WO2014019778A1 - Détection et représentation d'un champ de vision d'un radar dans le domaine de l'automatisation des processus - Google Patents

Détection et représentation d'un champ de vision d'un radar dans le domaine de l'automatisation des processus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014019778A1
WO2014019778A1 PCT/EP2013/063622 EP2013063622W WO2014019778A1 WO 2014019778 A1 WO2014019778 A1 WO 2014019778A1 EP 2013063622 W EP2013063622 W EP 2013063622W WO 2014019778 A1 WO2014019778 A1 WO 2014019778A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
horn antenna
radar
antenna elements
horn
radiation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/063622
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Winfried Mayer
Tobias Chaloun
Thomas Blödt
Original Assignee
Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg filed Critical Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg
Publication of WO2014019778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014019778A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for imaging detection of a Radar supportivefeldes according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for imaging detection of a radar field of view according to the preamble of claim 8. Furthermore, the invention relates to a Radarmessan extract according to the preamble of claim 14 and a Radarmessan extract according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • field devices are often used, which serve to detect and / or influencing process variables. Examples of such field devices are level gauges, mass flow meters, pressure and
  • Temperature measuring devices etc., which detect the corresponding process variables level, flow, pressure or temperature as sensors.
  • field devices are all devices that are used close to the process and that provide or process process-relevant information.
  • radar radiation is used for measurement purposes.
  • imaging radar instruments are becoming increasingly important.
  • the first method according to the invention serves for the imaging detection of a
  • the radar arm assembly includes a transmitter antenna assembly having a plurality of first horn antenna elements, wherein the first horn antenna elements of the transmitter antenna assembly are configured such that each first horn antenna element radiates radar radiation in a different plane of abstraction that is tilted normal to a particular angular position of the first angular co-ordinate.
  • the Radarmessan himself comprises a
  • a receive antenna arrangement having a plurality of second horn antenna elements, wherein the second horn antenna elements of the receive antenna arrangement are configured so that every other horn antenna element radar radiation within a
  • the first method comprises emitting radar radiation through the transmit antenna array, wherein the transmitter side emission is successively switched between different levels of illumination with respect to the first angle coordinate, and receiving signals reflected back to radar targets by the receive antenna array.
  • the method comprises determining the second angular coordinate at which the received signals arrive at the receiving antenna arrangement by means of a phase progression of the received signals or by computationally evaluating different propagation paths by means of digital beamforming or generating a two-dimensional image of the
  • the first method according to the invention is characterized by a combination of different levels of abstraction on the one hand and a use of digital beam forming or
  • phased array antennas on the other hand.
  • a particularly advantageous imaging detection of a radar field of view is made possible. For example, if Digital Beam Forming is used on the receiver side, the arithmetic outlay for the Digital Beam Forming is reduced because only one angular coordinate has to be determined by means of Digital Beam Forming, since on the transmitter side the first angular coordinate of the emission plane in which the emission takes place is known. If, on the other hand, a phased array on the receiver side Group antenna is used, this increases the total received power.
  • the second method according to the invention serves for the imaging detection of a
  • the radar arm assembly includes a transmit antenna assembly having a plurality of first horn antenna elements, wherein the first horn antenna elements of the transmit antenna assembly are configured such that each first horn antenna element radiates the power within a comparatively wide range of a first angular coordinate.
  • a receiving antenna arrangement having a plurality of second horn antenna elements, wherein the second horn antenna elements of
  • Receiving antenna arrangement are formed so that each second horn antenna element receives radar radiation in another receiving plane, which is tilted to the normal to a certain angular position of a second angular coordinate.
  • the second method according to the invention comprises the emission of radar radiation by the transmitting antenna arrangement, whereby either different propagation paths are switched through for evaluating the first angular coordinate by means of digital beamforming or different phase progressions for emission into different emission regions of the first angular coordinate
  • the method includes receiving and evaluating received signals reflected back to radar targets by the
  • Radar field of view based on the received signals received for the different values of the first angular coordinate and the second angular coordinate.
  • the second method according to the invention is characterized by a combination of an employment of digital beam forming or phased array antennas on the one hand and of different reception levels on the other hand.
  • the combination of different methods for determining the first angular coordinate and the second angular coordinate enables a particularly advantageous imaging detection of a radar visual field.
  • the arithmetic effort for the Digital Beam Forming reduced because only one angle coordinate must be determined by means of digital beam forming, because the receiver side is the second angular coordinate of the receiving plane in which the
  • Radar radiation is received known. If, however, on the transmitter side a
  • phased array antenna is used, thereby increasing the overall radiated power.
