WO2014017523A1 - 水滴検出装置及び水滴検出装置を用いた立体物検出装置 - Google Patents
水滴検出装置及び水滴検出装置を用いた立体物検出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014017523A1 WO2014017523A1 PCT/JP2013/070012 JP2013070012W WO2014017523A1 WO 2014017523 A1 WO2014017523 A1 WO 2014017523A1 JP 2013070012 W JP2013070012 W JP 2013070012W WO 2014017523 A1 WO2014017523 A1 WO 2014017523A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water droplet detection device and a three-dimensional object detection device using the water droplet detection device.
- a first focal length for short distance for imaging raindrops attached to the vehicle and a second focal length for long distance for imaging the periphery of the vehicle
- a camera unit capable of switching the focal length of the lens between the first focal length and the second focal length, and when detecting the presence or absence of raindrops, the first focal length is switched to the vehicle.
- a switch to the second focal length is known (see Patent Document 1).
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a water droplet detection device capable of detecting a water droplet without causing a non-detection period and a three-dimensional object detection device using the water droplet detection device.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problem by detecting whether or not water droplets have adhered to the imaging optical system of the imaging means, and when the water droplets have adhered, the vehicle is controlled according to the state.
- the vehicle by controlling the vehicle according to the state of water droplet adhesion, for example, when there are many water droplets attached, removing the water droplets or suppressing detection of a three-dimensional object or other vehicle, A three-dimensional object can be detected while preventing erroneous detection due to water droplets.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment to which a three-dimensional object detection device of the present invention is applied. It is a top view (three-dimensional object detection by difference waveform information) which shows the driving state of the vehicle of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the detail of 1st Embodiment of the computer of FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the outline of processing of the alignment unit in FIG. 3, in which FIG. 3A is a plan view showing a moving state of the vehicle, and FIG. It is the schematic which shows the mode of the production
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart (No.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a positional relationship among attention lines, reference lines, attention points, and reference points in a bird's-eye view image
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the attention line, reference line, attention point, and reference point.
- 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the detailed operation of the luminance difference calculation unit in FIG. 3, in which FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a detection region in a bird's-eye view image, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of a reference point.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart (part 1) illustrating a three-dimensional object detection method using edge information executed by a viewpoint conversion unit, a luminance difference calculation unit, an edge line detection unit, and a second three-dimensional object detection unit in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart (part 1) illustrating a three-dimensional object detection method using edge information executed by a viewpoint conversion unit, a luminance difference calculation unit, an edge line detection unit, and a second three-dimensional object detection unit in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart (part 2) illustrating the three-dimensional object detection method using edge information executed by the viewpoint conversion unit, the luminance difference calculation unit, the edge line detection unit, and the second three-dimensional object detection unit of FIG. 3. It is a figure which shows the example of an image for demonstrating edge detection operation
- FIG. 10 is a diagram (No. 1) for describing another example of the processing of the alignment unit in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram (No. 2) for describing another example of the processing of the alignment unit in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram (No. 10 is a diagram (No. 10 is a diagram (No. 10 is a diagram (No.).
- FIG. 3 For describing another example of the process of the alignment unit in FIG. 3; It is a block diagram which shows the detail of 2nd Embodiment of the computer of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the control procedure of the solid-object judgment part of FIG. It is an example of the control map which shows the relationship between the 1st threshold value (alpha) and the 2nd threshold value (beta) with respect to the number of water droplets. It is another example of the control map which shows the relationship between the 1st threshold value (alpha) and the 2nd threshold value (beta) with respect to the number of water droplets.
- control map which shows the relationship between the 1st threshold value (alpha) and the 2nd threshold value (beta) with respect to the number of water droplets. It is another example of the control map which shows the relationship between the 1st threshold value (alpha) and the 2nd threshold value (beta) with respect to the number of water droplets.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment to which a three-dimensional object detection device 1 of the present invention is applied.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 of the present example is in contact with the host vehicle V when changing lanes. The purpose is to detect other vehicles with potential and calculate the travel distance. For this reason, the example demonstrated below shall show the example which mounts the solid-object detection apparatus 1 in the vehicle V, and makes a succeeding vehicle the solid object of a detection target.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 of this example includes a camera 10, a vehicle speed sensor 20, a calculator 30, and a water droplet detection unit 40.
- the camera 10 is attached to the vehicle V so that the optical axis is at an angle ⁇ from the horizontal to the lower side at the height h at the rear of the vehicle V.
- the camera 10 captures an image of a predetermined area in the surrounding environment of the vehicle V from this position.
- the vehicle speed sensor 20 detects the traveling speed of the vehicle V, and calculates the vehicle speed from the wheel speed detected by, for example, a wheel speed sensor that detects the rotational speed of the wheel.
- the computer 30 detects a three-dimensional object behind the vehicle, and calculates a moving distance and a moving speed for the three-dimensional object in this example.
- the water droplet detection unit 40 detects the presence or absence of water droplets such as raindrops attached to a photographing optical system such as the lens of the camera 10, and details thereof will be described later.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a traveling state of the vehicle V in FIG.
- the camera 10 images the vehicle rear side at a predetermined angle of view a.
- the angle of view a of the camera 10 is set to an angle of view at which the left and right lanes can be imaged in addition to the lane in which the host vehicle V travels.
- a first embodiment of a three-dimensional object detection device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 30, and a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 31 to 36.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing details of the computer 30 of FIG.
- the camera 10, the vehicle speed sensor 20, the water droplet detection unit 40, and the water droplet removal device 41 are also illustrated in order to clarify the connection relationship.
- the computer 30 includes a viewpoint conversion unit 31, an alignment unit 32, a first three-dimensional object detection unit 33, a smear detection unit 34, a luminance difference calculation unit 35, and an edge line detection unit 36.
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31, the smear detection unit 34, the alignment unit 32, and the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 are components related to the three-dimensional object detection block A using differential waveform information described later, and the viewpoint conversion unit 31.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35, the edge line detection unit 36, and the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 are components related to the three-dimensional object detection block B using edge information described later.
- each component will be described first.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 detects a three-dimensional object existing in the right detection area or the left detection area behind the vehicle based on image information obtained by the monocular camera 1 that images the rear of the vehicle.
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31 inputs captured image data of a predetermined area obtained by imaging with the camera 10, and converts the viewpoint of the input captured image data into bird's-eye image data in a bird's-eye view state.
- the state viewed from a bird's-eye view is a state viewed from the viewpoint of a virtual camera looking down from above, for example, vertically downward.
- This viewpoint conversion can be executed as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-219063.
- the viewpoint conversion of captured image data to bird's-eye view image data is based on the principle that a vertical edge peculiar to a three-dimensional object is converted into a straight line group passing through a specific fixed point by viewpoint conversion to bird's-eye view image data. This is because a planar object and a three-dimensional object can be distinguished if used. Note that the result of the image conversion processing by the viewpoint conversion unit 31 is also used in detection of a three-dimensional object by edge information described later.
- the alignment unit 32 sequentially inputs the bird's-eye image data obtained by the viewpoint conversion of the viewpoint conversion unit 31, and aligns the positions of the inputted bird's-eye image data at different times.
- 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the outline of the processing of the alignment unit 32, where FIG. 4A is a plan view showing the moving state of the vehicle V, and FIG. 4B is an image showing the outline of the alignment.
- the host vehicle V at the current time is located at V1, and the host vehicle V one hour before is located at V2.
- the other vehicle V is located in the rear direction of the own vehicle V and is in parallel with the own vehicle V, the other vehicle V at the current time is located at V3, and the other vehicle V one hour before is located at V4.
- the host vehicle V has moved a distance d at one time.
- “one hour before” may be a past time for a predetermined time (for example, one control cycle) from the current time, or may be a past time for an arbitrary time.
- the bird's-eye image PB t at the current time is as shown in Figure 4 (b).
- the bird's-eye image PB t becomes a rectangular shape for the white line drawn on the road surface, but a relatively accurate is a plan view state, tilting occurs about the other vehicle V3.
- the white line drawn on the road surface has a rectangular shape and is relatively accurately viewed in plan, but the other vehicle V4 falls down.
- the vertical edges of solid objects are straight lines along the collapse direction by the viewpoint conversion processing to bird's-eye view image data. This is because the plane image on the road surface does not include a vertical edge, but such a fall does not occur even when the viewpoint is changed.
- the alignment unit 32 performs alignment of the bird's-eye images PB t and PB t ⁇ 1 as described above on the data. At this time, the alignment unit 32 is offset a bird's-eye view image PB t-1 before one unit time, to match the position and bird's-eye view image PB t at the current time.
- the image on the left side and the center image in FIG. 4B show a state that is offset by the movement distance d ′.
- This offset amount d ′ is a movement amount on the bird's-eye view image data corresponding to the actual movement distance d of the host vehicle V shown in FIG. It is determined based on the time until the time.
- the alignment unit 32 takes the difference between the bird's-eye images PB t and PB t ⁇ 1 and generates data of the difference image PD t .
- the pixel value of the difference image PD t may be an absolute value of the difference between the pixel values of the bird's-eye images PB t and PB t ⁇ 1 , and the absolute value is predetermined in order to cope with a change in the illuminance environment. “1” may be set when the threshold value is exceeded, and “0” may be set when the threshold value is not exceeded.
- the image on the right side of FIG. 4B is the difference image PD t .
- the alignment unit 32 of this example aligns the positions of the bird's-eye view images at different times on the bird's-eye view, and obtains the aligned bird's-eye view images.
- it can be performed with accuracy according to the required detection accuracy. It may be a strict alignment process such as aligning positions based on the same time and the same position, or may be a loose alignment process that grasps the coordinates of each bird's-eye view image.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 detects a three-dimensional object based on the data of the difference image PD t shown in FIG. At this time, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 of this example also calculates the movement distance of the three-dimensional object in the real space. In detecting the three-dimensional object and calculating the movement distance, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 first generates a differential waveform. Note that the moving distance of the three-dimensional object per time is used for calculating the moving speed of the three-dimensional object. The moving speed of the three-dimensional object can be used to determine whether or not the three-dimensional object is a vehicle.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 sets a detection region in the difference image PD t .
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 of the present example is another vehicle VX that the driver of the host vehicle V pays attention to.
- the lane in which the host vehicle V that may be contacted when the host vehicle V changes lanes travels.
- the other vehicle VX traveling in the next lane is detected as a detection target.
- two detection areas are set on the right side and the left side of the host vehicle V in the image obtained by the camera 1.
- rectangular detection areas A1 and A2 are set on the rear side of the host vehicle V as shown in FIG.
- the other vehicle VX detected in the detection areas A1 and A2 is detected as an obstacle traveling in the adjacent lane adjacent to the lane in which the host vehicle V is traveling.
- Such detection areas A1 and A2 may be set from a relative position with respect to the host vehicle V, or may be set based on the position of the white line.
- the movement distance detection device 1 may use, for example, an existing white line recognition technique.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 recognizes the sides (sides along the traveling direction) of the set detection areas A1 and A2 on the own vehicle V side as the ground lines L1 and L2.
- the ground line means a line in which the three-dimensional object contacts the ground.
- the ground line is set as described above, not a line in contact with the ground. Even in this case, from experience, the difference between the ground wire according to the present embodiment and the ground wire obtained from the position of the other vehicle V is not too large, and there is no problem in practical use.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating how a differential waveform is generated by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 starts from the portion corresponding to the detection areas A1 and A2 in the difference image PD t (right diagram in FIG. 4B) calculated by the alignment unit 32.
- a differential waveform DW t is generated.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 generates a differential waveform DW t along the direction in which the three-dimensional object falls due to viewpoint conversion.
- the difference waveform DW t is generated for the detection area A2 in the same procedure.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 defines a line La in the direction in which the three-dimensional object falls on the data of the difference image PD t . Then, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 counts the number of difference pixels DP indicating a predetermined difference on the line La.
- the difference pixel DP indicating a predetermined difference exceeds a predetermined threshold when the pixel value of the difference image PDt is an absolute value of the difference between the pixel values of the bird's-eye images PB t and PB t ⁇ 1.
