view of a heat recovering pipe used in the apparatus according to figure 1, 2;
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the A-A section of the apparatus shown in figure 1;
  • FIG. 6 shows a first three-dimensional view of a combustion head, mounted at the distal end of a burner used in the apparatus according to figure 1;
  • figure 7 shows a second three-dimensional view of the combustion head according to figure 6.
  • reference number 100 indicates as a whole a heat -recovery combustion apparatus, in particular for ceramic kilns, which is the main object of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises a burner 10, of the type which will be better described hereinafter, a heat recovering pipe 20, recovering the heat contained in the exhaust fumes, and scavenging means 30 of the exhaust fumes.
  • the apparatus 100 is mounted on a wall (WL) of a kiln (KL) for firing ceramic articles.
  • the wall (WL) is made of a refractory material.
  • At least a part of the apparatus 100 is housed inside a through hole (HL) pierced in the aforesaid wall (WL) .
  • the scavenging means 30 are directly fastened to the wall (WL) with known and not shown means.
  • Said scavenging means 30 comprise, in turn, a fumes box 31 linked to an evacuation duct 32 directing the combustion products to an exhaust ⁇ chimney ' (no ⁇ shown) .
  • the fumes box 31 is partially padded with an insulating material (IS) .
  • IS insulating material
  • the fumes box 31 has a bottom 31A provided with a through hole 33 symmetric to a longitudinal axis (X) (figure 1) .
  • the heat recovering pipe 20 comprises, in turn, a main tubular body 21 from which straight radial projections 22 protrude outwards, which are arranged in a regular radial pattern with regard to the axis (X) . It must be specified that the radial projections 22 are "straight" in that each longitudinal axis of each radial projection 22 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (X) .
  • the straight radial projections 22 remarkably develop in height if compared to the diameter of the main tubular body 21.
  • the projections 22 are twelve, but their effective number essentially depends from time to time by the amount of heat which must be exchanged between the outgoing . fumes and the incoming secondary air.
  • the main tubular body 21 ends on the one side with a flaring 23 whereas, on the opposite side, it ends with a "bottleneck” tapering 24 (figure 4).
  • the heat recovering pipe 20 (whose aim is composing different combustion apparatuses) can be selected according to its geometrical characteristics in order to guarantee the passage and the transmission mode of the heat amount required for that particular treatment.
  • the whole heat recovering pipe 20 can be advantageously, but not necessarily, made of a refractory ceramic material.
  • the through hole 33 is partially closed by a flange 40, also provided with its through hole 41.
  • the flange 40 is fastened on the fumes box 31 by means of screws 60, only one of which is visible in figure 1. Furthermore, the flange 40 holds a shaped sealing ring 50 made of a special refractory material. The shaped sealing ring 50 is housed in the aforesaid through hole 33 and avoids the leaking of fumes in the environment .
  • the burner 10 comprises a fastening flange 11 provided with a plurality of through holes 12.
  • each through hole 12 is equipped with a traditional fixing device 13.
  • the fastening flange 11 is locked to the flange 40, tightening in the meanwhile the flaring 23 of the heat recovering pipe 20 arranged between the flange 40 and the fastening flange 11.
  • the burner 10 comprises a fuel gas feeding duct 14 whose longitudinal symmetry axis is the aforesaid axis (X) .
  • the fuel gas flows in the feeding duct 14 according to a direction and an orientation defined by an arrow (Fl) .
  • the fuel gas is methane CH4 or GPL; but the present apparatus 100 has been designed to work with any kind of fuel , both in the form of a gas and in the form of a nebulised liquid fuel.
  • the burner 10 comprises an oxidant feeding box 15 provided, in turn, with a feeding junction 15A and with an oxidant distribution chamber 15B ending with the aforesaid fastening flange 11.
  • the oxidant distribution chamber 15B is crossed by a portion of the feeding duct 14.
  • the oxidant gas is air, but the present apparatus 100 can also work with other types of oxidant gas, such as, for instance, pure oxygen.
  • a primary air feeding duct 16 is arranged coaxially with respect to the fuel gas feeding duct 14 and to the heat recovering pipe 20.
  • the duct 16 starts at the fastening flange 11 and is hold in place with regard to the duct 14 and to the heat recovering pipe 20 by special spacers (not shown) .
  • first passage 56 inside which the primary air flows according to a direction and an orientation defined by an arrow (F2) .
  • Said first passage 56 is therefore defined by the annular space limited on the one side by the fuel gas feeding duct 14 and, on the other side, by the duct 16.
  • the first passage 56 also houses a pair of electrodes (not shown) for the ignition of the primary mixture and the control of the relating flame .
  • a second passage 57 is defined, in which the secondary air flows according to a direction and an orientation represented by an arrow (F3) .
  • the inner surface of the through hole (HL) together with the outer surface of the heat recovering pipe 20, defines a third passage 58 for discharging the combustion fumes flowing to the scavenging means 30 according to a direction and an orientation represented by an arrow (F4) .
  • Swirling means 65 of the kind shown in more detail in figure 3 are arranged again at the fastening flange 11, and, thus, also at the beginning of the duct 16.
  • Said swirling means 65 comprise a main cylindrical body 65A provided, on its outer surface, of a plurality of helical projections 65B helically wound around the main cylindrical body 65A (figure 3) .
  • the main cylindrical body 65A is fitted on the proximal end of the duct 16, whereas the ends of the helical projections 65B rest on the inner walls of the oxidant distribution chamber 15B.
  • the swirling means 65 are moved forward, namely in the second passage 57, substantially at the height of the flaring 23 of the heat recovering pipe 20.