  • the invention is based on the drawing shown in the drawing
  • FIG. 1 shows an antenna arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows the structure of the antenna arrangement according to the invention of stackable
  • 3 shows a horn antenna element made of stamped parts; 4 shows the emission characteristic of a single horn antenna element;
  • FIG. 5 shows an antenna arrangement constructed from two stacks arranged next to one another;
  • FIG. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the antenna arrangement shown in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a rear view of the antenna arrangement shown in Fig. 5; 8 shows a first measuring method for the imaging detection of a radar field of view; 9 is a schematic representation of the scanning of a radar field of view;
  • FIG. 10A, 10B show two advantageous technical implementations of the measuring method shown in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 1 shows the use of imaging radar for determining a bulk material volume;
  • FIG. 1 shows the use of imaging radar for determining a bulk material volume;
  • Fig. 12 shows a second measuring method for the imaging detection of a radar field of view
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic representation of a phase delay element
  • FIG. 15 shows an antenna arrangement which is particularly suitable for implementing the measuring method shown in FIGS. 12 and 14;
  • 17 shows a fifth measuring method for imaging detection of a radar field of view.
  • the antenna structure 100 for the front end of a radar measuring device.
  • the antenna structure 100 according to the invention is constructed from a number of stacked horn antennas and can be used both as transmitting antenna structure and as
  • Receiving antenna structure are used for radar radiation.
  • the antenna structure 100 is made up of eight stacked ones
  • Horn antenna elements 101 -108 constructed.
  • the horn antenna elements 101 - 108 may be formed, for example, as molded parts, which are made of a conductive material.
  • the base plate of the next horn antenna element serves as the upper cover of the underlying horn antenna element.
  • the uppermost horn antenna element 108 of the antenna stack is then terminated with a cover plate 109, which is also made of conductive material.
  • Each of the horn antenna elements 101 - 108 has a beam opening 1 10 - 17 at its front side. On the front side of the antenna structure 100, therefore, eight jet openings 1 10-1 17 arranged one above the other can be seen, which in FIG.
  • the horn antenna elements 101-108 can be selectively used for transmitting or receiving radar radiation.
  • level gauges are often used in closed storage containers (silos, tanks) with round covers in their covers
  • Flange openings for installing sensors are located.
  • a compact overall structure of the antenna structure which fits into small flange openings is advantageous.
  • Moldings 101 -108 have a thickness in the range between 1, 5 mm and 2.5 mm. In applications of the principles of phased array antennas and digital
  • Beam forming has a minimum distance of the antenna elements also has the advantage of a large with respect to the angular image unique field of view.
  • the two horn antenna elements 200 and 201 are formed as molded parts.
  • the horn antenna element 200 comprises a base plate 202 and two side elements 203, 204 formed thereon, which define the contour of the horn.
  • a waveguide port 205 is provided, can be fed via the electromagnetic power in the horn antenna or removed from the horn antennas.
  • a radiating aperture 206 is provided at the front of the horn antenna element 200 in the form of a long horizontal slit.
  • the molded part can be produced, for example, as a metal injection molded part, or as a metallized plastic injection molded part. Alternatively, the molding may be machined from aluminum. Another possibility is that
  • Horn antenna element by deep drawing a sheet, preferably one
  • Non-ferrous metal sheet eg brass, copper and alloys thereof
  • a dielectric lens plate 209 is fitted in the beam opening 206 of the horn antenna element 200.
  • the dielectric lens plate 209 is made of a non-conductive dielectric, preferably of a plastic with a
  • Dielectric constant ⁇ in the range between 2 and 4.
  • a material for the dielectric lens plate 209 is for example polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, also known as Teflon), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), etc.
  • the shape of the dielectric lens plate 209 is selected such that the dielectric lens plate 209 acts as a lens for the electromagnetic waves supplied via the waveguide connection 205.
  • substantially planar radar waves are radiated from the horn antenna element 200, and the received radar waves are converged toward the waveguide port 205. If one waived the use of the dielectric lens plate 209, then the depth of the horn antenna elements would have to be significantly larger. In this respect, the dielectric lens plate 209 offers the advantage that the overall depth of the individual
  • Antenna structure 100 can be significantly reduced.
  • a second horn antenna element 201 that is stacked directly onto the first horn antenna element 200 to yield the stack of horn antenna elements shown in Fig. 1.
  • the second horn antenna element 201 comprises a molded part with a base plate 210 and two side elements 21 1, 212 formed thereon. From the waveguide connection 213, the lateral boundaries 214, 215 extend towards the jet opening 216, which is designed as a narrow horizontal slot. The lateral ones
  • Limitations 214, 215 define the inner contour of the horn antenna.
  • a dielectric lens plate may also be arranged within the beam opening 216 in the second horn antenna element 201. For reasons of clarity, however, this is not shown in FIG. 2.
  • a transmitting antenna stack can a defined emission characteristic or, in the case of a Receiving antenna stack a defined receiving characteristic can be achieved.
  • latching lugs or tongue and groove constructions may, for example, be provided on the horn antenna elements.
  • Side elements bores may be provided, which extend through the entire antenna stack. In these holes then guide rods can be inserted, in order to ensure an exact positioning of the stacked
  • the waveguide terminals 205, 213 are arranged alternately offset from one another. This stands for each of the
  • the waveguide terminals 205, 213 or may be connected to a switching matrix.
  • a horn antenna element in which the horn antenna element is constructed of conductive stampings.
  • the horn antenna element 300 shown in FIG. 3 comprises a base plate 301 on which two side plates 302, 303 are arranged. Both the base plate 301 and the side plates 302, 303 are realized as conductive stampings, preferably as stamped sheet metal parts. According to a preferred embodiment, the horn antenna element 300 is constructed from stampings made of stainless steel sheet.