- the pixel value of the difference image PDt is expressed by “0” and “1”, the pixel indicates “1”.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 counts the number of difference pixels DP and then obtains an intersection CP between the line La and the ground line L1. Then, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 associates the intersection point CP with the count number, determines the horizontal axis position based on the position of the intersection point CP, that is, the position on the vertical axis in the right diagram of FIG. The vertical axis position, that is, the position on the horizontal axis in the right diagram of FIG. 5, is determined and plotted as the count number at the intersection CP.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 defines lines Lb, Lc,... In the direction in which the three-dimensional object falls, counts the number of difference pixels DP, and determines the horizontal axis position based on the position of each intersection CP. And the vertical axis position is determined from the count number (number of difference pixels DP) and plotted.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 generates the differential waveform DW t as shown in the right diagram of FIG.
- the line La and the line Lb in the direction in which the three-dimensional object collapses have different distances overlapping the detection area A1. For this reason, if the detection area A1 is filled with the difference pixels DP, the number of difference pixels DP is larger on the line La than on the line Lb. For this reason, when the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 determines the vertical axis position from the count number of the difference pixels DP, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 is based on the distance at which the lines La and Lb in the direction in which the three-dimensional object falls and the detection area A1 overlap. Normalize. As a specific example, in the left diagram of FIG.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 normalizes the count number by dividing it by the overlap distance.
- the difference waveform DW t the line La on the direction the three-dimensional object collapses, the value of the differential waveform DW t corresponding to Lb is substantially the same.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates the movement distance by comparison with the difference waveform DW t ⁇ 1 one time before. That is, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates the movement distance from the time change of the difference waveforms DW t and DW t ⁇ 1 .
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 divides the differential waveform DW t into a plurality of small areas DW t1 to DW tn (n is an arbitrary integer equal to or greater than 2) as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the small areas DW t1 to DW tn divided by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33.
- the small areas DW t1 to DW tn are divided so as to overlap each other, for example, as shown in FIG. For example, the small area DW t1 and the small area DW t2 overlap, and the small area DW t2 and the small area DW t3 overlap.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 obtains an offset amount (a movement amount of the differential waveform in the horizontal axis direction (vertical direction in FIG. 6)) for each of the small regions DW t1 to DW tn .
- the offset amount is determined from the difference between the differential waveform DW t in the difference waveform DW t-1 and the current time before one unit time (distance in the horizontal axis direction).
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 for each small area DW t1 ⁇ DW tn, when moving the differential waveform DW t1 before one unit time in the horizontal axis direction, the differential waveform DW t at the current time Is determined as the offset (the position in the horizontal axis direction), and the amount of movement in the horizontal axis between the original position of the differential waveform DW t ⁇ 1 and the position where the error is minimum is determined. Then, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 counts the offset amount obtained for each of the small areas DW t1 to DW tn and forms a histogram.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a histogram obtained by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33.
- the offset amount which is the amount of movement that minimizes the error between each of the small areas DW t1 to DW tn and the differential waveform DW t ⁇ 1 one time before, has some variation.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 forms a histogram of offset amounts including variations, and calculates a movement distance from the histogram.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates the movement distance of the three-dimensional object from the maximum value of the histogram. That is, in the example illustrated in FIG.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates the offset amount indicating the maximum value of the histogram as the movement distance ⁇ * .
- the moving distance ⁇ * is a relative moving distance of the other vehicle V with respect to the host vehicle V. For this reason, when calculating the absolute movement distance, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates the absolute movement distance based on the obtained movement distance ⁇ * and the signal from the vehicle speed sensor 20. .
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 weights each of the plurality of small areas DW t1 to DW tn and counts the offset amount obtained for each of the small areas DW t1 to DW tn according to the weight.
- a histogram may be formed.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating weighting by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33.
- the small area DW m (m is an integer of 1 to n ⁇ 1) is flat. That is, in the small area DW m , the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the number of pixels indicating a predetermined difference is small.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 to reduce the weight for such small area DW m. This is because the flat small area DW m has no characteristics and is likely to have a large error in calculating the offset amount.
- the small region DW m + k (k is an integer equal to or less than nm) is rich in undulations. That is, in the small area DW m , the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the number of pixels indicating a predetermined difference is large.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 increases the weight for such small area DW m. This is because the small region DW m + k rich in undulations is characteristic and there is a high possibility that the offset amount can be accurately calculated. By weighting in this way, the calculation accuracy of the movement distance can be improved.
- the differential waveform DW t is divided into a plurality of small areas DW t1 to DW tn in order to improve the calculation accuracy of the movement distance.
- the small area DW t1 is divided. It is not necessary to divide into ⁇ DW tn .
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates the movement distance from the offset amount of the differential waveform DW t when the error between the differential waveform DW t and the differential waveform DW t ⁇ 1 is minimized. That is, the method for obtaining the offset amount of the difference waveform DW t in the difference waveform DW t-1 and the current time before one unit time is not limited to the above disclosure.
- the computer 30 includes a smear detection unit 34.
- the smear detection unit 34 detects a smear occurrence region from data of a captured image obtained by imaging with the camera 10. Since smear is a whiteout phenomenon that occurs in a CCD image sensor or the like, the smear detector 34 may be omitted when the camera 10 using a CMOS image sensor or the like in which such smear does not occur.
- FIG. 9 is an image diagram for explaining the processing by the smear detection unit 34 and the calculation processing of the differential waveform DW t thereby.
- data of the captured image P in which the smear S exists is input to the smear detection unit 34.
- the smear detection unit 34 detects the smear S from the captured image P.
- There are various methods for detecting the smear S For example, in the case of a general CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) camera, the smear S is generated only in the downward direction of the image from the light source.
- CCD Charge-Coupled Device
- a region having a luminance value equal to or higher than a predetermined value from the lower side of the image to the upper side of the image and continuous in the vertical direction is searched, and this is identified as a smear S generation region.
- the smear detection unit 34 generates smear image SP data in which the pixel value is set to “1” for the place where the smear S is generated and the other place is set to “0”. After the generation, the smear detection unit 34 transmits the data of the smear image SP to the viewpoint conversion unit 31.
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31 to which the data of the smear image SP is input converts the viewpoint into a state of bird's-eye view.
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31 generates data of the smear bird's-eye view image SB t .
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31 transmits the data of the smear bird's-eye view image SB t to the alignment unit 32.
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31 transmits the data of the smear bird's-eye view image SB t ⁇ 1 one hour before to the alignment unit 32.
- the alignment unit 32 aligns the smear bird's-eye images SB t and SB t ⁇ 1 on the data.
- the specific alignment is the same as the case where the alignment of the bird's-eye images PB t and PB t ⁇ 1 is executed on the data.
- the alignment unit 32 performs a logical sum on the smear S generation region of each smear bird's-eye view image SB t , SB t ⁇ 1 . Thereby, the alignment part 32 produces
- the alignment unit 32 transmits the data of the mask image MP to the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 sets the count number of the frequency distribution to zero for the portion corresponding to the smear S generation region in the mask image MP. That is, when the differential waveform DW t as shown in FIG. 9 is generated, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 sets the count number SC by the smear S to zero and generates a corrected differential waveform DW t ′. It will be.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 obtains the moving speed of the vehicle V (camera 10), and obtains the offset amount for the stationary object from the obtained moving speed. After obtaining the offset amount of the stationary object, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 ignores the offset amount corresponding to the stationary object among the maximum values of the histogram and calculates the moving distance of the three-dimensional object.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating another example of the histogram obtained by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33.
- two maximum values ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 appear in the obtained histogram.
- one of the two maximum values ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 is the offset amount of the stationary object.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 obtains the offset amount for the stationary object from the moving speed, ignores the maximum value corresponding to the offset amount, and adopts the remaining one maximum value to move the three-dimensional object movement distance. Is calculated.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 stops calculating the movement distance.
- 11 and 12 are flowcharts showing the three-dimensional object detection procedure of this embodiment.
- the computer 30 inputs data of an image P captured by the camera 10 and generates a smear image SP by the smear detection unit 34 (S1).
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31 generates data of the bird's-eye view image PB t from the data of the captured image P from the camera 10, and also generates data of the smear bird's-eye view image SB t from the data of the smear image SP (S2).
- the alignment unit 32 aligns the data of the bird's-eye view image PB t and the data of the bird's-eye view image PB t ⁇ 1 of the previous time, and the data of the smear bird's-eye view image SB t and the smear bird's-eye view of the previous time.
- the data of the image SB t-1 is aligned (S3).
- the alignment unit 32 generates data for the difference image PD t and also generates data for the mask image MP (S4).
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33, the data of the difference image PD t, and a one unit time before the difference image PD t-1 of the data generates a difference waveform DW t (S5).
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 After generating the differential waveform DW t , the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 sets the count number corresponding to the smear S generation region in the differential waveform DW t to zero, and suppresses the influence of the smear S (S6).
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 determines whether or not the peak of the differential waveform DW t is greater than or equal to the first threshold value ⁇ (S7).
- the first threshold value ⁇ is obtained and set in advance by experiments or the like, but may be set by the three-dimensional object determination unit 38 shown in FIG.
- the peak of the difference waveform DW t is not equal to or greater than the first threshold value ⁇ , that is, when there is almost no difference, it is considered that there is no three-dimensional object in the captured image P.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 determines that there is no three-dimensional object and no other vehicle exists. (FIG. 12: S16). Then, the processes shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 are terminated.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 determines that a three-dimensional object exists, and sets the difference waveform DW t as the difference waveform DW t .
- the area is divided into a plurality of small areas DW t1 to DW tn (S8).
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 performs weighting for each of the small areas DW t1 to DW tn (S9).
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates an offset amount for each of the small areas DW t1 to DW tn (S10), and generates a histogram with the weights added (S11).
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates a relative movement distance that is a movement distance of the three-dimensional object with respect to the host vehicle V based on the histogram (S12). Next, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates the absolute movement speed of the three-dimensional object from the relative movement distance (S13). At this time, the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 calculates the relative movement speed by differentiating the relative movement distance with respect to time, and calculates the absolute movement speed by adding the own vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 20.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 determines whether the absolute movement speed of the three-dimensional object is 10 km / h or more and the relative movement speed of the three-dimensional object with respect to the host vehicle V is +60 km / h or less (S14). ). When both are satisfied (S14: YES), the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 determines that the three-dimensional object is the other vehicle V (S15). Then, the processes shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 are terminated. On the other hand, when neither one is satisfied (S14: NO), the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 determines that there is no other vehicle (S16). Then, the processes shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 are terminated.
- the rear side of the host vehicle V is set as the detection areas A1 and A2, and the vehicle V travels in the adjacent lane that travels next to the travel lane of the host vehicle to which attention should be paid while traveling.
- Emphasis is placed on detecting the vehicle VX, in particular, whether or not there is a possibility of contact when the host vehicle V changes lanes. This is to determine whether or not there is a possibility of contact with another vehicle VX traveling in the adjacent lane adjacent to the traveling lane of the own vehicle when the own vehicle V changes lanes. For this reason, the process of step S14 is performed.
- step S14 it is determined whether the absolute moving speed of the three-dimensional object is 10 km / h or more and the relative moving speed of the three-dimensional object with respect to the vehicle V is +60 km / h or less.
- the absolute moving speed of the stationary object may be detected to be several km / h. Therefore, the possibility of determining that the stationary object is the other vehicle V can be reduced by determining whether the speed is 10 km / h or more.
- the relative speed of the three-dimensional object with respect to the host vehicle V may be detected at a speed exceeding +60 km / h. Therefore, the possibility of erroneous detection due to noise can be reduced by determining whether the relative speed is +60 km / h or less.
- step S14 it may be determined that the absolute movement speed is not negative or not 0 km / h. Further, in the present embodiment, since emphasis is placed on whether or not there is a possibility of contact when the host vehicle V changes lanes, when the other vehicle V is detected in step S15, the driver of the host vehicle is notified. A warning sound may be emitted or a display corresponding to a warning may be performed by a predetermined display device.
- the number of pixels indicating a predetermined difference is counted on the data of the difference image PD t along the direction in which the three-dimensional object falls by viewpoint conversion.
- the difference waveform DW t is generated by frequency distribution.
- the pixel indicating the predetermined difference on the data of the difference image PD t is a pixel that has changed in an image at a different time, in other words, a place where a three-dimensional object exists.
- the difference waveform DW t is generated by counting the number of pixels along the direction in which the three-dimensional object collapses and performing frequency distribution at the location where the three-dimensional object exists.
