Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
  • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
  • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
  • F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
  • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
  • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2103/00—Use of resin-bonded materials as moulding material
  • B29K2103/04—Inorganic materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
  • B29K2995/0008—Magnetic or paramagnetic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
  • F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
  • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
  • F25B2500/09—Improving heat transfers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12389—All metal or with adjacent metals having variation in thickness
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
  • Y10T428/2457—Parallel ribs and/or grooves

Definitions

• Monobloc piece comprising a magnetocaloric material comprising an alloy comprising iron and silicon and at least one lanthanide, and method of manufacturing said one-piece part
• the field of the invention is that of thermal devices, and more specifically magnetic cold generators.
• the first refrigerants such as ammonia, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide or methyl chloride were very harmful to humans and the environment. They were replaced by chlorofluorocarbons, themselves banned in the 2000s because of their contribution to the greenhouse effect and the damage of the ozone layer. This problem remains because the hydrochlorofluorocarbons currently used continue, to a lesser extent, to have the same harmful effects as the previous ones.
• thermoacoustic refrigeration thermoelectric refrigeration or magnetic refrigeration.
• the latter is based on the magnetocaloric effect (EMC) of some materials, which consists of a variation of their temperature when subjected to a magnetic field. It suffices to subject these materials to a succession of magnetization and demagnetization cycles and to perform a heat exchange with a coolant to achieve the widest possible temperature variation.
• EMC magnetocaloric effect
• the efficiency of such a magnetic refrigeration cycle is about 30% greater than that of a conventional refrigeration cycle. This energy saving achievable with magnetic refrigeration makes it particularly attractive for air conditioning or domestic or industrial refrigeration applications.
• the magnetocaloric effect is maximum when the temperature of the material is close to its Curie temperature, the Curie temperature (Te) being the temperature at which the material loses its spontaneous magnetization. Above this temperature, the material is in a disordered state called paramagnetic
• Certain magnetic materials such as gadolinium, arsenic or some MnFe type alloys have magnetocaloric properties particularly well suited to the aforementioned applications.
• LaFeSiCo-based or LaFeSi-based alloys H
• Insertion of light atoms such as hydrogen or cobalt in LaFeSi compounds can be an effective way to increase the Curie temperature while maintaining the EMC effect of the high material.
• Such materials are particularly interesting because of their magnetocaloric properties combined with manufacturing costs, allowing mass applications more favorable than those of materials such as gadolinium.
• the magnetic cold technology relies on the interaction of these materials with a water-based heat transfer liquid.
• the material heats up almost instantaneously when it is placed in a magnetic field, and it cools with the same thermal dynamics when it is removed from the magnetic field.
• the material is traversed by the so-called coolant liquid that will either be heated in contact with the material during a so-called magnetization phase, or cool in contact with the material during a so-called demagnetization phase.
• the coolant circulates in straight channels or pores emerging in the magnetocaloric material, this circulation corresponding to a hydraulic flow of fluid in laminar mode, so as to obtain a maximum exchange surface, with a minimum hydraulic pressure drop.
• a cycle includes:
• This cycle is repeated up to frequencies of several Hertz. As the frequency increases, the thermal power (eg cooling) delivered by the apparatus also increases.
• the geometry of a magnetocaloric material part is therefore essential to ensure optimal heat exchange between said part and the coolant circulating in contact therewith.
• the present invention provides an optimized structure of magnetocaloric material part and a method for producing such a piece, while the conventional techniques currently deployed do not achieve the form of reports necessary to optimize trade of heat, because of too small dimensions to reach in mass rooms.
• the subject of the invention is a one-piece piece, that is to say of a single piece, based on at least one magnetocaloric material made of alloy comprising iron, and silicon and at least one lanthanide, characterized in that:
• said part comprises a base located in a first plane defined by a first direction Dx and by a second direction Dy perpendicular to the first direction Dx and a set of N unitary blades L a integral with said base;
• said blades having a first dimension D i, x in the first direction, a second dimension D i, y in the second direction and a third dimension D i, z in a third direction Dz perpendicular to the first and second dimensions;
• the distance between an ith blade and a (i + 1) th blade is between about 0.1 mm and 1 mm.
• the present invention also relates to a complex piece comprising two one-piece parts according to the invention, said two parts being recessed head to tail, to reduce the free space between blades.
• the blades comprise convex upper surfaces.
• said base comprises surfaces cut between an ith blade and a (i + 1) th blade.