  • the side parts 302, 303 define the inner contour of the
  • Horn antenna from the waveguide port 304 to the beam opening 305.
  • a dielectric lens plate 306 can be used, whereby a reduced depth of the horn antenna element is made possible.
  • Fig. 4 shows the radiation characteristic of a horn antenna element used as a transmitting antenna.
  • the horn antenna element 400 comprises a waveguide port 401, via which the electromagnetic power is coupled in, an expanding one
  • the jet opening 403 is formed substantially as a horizontal slot.
  • Stacking direction is less than half the wavelength of the radar radiation.
  • Extension d y of the beam opening 403 is relatively large, and insofar is the radiated
  • Elevation angle ⁇ is therefore not or hardly bundling, therefore, the range ⁇ of elevation angles within which the radiation is emitted, comparatively large, namely up to 180 °. Therefore, the radar radiation is radiated substantially within a vertical half-plane 404, and within a relatively small range ⁇ of azimuth angles.
  • Beam opening 403 is.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ at which the radiation mainly occurs can be adjusted within a wide range.
  • horn antenna elements can be produced in which the radiation plane 404 is oriented at a predetermined azimuth angle ⁇ relative to the beam opening 403.
  • Antenna elements of the antenna stack designed as horn antenna elements.
  • Horn antennas allow a relatively broadband radiation of radar frequencies.
  • Horn antennas allow a bandwidth of the radiated signals in the range of up to 40% of the radar frequency, ie a bandwidth in the range of 20 GHz to 30 GHz. This is significantly higher than the bandwidth that could be achieved, for example, when using planar antenna structures.
  • the high bandwidth is particularly advantageous when determining distances by means of radar. The greater the bandwidth of the radiated radiation, the more precisely the distance to the radar target can be resolved. For example, if the distance is determined by a pulse transit time method, then the Fourier spectrum of a short well-defined pulse comprises a comparatively wide spectrum of different frequencies.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of an antenna structure according to the invention.
  • This antenna structure 500 comprises two juxtaposed stacks 501, 502 of antenna elements.
  • the first stack 501 comprises a plurality of stacked horn antenna elements 503, the beam openings 504 of which are visible as stacked vertical slots on the front side of the antenna stack 501.
  • the uppermost horn antenna element of the first stack 501 is bounded at the top by a cover plate 505.
  • the second antenna stack 502 includes the
  • Horn antenna elements 506, which are arranged relative to the adjacent horn antenna elements 503 each offset by half a height of an antenna element. Therefore, the jet openings 507 in the second stack 502 are offset relative to the jet openings 504 in the first stack 501.
  • the uppermost horn antenna element of the second stack 502 is bounded at the top by a cover plate 508, and at the
  • Bottom of the first antenna stack 501 is for height compensation additionally one
  • the height of the horn antenna elements 503 and 506 corresponds to about a full wavelength of the radar radiation.
  • the horn antenna elements 503 and 506 shown in FIG. 5 are thus approximately twice as high as the horn antenna elements shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 5, the horn antenna elements 506 are opposite to the
  • Horn antenna elements 503 offset by half a wavelength of the radar frequency arranged.
  • the radar radiation is in each case at intervals of half a wavelength
  • Horn antenna element is arranged with a beam opening. In this way, even in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, a large unique field of view of
  • Angle mapping can be realized by means of the principle of phased array antenna or digital beam shaping.
  • a horn antenna element is about twice as high as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, without adversely affecting the radiation characteristic of the antenna array. This facilitates the realization of
  • Horn antenna elements insofar as they can now be dimensioned slightly larger.
  • the coupling of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide terminals of the horn antenna elements is facilitated by the enlarged dimensions.
  • FIG. 6 two horn antenna elements 600, 601 of the first stack 602 and a horn antenna element 603 of the second antenna stack 604 arranged offset therefrom are drawn once more enlarged.
  • Horn antenna elements 601 and 603 are also the side members 608 and 609 or 610 and 61 1 can be seen, which define the inner contour of the horn.
  • Waveguide terminals 612, 613 are respectively disposed on the rear side of the antenna stacks 602, 604.
  • a first cover plate 614 for the first antenna stack 602 and a second cover plate 615 for the second antenna stack 604 are shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 shows a representation of the antenna structure 500 shown in FIG. 5 from the rear side.
  • the first antenna stack 700 includes a plurality of horn antenna elements 701 with associated waveguide terminals 702.
  • the second antenna stack 703 includes a plurality of horn antenna elements 704 that are staggered relative to the horn antenna elements 702.
  • the waveguide terminals 705 of the horn antenna elements 704 are disposed on the rear side of the antenna stack 703.
  • Microstrip line feeds provided, each via a waveguide transition are connected to an associated waveguide terminal.
  • a switching matrix 706 arranged at the rear of the antenna structure is shown. By means of this switching matrix 706 it can be determined which of the horn antenna elements 704 is to be supplied with electromagnetic power via the associated microstrip line feed. With the help of the switching matrix 706 is thus determined which of the various switching matrix 706
  • Horn antenna elements 704 are activated.