- the differential waveform DW t is generated from the information in the height direction for the three-dimensional object. Then, the moving distance of the three-dimensional object is calculated from the time change of the differential waveform DW t including the information in the height direction. For this reason, compared with the case where only one point of movement is focused on, the detection location before the time change and the detection location after the time change are specified including information in the height direction. The same location is likely to be obtained, and the movement distance is calculated from the time change of the same location, so that the calculation accuracy of the movement distance can be improved.
- the count number of the frequency distribution is set to zero for the portion corresponding to the smear S generation region in the differential waveform DW t .
- the waveform portion generated by the smear S in the differential waveform DW t is removed, and a situation in which the smear S is mistaken as a three-dimensional object can be prevented.
- the moving distance of the three-dimensional object is calculated from the offset amount of the differential waveform DW t when the error of the differential waveform DW t generated at different times is minimized. For this reason, the movement distance is calculated from the offset amount of the one-dimensional information called the waveform, and the calculation cost can be suppressed in calculating the movement distance.
- the differential waveform DW t generated at different times is divided into a plurality of small regions DW t1 to DW tn .
- a plurality of waveforms representing respective portions of the three-dimensional object are obtained.
- weighting is performed for each of the plurality of small areas DW t1 to DW tn , and the offset amount obtained for each of the small areas DW t1 to DW tn is counted according to the weight to form a histogram. For this reason, the moving distance can be calculated more appropriately by increasing the weight for the characteristic area and decreasing the weight for the non-characteristic area. Therefore, the calculation accuracy of the moving distance can be further improved.
- the weight is increased as the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the number of pixels indicating a predetermined difference increases. For this reason, the characteristic undulation region having a large difference between the maximum value and the minimum value has a larger weight, and the flat region having a small undulation has a smaller weight.
- the moving distance is calculated by increasing the weight in the area where the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is large. The accuracy can be further improved.
- the moving distance of the three-dimensional object is calculated from the maximum value of the histogram obtained by counting the offset amount obtained for each of the small areas DW t1 to DW tn . For this reason, even if there is a variation in the offset amount, a more accurate movement distance can be calculated from the maximum value.
- the offset amount for a stationary object is obtained and this offset amount is ignored, it is possible to prevent a situation in which the calculation accuracy of the moving distance of the three-dimensional object is lowered due to the stationary object.
- the calculation of the moving distance of the three-dimensional object is stopped. For this reason, it is possible to prevent a situation in which an erroneous movement distance having a plurality of maximum values is calculated.
- the vehicle speed of the host vehicle V is determined based on a signal from the speed sensor 20, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the speed may be estimated from a plurality of images at different times. In this case, a vehicle speed sensor becomes unnecessary, and the configuration can be simplified.
- the captured image at the current time and the image one hour before are converted into a bird's-eye view, the converted bird's-eye view is aligned, the difference image PD t is generated, and the generated difference image PD
- t is evaluated along the falling direction (the falling direction of the three-dimensional object when the captured image is converted into a bird's eye view)
- the differential waveform DW t is generated, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the differential waveform DW t may be generated by evaluating along the direction corresponding to the falling direction (that is, the direction in which the falling direction is converted into the direction on the captured image).
- the difference image PD t is generated from the difference between the two images subjected to the alignment, and the difference image PD t is converted into a bird's eye view
- the bird's-eye view does not necessarily have to be clearly generated as long as the evaluation can be performed along the direction in which the user falls.
- a difference image between them is obtained. It generates a PD t, but generates a difference waveform DW t by evaluating along a direction corresponding to the direction collapsing the difference image PD t as shown in FIG. 5, the current time and one time before the bird's-eye image data PB t 1 and PB t ⁇ 1 are respectively evaluated along a direction corresponding to the falling direction as shown in FIG. 5 to generate a differential waveform DW t at the current time and one hour before, respectively.
- the waveforms may be aligned as shown in FIG. 4B, and final difference waveform information may be generated from the difference between these two difference waveforms.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are diagrams illustrating an imaging range and the like of the camera 10 in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 13A is a plan view
- FIG. 13B is a perspective view in real space on the rear side from the host vehicle V1. Show.
- the camera 10 has a predetermined angle of view a, and images the rear side from the host vehicle V1 included in the predetermined angle of view a.
- the angle of view a of the camera 10 is set so that the imaging range of the camera 10 includes the adjacent lane in addition to the lane in which the host vehicle V1 travels.
- the detection areas A1 and A2 in this example are trapezoidal in a plan view (when viewed from a bird's eye), and the positions, sizes, and shapes of the detection areas A1 and A2 are determined based on the distances d 1 to d 4. Is done.
- the detection areas A1 and A2 in the example shown in the figure are not limited to a trapezoidal shape, and may be other shapes such as a rectangle when viewed from a bird's eye view as shown in FIG.
- the distance d1 is a distance from the host vehicle V1 to the ground lines L1 and L2.
- the ground lines L1 and L2 mean lines on which a three-dimensional object existing in the lane adjacent to the lane in which the host vehicle V1 travels contacts the ground.
- an object is to detect other vehicles V2 and the like (including two-wheeled vehicles and the like) traveling in the left and right lanes adjacent to the lane of the host vehicle V1 on the rear side of the host vehicle V1.
- a distance d1 which is a position to be the ground lines L1 and L2 of the other vehicle V2 is calculated from a distance d11 from the own vehicle V1 to the white line W and a distance d12 from the white line W to a position where the other vehicle V2 is predicted to travel. It can be determined substantially fixedly.
- the distance d1 is not limited to being fixedly determined, and may be variable.
- the computer 30 recognizes the position of the white line W with respect to the host vehicle V1 by a technique such as white line recognition, and determines the distance d11 based on the recognized position of the white line W.
- the distance d1 is variably set using the determined distance d11.
- the distance d1 is It shall be fixedly determined.
- the distance d2 is a distance extending in the vehicle traveling direction from the rear end portion of the host vehicle V1.
- the distance d2 is determined so that the detection areas A1 and A2 are at least within the angle of view a of the camera 10.
- the distance d2 is set so as to be in contact with the range divided into the angle of view a.
- the distance d3 is a distance indicating the length of the detection areas A1, A2 in the vehicle traveling direction. This distance d3 is determined based on the size of the three-dimensional object to be detected. In the present embodiment, since the detection target is the other vehicle V2 or the like, the distance d3 is set to a length including the other vehicle V2.
- the distance d4 is a distance indicating a height set so as to include a tire such as the other vehicle V2 in the real space, as shown in FIG. 13B.
- the distance d4 is a length shown in FIG. 13A in the bird's-eye view image.
- the distance d4 may be a length that does not include a lane that is further adjacent to the left and right adjacent lanes in the bird's-eye view image (that is, a lane that is adjacent to two lanes). If the lane adjacent to the two lanes is included from the lane of the own vehicle V1, there is another vehicle V2 in the adjacent lane on the left and right of the own lane that is the lane in which the own vehicle V1 is traveling. This is because it becomes impossible to distinguish whether the other vehicle V2 exists.
- the distances d1 to d4 are determined, and thereby the positions, sizes, and shapes of the detection areas A1 and A2 are determined. More specifically, the position of the upper side b1 of the detection areas A1 and A2 forming a trapezoid is determined by the distance d1. The starting point position C1 of the upper side b1 is determined by the distance d2. The end point position C2 of the upper side b1 is determined by the distance d3. The side b2 of the detection areas A1 and A2 having a trapezoidal shape is determined by a straight line L3 extending from the camera 10 toward the starting point position C1.
- a side b3 of trapezoidal detection areas A1 and A2 is determined by a straight line L4 extending from the camera 10 toward the end position C2.
- the position of the lower side b4 of the detection areas A1 and A2 having a trapezoidal shape is determined by the distance d4.
- the areas surrounded by the sides b1 to b4 are set as the detection areas A1 and A2.
- the detection areas A1 and A2 are true squares (rectangles) in the real space on the rear side from the host vehicle V1.
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31 inputs captured image data of a predetermined area obtained by imaging with the camera 10.
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31 performs viewpoint conversion processing on the input captured image data to the bird's-eye image data in a bird's-eye view state.
- the bird's-eye view is a state seen from the viewpoint of a virtual camera looking down from above, for example, vertically downward (or slightly obliquely downward).
- This viewpoint conversion process can be realized by a technique described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-219063.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 calculates a luminance difference with respect to the bird's-eye view image data subjected to viewpoint conversion by the viewpoint conversion unit 31 in order to detect the edge of the three-dimensional object included in the bird's-eye view image. For each of a plurality of positions along a vertical imaginary line extending in the vertical direction in the real space, the brightness difference calculating unit 35 calculates a brightness difference between two pixels in the vicinity of each position.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 can calculate the luminance difference by either a method of setting only one vertical virtual line extending in the vertical direction in the real space or a method of setting two vertical virtual lines.
- the brightness difference calculation unit 35 applies a first vertical imaginary line corresponding to a line segment extending in the vertical direction in the real space and a vertical direction in the real space different from the first vertical imaginary line with respect to the bird's-eye view image that has undergone viewpoint conversion.
- a second vertical imaginary line corresponding to the extending line segment is set.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 continuously obtains a luminance difference between a point on the first vertical imaginary line and a point on the second vertical imaginary line along the first vertical imaginary line and the second vertical imaginary line.
- the operation of the luminance difference calculation unit 35 will be described in detail.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 corresponds to a line segment extending in the vertical direction in the real space and passes through the detection area A1 (hereinafter referred to as the attention line La).
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 corresponds to a line segment extending in the vertical direction in the real space and also passes through the second vertical virtual line Lr (hereinafter referred to as a reference line Lr) passing through the detection area A1.
- the reference line Lr is set at a position separated from the attention line La by a predetermined distance in the real space.
- the line corresponding to the line segment extending in the vertical direction in the real space is a line that spreads radially from the position Ps of the camera 10 in the bird's-eye view image.
- This radially extending line is a line along the direction in which the three-dimensional object falls when converted to bird's-eye view.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets the attention point Pa (point on the first vertical imaginary line) on the attention line La.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets a reference point Pr (a point on the second vertical plate) on the reference line Lr.
- the attention line La, the attention point Pa, the reference line Lr, and the reference point Pr have the relationship shown in FIG. 14B in the real space.
- the attention line La and the reference line Lr are lines extending in the vertical direction in the real space, and the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr are substantially the same height in the real space. This is the point that is set.
- the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr do not necessarily have the same height, and an error that allows the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr to be regarded as the same height is allowed.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 obtains a luminance difference between the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr. If the luminance difference between the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr is large, it is considered that an edge exists between the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr. Therefore, the edge line detection unit 36 shown in FIG. 3 detects an edge line based on the luminance difference between the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a detailed operation of the luminance difference calculation unit 35, in which FIG. 15 (a) shows a bird's-eye view image in a bird's-eye view state, and FIG. 15 (b) is shown in FIG. 15 (a). It is the figure which expanded a part B1 of the bird's-eye view image. Although only the detection area A1 is illustrated and described in FIG. 15, the luminance difference is calculated in the same procedure for the detection area A2.
- the other vehicle V2 When the other vehicle V2 is reflected in the captured image captured by the camera 10, the other vehicle V2 appears in the detection area A1 in the bird's-eye view image as shown in FIG. As shown in the enlarged view of the area B1 in FIG. 15A in FIG. 15B, it is assumed that the attention line La is set on the rubber part of the tire of the other vehicle V2 on the bird's-eye view image.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 first sets the reference line Lr.
- the reference line Lr is set along the vertical direction at a position away from the attention line La by a predetermined distance in the real space.
- the reference line Lr is set at a position separated from the attention line La by 10 cm in real space.
- the reference line Lr is set on the wheel of the tire of the other vehicle V2 that is separated from the rubber of the tire of the other vehicle V2 by, for example, about 10 cm on the bird's eye view image.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets a plurality of attention points Pa1 to PaN on the attention line La.
- attention point Pai when an arbitrary point is indicated
- the number of attention points Pa set on the attention line La may be arbitrary.
