WO2014020193A1

WO2014020193A1 - Structural and facilities module for the construction of buildings

Info

Publication number: WO2014020193A1
Application number: PCT/ES2012/070746
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pedro Martin Martin
Original assignee: Pedro Martin Martin
Priority date: 2012-08-01
Filing date: 2012-10-25
Publication date: 2014-02-06
Also published as: ES1078082Y; ES1078082U

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural and facilities module for the construction of buildings (1,1'), of the type that is formed by a structure housing the wet areas of a home (4,5) and the service pipes of the home, such as kitchens, bathrooms or utility rooms, that are complete and pre-installed from the beginning. In said module, the service pipes of the facilities (3) of a home are accessible and searchable via a free space (2) defined by at least one side of the module (1). Furthermore, the upper part of said module (1) comprises a reinforcing beam (6) that protrudes past the vertical and horizontal planes of same both in its transverse section and longitudinal section.

Description

STRUCTURAL AND FACILITIES MODULE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF

BUILDINGS

DESCRIPTION

The purpose of this utility model is to construct a module that integrates the structure and facilities in residential and residential buildings, or any other type of buildings, such as buildings for public use, so that they can join together generating a space habitable, grouping without sticking and using the modules to support the slabs, in such a way that said habitable space is generated, having the common facilities of the building in a recordable space accessible from the outside of said houses.

Background of the invention

At present, the search for cost reduction, quality control, efficiency, sustainability, compliance with the Technical Code (CT) and the duration of the work in the construction of buildings, especially housing, can lead to the use of industrial systems and processes. This causes that in construction elements such as walls, floors or ceilings made outside the work and ready to be mounted with other elements in the place where the construction is carried out are used. However, work on site is still important, since the adjustment and assembly operations are considerable and difficult to solve.

An example of improvement in this regard is the Spanish patent application P200402017 "Structural system for buildings", which describes a construction system based on wall, ceiling and floor modules, which are embedded in a metal support frame . These modules are stacked to create the building, the system incorporating horizontal tensioning means and tensioning means and vertical connection of the modules so that the building acquires greater consistency and stability.

The patent describes containers that include the entire house and are attached both vertically and horizontally, lacking the flexibility to generate different homes, since logically, all homes created with this concept are exactly the same. The Spanish patent application P200402018 "Method for level mounting of prefabricated modules in constructions" is also known, which describes a leveling of stacked modules by injecting a mortar under pressure into neoprene chambers arranged between the roof and the roof. floor of two modules stacked and previously leveled by means of hydraulic jacks.

These technical problems were tried to solve the ES2284306 patent that describes a modular construction system comprising a series of self-compacting and high-strength reinforced concrete building modules that are stackable vertically and / or horizontally. Each module comprises the equivalent of a dwelling, with the roof, walls and floor and means of placing adjacent terraces and corridors. Said modules are joined at the construction site by means of positioning means that allow their vertical stacking; For this, it includes vertical supports that allow each module to rest on the one below, lateral joining elements that allow the adjacent modules to be joined laterally and anchoring means for placing the modules by means of a crane. Each module includes the accessories and finishing elements of the house, including enclosures, windows and services. This construction is done at the factory, at a distance from its final location.

However, the module described suffers from versatility. In addition, to understand all the facilities of a house pre-installed, access to them is as complicated as in a house built by the conventional method.

As is known, each building or complex has the connections of the different services implemented prior to the urbanization phase. Other services do not need connections, being served directly from inside the building, such as energy or ventilation facilities. The type of distribution to the different housing units depends on the type of service in question, be it sanitation, concentrating to a common trunk that connects to the public sewerage network; of water, electricity and gas, which converge in turn towards individualized counters centralized in a single cabin; of telephony and telecommunications, which also converge towards a place on the roof or in the lower area of the building; those of heating that in many cases converge towards a boiler or any other type of common production plant; the one of ventilation and extraction of gases that relate each house with the roof of the building, etc.