• the profile of the recesses may be concave type, the recesses having an optimized radius of curvature so as to enhance the speed of a coolant intended to circulate between the blades.
• the radius of curvature may be of the order of 0.1 mm.
• the number of blades of the single piece can be between ten and thirty blades.
• thermal generation devices comprising magnetocaloric elements operating at different Curie temperatures and therefore pieces made of different magnetocaloric materials, these parts having to be easily recognizable thanks to the presence of elements. marking.
• the set of blades comprises at least one blade of third dimension different from that of the other blades for constituting a marking of said one-piece piece.
• the positioning of the blade L i> i considered in the set of blades L a , i, L > N being relative to a given Curie temperature.
• a distinctive sign may also be integrated at the base, more precisely in this case, said base comprises at least one surface between an ith blade and a (i + 1) th blade, hollowed differently from other excavated surfaces, to constitute a marking of said monobloc piece.
• a blade of third dimension greater than that of the other blades of the block will fit into a digging of base of compliant dimensions, which will make possible a relative positioning of the two blocks guaranteeing regular fluid blade thicknesses that comply with specifications.
• These remarkable dimensions can therefore fulfill a function of marking and positioning, or only one of these functions.
• the ratio between the dimension, in the third direction, of the base D E, Z and the dimension, according to the second, direction of the base D E, y is between about 1/5 and 1/30 the ratio between the dimension, in the third direction, of the base D E, Z and the third dimension D La i, z is the order 1/20;
• the first dimension D i, x preferably being substantially equal to the dimension in the third direction, of the base
• the base being made of a base material
• the blades are made of at least one magnetocaloric material
• the base material and the magnetocaloric material being different.
• the base can be made of a non-magnetocaloric material of less cost than that of a magnetocaloric material.
• the one-piece part comprises at least two series of blades consisting of at least two different magnetocaloric materials.
• the one-piece part comprises at least two series of blades consisting of at least two different magnetocaloric materials.
• the magnetocaloric material is a composite material comprising at least one powder of a first magnetocaloric material and an organic binder.
• the subject of the present invention is also a method for manufacturing a one-piece part according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
• At least one extruder body comprising at least one heating sleeve (Fi), at least one magnetocaloric material powder or a mixture of at least one magnetocaloric powder with an organic binder; mixing, homogenizing and melting said magnetocaloric material powder and, where appropriate, the binder by at least one extrusion screw (Vi) located in the extruder body (s);
• said at least one die defining the structure of said one-piece piece.
• the method further comprises a step of progressive cooling in space, at the output of said at least one die, through dedicated means.
• the dedicated means comprise a shaping tool comprising at least one section equipped with at least one channel in which a cooling fluid / tempering can circulate.
• the die has several sections each having a cavity, at least two sections being separated by a thermal insulation plate whose thickness is determined to allow a temperature difference between the two sections.
• the extruder body or bodies each comprise two co-rotating screws.
• the method comprises:
• the method comprises the introduction of different materials through different feed means distributed along the or extruder bodies.
• the method may comprise introducing, through a feed means, an organic binder so as to manufacture a composite material comprising at least one magnetocaloric material powder or comprise the introduction a magnetocaloric material premixed with a binder.
• a second binder can in this second variant be introduced into the extruder.
• the method comprises the sequential introduction of the different magnetocaloric materials so as to produce a set of continuous strips presenting sequences of materials.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a first example of a first variant of a single piece according to the invention comprising a comb-shaped structure
• FIG. 2 illustrates a second example of the first variant of a single piece according to the invention
• FIG. 3 illustrates a third example of the first variant of a one-piece part according to the invention
• FIG. 4 illustrates a fifth example of the first variant of a single piece according to the invention
• FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary assembly of two one-piece parts of the invention
• FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c illustrate a one-piece piece comprising structured blades for maintaining a determined space between said blades by virtue of the presence of protuberances, as well as an assembly comprising such parts;
• FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c illustrate a one-piece piece comprising structured slats for maintaining a determined space between said slats thanks to the presence of protuberances and a structured base to allow an adjustment of integrated monoblock parts in an assembly as well as an assembly ;
• - Figure 8 shows schematically an extrusion machine for manufacturing a single piece of the invention
• FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a one-piece part obtained by an extrusion process with sequencing of introduction of raw materials
• FIG. 10 illustrates the extrusion chamber at the outlet of several extruder bodies in the case of a coextrusion machine
• FIG. 11 illustrates a first example of a one-piece part obtained by a coextrusion machine
• FIG. 12 illustrates a second example of a one-piece part obtained by a coextrusion machine
• FIG. 13 illustrates an elevational view of a conformation tooling section including a cooling channel used in an exemplary extrusion process of the invention
• - Figure 14 illustrates an elevational view of an insulating plate incorporated between sections of the die illustrated in Figure 1 1;
• FIG. 15 illustrates a view of an extrusion machine used in a method of the invention
• FIG. 16 illustrates a variant of a single piece in folded configuration.