- N attention points Pa are set on the attention line La.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets the reference points Pr1 to PrN so as to be the same height as the attention points Pa1 to PaN in the real space. Then, the luminance difference calculation unit 35 calculates the luminance difference between the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr having the same height. Thereby, the luminance difference calculation unit 35 calculates the luminance difference between the two pixels for each of a plurality of positions (1 to N) along the vertical imaginary line extending in the vertical direction in the real space. For example, the luminance difference calculating unit 35 calculates a luminance difference between the first attention point Pa1 and the first reference point Pr1, and the second difference between the second attention point Pa2 and the second reference point Pr2. Will be calculated.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 continuously calculates the luminance difference along the attention line La and the reference line Lr. That is, the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sequentially obtains the luminance difference between the third to Nth attention points Pa3 to PaN and the third to Nth reference points Pr3 to PrN.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 repeatedly executes the above-described processing such as setting the reference line Lr, setting the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr, and calculating the luminance difference while shifting the attention line La in the detection area A1. That is, the luminance difference calculation unit 35 repeatedly executes the above processing while changing the positions of the attention line La and the reference line Lr by the same distance in the extending direction of the ground line L1 in the real space. For example, the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets the reference line Lr as the reference line Lr in the previous processing, sets the reference line Lr for the attention line La, and sequentially obtains the luminance difference. It will be.
- the edge line detection unit 36 detects an edge line from the continuous luminance difference calculated by the luminance difference calculation unit 35.
- the first attention point Pa ⁇ b> 1 and the first reference point Pr ⁇ b> 1 are located in the same tire portion, and thus the luminance difference is small.
- the second to sixth attention points Pa2 to Pa6 are located in the rubber part of the tire, and the second to sixth reference points Pr2 to Pr6 are located in the wheel part of the tire. Therefore, the luminance difference between the second to sixth attention points Pa2 to Pa6 and the second to sixth reference points Pr2 to Pr6 becomes large. Therefore, the edge line detection unit 36 may detect that an edge line exists between the second to sixth attention points Pa2 to Pa6 and the second to sixth reference points Pr2 to Pr6 having a large luminance difference. it can.
- the edge line detection unit 36 firstly follows the following Equation 1 to determine the i-th attention point Pai (coordinate (xi, yi)) and the i-th reference point Pri (coordinate ( xi ′, yi ′)) and the i th attention point Pai are attributed.
- Equation 1 t represents a threshold value
- I (xi, yi) represents the luminance value of the i-th attention point Pai
- I (xi ′, yi ′) represents the luminance value of the i-th reference point Pri.
- the attribute s (xi, yi) of the attention point Pai is “1”.
- the attribute s (xi, yi) of the attention point Pai is “ ⁇ 1”.
- the edge line detection unit 36 determines whether or not the attention line La is an edge line from the continuity c (xi, yi) of the attribute s along the attention line La based on Equation 2 below.
- the continuity c (xi, yi) is “1”.
- the attribute s (xi, yi) of the attention point Pai is not the same as the attribute s (xi + 1, yi + 1) of the adjacent attention point Pai + 1
- the continuity c (xi, yi) is “0”.
- the edge line detection unit 36 obtains the sum for the continuity c of all the points of interest Pa on the line of interest La.
- the edge line detection unit 36 normalizes the continuity c by dividing the obtained sum of continuity c by the number N of points of interest Pa.
- the edge line detection unit 36 determines that the attention line La is an edge line when the normalized value exceeds the threshold ⁇ .
- the threshold value ⁇ is a value set in advance through experiments or the like.
- the edge line detection unit 36 determines whether or not the attention line La is an edge line based on Equation 3 below. Then, the edge line detection unit 36 determines whether or not all the attention lines La drawn on the detection area A1 are edge lines.
- Equation 3 >> ⁇ c (xi, yi) / N> ⁇
- the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 detects a three-dimensional object based on the amount of edge lines detected by the edge line detection unit 36.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 detects an edge line extending in the vertical direction in real space. The fact that many edge lines extending in the vertical direction are detected means that there is a high possibility that a three-dimensional object exists in the detection areas A1 and A2. For this reason, the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 detects a three-dimensional object based on the amount of edge lines detected by the edge line detection unit 36. Furthermore, prior to detecting the three-dimensional object, the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 determines whether or not the edge line detected by the edge line detection unit 36 is correct.
- the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 determines whether or not the luminance change along the edge line of the bird's-eye view image on the edge line is larger than a predetermined threshold value. When the luminance change of the bird's-eye view image on the edge line is larger than the threshold value, it is determined that the edge line is detected by erroneous determination. On the other hand, when the luminance change of the bird's-eye view image on the edge line is not larger than the threshold value, it is determined that the edge line is correct.
- This threshold value is a value set in advance by experiments or the like.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the luminance distribution of the edge line
- FIG. 16A shows the edge line and luminance distribution when another vehicle V2 as a three-dimensional object exists in the detection area A1
- FIG. Indicates an edge line and a luminance distribution when there is no solid object in the detection area A1.
- the attention line La set in the tire rubber part of the other vehicle V2 is determined to be an edge line in the bird's-eye view image.
- the luminance change of the bird's-eye view image on the attention line La is gentle. This is because the tire of the other vehicle V2 is extended in the bird's-eye view image by converting the image captured by the camera 10 into a bird's-eye view image.
- the attention line La set in the white character portion “50” drawn on the road surface in the bird's-eye view image is erroneously determined as an edge line.
- the brightness change of the bird's-eye view image on the attention line La has a large undulation. This is because a portion with high brightness in white characters and a portion with low brightness such as a road surface are mixed on the edge line.
- the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 determines whether or not the edge line is detected by erroneous determination. When the luminance change along the edge line is larger than a predetermined threshold, the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 determines that the edge line has been detected by erroneous determination. And the said edge line is not used for the detection of a solid object. Thereby, white characters such as “50” on the road surface, weeds on the road shoulder, and the like are determined as edge lines, and the detection accuracy of the three-dimensional object is prevented from being lowered.
- the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 calculates the luminance change of the edge line according to any one of the following mathematical formulas 4 and 5.
- the luminance change of the edge line corresponds to the evaluation value in the vertical direction in the real space.
- Equation 4 evaluates the luminance distribution by the sum of the squares of the differences between the i-th luminance value I (xi, yi) on the attention line La and the adjacent i + 1-th luminance value I (xi + 1, yi + 1).
- Equation 5 evaluates the luminance distribution by the sum of the absolute values of the differences between the i-th luminance value I (xi, yi) on the attention line La and the adjacent i + 1-th luminance value I (xi + 1, yi + 1).
- the threshold value t2 is used to binarize the attribute b of the adjacent luminance value, and the binarized attribute b is summed for all the attention points Pa. Also good.
- the attribute b (xi, yi) of the attention point Pa (xi, yi) is “1”. Become. If the relationship is other than that, the attribute b (xi, yi) of the attention point Pai is '0'.
- This threshold value t2 is set in advance by an experiment or the like in order to determine that the attention line La is not on the same three-dimensional object. Then, the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 sums up the attributes b for all the attention points Pa on the attention line La, obtains an evaluation value in the vertical equivalent direction, and determines whether the edge line is correct.
- 17 and 18 are flowcharts showing details of the three-dimensional object detection method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 for the sake of convenience, the processing for the detection area A1 will be described, but the same processing is executed for the detection area A2.
- step S21 the camera 10 images a predetermined area specified by the angle of view a and the attachment position.
- step S22 the viewpoint conversion unit 31 inputs the captured image data captured by the camera 10 in step S21, performs viewpoint conversion, and generates bird's-eye view image data.
- step S23 the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets the attention line La on the detection area A1. At this time, the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets a line corresponding to a line extending in the vertical direction in the real space as the attention line La.
- luminance difference calculation part 35 sets the reference line Lr on detection area
- step S25 the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets a plurality of attention points Pa on the attention line La.
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets the attention points Pa as many as not causing a problem at the time of edge detection by the edge line detection unit 36.
- step S26 the luminance difference calculation unit 35 sets the reference point Pr so that the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr are substantially the same height in the real space. Thereby, the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr are arranged in a substantially horizontal direction, and it becomes easy to detect an edge line extending in the vertical direction in the real space.
- step S27 the luminance difference calculation unit 35 calculates the luminance difference between the attention point Pa and the reference point Pr that have the same height in the real space.
- the edge line detection unit 36 calculates the attribute s of each attention point Pa in accordance with Equation 1 above.
- step S28 the edge line detection unit 36 calculates the continuity c of the attribute s of each attention point Pa in accordance with Equation 2 above.
- step S29 the edge line detection unit 36 determines whether or not the value obtained by normalizing the total sum of continuity c is greater than the threshold value ⁇ according to the above formula 3.
- the edge line detection unit 36 detects the attention line La as an edge line in step S30. Then, the process proceeds to step S31.
- the edge line detection unit 36 does not detect the attention line La as an edge line, and the process proceeds to step S31.
- the threshold value ⁇ can be set in advance, but can be changed according to a control command from the control unit 39.
- step S31 the computer 30 determines whether or not the processing in steps S23 to S30 has been executed for all the attention lines La that can be set on the detection area A1. If it is determined that the above processing has not been performed for all the attention lines La (S31: NO), the processing returns to step S23, a new attention line La is set, and the processing up to step S31 is repeated. On the other hand, when it is determined that the above process has been performed for all the attention lines La (S31: YES), the process proceeds to step S32 in FIG.
- the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 calculates a luminance change along the edge line for each edge line detected in step S30 of FIG.
- the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 calculates the luminance change of the edge line according to any one of the above formulas 4, 5, and 6.
- Step S33 the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 excludes edge lines whose luminance change is larger than a predetermined threshold from the edge lines. That is, it is determined that an edge line having a large luminance change is not a correct edge line, and the edge line is not used for detecting a three-dimensional object. As described above, this is to prevent characters on the road surface, roadside weeds, and the like included in the detection area A1 from being detected as edge lines. Therefore, the predetermined threshold value is a value set based on a luminance change generated by characters on the road surface, weeds on the road shoulder, or the like obtained in advance by experiments or the like.
- the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 determines whether or not the amount of the edge line is equal to or greater than the second threshold value ⁇ .
- the second threshold value ⁇ is obtained and set in advance through experiments or the like. For example, when a four-wheeled vehicle is set as the three-dimensional object to be detected, the second threshold value ⁇ is set based on the number of edge lines of the four-wheeled vehicle that have appeared in the detection region A1 in advance through experiments or the like.
- the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 detects that a three-dimensional object exists in the detection area A1 in step S35.
- the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 determines that there is no three-dimensional object in the detection area A1. Thereafter, the processing illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18 ends.
- the detected three-dimensional object may be determined to be another vehicle VX that travels in the adjacent lane adjacent to the lane in which the host vehicle V travels, and the relative speed of the detected three-dimensional object with respect to the host vehicle V is taken into consideration. It may be determined whether the vehicle is another vehicle VX traveling in the adjacent lane.
- the second threshold value ⁇ can be set in advance as described above, but can also be changed according to the control command of the control unit 39 shown in FIG.
- the vertical direction in the real space with respect to the bird's-eye view image A vertical imaginary line is set as a line segment extending to. Then, for each of a plurality of positions along the vertical imaginary line, a luminance difference between two pixels in the vicinity of each position can be calculated, and the presence or absence of a three-dimensional object can be determined based on the continuity of the luminance difference.
- the attention line La corresponding to the line segment extending in the vertical direction in the real space and the reference line Lr different from the attention line La are set for the detection areas A1 and A2 in the bird's-eye view image. Then, a luminance difference between the attention point Pa on the attention line La and the reference point Pr on the reference line Lr is continuously obtained along the attention line La and the reference line La. In this way, the luminance difference between the attention line La and the reference line Lr is obtained by continuously obtaining the luminance difference between the points. In the case where the luminance difference between the attention line La and the reference line Lr is high, there is a high possibility that there is an edge of the three-dimensional object at the set position of the attention line La.
- a three-dimensional object can be detected based on a continuous luminance difference.
- the detection accuracy of a three-dimensional object can be improved.
- the luminance difference between two points of approximately the same height near the vertical imaginary line is obtained.
- the luminance difference is obtained from the attention point Pa on the attention line La and the reference point Pr on the reference line Lr, which are substantially the same height in the real space, and thus the luminance when there is an edge extending in the vertical direction. The difference can be detected clearly.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image for explaining the processing of the edge line detection unit 36.
- 102 is an adjacent image.
- a region where the brightness of the first striped pattern 101 is high and a region where the brightness of the second striped pattern 102 is low are adjacent to each other, and a region where the brightness of the first striped pattern 101 is low and the second striped pattern 102. Is adjacent to a region with high brightness.
- the portion 103 located at the boundary between the first striped pattern 101 and the second striped pattern 102 tends not to be perceived as an edge depending on human senses.
