WO2014012311A1 - 一种全方位电视接收天线及采用这种天线的组合式电视天线 - Google Patents

一种全方位电视接收天线及采用这种天线的组合式电视天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014012311A1
WO2014012311A1 PCT/CN2012/084963 CN2012084963W WO2014012311A1 WO 2014012311 A1 WO2014012311 A1 WO 2014012311A1 CN 2012084963 W CN2012084963 W CN 2012084963W WO 2014012311 A1 WO2014012311 A1 WO 2014012311A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
omnidirectional
vibrator
directional
bracket
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PCT/CN2012/084963
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨瑞典
Original Assignee
深圳市龙侨华实业有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 201220354077 external-priority patent/CN202651365U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201210252871.3A external-priority patent/CN102760943B/zh
Application filed by 深圳市龙侨华实业有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市龙侨华实业有限公司
Publication of WO2014012311A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014012311A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of radio communications, and in particular to an omnidirectional television receiving antenna and a combined television antenna using the same.
  • An antenna is a component used in a radio to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves.
  • the prior art discloses an omnidirectional television receiving antenna comprising three pairs of half-wave oscillator antenna arrays arranged in 120 degrees, the antenna array being connected to the mixer through a 75 ohm coaxial cable.
  • the antenna array and the coaxial cable are connected by connecting the output ends of the two vibrators to the output end of the third vibrator, and then connecting the coaxial cable to the output end of the third vibrator. Positive or negative.
  • the prior art also discloses a television receiving antenna comprising a U-segmented vibrator consisting of three identically-shaped arc-folded vibrators bent to about 120 degrees and connected to the hybrid amplifier through a feed line.
  • the wiring mode of the U-section three-paying vibrator is: three-fold arc-shaped folded vibrator, which is connected in parallel through the copper foil ring and then connected to the coaxial cable.
  • the wiring of the above omnidirectional antenna requires the use of additional wires, the wiring is complicated, and the three pairs of vibrators are mutually independent vibrators, and the mixer needs to be configured to mix the signals.
  • the conventional antenna is exposed to the vibrator, and the air is filled between the vibrators to affect the impedance of the vibrator. In the environment where the outdoor wind speed, air pressure, and air composition change, stable impedance cannot be ensured, thereby affecting the quality of the received signal.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an omnidirectional television receiving antenna with convenient wiring and simple signal processing, and a combined television antenna using the same.
  • the present invention achieves the above object by the following means.
  • An omnidirectional television receiving antenna includes a support disk and a vibrator, and the vibrator is connected to the signal processor through a coaxial cable.
  • the vibrator includes two vibrating pieces which are mutually offset from each other on the upper and lower sides of the supporting disc.
  • the vibrator piece has a star shape.
  • the vibrator piece includes a connecting port in the middle of the vibrating piece, and a plurality of vibrating unit radiated from the connecting port at an equal angle.
  • a wiring ⁇ coaxial cable is connected.
  • the invention directly uses the wiring raft as a part of the vibrator piece, and does not need additional wires for connection, which simplifies the operation and avoids the risk of wire damage and the like.
  • the two vibrator pieces are staggered from each other, that is, the radiating portions of the two vibrating pieces do not overlap on the front and back surfaces of the same position of the supporting plate to avoid interference.
  • the vibrator units of the two vibrator pieces are in one-to-one correspondence, forming a plurality of pairs of functional vibrator groups.
  • the signals of the plurality of sets of vibrators are collected into the wiring port and output through the coaxial cable, and the mixer is not required to additionally mix the signals, thereby simplifying the antenna assembly.
  • the support plate is made of a non-metal material, preferably a plastic material, and the two vibrator pieces are closely attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the support plate, and serve to adjust the impedance of the antenna while supporting the vibrator piece.
  • the vibrator unit is a component that receives a radio signal.
  • the vibrator unit includes a conductive portion that is connected at one end to the terminal block and a radiating portion that is coupled to the other end of the conductive portion.