• the one-piece part of the present invention comprises an integrated structure within magnetocaloric material (s) in which perforated regions are provided in a calibrated manner and having optimized geometrical parameters for the passage of a heat transfer fluid. .
• the one-piece piece may comprise a structure in the form of a comb.
• FIG. 1 A first example of this particularly advantageous variant is illustrated in FIG.
• the one-piece part comprises in this configuration, a comb-shaped structure with a base E and a set of blades L a> , ...., L a> i , L a> N integral with said base.
• the dimensions of these plates are shown as directions Dx, Dy and Dz respectively: D i, x, D i, y and D i, z ⁇
• Two blades L 3 ⁇ , and L a> i + are also spaced apart by a distance di intended to correspond to a fluid blade circulating between said blades, except in a case of assembly where the distance will not be the same (two blades of fluid and a blade of material).
• the one-piece piece may consist of a single magnetocaloric material. It may be a powder-based composite material of the well-known LaFeSi family, for example (LaCe) (FeCoMn). If, in varying proportions at the choice of the manufacturer, it is introduced in substitution for La and Co and / or Mn instead of Fe, the composition and the metallurgical structure of which remain compatible with the implementation methods described below.
• LaFeSi LaCe
• FeCoMn FeCoMn
• the composite material comprising an organic binder, for example a polymer, which may be polypropylene, and in which is dispersed a powder of magnetocaloric material which may for example be (Lae) (FeCoMn) SiH, where H is inserted into the material thus comprising hydrogen atoms, as is conventionally known in the state of the art.
• a powder of magnetocaloric material which may for example be (Lae) (FeCoMn) SiH, where H is inserted into the material thus comprising hydrogen atoms, as is conventionally known in the state of the art.
• the powder loading rate by volume can be of the order of 50% to 90%.
• criterion 1 the heat exchange coefficient: h (W / m 2 .K);
• Criterion 2 the thickness of the coolant slide
• criterion 3 the height of the coolant slide
• criterion 4 the thickness of the magnetocaloric material slide (s); criterion 5: the height of the magnetocaloric material blade (s); criterion 6: the length of the magnetocaloric material blade (s); criterion 7: the number of laminations of magnetocaloric material (s). Criteria 2 to 7 thus define the geometry of the block of magnetocaloric material. These criteria combined with criterion 1 make it possible to define the heat exchange capacity of the block of magnetocaloric material. This results in a block geometry of magnetocaloric material having grooves of small thickness in which circulates the heat transfer liquid. These blades of reduced thickness material thus delimit between them blades of liquid.
• the liquid will not be able to extract the energy from the magnetocaloric effect of the blade quickly enough before the next cycle (the thermal conductivity of the material limits the heat transfer flow).
• the heat exchange coefficient h strongly depends on the thickness of the water slide. It increases when the thickness of the water slide decreases.
• D L ai, z may be of the order of 12 mm;
• d can be of the order of 0.2 mm.
• the one-piece part also comprises specific surfaces between the blades so as to optimize the heat transfer fluid circulation velocity between said blades and to limit the appearance of turbulence in the coolant.
• the adjacent concave surfaces C S i located between two blades D i, D L ai + i, at the base E having appropriate radii of curvature may be provided.
• the upper surfaces of the blades may also be S The surfaces, convex i.
• the blades integral with the base it may be advantageous to provide a differentiating element for mass production to recognize for example a piece of one piece of another, in terms of thermal properties in connection with the material or materials that constitute it.
• a base surface between two consecutive blades more concave than the others or a higher blade height than the other blades can be provided a base surface between two consecutive blades more concave than the others or a higher blade height than the other blades.
• the concave surface between the blades L a> and L a> 2 is more hollow.
• the one-piece part furthermore comprises a so-called C ex base channel , made in the base in such a way as to increase the heat exchange surface with a heat exchange fluid.
• C ex base channel a so-called C ex base channel
• the offset or withdrawal of the end blades, the blades L a> and L a> N relative to the edge of the base will also be able to form lateral channels C Ey , z and this in addition channels defined between the blades CL a> i when the part will be positioned in a housing provided for this purpose in a cold generator thermal module.