- the edge line detection unit 36 determines the part 103 as an edge line only when there is continuity in the attribute of the luminance difference in addition to the luminance difference in the part 103, the edge line detection unit 36 An erroneous determination of recognizing a part 103 that is not recognized as an edge line as a sensation as an edge line can be suppressed, and edge detection according to a human sense can be performed.
- the edge line detection unit 36 when the luminance change of the edge line detected by the edge line detection unit 36 is larger than a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the edge line has been detected by erroneous determination.
- the captured image acquired by the camera 10 is converted into a bird's-eye view image, the three-dimensional object included in the captured image tends to appear in the bird's-eye view image in a stretched state.
- the luminance change of the bird's-eye view image in the stretched direction tends to be small.
- the bird's-eye view image includes a high luminance region such as a character portion and a low luminance region such as a road surface portion.
- the brightness change in the stretched direction tends to increase in the bird's-eye view image. Therefore, by determining the luminance change of the bird's-eye view image along the edge line as in this example, the edge line detected by the erroneous determination can be recognized, and the detection accuracy of the three-dimensional object can be improved.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 of this example uses the detection result by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 and the second three-dimensional object detection unit.
- the three-dimensional object determination unit 38 that finally determines whether or not the object is a three-dimensional object from the detection result of 37, and the water droplet removing device 41 is operated according to the attachment state of the water droplet to the lens detected by the water droplet detection unit 40.
- a control unit 39 a control unit 39.
- FIG. 24A is a perspective view showing the camera 10 which is an imaging means, and is a perspective view seen from the rear left side of the vehicle.
- the camera 10 includes the lens (or protective filter) 11 constituting the photographing optical system.
- the lens 11 which is the surface.
- the water droplet attached to the lens 11 is difficult to extract the contour edge of the water droplet even if the edge of the picked-up image is extracted, and does not affect the detection of the three-dimensional object.
- the surrounding environment is dark as shown in FIG. 5, when the edge of the captured image is extracted, the outline of the water droplet is extracted as edge information and may be erroneously detected as a three-dimensional object.
- the water droplet removing device 41 is operated to remove the water droplets. This prevents a water droplet from being erroneously detected as a three-dimensional object.
- FIG. 26A is a diagram showing a plane on the captured image for explaining a method of detecting the presence or absence of water droplets using the captured image acquired by the camera 10.
- a point of interest is set for all the pixels of the captured image, or for each pixel in a specific region, for example, a pixel in the captured image corresponding to the detection regions A1 and A2 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 26A shows a state where a point of interest is set for a certain pixel.
- a virtual circle having a predetermined radius centered on this point of interest is assumed. This virtual circle corresponds to the outline of the water droplet.
- Many water droplets utilize the fact that their contours are circular due to the surface tension.
- a plurality of inner reference points are set inside the assumed virtual circle, and the outer reference points (on the straight line connecting the point of interest and each inner reference point outside the virtual circle ( 2nd reference point) is set.
- the inner reference point is set at a position away from the point of interest by a diagonal of one pixel
- the outer reference point is at a position away from the point of interest by a diagonal of five pixels.
- the radius of the virtual circle and the setting positions of the inner reference point and the outer reference point can be selected appropriately by empirically obtaining the size and frequency of water droplets attached to the lens.
- a plurality of virtual circle radii that is, an inner reference point and an outer reference point
- the inner reference points a total of five points including the upper central portion, the upper left portion, the upper right portion, the lower left portion, and the lower right portion inside the virtual circle are set.
- a total of five points including an upper central portion outside the virtual circle, an upper left portion, an upper right portion, a lower left portion, and a lower right portion are set.
- the upper center part assumes the rise of water droplets by the headlights of the following vehicles in the same lane
- the upper left part and the upper right portion similarly assume the rise of water drops by the headlights of the following vehicles in the left and right adjacent lanes.
- the left side of the side and the lower right side are assumed to be the rise of water droplets due to the white line at the boundary with the adjacent lane. It is desirable to set at least five inner reference points and outer reference points at these positions, but either the lower left part or the lower right part may be omitted. .
- the distance between the point of interest and each inner reference point is equal, it is not necessary to be equidistant in a strict sense. Further, although it is desirable that the distance between the point of interest and each outer reference point is also equal, it is not necessary to be equidistant in a strict sense.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing a water droplet detection procedure in the water droplet detection unit 40.
- step S51 when a plurality of inner reference points and a plurality of corresponding outer reference points are set for one target point (in this example, all five points), in step S52 these inner reference points are set.
- Luminance values are read from the output signals of the pixels corresponding to the reference point and the outer reference point.
- step S53 it is determined whether or not the luminance values of the five outer reference points are all equal to or less than the first determination value.
- step S54 determines whether all the luminance values are equal to or less than the first determination value. If all the luminance values are equal to or less than the first determination value, the process proceeds to step S54 to execute the next determination. To do. If it is not less than or equal to the first determination value, the process proceeds to step S59, and it is determined that there is no adhesion of water droplets at this point of interest.
- step S54 in order to detect edge information between the inner reference point and the outer reference point corresponding to each other, the difference between the luminance values of the five inner reference points and the luminance values of the corresponding five outer reference points, respectively. Ask for.
- step S55 it is determined whether or not all five luminance differences are equal to or larger than the second determination value. If all luminance differences are equal to or larger than the second determination value, the process proceeds to step S56 and the next determination is made. Execute. If all are not equal to or greater than the second determination value, the process proceeds to step S59, and it is determined that there is no adhesion of water droplets at this point of interest.
- step S56 the luminance difference between the upper left and upper right outer reference points and the luminance difference between the lower left and lower right outer reference points are obtained.
- step S57 it is determined whether or not these two luminance differences are all equal to or smaller than the third determination value. If all the luminance differences are equal to or smaller than the third determination value, the process proceeds to step S58. About a point, it determines with there being adhesion of a water drop. If all are not less than or equal to the third determination value, the process proceeds to step S59, and it is determined that there is no adhesion of water droplets at this point of interest.
- step S60 it is determined whether or not the processing in steps S51 to S59 described above has been executed for all target pixels. If not completed, the process returns to step S51 to set the target point and reference point for the next target pixel. Set and repeat the above process. When the process is completed for all target pixels, the water droplet detection process is terminated.
- the luminance value of the outer reference point is equal to or less than the first determination value (that is, the outside of the virtual circle is sufficiently dark), and the luminance difference between the inner reference point and the outer reference point is the second determination value. That is the above (that is, there is an edge that can be a contour of a water droplet between the inner reference point and the outer reference point), and the luminance difference between the upper and lower left and right is equal to or smaller than the third determination value (that is, left and right)
- the third determination value that is, left and right
- the virtual circle portion is detected as the outline of the water droplet when the edge information is extracted.
- the high possibility that a collection of edge information is recognized as a circle is referred to as the strength of the circularity, and it is determined that the higher the circularity, the higher the possibility of being a water droplet.
- the water droplet removing apparatus 41 of this example includes a cleaning liquid storage tank 411 that accumulates cleaning liquid, a cleaning liquid pump 412 that sends out the cleaning liquid accumulated in the cleaning liquid storage tank 411, and an air pump 414 that sends out compressed air. And a nozzle 416 that discharges cleaning liquid, compressed air, or a mixture of the cleaning liquid and compressed air toward the lens 11 of the camera 10.
- a cleaning liquid pipe 413 that leads the cleaning liquid sent out by the cleaning liquid pump 412 to the secondary tank 417 that accumulates the cleaning liquid, and an air that leads the compressed air sent out by the air pump 414 to the nozzle 416 of the nozzle unit 418.
- a pipe 415 and a control unit 39 that controls the operation of the cleaning liquid pump 412 and the air pump 414 are provided.
- FIG. 24A is a perspective view showing a state in which the water drop removing device 41 of the present example is installed on the camera 10 mounted on the rear portion of the vehicle.
- FIG. A nozzle unit 418 that is fixed to the rear part and cleans the surface of the lens 11 is provided.
- the nozzle unit 418 is provided with a nozzle 416 that ejects cleaning liquid and compressed air toward the lens 11 and a cap 416a.
- the nozzle 416 is provided with two discharge ports 419 for ejecting cleaning liquid and compressed air at the tip thereof. That is, the cleaning liquid and compressed air are ejected from the discharge port 419 of the nozzle 7 toward the surface of the lens 11 to remove foreign matters such as water droplets and mud adhering to the surface of the lens 11.
- FIG. 25 is a partially broken perspective view of the nozzle unit 418 shown in FIG. 24A.
- the nozzle 416 provided on the tip side of the nozzle unit 418 is provided with an air passage 420 for introducing compressed air at the center thereof, and the cleaning liquid is introduced to the left and right sides of the air passage 420.
- Cleaning liquid passages 421a and 421b are provided.
- the air passage 420 and the cleaning fluid passages 421a and 421b have their tips bent substantially at right angles so as to face the surface of the lens 11 of the camera 10.
- a secondary tank 417 for temporarily accumulating the cleaning liquid is provided upstream of the cleaning liquid passages 421a and 421b.
- a plug 417a for connecting the cleaning liquid pipe 413 and a plug 417b for connecting the air pipe 415 are provided, and the plug 417b is located below the secondary tank 417. It is connected to the air passage 420 via the provided flow path. That is, the compressed air introduced into the nozzle unit 418 via the plug 417b is directly introduced into the air passage 420.
- the plug 417a is connected to the secondary tank 417, and the cleaning liquid supplied via the plug 417a flows into the interior from above the secondary tank 417. At this time, the pipe connected from the plug 417a to the secondary tank 417 faces the vertical direction.
- the bottom of the secondary tank 417 is connected to two systems of cleaning liquid passages 421a and 421b. Therefore, the compressed air sent from the air pump 414 shown in FIG. 23 is introduced into the air passage 420 of the nozzle 416 via the air pipe 415, while the cleaning liquid sent from the cleaning liquid pump 412 is the secondary tank. After being accumulated in 417, it is introduced into two systems of cleaning liquid passages 421a and 421b.
- control unit 39 shown in FIG. 23 is connected to a control unit mounted on the vehicle, and various vehicle information such as own vehicle speed information, wiper switch information, washer switch information, shift position information, and headlight switch information.
- vehicle information such as own vehicle speed information, wiper switch information, washer switch information, shift position information, and headlight switch information.
- camera image information that is an image captured by the camera 10 is acquired.
- control unit 39 is based on detection information from the water droplet detection unit 40 that determines whether or not water droplets are attached to the surface of the lens 11 of the camera 10 based on the camera video information, and various vehicle information.
- the cleaning mode of the lens 11 is determined. Further, based on the determined cleaning mode, the driving of the air pump 414 and the driving of the cleaning liquid pump 412 are controlled.
- the water droplet removing device 41 of this example is a pressurized cleaning mode that jets cleaning liquid and compressed air to clean the lens 11, an air blow mode that sends only compressed air and removes water droplets attached to the lens 11, and a cleaning liquid.
- Three continuous water injection modes are set in which the lens 11 is intermittently dripped onto the lens 11 to make it difficult for dirt to adhere to the lens 11. Of the three modes, depending on various conditions such as the dirt state of the lens 11 and the weather condition, etc.
- the camera 10 is effectively cleaned by appropriately selecting and executing any of the above. In the following description, the explanation of the pressure washing mode and the continuous water injection mode is omitted, and the removal of water droplets using the air blow mode related to the present invention will be described.
- the control unit 39 of the present example controls the operation of the water droplet removing device 41 according to the adhesion state of the water droplet. Specifically, the number of water droplets attached is counted, and the air blow operation time is set longer as the number of attached water droplets increases.
- FIG. 21 and 22 are control maps showing an example of setting the air blow OFF interval with respect to the number of water droplets attached.
- FIG. 21 shows an example in which the air blow OFF interval is set shorter as the number of water droplets attached increases.
- FIG. 22A shows an air blow operation time chart when the number of water droplets attached is small, and
- FIG. It is an example of the operation time chart of the air blow when there are many adhesion numbers.
- the time during which the air is blown to the surface of the lens 11 of the camera 10 becomes long, and even if a large amount of water droplets are attached, it can be removed.
- the air blow OFF interval t0 when a small amount of water droplets are attached, by setting the air blow OFF interval t0 to be long, the time during which air is blown to the surface of the lens 11 of the camera 10 is shortened, and the non-detection period is suppressed as much as possible.
- step S 41 the water droplet detection unit 40 detects the adhesion state (number of water droplets) of the water droplets on the lens 11 and outputs the detected state to the control unit 39.