  • the swirling means 65 are arranged in a region in between the oxidant distribution chamber 15B and the flaring 23 of the heat recovering pipe 20.
  • the swirling means 65 are in a region 85 in between the oxidant distribution chamber 15B and the heat recovering pipe 20; said region 85 comprises the end portion of the oxidant distribution chamber 15B, the flaring 23 of the heat recovering pipe 20 and the proximal end of the duct 16, which divides the secondary air and the primary air.
  • the swirling means 65 are arranged at the beginning of the secondary air path, in order to create swirls in the secondary air of the second passage 57.
  • the main purpose is to maximize the heat exchange between fumes and secondary air through the heat recovering pipe 20.
  • the swirling means 65 can be formed in one piece with at least one of the following elements comprised in the region 85:
  • the swirling means 65 can be fastened in any way (welding, mechanical interference, etc.) to at least one of the following elements comprised in the region 85:
  • the arrangement of the swirling means 65 just at the very beginning of the second passage 57 remarkably influences the thermal flow in the heat recovering pipe 20, said thermal flow occurring between the hot fumes discharged through the third passage 58 and the secondary air typically entering at room temperature the second passage 57.
  • the fuel gas, the primary air and the secondary air are directed to a combustion head 80, shown in more detail in figure 2 and forming the end part of burner 10.
  • the combustion head 80 is substantially shaped as a circular plaque fitted on the distal ends of ducts 14 and 16.
  • the combustion head comprises in turn a first disc 82, whose diameter is substantially equal to the one of duct 16, on which a second disc 83 is overlying, whose diameter is substantially equal to the one of duct 14.
  • the two discs 82, 83 there is a cylinder 84 connecting said two discs 82, 83.
  • the two discs 82, 83 and the cylinder 84 are advantageously made en bloc.
  • Two through holes 82A crossed in use by the aforesaid electrodes (not shown) are provided on disc 82.
  • Helical projections 82B are provided on the periphery of disc 82 for performing a swirl distribution of primary air.
  • a plurality of through holes 82C again for primary air, is circumferentially arranged.
  • Said through holes 82C have inclined axes converging on a point lying on the aforesaid axis (X) .
  • the helical projections 82B for distributing primary air must have the same direction of inclination of helical projections 65B (figure 3) comprised in swirling means 65 of the secondary air, so that both swirls (of primary air and, respectively, of secondary air) have the same direction of rotation, to the right (or clockwise) in this case. It has been experimentally observed that this . fact, that is to have the same direction of rotation of the two series of helical projections 65B, 82B, leads to a better combustion resulting in a considerable reduction of NOx.
  • the fuel gas and the primary air exiting the aforesaid openings provided on the circular plaque 81 are mixed downstream of the combustion head 80, thus forming a primary mixture which is ignited by the electrodes (not shown) .
  • the primary combustion occurs in a combustion chamber 90 ideally axially enclosed by the combustion head 80 and by the tapering 24.
  • the combustion chamber 90 is also laterally limited by the inner surface of the heat recovering pipe 20.
  • the secondary combustion air does not reach the dart in a particularly swirling state, because the swirls have been formed only at . the beginning of the second passage 57 thanks to the swirling means 65. In the remaining part of the second passage 57 the secondary air flow regularizes, thus becoming almost laminar. In fact, it has been experimentally observed that, in order to obtain an optimal combustion in this kind of burners, it is preferable that the secondary air flow reaches the dart (given by the combustion of fuel gas with primary air) in the most delicate way possible, namely as free of swirls as possible .
  • the (primary and secondary) combustion products are then expelled to the chamber of the kiln (KL) for ceramic articles through the tapering 24.
  • KL kiln
  • the possible presence of the tapering 24 and the extent of reduction of cross section possibly occurring in the tapering 24 itself are given by the design parameters and are choices dictated by the desired inlet speed of the fumes in the chamber of the kiln (KL) .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un appareil de combustion à récupération de chaleur (100), en particulier pour fours en céramique (KL). Ledit appareil (100) comprend : a) un brûleur (10) ayant un axe de symétrie longitudinal (X), qui comprend lui-même : - un conduit (14) pour introduire un gaz combustible dans une tête de combustion (80) ; - une chambre de distribution d'oxydant (15B), à partir de laquelle démarre un premier passage (56) pour introduire un gaz oxydant primaire dans ladite tête de combustion (80) et un second passage (57) pour introduire un gaz oxydant secondaire dans la même tête de combustion (80) ; b) un tuyau de récupération de chaleur (20) pour récupérer la chaleur contenue dans les gaz d'échappement ; ladite chaleur étant apte à préchauffer le gaz oxydant secondaire ; et c) des moyens de balayage (30) pour les fumées d'échappement. L'appareil (100) comprend de plus des moyens de tourbillonnement (65), qui sont sensiblement renfermés dans une région (85) entre ladite chambre de distribution d'oxydant (15B) et ledit tuyau de récupération de chaleur (20).
PCT/IB2013/056470 2012-08-07 2013-08-07 Appareil de combustion à récupération de chaleur, en particulier pour fours en céramique WO2014024153A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13777142.4A EP2893257A1 (fr) 2012-08-07 2013-08-07 Appareil de combustion à récupération de chaleur, en particulier pour fours en céramique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITBO2012A000436 2012-08-07
IT000436A ITBO20120436A1 (it) 2012-08-07 2012-08-07 Apparecchiatura di combustione a recupero di calore in particolare per forni ceramici