• the blades of magnetocaloric materials may comprise integrated channels CL 1a > i in said blades L a> i and opening or not at the base, the representation in Figure 3, being related to a configuration with open channels.
• said integrated channels CLi a> i in said blades L a> i may comprise a material, magnetocaloric or not, having a greater magnetic permeability than that of the material forming said blades. L a> i .
• the integration of such a material makes it possible to increase the intensity of the magnetic induction when the one-piece piece is subjected to a magnetic field.
• one or more recesses can also be provided at the base, the base E having peripheral portions E p and E p2 .
• the presence of these peripheral parts E p and E p2 also makes it possible to form complementary channels for the coolant when the room is positioned in a housing provided for this purpose in a cold generator thermal module.
• the one-piece piece may also comprise a solid magnetocaloric material comprising perforated regions intended for the flow of a heat transfer fluid, said regions being perforated in a second direction Dy, perpendicular to a first direction Dx and to a third dimension Dz.
• the dimensions of these openwork regions in the direction Dx, and dR aiiZ in the direction Dz are of an order of magnitude smaller than the dimension dR aiiy according to the second dimension.
• the distances between perforated zones can typically be of the order of a few tens of millimeters.
• the perforated zones can be organized in a honeycomb structure with perforated regions of hexagonal shape.
• thermal generators can integrate complex parts in which two one-piece parts of the invention, P and P 2 , are recessed head-to-tail as illustrated in FIG. 5.
• This configuration makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the fluid blades even further. defined by the distance dii > 2 shown in Figure 4 and between the blades L a> i and L a2 , or L a2 , and L a> i + . It is thus possible to typically achieve fluid plate thicknesses of even less than 0.1 mm, whereas this is currently impracticable with known techniques.
• At least one positioning element which may also be a blade marking element made of materials with different characteristics of a first block, said positioning element being constituted by at least one third blade. dimension greater than that (s) other blades positioned in front of a surface of the second block dug in the base, said dig being sized to be complementary to the end of the at least one blade of said first block.
• a configuration of this type is illustrated in the figure by the second blade from the right and the second hollow from the left of the bottom block of Figure 5. According to a variant of the invention, illustrated in FIGS.
• the one-piece piece may advantageously comprise blades having protuberances making it possible to impose a relatively constant spacing between the blades and this in operation during the flow of a fluid between said blades La, i, also to enhance the mechanical strength.
• the presence of these protuberances also makes it possible to reinforce the mechanical strength.
• a one-piece piece comprising blades with protuberances may further come to fit into a one-piece piece having, for its part, patterns dug at the base, allowing the ends of the blades La, i of the complementary piece to come to bear in order to ensure an increased mechanical strength in operation.
• the block can be made by sintering powder at about 1200 ° C. It is possible to perform electroerosion of the channels, but sintering generates stresses and mechanical stresses in the blocks. This can lead to breakage of blocks or blades already made. Moreover the diameter of EDM wire to reach dimensions less than a few tenths of a millimeter becomes a real problem, because the wire must have a very small diameter, which makes it very fragile.
• extrusion is a process for the continuous transformation of a malleable material homogenized and fused by mixing and heating (mechanical and thermal).
• a sheath Cylinder
• the material compressed and kneaded by one or more screws is pushed to a die, to be shaped.
• the method proposed in the present invention is a hot forming method, using at least one heating sleeve and not passing by the manufacture of a paste likely to generate oxidation problems of the metallic materials used, because of presence of water.
• the extruder comprises an extruder body equipped with at least one heating cylindrical sleeve (thermoregulated) within which turns one (or two) motorized screw.
• the body of the extruder is fed through openings in said barrel by feeders having granular or powder feed hoppers.
• the extrusion screw kneads, compresses, shears, heats and continuously transports the fluidized and homogenized material to the die. This gives the fluidized mass the desired shape by pushing the material through the die.
• the binder can be for example polypropylene, or polycarbonate or polyethylene.
• Such a machine comprises in particular:
• an extrusion body Ex itself comprising a set of elementary modules of sheaths F1, driven by at least one heating system;
• the extrusion body which advantageously comprises two co-rotating extrusion screws referenced in their set Vi, rotating in the same direction and thereby achieving output pressures of the order of 150 bar.
• Said extrusion screws may comprise different kneading modules, decompression, acceleration, etc.
• a compression chamber CP which receives the material m fl fluidized and kneaded, and propels one or more bushings;
• a die f N replicates the shape of the one-piece piece of composite material based on a powder of magnetocaloric material and binder m p i.