  • a high-frequency signal generator can be arranged on the switching matrix 706, which can supply the required
  • Radio frequency signals provides.
  • the antenna structure described with reference to FIGS. 1-7 is particularly suitable for scanning the field of view of a radar measuring device in accordance with a grid and thus producing an imaging representation of a radar visual field.
  • each individual horn antenna element has a defined emission characteristic according to FIG. 4, the radar radiation being emitted in particular in an emission plane with a certain angle of inclination to the normal.
  • the angular position of the radiation plane can be varied and determined in particular by suitable design of the inner contour of the horn antenna and the contour of the lens.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of a radar measurement arrangement for radar field of view detection in which a transmission antenna array 800 for emitting the radar radiation and a receiving antenna array 801 for receiving radar radiation
  • the transmit antenna array 800 is labeled “TX” in FIG. 8 while the receive antenna array 801 is labeled "RX".
  • the two antenna arrays 800, 801 are antenna arrangements according to the invention, which are constructed from a plurality of stackable horn antenna elements, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • conventional antenna arrangements can also be used in order to achieve that shown in FIG.
  • the Antenna arrays 800, 801 of a plurality of conventional horn antennas which are arranged one above the other or next to each other at a suitable distance.
  • the transmitting antenna array 800 consists of six juxtaposed horn antenna elements 802-807, the radiating openings of which are formed as vertical slots arranged next to one another.
  • Horn antenna element 802 is configured to radiate the radar radiation in an emission plane 808 that is tilted from the normal by an elevation angle ⁇ 1. Such a radiation characteristic can be achieved by a suitable design of the inner contour and the dielectric lens of the first horn antenna element 802.
  • the second horn antenna element 803 is designed to radiate the radiation in an emission plane 809 which is tilted relative to the normal by the angle ⁇ 2.
  • the third horn antenna element 804 radiates in an emission plane 810 which is tilted in accordance with the elevation angle ⁇ 3, the fourth horn antenna element 805 radiates in an emission plane 81 1 tilted by the angle ⁇ 4.
  • the fifth horn antenna element 804 radiates in an emission plane 810 which is tilted in accordance with the elevation angle ⁇ 3
  • the fourth horn antenna element 805 radiates in an emission plane 81 1 tilted by the angle ⁇ 4.
  • Horn antenna element 806 radiates in an emission plane 812 which is tilted in accordance with the elevation angle ⁇ 5
  • the sixth horn antenna element 807 radiates in an emission plane 813 tilted by the angle ⁇ 6.
  • the juxtaposed horn antenna elements 802-807 can be activated in succession active.
  • the elevation angle of the emission plane can be successively switched through from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6. This makes it possible to scrape the entire field of view of the radar device from top to bottom or
  • the receive antenna array 801 is constructed of six stacked horn antenna elements 816-821. In this case, the horn antenna elements 816-821 of the receiving antenna array 801 are relative to the
  • Horn antenna elements 802-807 of the transmitting antenna array 800 rotated by 90 °.
  • the beam openings are vertical slots whereas the beam openings in the receiving antenna array 801 are formed as horizontal slots.
  • the first horn antenna element 816 of the receive antenna array 801 detects only the radiation that arrives in the receive plane 822 at the azimuth angle ⁇ 1 on the horn antenna element 816. This can be done again by a corresponding shaping of the inner contour and the dielectric lens of the horn antenna 816.
  • the receiving characteristic of the second horn antenna element 817 is determined by the receiving plane 823, which is tilted by an azimuth angle ⁇ 2 relative to the normal.
  • the second horn antenna element 817 receives radiation from the receiving plane 824, which is tilted relative to the normal by the azimuth angle ⁇ 3.
  • the other horn antenna elements 819, 820, 821 each receive radiation from the receiving planes 825, 826, 827, which are tilted by the azimuth angles ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5 and ⁇ 6, respectively.
  • the signal intensities received by the horn antenna elements 816-821 are evaluated in parallel, so that the entire azimuth angle range from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 can be detected and evaluated simultaneously. This has the advantage that the entire azimuth angle range can be evaluated simultaneously.
  • evaluation of the received signal intensities of the horn antenna elements 816-821 requires six separate receive and evaluate channels.
  • the individual horn antenna elements 816-821 are successively switched through to a single receiving and evaluating unit, which the
  • FIG. 9 illustrates how the scanning of the radar field of view is performed.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ is plotted along the right axis and the elevation angle ⁇ is plotted along the vertical axis.
  • Horn antenna element 802 is active, which radiates the radiation in a tilted by the angle ⁇ 1 Abstrahlebene 808.
  • this emission area is shown as area 900 at the angle ⁇ 1.
  • the back-reflected radiation is first received by the horn antenna element 816 whose
  • Receiving plane is tilted by the angle ⁇ 1 to the normal.
  • This receiving area of the horn antenna element 816 is shown in FIG. 9 as area 901. If that
  • Transmitting antenna array 800 radiates at the elevation angle ⁇ 1 and the
  • Receive antenna array 801 receives at the azimuth angle ⁇ 1, then results in a received signal amplitude only if there is a reflective object in the radar field at the angle pair ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1.