A series of branches are responsible for carrying the different services, from the connections or the distribution rooms to each housing unit. They usually have vertical development. In cases where there is centralization of counters, there will be at least as many branches as homes. In other services, such as sanitation or ventilation, vertical branches can be shared, not in extraction

At present, all these branches corresponding to the different services are usually independent routes, housed in vertical holes of the structure that, for example in the case of sanitation, are placed as close as possible to the appliances connected to it, such as toilets in bathrooms and sinks in kitchens, and so that the downspouts normally pass through gaps in the slabs and close with factory, appearing annoying mochets, these same mochets are usually used to implant the water supply pipes, although in many cases they simply run recessed In the factories.

The latter system is also used for branches of electrical distribution, in this case housed inside embedded ducts, and for centralized hot water and heating energy installations.

The case of gas pipelines presents an added problem, because the regulations establish that the uprights must go outside so that the pipes are very ventilated, so that in many cases these pipes are established on the external face of the facades, having a very negative impact on their aesthetic appearance.

The ventilation and extraction of gases require vertical ducts of greater section than the previous ones, which are also integrated in factory works originating numerous mochetas.

This brings with it that the ducts, especially downspouts and vents, cross the different housing units through multiple places and also are not recordable. Something similar occurs with the rest of common facilities, such as the amounts of water. The electrical installation registered in a limited way. All facilities have zero possibilities for expansion and improvement quickly and easily, that is that the current common vertical ducts nullify all the possibilities of change and prevent flexibility.

From the point of view of implantation of the facilities, it is necessary to drill the slabs for innumerable places, the non-forecasting of the gaps in the calculation being very frequent, nor at the time of executing the structures, being necessary to drill them afterwards and often for compromised places. The decisions of small changes in the distribution, which are also frequent, oblige improvisations that usually have unforeseen consequences, the need to hide the places where uprights, downspouts or vertical ventilation ducts run, has often led to them being attached to the pillars, which is precisely the least suitable place, since when drilling the slabs the environment of the pillars is the area of strong concentration of reinforcements, and the gaps in this environment compromise the proper functioning of the structure, especially when they open a posteriori. The available spaces are usually scarce and sometimes there is no adequate support for fixing ducts, which adds difficulties for installers.

The practice of breaking open holes, and even more the practice of rubbing, constitute a true incongruity, since the previously constructed is destroyed, generating debris in housing works, of the order of 15 to 20% of the bricks used. The facilities are definitely buried, which prevents the correction of defects after the functional tests. In addition, a fundamental problem is the difficulty of coordination with the masonry trades, which complicates the work. All this also entails a significant loss of time in installation work, with the consequent and negative economic impact.

To solve this, the Spanish patent ES2259499 is presented that describes an arrangement, to house inside all the common facilities, of a compartment that affects the building in all its height, and that is completely independent of the structure of the building, in addition to be perfectly registered from the outside, allowing any user or operator to access it, without having to access any of the homes or, of course, perform any type of additional work. However, in the state of the art no construction module is described that allows, on the one hand, to allow the construction of a house in a flexible way and, on the other, to allow access and registration of the common facilities to all the houses. This patent proposed a layout of facilities independent of the structure of the building, and was recordable by the facade, with the discomfort from a certain height. He made no mention of the construction of the wet rooms or the type of structure.

Description of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to construct a module that integrates the wet areas and connections of all the housing facilities, such as bathrooms, kitchens, laundry, clothesline, gas extraction, ventilation, water connections, sanitation, electricity , communications, air conditioning, among others, freely distributed, in a single sub-module, so that the facilities of said sub-module are accessible from outside the same through a space designed for this purpose or gallery.

It is well known that, in the construction of a house, the most difficult or laborious areas to build are precisely the wet areas, such as bathrooms and kitchens, since they are the ones that need water, sanitation, ventilation, gas extraction facilities , natural gas (in some cases), etc. Therefore, to avoid much of its construction on site, and contrary to what is indicated in the current state of the art, only one module would be necessary to implement these areas exclusively, as proposed by this utility model. Apart from these areas of the houses (the wet areas) it could be said that the rest (living room, dining room, bedrooms) is a space freely distributed with electricity and air conditioning installations, of very simple materialization compared to those of the others housing spaces.