  • the conducting portions of the vibrator units of the two vibrator pieces are in one-to-one correspondence, and the radiating portions are also in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the conducting portion is preferably a narrow linear shape, the function of which is to conduct a signal received by the radiating portion to the wiring port.
  • the radiating portion is a metal piece that receives a signal, and its shape is preferably a linear shape or an arc shape, which is connected to the end of the conductive portion and at an angle.
  • the length of the radiating portion can be adjusted according to the frequency of the desired received signal.
  • the radiation portion has a length of 11-13 cm and a width of 0.5-1.5 cm, and the received signal frequency is 470-862 MHz when the length of the radiation portion is 12 cm.
  • the number of vibrator units can be adjusted according to the demand for signal reception.
  • the number of the vibrator units is three, the interval between adjacent vibrator units is 120 degrees; or the number of vibrator units is four, and the interval between adjacent vibrator units is 90 degrees;
  • the number of the vibrator units is six, and the interval between adjacent vibrator units is 60 degrees; the above angles are especially the angle formed by the conducting portions of adjacent vibrator units.
  • the evenly distributed oscillator unit enables a more uniform coverage coverage and minimizes signal interference between each other.
  • the shape of the support disk is adjusted according to the shape and number of the vibrator unit.
  • the support disk is a regular polygon or a circle.
  • the radiation portion is linear
  • the support disk is a regular polygon.
  • the conductive portions of the corresponding two vibrator pieces are located on the same vertical line of the same side of the regular polygon, and the corresponding two radiating portions are drooped.
  • the foot extends to the two vertices of the side, the length of one radiating portion is one-half of the length of the side; when the radiating portion is in the shape of an arc, the supporting disk is circular, generally corresponding to the two vibrating pieces
  • the conducting portion is located on the same radius of the circle and the plurality of conducting portions of one vibrating piece divides the circle equally, and the corresponding two radiating portions extend from the end of the corresponding conducting portion to the opposite direction along the circular circumference
  • the length of one radiating portion is 1/(2N) of the circumference length, and N is the number of one vibrator unit.
  • the thickness of the support disk is from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, preferably 1 mm.
  • the vibrator piece can be secured to the support plate in a variety of ways.
  • the vibrator piece is secured to the support plate by at least one of a locating post and a buckle disposed on the support plate.
  • the preferred solution proposed by the present invention is that the support disk is provided with a groove, and the vibrator piece is partially or completely embedded in the groove.
  • either one of the conductive portion or the radiating portion may be embedded in the groove, or both may be embedded in the groove. Since the vibrator piece is fixedly connected to the support plate, a large amount of air does not infiltrate therebetween, so the impedance of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the shape, width, thickness, and the like of the groove. And the groove forming, that is, the impedance determination, does not change with the environment thereafter.
  • the impedance is adjusted by adjusting the shape of the metal vibrator, and the solution provided by the invention for adjusting the plastic groove is easier to implement and low in cost.
  • the thickness of the support plate on which the groove is provided is 0.3-0.8 mm, preferably, when the thickness of the support disk is 1 In the case of mm, the thickness of the support plate provided with the groove is 0.5 mm, and the impedance of the antenna after adjusting the groove shape is 75 ohms.
  • the terminal block of at least one of the vibrating pieces is provided with a binding post which is connected to the coaxial cable through at least one wiring hole on the supporting plate.
  • the output ends of the two wiring ports are led to the same side of the support plate through the binding posts, thereby facilitating the connection with the coaxial cable.
  • the present invention still further provides a combined television antenna using the above omnidirectional antenna, comprising an omnidirectional antenna and a plurality of directional antenna elements, wherein the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna element are electrically connected to the signal processor, the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna, respectively.
  • the vibrator and the signal processor are fixed on the bracket, and the plurality of directional antenna vibrators are symmetrically arranged around the omnidirectional antenna.
  • a plurality of directional antenna elements are provided, which can overcome the defect that the receiving range of a single directional vibrator is narrow.