  • the area 903 in the pair of angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1 corresponds to the overlap between the area 900 in which the transmitting antenna array 800 radiates and the area 901 in which the receiving antenna array 801 receives radiation.
  • the horn antenna element 816 continues to the horn antenna element 817, which receives the radar radiation at an azimuth angle ⁇ 2.
  • the reception range of the horn antenna element 817 at the azimuth angle ⁇ 2 is shown in FIG. 9 as area 904. In this switching position, it can be evaluated whether there is a reflecting radar object in the area 905 at the angle pair ⁇ 2, ⁇ 1.
  • Azimuth angles ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6 are activated to detect the reflected intensity in the areas 906, 907, 908, 909.
  • the horn antenna element 802 continues to the horn antenna element 803.
  • This horn antenna element 803 radiates in an emission plane 809 that is tilted by the angle ⁇ 2 relative to the normal.
  • the emission area of the second horn antenna element 803 is shown in FIG. 9 as area 910. Now, by switching through the
  • Horn antenna elements 816-821 of the receiving antenna array 801 the reflected intensity in the areas 91 1 -916 are detected. In this way, the entire radar field of view can be scanned successively, up to the area 917 in the pair of angles ⁇ 6, ⁇ 6.
  • the embodiments just described are each to a
  • Horn antenna element of the transmitting antenna array 800 all the horn antenna elements of the receiving antenna array 801 was turned on before the next horn antenna of the transmitting antenna array 800 has been further switched. However, the switching through of the transmitting and receiving antenna elements can also take place in a different order. For example, according to an alternative embodiment, to each Horn antenna element of the receiving antenna array 801 successively the six
  • Horn antenna elements 802-807 of the transmitting antenna array 800 are activated.
  • the measuring method shown schematically in FIGS. 8 and 9 can be advantageously combined with methods for distance measurement.
  • that can be advantageously combined with methods for distance measurement.
  • the scanning of the radar field of view can be combined with Doppler radar methods to detect the movement of the respective radar target for each raster point.
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B show two embodiments of an antenna arrangement with which the measuring principle shown schematically in FIGS. 8 and 9 can be implemented in a technologically advantageous manner.
  • a transmit antenna stack 1000 labeled "TX" is provided in the central portion of the antenna assembly.
  • the transmit antenna stack 1000 comprises a plurality of
  • Horn antenna element 1001 one formed in the form of a vertical slot
  • Beam opening 1002 has.
  • a first receive antenna stack 1003 is arranged, which has a plurality of stacked ones
  • Horn antenna elements 1004 with beam openings 1005 includes. Below the
  • Transmission antenna stack 1000 a second receiving antenna stack 1006 is arranged, the plurality of stacked horn antenna elements 1007 with associated
  • Beam openings 1008 includes. By dividing the receiving antenna stack into a first receiving antenna stack 1003 above the transmitting antenna stack 1000 and a second receiving antenna stack 1006 below the transmitting antenna stack 1000, a symmetrical and compact structure of the imaging radar sensor is achieved.
  • FIG. 10B shows a second embodiment of an antenna arrangement with which the method described in FIGS. 8 and 9 can be realized in a technologically advantageous manner.
  • the antenna arrangement shown in Fig. 10B includes a receive antenna stack 1010, designated "RX.”
  • the receive antenna stack 1010 is constructed from a plurality of stacked horn antenna elements 101 1, each of which
  • Horn antenna elements 101 1 has an associated jet opening 1012.
  • a first transmitting antenna stack 1013 is arranged, which comprises a plurality of juxtaposed horn antenna elements 1014 with vertical radiating openings.
  • a second transmit antenna stack 1015 Disposed below the receive antenna array 1010 is a second transmit antenna stack 1015 which also includes a plurality of side-by-side stacked horn antenna elements 1016 having vertical radiating apertures.
  • the two transmit antenna stacks 1013, 1015 are labeled "TX" in FIG. 10B.
  • Each horn antenna element of the upper transmit antenna stack 1013 is associated with an associated horn antenna element of the lower transmit antenna stack 1015.
  • Transmit antenna stack 1015 acts as a group antenna array.
  • Horn antenna elements 1014 and 1016 of the transmit antenna stack Due to this high aperture, a strong concentration of the radiated radiation is achieved.
  • Fig. 1 1 shows an application for an imaging radar sensor, wherein the radar sensor 1 100 for determining the volume of a heap pile of
  • Bulk material 1 101 is used.
  • the heap of bulk material 1 101 is scanned by means of the method shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 in accordance with a predetermined grid 1 102 by the radar radiation, wherein at each of the bases 1 103, 1 104, 1 105, etc., the distance between the radar sensor 1 100 and the bulk material is determined.
  • Distance determination can be determined for example by means of a pulse transit time measurement or by means of FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave). From the thus determined distance values for the individual grid points, the contour and the volume of the heap of bulk material 1 101 can then be determined with the aid of a mathematical model.
  • FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
  • an imaging radar sensor could be permanently installed over a rectangular or sector-shaped deposit to capture the current amount of bulk material.