In addition, the situation of the humid zones in a single sub-module gives great flexibility to the rest of the space that configures the house. Thus, in a specific embodiment, the construction module would consist of a single sub-module, which would integrate at least one bathroom and a kitchen, and where, on one of its sides, all the accesses of the common facilities of the house would be integrated, being externally accessible, without needing to access the sub-module itself that integrates the module. It could also happen that in a single-family house there were several separate sub-modules, creating a space between them to house the rest of the house

The module, in another specific embodiment, comprises two sub-modules integrated by wet areas, and which define a gallery between them, so that the common facilities are located in said gallery that forms a vertical or horizontally recordable space, keeping out of the access to housing the operator who wants to access these facilities.

So far the construction module that includes the wet areas of the house has been described. But this module logically aims to configure a dwelling, for which a plurality of them are grouped, vertically or horizontally for the formation of buildings or single-family dwellings.

Thus, thanks to the invention, for the formation of houses, in the simplest case, only the participation of a single construction module would be necessary, from which the slab and partitioning of the rest of the house would be made, logically with a much less effort, since the most constructively complicated parts would already be manufactured in origin.

For building formation, the modules are stacked vertically and grouped separately in pairs. Thanks to the existence of a beam (cantilever in the cross-sectional and longitudinal section) in the upper part of the module a floor can be loaded creating other spaces of the houses. Thus, thanks to the utility model as described, it is possible to reduce the time spent in the construction of a house remarkably, gaining in flexibility with respect to the conventional construction, since as previously mentioned, in this case the Common facilities and housing are embedded in factories, reducing flexibility in future distributions, as well as registrability and expansion in facilities, leaving spaces that can be freely distributed, which are not interrupted or by structural elements (pillars, load-bearing walls. ..) or vertical installations (downspouts, ventilation ...) since the house is not limited to a single module, as described in the prior art. Finally, the recommended construction module provides for access and registration of common housing facilities. Throughout the description and the claims, the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings provide by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. In addition, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein. Brief description of the figures

A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention which is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly below.

Fig. 1 shows a construction module as claimed in the present utility model, in one embodiment with a construction module composed of two sub-modules of wet areas and intermediate gallery of horizontal registration. Fig. 2 shows the use of a plurality of building modules such as the one shown in figure 1, for the conformation of a single-family house (figure 2A) and a sub-module of buildings (figure 2B), where vertical stacking can be seen of modules and the grouping of two in two horizontally creating a diaphanous space that can be part of one or two houses.

Fig. 3 shows a section of a building constructed with the modules (stacked vertically) of the present invention.

Fig. 4 shows a view of a module variant, with a single wet zone (a sub-module), gallery, elevator and staircase. Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

As can be seen in figure 1, the construction module (1) essentially comprises a first independent sub-module (1 a) and a second independent sub-module (1 b) separated by a gallery (2) with both lateral grooves where the necessary pipes and connections are located in the common facilities (3) of a house on each side.

In a simplified version of the construction module (1), this would only consist of a single sub-module (1 a, 1 b), with its common facilities (3) accessible and externally recordable, through the space configured as a gallery (2 ) or from the outside, the installations are covered as a ventilated façade.

In another simplified version of the construction module (1), this would consist only of the gallery, with its beam at the top (flying in longitudinal and transverse section, with its longitudinal grooves glued to the gallery walls and with holes in the part upper and lower walls.In this case the galleries could be stacked vertically and grouped and separated two by two horizontally, making it a hollow and passable load wall creating diaphanous spaces to house homes on the sides; the wet rooms (which could be prefabicated) could rush to the gallery walls because of the holes made for this purpose.