• the extrusion screw may have a length of between 1 and 4 meters, preferably 2 meters, its length may correspond to its diameter multiplied by a coefficient of between 10 and 24.
• the rotational speed is between 80 and 400 rpm, the maximum pressure being approximately 200 bar, knowing that it is possible to provide a valve-lock opening and evacuating the material when the pressure is too great ( typically greater than 200 bar).
• the temperature of the material can be between 150 ° C (corresponding to the temperature of the extrusion screw and the sleeve) and 240 ° C.
• the temperature of the die can, in turn, be a few degrees higher than the temperature of the material to reduce the adhesion of the material to the die.
• the extrusion screw can comprise several different elements or screw modules, with different and / or inverted screw threads, and also with mixing elements (which can be stacked on the axes of the extrusion screws).
• the method of the invention it is possible to supply the extruder body sequentially so as to successively form sections of strips of different materials in the direction Dy.
• the blades may comprise regions consisting of different magnetocaloric materials making it possible to have an additional latitude in terms of overall operating temperature depending on the Curie temperatures of the different materials.
• three regions respectively comprise a first magnetocaloric material M ca i3o, a second magnetocaloric material M ca i3i, a third magnetocaloric material M ca i32-H can be advantageous during the mass production of monobloc parts to feed the body of extruder via different feeders distributed along the body of the extruder and according to the following sequence and then to proceed to an overall cutting of the set of unitary parts:
• extruder bodies are used in parallel, opening into a single compression chamber CP as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10, which shows a compression chamber fed by three extruder bodies Ex ; Ex 2 and Ex 3 , fed themselves by different materials M-,, M 2 , M 3 .
• the base E is made of a first material called base M E
• the blades being made of a second material M ca i, said second material being a magnetocaloric material, while the base material may not be.
• the blades L> i may consist of two different materials magnetocaloric ca 4 M i o and M i ca i 4 distributed along the direction Dz, the base may or may not be incorporated in a third material said base M E may or may not be magnetocaloric.
• a cooling means may be provided for said one-piece piece to maintain its shape after it has left said die f N.
• the advantage of this cooling means is to prevent the one-piece piece from deforming when it leaves the f n die .
• This cooling is intended to bring the one-piece part in a very short time to a temperature of about 200 ° C at a temperature near room temperature.
• This cooling means can be declined according to several variants.
• a first variant not shown is to use external cooling means and thus to cool the monobloc piece at the outlet of the die with a blade of air at low temperature (about 5 ° C for example) and at low speed (speed adapted for do not deform the monoblock part).
• a second variant shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 consists in integrating the cooling means into the die F N having the imprint of the one-piece part.
• the temperature of this fluid makes it possible to cool the one-piece piece even though it is being shaped in the die.
• FIG. 15 represents a schematic view of an extrusion machine whose die comprises four sections T ; T 2 , T 3 and T 4 .
• the sections T ; T 2 and T 3 comprise a cooling channel intended for the circulation of a cooling fluid.
• the section T 4 realizes the initial shape of the part.
• the three sections T; T 2 and T 3 are thermally isolated from the first section T 4 by the insulating plate s having hollow areas or openings Oi
• the invention is not limited to such a number of sections, one can consider for example the integration of two sections: a section having a cooling channel and another section without a cooling channel.
• the one-piece parts described above can advantageously be integrated in a thermal module.
• the one-piece piece may have a V-shaped geometry, the set of blades on their base being curved along the second direction Dy, as illustrated in FIG.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-08-01 FR FR1257498A patent/FR2994253B1/fr active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-07-25 ES ES13740310.1T patent/ES2683399T3/es active Active
  • 2013-07-25 US US14/418,431 patent/US10451319B2/en active Active
  • 2013-07-25 HK HK15112633.1A patent/HK1212013A1/xx unknown
  • 2013-07-25 IN IN1431DEN2015 patent/IN2015DN01431A/en unknown
  • 2013-07-25 KR KR20157005293A patent/KR20150038505A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-07-25 EP EP13740310.1A patent/EP2880377B1/fr active Active
  • 2013-07-25 WO PCT/EP2013/065743 patent/WO2014019938A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-07-25 CN CN201380046812.3A patent/CN104736946B/zh active Active
  • 2013-07-25 JP JP2015524730A patent/JP2015531049A/ja active Pending
  • 2013-07-25 BR BR112015002297A patent/BR112015002297A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation

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