- step S42 is executed only when a water droplet adheres to at least one of the detection regions A1 or A2, and step S42 is not executed when the water droplet does not adhere to any of the detection regions A1 and A2. Also good.
- step S42 May be executed.
- step S42 the control unit 39 sets the air blow OFF time in the air blow mode of the water drop removing device 41 using the detected water droplet adhesion state and the previously stored control map of FIG. 21, and the set condition Execute air blow. Thereby, air blow according to the adhesion state of a water droplet is performed, and the water droplet adhering to the surface of the lens 11 is removed.
- step S43 the three-dimensional object is detected based on the difference waveform information in the above-described procedure.
- step S44 the detection of the three-dimensional object based on the edge information is performed according to the procedure described above.
- the first threshold value ⁇ and the second threshold value ⁇ are set in advance in the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 and the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37, respectively. Yes.
- step S45 it is detected whether it is a three-dimensional object in step S43, and it is determined whether it is detected as a three-dimensional object in step S44, and it is detected that it is a three-dimensional object in any step S43, S44. In that case, the process proceeds to step S46, where it is finally determined that the object is a solid object. If it is detected that the object is not a three-dimensional object in any of steps S43 and S44, the process proceeds to step S47, and it is finally determined that the object is not a three-dimensional object.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 of the present example when a water droplet adheres to the lens 11 of the camera 10, when the detection environment is dark, such as at night, the water droplet is caused by the influence of a streetlight or a headlight.
- the detection environment is dark, such as at night
- the water droplet is caused by the influence of a streetlight or a headlight.
- the differential waveform information is generated by the alignment unit 32 and the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 in FIG. 3, in the above-described embodiment, based on the moving speed of the own vehicle, as shown in FIG.
- the bird's-eye view image and the bird's-eye view image one hour ago are aligned by shifting the position by the moving distance in the real space of the bird's-eye view image, the difference image in this state is obtained, and the difference waveform information is generated from this. It is also possible to use this method.
- the pixel value (edge amount) of the difference image of the captured image with different offset timing is compared with the pixel value (edge amount) of the difference image of the captured image with different timing not offset. It is determined whether the object is a stationary object or a moving object.
- a solid object image Q (T0) is detected in the detection areas A1 and A2 at the past timing T0, and at the current timing T1 after the timing of T0, the detection area A1.
- the subject vehicle V which is the detection subject, moves along the direction B, so that the three-dimensional object detected at the past timing T0 on the image.
- the image Q (T0) moves to the position of the image Q (T1) of the three-dimensional object on the upper side in the drawing of the detection areas A1 and A2.
- the distribution of the pixels or edge components of the solid object image Q (T1) detected at the current timing T1, and the solid object image Q detected at the past timing T0 The distribution of pixels or edge components of the image Q (T0A) of the three-dimensional object offset by a predetermined amount, and the image Q (T0) of the three-dimensional object detected at the past timing T0.
- a pixel or edge component distribution of an image Q (T0B) of a three-dimensional object that is not offset is obtained.
- FIG. 28 the point of interest shown in FIG. 28 will be described in consideration of whether the three-dimensional object is a moving object or a stationary object.
- a case where the three-dimensional object is a moving object will be described based on FIG. 29, and a case where the three-dimensional object is a stationary object will be described based on FIG.
- both the host vehicle V and the other vehicle VX move. There is a tendency to maintain a predetermined positional relationship. That is, when the captured image is offset, the position of the other vehicle VX tends to shift, and many pixels (edges) that can be characteristic are detected in the difference image PDt.
- FIG. 29B when the captured image is not offset, the positions of the host vehicle V and the other vehicle VX tend to approach each other, and the difference image PDt has pixels (edges) that can be characteristic. Less detected. If the number of pixels (edges) in the difference image PDt is large, the integrated value tends to be high. If the number of pixels (edges) in the difference image PDt is small, the integrated value in the difference waveform information tends to be low.
- the detected three-dimensional object is a stationary stationary object Q1
- the host vehicle V moves while the stationary object Q1 is stationary.
- the stationary object Q1 tend to be separated. That is, when the captured image is offset, the positions of the host vehicle V and the stationary object Q1 tend to approach, and a small number of pixels (edges) that can be characteristic are detected in the difference image PDt.
- the captured image is not offset, the position of the stationary object Q1 tends to be different from the previous captured image as the host vehicle V moves, and the difference image PDt is characteristic. Many possible pixels (edges) are detected.
- the integrated value in the luminance distribution information tends to be high, and if there are few pixels (edges) in the difference image PDt, the integrated value in the luminance distribution information tends to be low.
- the position of the first bird's-eye view image obtained at the first time T0 when the three-dimensional object is detected, and the position of the second bird's-eye view image obtained at the second time T1 after the first time. are obtained by performing frequency distribution by counting the number of pixels in which the brightness difference between adjacent image areas is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold on the difference image of the aligned bird's-eye view images.
- a first integrated value of one luminance distribution information is obtained. That is, the offset difference image is generated in consideration of the movement amount of the host vehicle V.
- the offset amount d ′ corresponds to the movement amount on the bird's-eye view image data corresponding to the actual movement distance of the host vehicle V shown in FIG. 4A, and the signal from the vehicle speed sensor 20 and the current amount from one hour before. It is determined based on the time until the time.
- the first integrated value is the total of values plotted as the first luminance distribution information or a predetermined area.
- the first bird's-eye view image obtained at the first time T0 and the second bird's-eye view image obtained at the second time T1 after the first time T0 are obtained without shifting the positions.
- the second integrated value of the second luminance distribution information generated by counting the number of pixels in which the luminance difference between the adjacent image regions is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold and performing frequency distribution is obtained. That is, a difference image that is not offset is generated, and its integrated value (second integrated value) is calculated.
- the second integrated value is all of the values plotted as the second luminance distribution information or the total value of the predetermined area.
- the evaluation value corresponding to the number of times that the second integrated value is determined to be greater than the first integrated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined evaluation threshold
- the three-dimensional object detected by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 is detected. Judged as “moving object”.
- the calculation method of the evaluation value is not limited, in this embodiment, every time it is determined that the second integrated value is larger than the first integrated value in the process repeatedly executed at a predetermined cycle, the evaluation point is counted up. The total value is obtained as an “evaluation value”.
- the pixel amount (edge amount) extracted from the difference image between the past captured image that has been offset and the current captured image, the past captured image that is not offset, and the current captured image Based on the magnitude relationship with the pixel amount (edge amount) extracted from the difference image with the captured image, the image transition feature of the moving object and the image transition feature of the stationary object are identified, and the three-dimensional object is the moving object. Whether the object is a stationary object or not can be determined with high accuracy.
- the second integrated value of the pixels (edge amount) indicating the predetermined difference in the difference image from the image not offset is the first pixel (edge amount) indicating the predetermined difference in the difference image from the offset image.
- the evaluation value is calculated by adding the first count value. That is, as the determination that the second integrated value is larger than the first integrated value is accumulated, the evaluation value is increased. If the evaluation value is equal to or greater than a predetermined evaluation threshold, it is determined that the three-dimensional object is a stationary object.
- the first count value is set higher as the number of consecutive determinations increases. As described above, when the determination that the second integrated value is larger than the first integrated value continues, it is determined that there is an increased possibility that the detected three-dimensional object is a stationary object, and the evaluation value becomes larger. Since the first count value is increased as described above, it is possible to determine with high accuracy whether or not the three-dimensional object is a moving object based on the continuous observation result.
- the first count value is added, and when it is determined that the second integrated value is smaller than the first integrated value, The evaluation value may be calculated by subtracting the second count value.
- the stationary object detection unit 38 determines that the second integrated value is smaller than the first integrated value after determining that the second integrated value is larger than the first integrated value. Further, after that, when it is determined that the second integrated value is larger than the first integrated value, the first count value is set high.
- the detected three-dimensional object is a stationary object. Since it is determined that there is a high possibility, and the first count value is increased so that the evaluation value is increased, it is possible to determine a stationary object with high accuracy based on the continuous observation result. Incidentally, the detection state of the feature of the moving object tends to be observed stably. If the detection result is unstable and the determination result that the three-dimensional object is a stationary object is discretely detected, it can be determined that the detected three-dimensional object is likely to be a stationary object. It is.
- the second count value is subtracted to calculate the evaluation value. In this case, if the determination that the second integrated value is smaller than the first integrated value continues for a predetermined number of times, the second count value is set high.
- the second integrated value is smaller than the first integrated value
- it is determined that the detected three-dimensional object is likely to be a moving object (another vehicle VX)
- a stationary object is determined.
- the second count value related to the subtraction is increased so that the evaluation value for performing the reduction becomes smaller, so that the stationary object can be determined with high accuracy based on the continuous observation result.
- the computer 30 of this example includes a viewpoint conversion unit 31, a positioning unit 32, a first three-dimensional object detection unit 33, a smear detection unit 34, a luminance difference calculation unit 35, and an edge line.
- a detection unit 36, a second three-dimensional object detection unit 37, a three-dimensional object determination unit 38, and a control unit 39 are provided.
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31, the smear detection unit 34, the alignment unit 32, and the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 are components related to the three-dimensional object detection block A using the differential waveform information of the first embodiment described above.
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31, the luminance difference calculation unit 35, the edge line detection unit 36, and the second solid object detection unit 37 are components related to the three-dimensional object detection block B using the edge information of the first embodiment described above. .
- main differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 of the present example shown in FIG. 31 detects the detection result of the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 and the detection of the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 when detecting the three-dimensional object by the two three-dimensional object detection units 33 and 37.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 according to the three-dimensional object determination unit 38 that finally determines whether or not the object is a three-dimensional object, and the state of attachment of water droplets to the lens detected by the water droplet detection unit 40.
- a control unit 39 that sets a threshold value ⁇ and a second threshold value ⁇ of the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37.
- the water droplet detection method by the water droplet detection unit 40 is the same as that in the first embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the camera 10 which is the imaging means shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B is provided.
- the camera 10 includes the lens (or protective filter) 11 constituting the photographing optical system.
- the lens 11 which is the surface.
- the water droplet attached to the lens 11 is difficult to extract the contour edge of the water droplet even if the edge of the picked-up image is extracted, and does not affect the detection of the three-dimensional object.
- the surrounding environment is dark as shown in FIG. 5, when the edge of the captured image is extracted, the outline of the water droplet is extracted as edge information and may be erroneously detected as a three-dimensional object.
- the control unit 39 sets at least one of the first threshold value ⁇ of the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 and the second threshold value ⁇ of the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 relative to the normal set value so far. Set to high. This reduces the possibility that the three-dimensional object determination unit 38 determines that the object is a three-dimensional object, and prevents a water droplet from being erroneously detected as a three-dimensional object.
- the control unit 39 of this example uses other three-dimensional objects detected by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 or the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37.
- the computer 30 is configured to suppress the determination that the image corresponding to the detected water droplet is the other vehicle VX existing in the detection areas A1 and A2.
- the control command which controls each part (including the control part 39) which comprises is output.
- a specific method for suppressing the three-dimensional object detected by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 or the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 from being determined as the other vehicle VX is as follows.
- the control unit 39 When the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 that detects the three-dimensional object using the difference waveform information detects the three-dimensional object when the difference waveform information is equal to or greater than the predetermined first threshold value ⁇ , the control unit 39 performs water droplet detection. When the unit 40 detects water droplets attached to the lens 11, it generates a control command for changing the first threshold value ⁇ so that a three-dimensional object is difficult to detect, and sends this control command to the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33. Output.
- the control unit 39 includes a water droplet in which the water droplet detection unit 40 is attached to the lens 11. Is detected, the number of pixels indicating a predetermined difference is counted on the difference image of the bird's-eye view image, and a control command for generating a low frequency distribution value and outputting it is generated. Output to the one-dimensional object detection unit 33.
- the control unit 39 When the water droplet detection unit 40 detects a water droplet attached to the lens 11, a control command for changing the threshold value p so as to make it difficult to detect a three-dimensional object is generated, and this control command is sent to the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33. Output.
- the control unit 39 uses the water droplets with the water droplet detection unit 40 attached to the lens 11. Is detected, the control command is generated by changing the number of pixels extracted on the difference image to be low and output along the direction in which the three-dimensional object falls when the bird's-eye view image is converted to the viewpoint. Is output to the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33.
- the control unit 39 includes a water droplet detection unit 40.