  • a plurality of directional antenna elements are symmetrically arranged around the omnidirectional antenna, which can maximize the receiving range of the entire combined antenna and avoid signal dead angle.
  • the combined television antenna comprises two directional antenna elements.
  • the two directional antenna elements are generally arranged along a line, and the omnidirectional antenna is located substantially in the middle of the line. More preferably, the two directional antenna elements are identical.
  • the use of identical directional antenna elements can simplify the signal processing process, reduce the development cost of the mold during the manufacturing process, and increase the scale efficiency.
  • the omnidirectional antenna is circular and the directional antenna elements are rectangular. Place the circular omnidirectional antenna in the center of the combined antenna. In addition to better reception, it can make the appearance more smooth and beautiful, reduce the volume and reduce the wind resistance.
  • the rectangular directional antenna vibrator is convenient to extend from the omnidirectional antenna and is also convenient for mold opening.
  • the above shape means that the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna element are both flat.
  • the flat antenna vibrator is easier to store in the outer casing for easy transportation and improves stability during operation.
  • the bracket comprises a central portion of the bracket and two bracket extensions extending from the central portion of the bracket in opposite directions, the omnidirectional antenna is fixed on the central portion of the bracket, and the two directional antenna elements are respectively fixed on the two bracket extensions.
  • the shape of the bracket is set, and in addition to being able to reduce the volume as much as possible, a better cooperation can be achieved to make the whole antenna more stable.
  • the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna vibrator are respectively fixed on the upper and lower sides of the bracket.
  • the antenna vibrators are arranged on both sides to make the vibrators overlap on both sides of the bracket, which can further reduce the volume.
  • all of the antenna elements are arranged in parallel with each other, which minimizes the thickness of the entire combined antenna, and is convenient for transportation, storage, and installation in a narrow place.
  • the directional antenna element includes an directional connection portion and a directional radiation portion, the directional connection portion being fixed to the bracket extension.
  • the provision of the directional connection allows the radiant functional portion of the directional antenna element to extend more flexibly.
  • the directional connection and the directional radiation form form a certain angle at the junction.
  • the directional connection as the reference surface, the directional radiation portion is disposed obliquely.
  • the direction of signal reception can be adjusted, and on the other hand, the windward area can be reduced, thereby reducing the influence of the wind resistance.
  • the directional joint is provided with a reinforcing rib.
  • the provision of the ribs can increase the mechanical strength of the directional joints and avoid bending or breaking due to excessively long shapes.
  • an upper cover and two lower covers that cooperate with the bracket, the upper cover completely covers the bracket, and the lower cover is rectangular and partially covers the directional antenna element (especially the directional connection).
  • the shape of the upper cover is basically consistent with the shape of the bracket, and the occupied space is minimized while completely covering and closing the bracket.
  • the lower cover covers a portion of the directional joint for easy removal.
  • a support base connected to the bracket is also provided.
  • the support base facilitates mounting the antenna body on any desired surface or component.
  • the above-mentioned omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna vibrator have a receiving frequency range of 470 to 862 MHz, covering the UHF band of the entire television signal.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: by the ingeniously arranged vibrator piece, the plurality of omnidirectional vibrator sets are formed, the wiring is simplified, and the mixer of the general multi-vibrator sub-system is omitted, and the cost is reduced.
  • the antenna of the present invention is easier to adjust the impedance, and the impedance after molding is stable, and does not change with the environment, thereby ensuring excellent signal receiving effect.
  • the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna vibrator are used in combination to cope with the signal receiving requirements in various situations; the plurality of directional antenna vibrators are symmetrically arranged around the omnidirectional antenna to maximize the receiving range and avoid receiving dead angles; By adjusting the shape of each vibrator, bracket, and housing, the space occupied by the combined antenna can be minimized for easy storage, transportation, and installation.