Publications (1)

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WO2014024153A1 true WO2014024153A1 (fr) 2014-02-13

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Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2893257A1 (fr)
IT (1) ITBO20120436A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014024153A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016070532A (ja) * 2014-09-29 2016-05-09 中川産業株式会社 燃焼用バーナ
EP3364105A1 (fr) * 2017-02-16 2018-08-22 Vysoké ucení Technické v Brne Brûleur pour combustibles à faible pouvoir calorifique

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202100027203A1 (it) * 2021-10-22 2023-04-22 Coven Soc A Responsabilita Limitata Forno di cottura a gas non premiscelato

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3905751A (en) * 1974-03-21 1975-09-16 Midland Ross Corp Gas burner
US4298333A (en) * 1977-09-19 1981-11-03 J. Aichelin Industrial heating installation and method of operation
EP0773407B1 (fr) 1995-11-10 2002-12-11 WS Wärmeprozesstechnik GmbH Récupérateur et brûleur à récupération
US6872070B2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2005-03-29 Hauck Manufacturing Company U-tube diffusion flame burner assembly having unique flame stabilization
EP2278244A1 (fr) 2009-07-24 2011-01-26 Sacmi Cooperativa Meccanici Imola Societa' Cooperative Four continu
WO2011120597A1 (fr) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-06 Ancora S.P.A. Brûleur à haute stabilité de la flamme, en particulier pour le traitement thermique d'articles céramiques

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3905751A (en) * 1974-03-21 1975-09-16 Midland Ross Corp Gas burner
US4298333A (en) * 1977-09-19 1981-11-03 J. Aichelin Industrial heating installation and method of operation
EP0773407B1 (fr) 1995-11-10 2002-12-11 WS Wärmeprozesstechnik GmbH Récupérateur et brûleur à récupération
US6872070B2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2005-03-29 Hauck Manufacturing Company U-tube diffusion flame burner assembly having unique flame stabilization
EP2278244A1 (fr) 2009-07-24 2011-01-26 Sacmi Cooperativa Meccanici Imola Societa' Cooperative Four continu
WO2011120597A1 (fr) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-06 Ancora S.P.A. Brûleur à haute stabilité de la flamme, en particulier pour le traitement thermique d'articles céramiques

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016070532A (ja) * 2014-09-29 2016-05-09 中川産業株式会社 燃焼用バーナ
EP3364105A1 (fr) * 2017-02-16 2018-08-22 Vysoké ucení Technické v Brne Brûleur pour combustibles à faible pouvoir calorifique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2893257A1 (fr) 2015-07-15
ITBO20120436A1 (it) 2014-02-08

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