  • An imaging radar sensor would be above It is also suitable for detecting and tracking the respective filling quantity in the silo in a silo.
  • the radar sensor could also be used, for example, to detect the transported by a conveyor belt amount of bulk material. Another possible use would be to install the radar sensor, for example on an overhead crane, so that from this position, the goods to be transported can be detected.
  • FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment of a radar measuring device.
  • the radar measurement device includes a transmit antenna array 1200 and a
  • Receive antenna array 1201 wherein the transmitting antenna array 1200 in its
  • the two antenna arrays 1200, 1201 are antenna arrangements according to the invention, which are constructed from a plurality of stackable horn antenna elements, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • conventional antenna arrangements can also be used in order to realize the measuring method shown in FIG. 12.
  • the antenna arrays 1200, 1201 consist of a plurality of conventional horn antennas, which are arranged one above the other or next to each other at a suitable distance.
  • Each of the horn antenna elements 1202-1207 is designed to radiate radar radiation in a defined radiation plane, which is tilted by a specific elevation angle ⁇ to the normal. Accordingly, the horn antenna elements 1202-1207 each emit into an associated emission plane 1208-1213.
  • the receiving antenna array 1201 shown in FIG. 12 comprises six juxtaposed horn antenna elements 1216-1221 whose beam openings are formed as side-by-side vertical slots.
  • the horn antenna elements 1216-1221 are oriented in the same direction as the horn antenna elements 1202-1207 of the transmit antenna array 1200, and not rotated 90 ° as in FIG.
  • the aperture 1222 of the beam aperture at the horn antenna elements 1216-1221 is significantly smaller than the aperture 1223 of the beam aperture at the horn antenna elements 1202-1207.
  • the angular characteristic of the receiving region is not limited to a narrow angular range but encompasses a wide angular range.
  • an associated one is associated with each of the horn antenna elements 1216-1221
  • the receive antenna array 1201 is in particular designed to determine the azimuth angle ⁇ of the back-reflected radiation 1215. Unlike the receive antenna array 801 shown in FIG. 8, the azimuth angle in the receive antenna array 1201 is determined by evaluating the phase angle of the radar radiation incident on the individual horn antenna elements 1216-1221. Based on the phase relationship of the radiation received by the individual horn antenna elements 1216-1221, the angle of incidence of this radiation can then be determined.
  • each of the horn antenna elements 1216-1221 detects the amplitude and phase of the incoming radar radiation.
  • the received signals thus obtained are then applied to an associated phase delay element 1230-1235, which in each case imposes an individual phase delay on the received signals.
  • the phase delays of the phase delay elements 1230-1235 can be set individually for each received signal.
  • the superposition unit 1236 the phase-delayed signals are superimposed. Only with in-phase
  • Superimposition of the phase-delayed received signals is obtained at the output of a superposition signal 1237 of significant signal amplitude.
  • a significant beat signal 1237 is obtained if and only if the phase gradient caused by the azimuth angle ⁇ of the received radiation is exactly compensated by the phase progression which is the Reception signals is impressed by the phase delay elements 1230-1235.
  • the received signals are successively differentiated by suitably set phase delay elements 1230-1235
  • Phase delay elements allows a direct inference to the azimuth angle ⁇ of the reflected radiation 1215, below which the reflected radiation on the
  • Receive antenna array 1201 hits.
  • the measuring arrangement shown in FIG. 12 permits a scanning of the azimuth angle ⁇ and the elevation angle ⁇ and thus makes possible an imaging of a radar field of view.
  • Such a measuring arrangement can be used, for example, for measuring bulk material, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 13 shows an adjustable phase delay element which, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, can be used to impose different phase correlations.
  • a phase delay element can be constructed from any number of stages, it being possible to switch between two different signal paths at each stage.
  • the phase delay element shown in FIG. 13 comprises three stages 1300-1302.
  • the first stage 1300 includes two high-frequency switches 1303 and 1304, with which one can switch between a shorter signal path 1305 and a longer signal path 1306.
  • a high-frequency switch for example, PIN diodes or MEMS switches can be used. If the longer signal path 1306 in the
  • the second stage 1301 of the phase shifter comprises two high-frequency switches 1307 and 1308, with which it is possible to switch between a shorter signal path 1309 and a longer signal path 1310.
  • the third stage 1302 of the phase shifter also comprises two high-frequency switches 131 1, 1312, with which a switch between a shorter signal path 1313 and a longer signal path 1314 can be switched.
  • Delay signal paths 1306, 1310, 1314 are expediently in powers of two. As a result, the overall resulting phase delay can be set accurately.
  • a radar measurement device which is adapted to scan and image a radar field of view.
  • the radar measurement device includes a transmit antenna array 1400 and a receive antenna array 1401.
  • the two antenna arrays 1400, 1401 are antenna arrangements according to the invention, which are constructed from a plurality of stackable horn antenna elements, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • conventional antenna arrangements can also be used in order to realize the measuring method shown in FIG. 14.
  • the antenna arrays 1400, 1401 consist of a plurality of conventional horn antennas, which are arranged one above the other or next to each other at a suitable distance.