- a control command for changing the predetermined threshold value t so as to make it difficult to detect a three-dimensional object is generated, and this control command is output to the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37.
- the control unit 39 includes a water droplet detection unit 40.
- a control command for changing and outputting the luminance value of the pixel is generated, and this control command is output to the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37.
- the control unit 39 When the water droplet detection unit 40 detects a water droplet adhering to the lens 11, a control command for changing the threshold value ⁇ so as to make it difficult to detect the three-dimensional object is generated, and this control command is used as the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37. Output to.
- the control unit 39 When the water droplet detection unit 40 detects a water droplet adhering to the lens 11, a control command for generating a low edge line length value of the detected edge information and generating the control command is generated. Output to the three-dimensional object detection unit 37.
- the number of edge lines having a length equal to or greater than a predetermined length included in the edge information is detected by the second solid object detection unit 37 that detects a solid object using edge information.
- the control unit 39 is unlikely to detect a three-dimensional object when the water droplet detection unit 40 detects a water droplet attached to the lens 11.
- a control command for changing the second threshold value ⁇ to a high value is generated, and this control command is output to the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37.
- the number of edge lines having a length equal to or greater than a predetermined length included in the edge information is detected by the second solid object detection unit 37 that detects a solid object using edge information.
- the control unit 39 exceeds the detected predetermined length. A control command that outputs a low number of edge lines is generated, and this control command is output to the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37.
- the control unit 39 When the three-dimensional object determination unit 38 determines that the three-dimensional object is another vehicle when the detected moving speed of the three-dimensional object is equal to or higher than a predetermined speed, the control unit 39 When the detection unit 40 detects water droplets attached to the lens 11, a control command is generated to change the predetermined speed to be a lower limit when determining that the three-dimensional object is another vehicle so that the three-dimensional object is difficult to detect. The control command is output to the three-dimensional object determination unit 38.
- the control unit 39 When the detection unit 40 detects water droplets adhering to the lens 11, the moving speed of the three-dimensional object compared with a predetermined speed that is a lower limit when determining that the three-dimensional object is another vehicle is changed to be low and output. A control command is generated, and the control command is output to the three-dimensional object determination unit 38.
- the control unit 39 When the three-dimensional object determination unit 38 determines that the three-dimensional object is another vehicle when the movement speed of the detected three-dimensional object is less than a predetermined speed, the control unit 39 When the detection unit 39 detects water droplets adhering to the lens 11, a control command for changing the predetermined speed, which is an upper limit when determining that the three-dimensional object is another vehicle, is generated, and the control command is used as the three-dimensional object. The data is output to the determination unit 38.
- the control unit 39 includes a water droplet detection unit.
- 40 detects a water droplet adhering to the lens 11, it generates a control command for changing the moving speed of the three-dimensional object to be compared with a predetermined speed that is an upper limit when determining that the three-dimensional object is another vehicle.
- the control command is output to the three-dimensional object determination unit 38.
- the “movement speed” includes the absolute speed of the three-dimensional object and the relative speed of the three-dimensional object with respect to the host vehicle.
- the absolute speed of the three-dimensional object may be calculated from the relative speed of the three-dimensional object, and the relative speed of the three-dimensional object may be calculated from the absolute speed of the three-dimensional object.
- control unit 39 detects that the three-dimensional object is present by the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 or the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 or the three-dimensional object by the three-dimensional object determination unit 38 is finally the other vehicle VX.
- the detection areas A1 and A2 may be partially masked, or the threshold value and output value used for detection and determination may be adjusted.
- control unit 39 designates position information (image coordinate information) of a part of the detection areas A1 and A2 corresponding to the position of the water droplet attached to the lens 11, and detects the three-dimensional object in the masked area or Control command that does not determine whether or not a three-dimensional object is another vehicle VX, a control that outputs a result that a three-dimensional object is not detected in the masked area or that the three-dimensional object in the masked area is not another vehicle VX A command is generated and sent to the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33, the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37, or the three-dimensional object determination unit 38.
- the control command for outputting a result indicating that the three-dimensional object in the masked area is not detected or that the three-dimensional object in the masked area is not the other vehicle VX is the command to specify the image data of the mask area, as described above.
- a command for changing each threshold value or each output value is included.
- control unit 39 controls the control command for changing the threshold value and the output value, the detection command for the three-dimensional object, or the control command for stopping the determination of whether the three-dimensional object is the other vehicle VX, and the three-dimensional object is not detected.
- a control command for outputting a result indicating that a certain or three-dimensional object is not another vehicle VX is generated and sent to the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33, the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37, or the three-dimensional object determination unit 38.
- the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 or the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 of this example excludes part of the image information, difference waveform information, and edge information from the information to be processed according to the control command of the control unit 39,
- the threshold value or the output value is adjusted, the three-dimensional object is detected under a strict standard, and a process of outputting a detection result indicating that the three-dimensional object is not detected is executed, or the three-dimensional object detection process itself is stopped.
- the three-dimensional object determination unit 38 adjusts the threshold value or the output value according to the control command of the control unit 39, and determines whether or not the three-dimensional object detected under a strict standard is another vehicle VX.
- the determination that the three-dimensional object is not the other vehicle VX is output, or the three-dimensional object determination process itself is stopped.
- the control process related to the above three-dimensional object determination is performed when the water droplet detection unit 40 detects a state in which water droplets are attached to the lens 11 that receives the images of the detection areas A1 and A2.
- the first threshold value ⁇ of the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 and the second threshold value ⁇ of the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 are set according to the adhesion state of the water droplets detected by the water droplet detection unit 40. More specifically, at least one of the first threshold value ⁇ and the second threshold value ⁇ is set larger as the number of water droplets detected by the water droplet detection unit 40 is larger. In this case, the number of water droplets may be the total number of lenses corresponding to the entire captured image or the number attached to lens areas corresponding to specific areas such as detection areas A1 and A2.
- FIG. 33 to 36 are control maps showing setting examples of the first threshold value ⁇ or the second threshold value ⁇ with respect to the number of water droplets attached.
- FIG. 33 shows an example in which the first threshold value ⁇ or the second threshold value ⁇ is increased stepwise as the number of attached water drops increases
- FIG. 34 similarly shows the first threshold value ⁇ or the second threshold value as the number of attached water drops increases.
- the threshold value ⁇ is increased stepwise, but hysteresis is set to prevent control hunting.
- FIG. 35 shows an example in which the first threshold value ⁇ or the second threshold value ⁇ is increased proportionally as the number of water droplets attached increases.
- FIG. In this example, the second threshold value ⁇ is increased proportionally, but hysteresis is set in order to prevent control hunting.
- step S 41 the water droplet detection unit 40 detects the adhesion state (number of water droplets) of the water droplets on the lens 11 and outputs the detected state to the control unit 39.
- step S42 the control unit 39 calculates the first threshold value ⁇ and the second threshold value ⁇ using the detected water droplet adhesion state and one of the previously stored control maps of FIGS. The data is output to the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 and the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37.
- step S43 the three-dimensional object is detected based on the difference waveform information in the above-described procedure.
- step S44 the detection of the three-dimensional object based on the edge information is performed according to the procedure described above.
- the first threshold value ⁇ and the second threshold value ⁇ corresponding to the attachment state of the water droplets are the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 and the second three-dimensional object detection, respectively. Is set in the portion 37.
- step S45 it is detected whether it is a three-dimensional object in step S43, and it is determined whether it is detected as a three-dimensional object in step S44, and it is detected that it is a three-dimensional object in any step S43, S44. In that case, the process proceeds to step S46, where it is finally determined that the object is a solid object. If it is detected that the object is not a three-dimensional object in any of steps S43 and S44, the process proceeds to step S47, and it is finally determined that the object is not a three-dimensional object.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 of the present example when a water droplet adheres to the lens 11 of the camera 10, when the detection environment is dark, such as at night, the water droplet is caused by the influence of a streetlight or a headlight.
- the detection of the three-dimensional object is suppressed as the number of attached water drops increases, so that erroneous detection of the three-dimensional object and the water drop can be prevented.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 of this example configured and acting as described above has the following effects.
- an arbitrary point of interest in an image, a plurality of inner reference points inside a virtual circle having a predetermined radius centered on the point of interest, and the outside of the virtual circle A plurality of outer reference points corresponding to the inner one reference point are respectively set in, edge information between the inner reference point and the outer reference point is detected, and the strength of circularity of these edge information is determined.
- the water droplet adhering to the lens 11 of the camera 10 is detected, it is possible to detect the water droplet with high accuracy.
- the water droplet removal device 41 is operated in accordance with the state of attachment of the water droplet to remove the water droplet, so that it is possible to prevent erroneous detection of the three-dimensional object and the water droplet.
- the three-dimensional object detection device 1 of this example when a water droplet adheres to the lens 11 of the camera 10, when the detection environment is dark, such as at night, the water droplet is caused by the influence of a streetlight or a headlight. Although there is a possibility that it is erroneously detected as a three-dimensional object, since it is determined that the three-dimensional object is another vehicle according to the state of attachment of the water droplet, it is possible to prevent erroneous detection of the three-dimensional object and water droplet. Can do.
- the camera 10 corresponds to an imaging unit according to the present invention
- the lens 11 corresponds to a photographing optical system according to the present invention
- the viewpoint conversion unit 31 corresponds to an image conversion unit according to the present invention
- 32 and the first three-dimensional object detection unit 33 correspond to a first three-dimensional object detection unit according to the present invention
- the luminance difference calculation unit 35, the edge line detection unit 36, and the second three-dimensional object detection unit 37 are the first one according to the present invention.
- the three-dimensional object determination unit 38 corresponds to a three-dimensional object determination unit according to the present invention
- the water droplet detection unit 40 corresponds to a water droplet detection unit according to the present invention
- the control unit 39 It corresponds to the control means according to the present invention
- the water drop removing device 41 corresponds to the water drop removing means.