  • Figure 1 Front elevational view of one embodiment of an antenna of the present invention
  • FIG 2 is a perspective view of the vibrator piece of the antenna shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the vibrator piece of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of the vibrator piece of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of a combined television antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a combination diagram of a combined television antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of an embodiment of an antenna of the present invention, an omnidirectional television receiving antenna comprising a support disc 1 of plastic material and two vibrating pieces 2 offset from each other on the upper and lower surfaces of the support disc 1 (on the back side
  • the vibrator piece is not shown
  • the vibrator piece 2 is in the shape of a star
  • the vibrator piece 2 includes a wiring port 22 in the center of the vibrator piece 2, and three vibrator units radiating from the wiring port 22 at equal angles.
  • the vibrator unit includes one end and a wiring port. 22 connected conductive portion 24, and radiating portion 26 connected to the other end of the conducting portion 24, the two connecting ports 22 are connected to the coaxial cable.
  • a positioning post 12 is disposed on the support plate 1 to fix the vibrator piece 2 to the support plate 1.
  • the support plate 1 can also be provided with a buckle to fix the vibrator piece 2. Of course, the positioning post 12 and the buckle can also be provided at the same time.
  • the support plate 1 is further provided with a groove 14 in which the vibrator piece 2 is partially or completely embedded in the groove 14 to adjust the impedance of the antenna while positioning the vibrator piece 2, and the thickness and width of the groove 14 are adjusted through experimental tests.
  • the shape is such that the impedance of the antenna is 75 ohms.
  • the length of the radiation section is 12 Cm, width 1cm, the received signal frequency of the antenna is 470-862MHz.
  • the thickness of the support disk was 1 mm, and the thickness of the support disk on which the groove was provided was 0.5 mm.
  • the terminal block 22 is provided with a metal-made terminal block which passes through a wiring hole on the support disk 1, and the coaxial cable is connected to the two terminal blocks 22 on the same side of the support disk 1 (not shown).
  • Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of the vibrator piece of this embodiment
  • the solid line is the vibrator piece on the front side
  • the broken line is the vibrator piece on the back side.
  • the support disk is circular
  • one vibrator piece includes three vibrator units, and the conduction portions of the adjacent vibrator units are spaced apart by 120 degrees, and the circular shape is equally divided into three.
  • the radiating portion is curved and has a length of about 1/6 of the circumference.
  • the corresponding two conducting portions are located on the same radius of the circle, and the corresponding two radiating portions extend from the end of the corresponding conducting portion in a opposite direction along a circular circumference.
  • the corresponding two radiating portions constitute a half-wave oscillator and receive signals.
  • 3 is a perspective view of the vibrator piece of the embodiment.
  • the support disk is an equilateral triangle
  • one vibrator piece includes three vibrator units, and the conduction portion spacing of adjacent vibrator units is 120.
  • Degree, the triangle is equally divided into 3 parts.
  • the radiating portion is linear and has a length of about 1/2 of the side length of the triangle.
  • the corresponding two conducting portions are located on the center line of the same side of the triangle, and the corresponding two radiating portions extend from the foot to the two vertices of the side.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the vibrator piece of the embodiment.
  • the support plate is square, and one vibrator piece has four vibrator units, and the conduction portions of adjacent vibrator units are separated by 90 degrees. , divide the triangle equally into 4 parts.
  • the radiating portion is linear and has a length of about 1/2 of the square side length.
  • the corresponding two conducting portions are located on the center line of the same side of the square, and the corresponding two radiating portions extend from the foot to the two vertices of the side.
  • a combined television antenna includes an omnidirectional antenna 10 and two identical directional antenna elements 20, and the omnidirectional antenna 10 and the directional antenna element 20 are electrically connected respectively (not shown in the figure).
  • the two directional antenna elements 20 are generally disposed along a line, and the omnidirectional antenna 1 is generally at the center of the straight line segment.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 10 is circular.
  • the directional antenna element 20 includes a rectangular directional connection portion 210 and a rectangular directional radiation portion 220 that are at an angle to each other.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 10 and the two directional joints 210 are parallel to each other.