In another simplified version (as a variant of the previous one) the gallery could be vertical, the modules would have the height of a floor of a building, in plan the size sufficient to house the common facilities, the horizontal and vertical register; with grooves on some of the sides, horizontal platform for support of people, legs for the vertical communication of an operator and auction on the top with a beam around its perimeter. It would remain as an internally recordable hollow pillar, vertically stackable and forming a structural plot in plan, and acting the faces of the pillars as possible connections of wet rooms and interior installations of the created spaces.

Each of the sub-modules (1 a, 1 b) includes, pre-installed from the factory, all the damp facilities of a house, such as bathrooms (4) or kitchens (5), washing and drying clothes, among others, which are provided with service through the free space or gallery (2) comprising the common facilities (3). In this way, for the formation of a house, in its simplest case, only the participation of a single construction module (1) with at least one sub-module (1 a, 1 b) from which it would be made would be required the floor and partition the rest of the house. In this case you could choose to use two sub-modules (1 a, 1 b), with the program that requires housing, separated to forge a space between them and create the rest of the house (structural box-box solution). A mixed structural solution (box-pillars or load-box-wall) would also be possible.

Each sub-module (1 a, 1 b) is provided with a reinforcement beam (6), protruding from its cross-sectional and longitudinal section, so that it acts as a support for other modules (1) in the conformation of a building, as best seen in figure 2.

Figure 2a clearly shows how these beams (6) act, which allow the installation of other structural elements for the formation of a slab (20) that generates adequate space for the other parts of any dwelling.

In the modules (1) represented in figures 1 and 2, the gallery registration (2) is carried out horizontally, through an access (7) arranged for this purpose. However, there are no limitations for access and registration to be vertical.

Figure 3 represents a cross-section of the module where the cut through the two sub-modules and the central gallery of horizontal and vertical registration facilities can be seen. In the gallery you can see that there is a central passage for people and a longitudinal slot for the passage of facilities. You can also appreciate the ease of incorporating any type of installation into the building, either during its construction or throughout its useful life. It is also observed how a plurality of building modules (1 ', 1) have been used for the formation of a four-storey building. Thus, on the ground floor, we can find a construction module (1 ') adapted for use as a boiler room and power plant outside or on the ground, such as geothermal energy, rainwater storage or water recycling gray On the other hand, on the roof we have solar panels, wind power outlets, telecommunications, air conditioning or any type of new installation of the future, which will enter through the gallery (2), at the time of construction or at any time of the useful life of the building towards the different sub-modules (1 a, 1 b) of the different building modules (1).

Finally, another sample of the flexibility of the constructive modules of the present utility model is represented in Figure 4. In said module it is observed how it comprises a first sub-module with wet areas (1 a) while the second sub-module ( 1 b) comprises a ladder (9) and a recess (8), for example, for the installation of an elevator. In this case the facilities are still recordable from the ladder distributor and hidden by a lining.

Claims

one . - Structural module and facilities in the construction of buildings (1, 1 ') of the type that is formed by a structure that houses the wet areas of a house (4,5) and the connections of the houses, such as kitchens, bathrooms or washing and drying of clothes, complete and pre-installed in origin characterized in that the connections of the facilities (3) of a house are accessible and recordable through a free space (2) defined by at least one side of the module (1) ; and wherein said module (1), in its upper part, comprises a reinforcing beam (6) projecting with respect to the vertical and horizontal plane thereof both in its cross-sectional and longitudinal section.

2. - Construction module (1) according to claim 1 comprising two parallel modules (1 a, 1 b) parallel and facing each other that define a free space between them (2) that remains as a gallery for access and registrability of common facilities (3).

3. - Building module (1) according to any of the preceding claims where the gallery registration (2) is carried out horizontally or vertically, through an access (7) and / or by cover and / or by ground floor or basement.

4. - Construction module (1) according to any of the preceding claims wherein a slab (20) is formed on the reinforcement beams (6).

5. - Building module (1) according to any of the preceding claims comprising a ladder (9) and / or a recess (8) for an elevator.