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Abstract
Description
図3は、図1の計算機30の詳細を示すブロック図である。なお、図3においては、接続関係を明確とするためにカメラ10、車速センサ20、水滴検出部40及び水滴除去装置41についても図示する。
本実施形態の立体物検出装置1は、車両後方を撮像する単眼のカメラ1により得られた画像情報に基づいて車両後方の右側検出領域又は左側検出領域に存在する立体物を検出する。
次に、図3に示す差分波形情報による立体物の検出ブロックAに代えて動作させることが可能である、エッジ情報による立体物の検出ブロックBについて説明する。本例のエッジ情報による立体物の検出ブロックBは、視点変換部31、輝度差算出部35、エッジ線検出部36及び第2立体物検出部37で構成されるエッジ情報を利用して立体物を検出する。図13は、図3のカメラ10の撮像範囲等を示す図であり、図13(a)は平面図、図13(b)は、自車両V1から後側方における実空間上の斜視図を示す。図13(a)に示すように、カメラ10は所定の画角aとされ、この所定の画角aに含まれる自車両V1から後側方を撮像する。カメラ10の画角aは、図2に示す場合と同様に、カメラ10の撮像範囲に自車両V1が走行する車線に加えて、隣接する車線も含まれるように設定されている。
《数1》
I(xi,yi)>I(xi’,yi’)+tのとき
s(xi,yi)=1
I(xi,yi)<I(xi’,yi’)-tのとき
s(xi,yi)=-1
上記以外のとき
s(xi,yi)=0
《数2》
s(xi,yi)=s(xi+1,yi+1)のとき(且つ0=0を除く)、
c(xi,yi)=1
上記以外のとき、
c(xi,yi)=0
《数3》
Σc(xi,yi)/N>θ
《数4》
鉛直相当方向の評価値=Σ[{I(xi,yi)-I(xi+1,yi+1)}2]
《数5》
鉛直相当方向の評価値=Σ|I(xi,yi)-I(xi+1,yi+1)|
《数6》
鉛直相当方向の評価値=Σb(xi,yi)
但し、|I(xi,yi)-I(xi+1,yi+1)|>t2のとき、
b(xi,yi)=1
上記以外のとき、
b(xi,yi)=0
図3に戻り、上述した2つの立体物検出部33,37による立体物の検出にあたり、本例の立体物検出装置1は、第1立体物検出部33による検出結果と第2立体物検出部37の検出結果から立体物であるか否かを最終的に判断する立体物判断部38と、水滴検出部40により検出されたレンズへの水滴の付着状態に応じて水滴除去装置41を動作させる制御部39とを備える。
つまり、立体物が検出された第1の時刻T0において得られた第1鳥瞰視画像の位置と、第1の時刻の後の第2の時刻T1において得られた第2鳥瞰視画像の位置とを鳥瞰視上で位置合わせし、この位置合わせされた鳥瞰視画像の差分画像上において、互いに隣接する画像領域の輝度差が所定閾値以上である画素数をカウントして度数分布化して生成した第1輝度分布情報の第1積算値を求める。つまり、自車両Vの移動量を考慮して、オフセットした差分画像を生成する。オフセットする量d’は、図4(a)に示した自車両Vの実際の移動距離に対応する鳥瞰視画像データ上の移動量に対応し、車速センサ20からの信号と一時刻前から現時刻までの時間に基づいて決定される。第1積算値は、第1輝度分布情報としてプロットされた値の全部又は所定領域の合計値である。
本発明に係る立体物検出装置の第2実施形態を図31~図36を参照して説明する。なお、図4~図12に示す差分波形情報による立体物の検出の構成及び図13~図19に示すエッジ情報による立体物の検出の構成は、特段の説明がない限り上述した第1実施形態と共通するので第1実施形態の説明をここに援用する。
図31に示す本例の立体物検出装置1は、2つの立体物検出部33,37による立体物の検出にあたり、第1立体物検出部33による検出結果と第2立体物検出部37の検出結果から立体物であるか否かを最終的に判断する立体物判断部38と、水滴検出部40により検出されたレンズへの水滴の付着状態に応じて第1立体物検出部33の第1閾値αと第2立体物検出部37の第2閾値βとを設定する制御部39とを備える。なお、水滴検出部40による水滴の検出方法は、図26及び図27に示す第1実施形態と同じであるためその説明を省略する。
(1)本例の立体物検出装置1によれば、画像中の任意の着目点と、当該着目点を中心とする所定半径の仮想円の内部に複数の内側参照点と、仮想円の外部に内側1参照点に対応する複数の外側参照点とをそれぞれ設定し、これら内側参照点と外側参照点との間のエッジ情報を検出し、これらのエッジ情報の円形性の強さを判断することで、カメラ10のレンズ11に付着した水滴を検出するので、水滴を精度よく検出することができる。
10…カメラ
11…レンズ
20…車速センサ
30…計算機
31…視点変換部
32…位置合わせ部
33…第1立体物検出部
34…スミア検出部
35…輝度差算出部
36…エッジ検出部
37…第2立体物検出部
38…立体物判断部
39…制御部
40…水滴検出部
41…水滴除去装置
a…画角
A1,A2…検出領域
CP…交点
DP…差分画素
DWt,DWt’…差分波形
DWt1~DWm,DWm+k~DWtn…小領域
L1,L2…接地線
La,Lb…立体物が倒れ込む方向上の線
P…撮像画像
PBt…鳥瞰視画像
PDt…差分画像
MP…マスク画像
S…スミア
SP…スミア画像
SBt…スミア鳥瞰視画像
V1,V2…自車両
V3,V4,VX…他車両
Claims (25)
- 撮影光学系を含み所定領域を撮像する撮像手段と、
前記撮像手段により得られた画像中の任意の着目点と、当該着目点を中心とする所定半径の仮想円の内部に複数の第1参照点と、前記仮想円の外部に前記第1参照点に対応する複数の第2参照点と、をそれぞれ設定し、前記第1参照点と前記第2参照点との間のエッジ情報を検出し、これらのエッジ情報の円形性の強さを判断することで、前記撮影光学系に付着した水滴を検出する水滴検出手段と、を備える水滴検出装置。 - 前記水滴検出手段は、
前記仮想円の内部の上側中央部と、上側左部と、上側右部と、下側左部又は下側右部の少なくともいずれか一方と、を前記第1参照点として設定する請求項1に記載の水滴検出装置。 - 前記水滴検出手段は、前記複数の第1参照点と前記複数の第2参照点との間にエッジ情報が検出される割合が大きいほど前記円形性の強さを強いと判断する請求項1又は2に記載の水滴検出装置。
- [規則91に基づく訂正 18.10.2013]
撮影光学系を含み所定領域を撮像する撮像手段と、
前記撮像手段により得られた画像を鳥瞰視画像に視点変換する画像変換手段と、
前記画像中の任意の着目点と、当該着目点を中心とする所定半径の仮想円の内部に複数の第1参照点と、前記仮想円の外部に前記第1参照点に対応する複数の第2参照点と、をそれぞれ設定し、前記第1参照点と前記第2参照点との間のエッジ情報を検出し、これらのエッジ情報の円形性の強さを判断することで、前記撮影光学系に付着した水滴を検出する水滴検出手段と、
前記画像変換手段により得られた前記鳥瞰視画像上で、前記鳥瞰視画像に視点変換した際に立体物が倒れ込む方向において輝度差が所定の第1閾値以上の画素の分布情報を検出し、前記立体物が倒れ込む方向における前記画素の分布の度合いが所定の第2閾値以上である場合に、前記画素の分布情報に基づいて立体物を検出する立体物検出手段と、
前記立体物検出手段により検出された検知領域内の立体物が他車両であるか否かを判断する立体物判断手段と、
前記水滴検出手段により検出された検知領域内における水滴の付着状態に応じて、車両を制御する制御手段と、を備える立体物検出装置。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 18.10.2013]
前記撮影光学系に付着した水滴を除去する水滴除去手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により検出された検知領域内における水滴の付着状態に応じて、前記水滴除去手段を動作させる請求項4に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により検出された水滴の個数が多いほど前記水滴除去手段の動作時間を長く設定する請求項5に記載の立体物検出装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記画像中の前記所定領域内において前記水滴が検出された場合に、前記水滴除去手段を動作させる請求項5又は6に記載の立体物検出装置。
- 前記制御手段は、環境の明るさが所定値以下の場合に前記水滴除去手段を動作させる請求項5~7のいずれか一項に記載の立体物検出装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により検出された水滴の付着状態に応じて、前記立体物検出手段による立体物の検出を抑制または、前記立体物判断手段により前記立体物が他車両であると判断されることを抑制する請求項4に記載の立体物検出装置。
- 前記水滴検出手段は、前記複数の第1参照点と前記複数の第2参照点との間にエッジ情報が検出される割合が大きいほど前記円形性の強さを強いと判断し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により検出された円形性が強いほど、前記立体物検出手段の検出時間を相対的に長く設定する請求項4~9のいずれか一項に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記立体物検出手段は、
前記画像変換手段により得られた異なる時刻の鳥瞰視画像の位置を鳥瞰視上で位置合わせし、当該位置合わせされた鳥瞰視画像の差分画像上で、前記所定領域内に予め設定された検知領域内の所定の差分を示す画素数をカウントして度数分布化することで差分波形情報を生成し、前記差分波形情報に基づいて立体物を検出する第1立体物検出部を含み、
前記差分波形情報が所定の第1閾値α以上である場合に立体物を検出し、
前記制御手段は、
前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記立体物が検出され難いように前記第1閾値αを高く変更する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第1立体物検出部に出力する請求項4に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記第1立体物検出部は、前記差分波形情報が所定の第1閾値α以上である場合に立体物を検出し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記鳥瞰視画像の差分画像上において所定の差分を示す画素数をカウントして度数分布化された値を低くする制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第1立体物検出部に出力する請求項11に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記第1立体物検出部は、閾値p以上の画素値を示す画素数を前記所定の差分を示す画素数として抽出し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記立体物が検出され難いように前記閾値pを高く変更する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第1立体物検出部に出力する請求項11又は12に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記第1立体物検出部は、閾値p以上の画素値を示す画素数を前記所定の差分を示す画素数として抽出し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記鳥瞰視画像を視点変換した際に立体物が倒れ込む方向に沿って、前記差分画像上において抽出される画素数を低く変更して出力する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第1立体物検出部に出力する請求項11~13のいずれか一項に記載の立体物検出装置。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 18.10.2013]
前記立体物検出手段は、
前記画像変換手段により得られた鳥瞰視画像から前記所定領域内に予め設定された検知領域内のエッジ情報を検出し、前記エッジ情報に基づいて立体物を検出する第2立体物検出部を含み、
所定閾値t以上の輝度差を示す画素に基づいてエッジ線を抽出し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記立体物が検出され難いように前記所定閾値tを高く変更する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第2立体物検出部に出力する請求項4に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記第2立体物検出部は、所定閾値t以上の輝度差を示す画素に基づいてエッジ線を抽出し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記画素の輝度値を低くする制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第2立体物検出部に出力する請求項15に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記第2立体物検出部は、前記エッジ情報に含まれる閾値θ以上の長さを有する前記エッジ線に基づいて立体物を検出し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記立体物が検出され難いように前記閾値θを高く変更する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第2立体物検出部に出力する請求項15又は16に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記第2立体物検出部は、前記エッジ情報に含まれる閾値θ以上の長さを有する前記エッジ線に基づいて立体物を検出し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記検出したエッジ情報に含まれるエッジの長さの値を低く出力する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第2立体物検出部に出力する請求項15~17のいずれか一項に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記第2立体物検出部は、前記エッジ情報に含まれる所定長さ以上のエッジ線の本数が第2閾値β以上であるか否かの判断に基づいて立体物を検出し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記立体物が検出され難いように前記第2閾値βを高く変更する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第2立体物検出部に出力する請求項15~18のいずれか一項に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記第2立体物検出部は、前記エッジ情報に含まれる所定長さ以上のエッジ線の本数が第2閾値β以上であるか否かの判断に基づいて立体物を検出し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、前記検出した所定長さ以上のエッジ線の本数を低く出力する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記第2立体物検出部に出力する請求項15~18のいずれか一項に記載の立体物検出装置。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 18.10.2013]
前記制御手段は、前記画像中の前記所定領域内において前記水滴が検出された場合に、前記立体物を他車両であると判断することを抑制する請求項4~20のいずれか一項に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により検出された水滴の個数が多いほど前記立体物を他車両であると判断することの抑制度合を高くする請求項4~21のいずれか一項に記載の立体物検出装置。
- 前記制御手段は、環境の明るさが所定値以下の場合に前記立体物を他車両であると判断することを抑制する請求項4~22に記載の立体物検出装置。
- 前記立体物判断手段は、前記検出された立体物の移動速度が予め設定された所定速度以上である場合に、当該立体物を他車両であると判断し、
前記制御手段は、前記水滴検出手段により水滴が検出された場合には、
a)立体物を他車両であると判断する際の下限となる前記所定速度を高くする制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記立体物判断手段に出力するか、
b)前記立体物を他車両であると判断する際の下限となる前記所定速度と比較される前記立体物の移動速度を低く変更して出力する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記立体物判断手段に出力するか、
c)前記立体物を他車両であると判断する際の上限となる前記所定速度を低く変更する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記立体物判断手段に出力するか、
d)前記立体物を他車両であると判断する際の上限となる前記所定速度と比較される前記立体物の移動速度を高く変更する制御命令を生成し、当該制御命令を前記立体物判断手段に出力するか、の少なくとも一を実行する請求項4~23のいずれか一項に記載の立体物検出装置。 - 撮影光学系を含む撮像手段の前記撮影光学系に付着した水滴を検出する方法であって、
前記撮像手段により取得された撮像画像中の任意の着目点と、当該着目点を中心とする所定半径の仮想円の内部に複数の第1参照点と、前記仮想円の外部に前記第1参照点に対応する複数の第2参照点と、をそれぞれ設定し、
前記第1参照点と前記第2参照点との間のエッジ情報を検出し、
これらのエッジ情報が所定条件を満たす場合に前記仮想円に相当する部位に水滴が付着していると判断する水滴検出方法。
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CN104509091B (zh) | 2019-03-26 |
MX361919B (es) | 2018-12-19 |
CN104509091A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
RU2015106690A (ru) | 2016-09-20 |
MY191193A (en) | 2022-06-07 |
BR112015001804B1 (pt) | 2021-11-16 |
US10096124B2 (en) | 2018-10-09 |
US20150325005A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
MX2015001227A (es) | 2017-06-19 |
JPWO2014017523A1 (ja) | 2016-07-11 |
RU2644518C2 (ru) | 2018-02-12 |
JP5859652B2 (ja) | 2016-02-10 |
BR112015001804A2 (pt) | 2017-08-08 |
IN2015KN00384A (ja) | 2015-07-10 |
EP2879369B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
EP2879369A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
EP2879369A4 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
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