  • the bracket 40 includes a bracket central portion 410 and two bracket extending portions 420 extending from the bracket central portion 410 in opposite directions.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 10 is fixed on the upper side of the bracket central portion 410, and the two directional connecting portions 210 are respectively fixed at corresponding positions.
  • the signal processor 30 is fixed to the central portion 410 of the holder.
  • a reinforcing rib 230 is disposed on the directional connecting portion 210.
  • An upper cover 50 and two lower covers 60 are provided to cooperate with the bracket 40.
  • the upper cover 50 completely covers the bracket 40 from the upper side
  • the lower cover 60 is rectangular and covers a part of the directional connecting portion 210 from the lower side (about 2/5) volume).
  • a support base 70 is also provided that is coupled to the bracket 40. The signal line is passed through the cradle 40 by the signal processor 30 and passed through the support base 70 to be connected to a device that receives the television signal.
  • the receiving frequency range of the omnidirectional antenna 10 and the directional radiation portion 220 is 470 to 862 MHz.
  • a plurality of vibrator pieces and corresponding support plates of different specifications can be designed, and the antennas formed thereof have excellent omnidirectional signal receiving capabilities, and are convenient. Wiring and impedance stability.

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Abstract

一种全方位电视接收天线，包括支撑盘和振子，振子通过同轴电缆连接至信号处理器。所述振子包括在支撑盘的上下面相互错开的两个振子片，振子片呈星状；振子片包括处于振子片中间的接线埠，以及从接线埠以均等角度辐射的多个振子单元，两个接线埠与同轴电缆相连。还公开了一种包括该天线的组合式电视天线，包括上述全方位电视接收天线和多个定向天线振子。所述天线能够扩大接收范围，避免接收死角，并且简化了接线，降低了成本，便于收纳、运输和安装。

Description

一种全方位电视接收天线及采用这种天线的组合式电视天线
技术领域
本发明涉及无线电通讯领域，特别涉及一种全方位电视接收天线及采用这种天线的组合式电视天线。
背景技术
天线是一种在无线电设备中用来发射或接收电磁波的部件。无线电通信、广播、电视、雷达、导航、电子对抗、遥感、射电天文等工程系统，凡是利用电磁波来传递信息的，都依靠天线来进行工作。随着无线数字电视信号的普及，越来越多人在户外或移动中接收电视信号，而不只局限于室内。在户外特别是移动中接收电视信号，因为信号塔是固定的，而接收天线的位置会不断变化，因此需要使用全方位接收天线来保证较好的接收效果。