  • the transmit antenna array 1400 shown in FIG. 14 includes six juxtaposed horn antenna elements 1402-1407.
  • Each of the horn antenna elements 1402-1407 radiates radar radiation into an associated radiation plane 1408-1413. Therefore, by sequentially switching the horn antenna elements 1402-1407, the angle ⁇ by which the plane of abstraction is normal to the normal can be varied from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6, thereby scanning the field of view.
  • the angle ⁇ by which the plane of abstraction is normal to the normal can be varied from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6, thereby scanning the field of view.
  • Radiation 1415 may reach the receive antenna array 1401.
  • the receive antenna array 1401 corresponds to that shown in FIG. 12
  • Receiving antenna array 1201 and includes six juxtaposed
  • the aperture of the beam openings of the receive antenna array 1401 is significantly smaller than the aperture of the beam openings of the transmit antenna array 1400, and therefore, is associated with the individual horn antenna elements 1416-1421 Receiving angle range relatively large, so that the reflected back Radiation 1415 can be detected within a relatively wide range of elevation angles from the horn antenna elements 1416-1421.
  • the received signals 1422-1427 detected by the individual horn antenna elements 1416-1421 are fed to an evaluation unit 1428, which detects the phase and amplitude of the received signals 1422-1427.
  • the received signals 1422-1427 can be evaluated either in parallel or sequentially.
  • the evaluation unit 1428 now has available the phases and amplitudes of the received signals for different signal paths. Based on this output data, it is now possible to computationally calculate by means of "digital beamforming" or "digital beamforming" at which azimuth angle ⁇ relative to the receiving antenna array 1401 the target object 1414 is located. Instead of generating the phase evaluation by means of a superimposition of phase-delayed signals, the phase evaluation in the example shown in FIG. 14 is therefore performed purely mathematically with the aid of "digital beam forming".
  • the measuring arrangement shown in FIG. 14 permits a detection of the received signal as a function of the azimuth angle ⁇ and the elevation angle ⁇ and thus makes possible an imaging of a radar field of view.
  • a measuring arrangement can be used, for example, for measuring bulk material, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 15 shows a technologically advantageous implementation of a radar measuring device, which is particularly suitable for the methods illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 14.
  • the transmission antenna array 1500 is realized as a horn antenna stack according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of stacked horn antenna elements 1501. It radiates each of the
  • Horn antenna elements 1501 in a different Abstrahlebene from which is tilted relative to the normal by a certain azimuth angle. In this way, successive different azimuth angles can be scanned.
  • the receive antenna array 1502 comprises two stacks 1503, 1504 of stacked horn antenna elements 1505, 1506. The stacks detected by the individual horn antenna elements 1505, 1506
  • Receive signals have a phase progression, which depends on the direction of incidence of the reflected back radiation.
  • the phase angle either by means of adjustable phase delay elements or mathematically by means of digital beam forming
  • the elevation angle ⁇ at which the retroreflected radiation arrives on the receive antenna array 1502 may be determined.
  • a radar measurement device which includes a transmit antenna array 1600 and a receive antenna array 1601.
  • the two antenna arrays 1600, 1601 are antenna arrangements according to the invention, which are constructed from a plurality of stackable horn antenna elements, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • conventional antenna arrangements can also be used in order to realize the measuring method shown in FIG. 16.
  • the antenna arrays 1600, 1601 consist of a plurality of conventional horn antennas, which are arranged one above the other or next to each other at a suitable distance.
  • the transmit antenna array 1600 consists of six juxtaposed
  • Horn antenna elements 1602-1607 which are designed to be in a relatively wide
  • Range of elevation angles ⁇ send radar radiation.
  • an associated emission characteristic 1608-1613 is also shown for each of the horn antenna elements 1602-1607.
  • a high frequency signal 1614 is applied to a plurality of adjustable phase delay elements 1615-1620 and the different phase delayed signals are then applied to the individual
  • the main emission direction 1621 is determined by the impressed phase progression.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ of the radiated radiation can be set freely within a wide range.
  • the receive antenna array 1601 comprises six juxtaposed horn antenna elements 1624-1629, the beam openings of which are oriented in the same direction as the beam openings of
  • Horn antenna elements 1624-1629 can be determined at what elevation angle ⁇ the reflected back radar radiation 1623 incident on the receiving antenna array 1601. For this purpose, the horn antenna elements 1624-1629 can either be active at the same time, or can be switched through sequentially.
  • the measuring arrangement shown in FIG. 16 permits a scanning of the azimuth angle ⁇ and the elevation angle ⁇ and thus makes possible an imaging of a radar field of view. Such a measuring arrangement can be used, for example, for measuring bulk material, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 17 another embodiment of a radar measurement device is shown that includes a transmit antenna array 1700 and a receive antenna array 1701.
  • the two antenna arrays 1700, 1701 are antenna arrangements according to the invention, which are constructed from a plurality of stackable horn antenna elements, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • conventional antenna arrangements can also be used in order to realize the measuring method shown in FIG. 17.
  • the Antenna arrays 1700, 1701 of a plurality of conventional horn antennas which are arranged one above the other or next to each other at a suitable distance.
  • the transmit antenna array 1700 consists of six juxtaposed
  • Horn antenna elements 1702-1707 each adapted to radiate radar radiation in a relatively wide range of elevation angles. The to the individual
  • Horn antenna elements 1702-1707 associated radiation characteristics 1708-1713 are also shown in Fig. 17.
  • the individual horn antenna elements 1702-1707 can be activated individually one after the other.
  • the radar radiated radiation is reflected at the radar target 1715, and the reflected radiation 1716 reaches the receive antenna array 1701.
  • the receive antenna array 1701 includes six juxtaposed horn antenna elements 1717-1722, each receiving radar radiation from a particular receive plane. The to the
  • Horn antenna elements 1717-1722 belonging reception levels 1723-1728 are also shown in Fig. 17 with.
  • the elevation angle ⁇ of the back-reflected radiation 1716 can be determined.
  • the horn antenna elements 1702-1707 may be activated in turn. This results in different signal paths from the transmit antenna array 1700 to the radar target 1715 and back to the
  • Horn antenna elements 1702-1707 on the side of the transmitting antenna array 1700 successively activated, and the associated amplitudes and phases of the received signals are recorded. Subsequently, the amplitudes and phases detected for the different signal paths are evaluated by calculation using an evaluation unit. This evaluation is carried out by means of "Digital Beam Forming" or “Digital Beamforming". From the way in which the amplitude and phase of the received signal depend on the respective signal path, the azimuth angle ⁇ of the radar target 1715 can then also be determined, for example. Overall, the combination of "Digital Beam Forming" on the transmitter side and a switching through of the reception levels on the receiver side allows a rastering of the radar field of view.
  • the measuring arrangement shown in FIG. 17 permits a detection of the received signal as a function of azimuth angle ⁇ and elevation angle ⁇ and thus makes possible an imaging of a radar field of view. Such a measuring arrangement can be used, for example, for measuring bulk material, as shown in FIG. 11.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de détecter et de représenter un champ de vision d'un radar au moyen d'un système de mesure de radar. Ledit système de mesure de radar comprend un système d'antenne d'émission comportant une pluralité de premiers éléments d'antenne cornet lesquels sont réalisés tels que chacun des premiers éléments d'antenne cornet émette un rayonnement radar dans un plan d'émission différent lequel est incliné de manière à ce que la première coordonnée d'angle présente une certaine position angulaire par rapport à la normale. En outre, le système de mesure de radar comprend un système d'antenne de réception comportant une pluralité de deuxièmes éléments d'antenne cornet lesquels sont réalisés tels que chacun des deuxièmes éléments d'antenne cornet reçoive un rayonnement radar au sein d'une zone relativement large de la deuxième coordonnée d'angle. Ledit procédé comprend l'émission d'un rayonnement par le système d'antenne d'émission, ladite émission étant commutée du côté de l'émetteur de manière à adopter successivement différents plans d'émission par rapport à la première coordonnée d'angle, la réception de signaux de réception, lesquels sont renvoyés par des cibles sensibles au radar, au moyen dudit système d'antenne de réception, la détermination de la deuxième coordonnée d'angle représentative de l'incidence desdits signaux de réception sur le système d'antenne de réception, en soumettant à cet effet les signaux de réception à une progression de phase ou en soumettant différentes voies de propagation à une analyse mathématique par formation numérique de faisceaux (ou Digital Beam Forming), ainsi que la génération d'une représentation bidimensionnelle du champ de vision du radar à partir des signaux de réception obtenus pour les différentes valeurs de la première coordonnée d'angle et de la deuxième coordonnées d'angle.
PCT/EP2013/063622 2012-07-30 2013-06-28 Détection et représentation d'un champ de vision d'un radar dans le domaine de l'automatisation des processus WO2014019778A1 (fr)

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DE102019101598A1 (de) 2019-01-23 2020-07-23 Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG Messgerät zur Bestimmung eines Dielektrizitätswertes
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DE102014111987A1 (de) 2014-08-21 2016-02-25 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung eines Füllstands eines Schüttguts
US11063368B2 (en) 2015-04-01 2021-07-13 Vega Grieshaber Kg Antenna assembly for a level gauge
US11163038B2 (en) 2016-05-25 2021-11-02 Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. Antenna, sensor, and in-vehicle system
CN106443181A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-22 中国人民解放军63892部队 一种基于天线辐射性的射频仿真信号环境监测系统及方法
CN106443181B (zh) * 2016-08-31 2023-07-28 中国人民解放军63892部队 一种基于天线辐射性的射频仿真信号环境监测系统及方法
CN110637393A (zh) * 2017-06-05 2019-12-31 日立汽车系统株式会社 天线、阵列天线、雷达装置及车载系统
CN110637393B (zh) * 2017-06-05 2021-05-11 日立汽车系统株式会社 天线、阵列天线、雷达装置及车载系统
CN112204360A (zh) * 2018-07-10 2021-01-08 Vega格里沙贝两合公司 用于测量容器中物位的物位雷达天线装置
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US11841261B2 (en) * 2018-07-10 2023-12-12 Vega Grieshaber Kg Fill state radar antenna assembly for measuring the fill state in a container

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