现有技术公开了一种全方位电视接收天线，其包含三对呈120度排列的半波振子天线阵，该天线阵通过75欧同轴电缆线接入混合器中。其中天线阵与同轴电缆线的连接方式为：用导线将两个振子的输出端连接至第三个振子的输出端，再从该第三个振子的输出端用导线接入同轴电缆的正极或负极。
现有技术还公开了一种电视接收天线，其包含U段折合振子，该U段振子由三个完全相同并弯成120度左右圆弧折合振子组成，并通过馈线与混合放大器相连。其中U段三付振子的接线方式为：三付弧形折合振子，通过铜箔环并联，再与同轴电缆相连。
可见上述全方位天线的接线方式都需要使用到额外的导线，接线复杂，且三对振子是相互独立的振子，需要配置混合器对信号进行混合处理。此外，传统的天线都是振子外露，空气填充在振子之间对振子的阻抗造成影响，在户外风速、气压、空气组成变化的环境下保证不了稳定的阻抗，从而影响接收信号的质量。
另外，在户外特别是移动中接收电视信号，因为信号塔是固定的，而接收天线的位置会不断变化，因此通常需要使用全向天线来保证较好的接收效果。而一旦位置固定下来，则使用定向天线会带来更好的收讯效果。即使是在移动之中，若能根据信号塔的方向变化而改变定向天线的朝向，则也能收到比全向天线更好的效果。因此在很多情况下都需要将全向天线与定向天线组合起来使用，以应对不同状态下的需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的缺陷，提供一种接线方便、信号处理简单的全方位电视接收天线及采用这种天线的组合式电视天线。
本发明通过下述方案达到以上目的。
一种全方位电视接收天线，包括支撑盘和振子，振子通过同轴电缆连接至信号处理器。所述振子包括在支撑盘的上下面相互错开的两个振子片，振子片呈星状，振子片包括处于振子片中间的接线埠，以及从接线埠以均等角度辐射的多个振子单元，两个接线埠同轴电缆相连。
本发明将接线埠直接作为振子片的一个部分，无需额外的导线来连接，简化了操作并避免了导线损坏等带来的风险。两个振子片相互错开，即两个振子片的辐射部位在支撑盘的同一位置的正反面上不重合，以免产生干扰。两个振子片的振子单元一一对应，形成多对功能上的振子组，多组振子的信号汇集到接线埠通过同轴电缆输出，无需额外设置混合器对信号进行混合，简化了天线组件的配置。上述支撑盘选用非金属材质，优选塑料材质，两个振子片紧贴于支撑盘的上下面，在支撑振子片的同时起到调节天线阻抗的作用。
振子单元是接收无线电信号的组件，在一个较佳的实施方案中，振子单元包括一端与接线埠连接的传导部，以及与传导部的另一端连接的辐射部。两个振子片的振子单元的传导部一一对应，辐射部也一一对应。传导部优选为细窄的直线状，其功能是将辐射部接收到的信号传导至接线埠。辐射部为接收信号的金属片，其形状优选为直线状或弧形状，与传导部的末端相连并且成一定角度。
辐射部的长度可以根据所需接收信号的频率进行调整。在一个较佳的实施方案中，辐射部的长度为11-13cm，宽度为0.5-1.5cm，当辐射部的长度为12cm时接收的信号频率为470-862MHz。
振子单元的个数可以根据对信号接收的需求进行调节。在较佳的实施方案中，振子单元的个数为3个，相邻振子单元的间隔为120度；或振子单元的个数为4个，相邻振子单元的间隔为90度；还可以是振子单元的个数为6个，相邻振子单元的间隔为60度；以上角度尤指相邻振子单元的传导部形成的角度。均匀分布的振子单元能使接收范围覆盖更均匀，并且尽可能减少相互之间的信号干扰。
支撑盘的形状根据振子单元的形状和个数进行调整。在较佳的实施方案中，支撑盘为正多边形或圆形。当辐射部为直线状时，支撑盘为正多边形，一般情况下是相对应的两个振子片的传导部位于正多边形的同一个边的中垂线上，相对应的两个辐射部从垂足分别延伸至该边的两个顶点，一个辐射部的长度为边长的二分之一；当辐射部为弧形状时，支撑盘为圆形，一般情况下是相对应的两个振子片的传导部位于圆形的同一条半径上并且一个振子片的多个传导部将圆形均等分割，相对应的两个辐射部从相对应的传导部的末端向相反方向沿圆形的圆周延伸，一个辐射部的长度为圆周长的1/（2N），N为一个振子片振子单元的个数。支撑盘的厚度为0.5-1.5mm，优选为1mm。
振子片可以通过多种方式固定在支撑盘上，在较佳的实施方案中，振子片通过设置在支撑盘上的定位柱和卡扣中的至少一种固定于支撑盘上。
为了解决传统天线由于填充有空气而阻抗不稳定的问题，本发明提出的优选方案是，支撑盘上设有凹槽，振子片部分或全部嵌入凹槽中。在该方案中，可以是传导部或辐射部的其中之一嵌入凹槽中，也可以是两者均嵌入凹槽中。由于振子片与支撑盘固定连接，其间不会渗入大量的空气，所以可以通过调整凹槽的形状、宽度、厚度等，来调节天线的阻抗。并且凹槽成形即阻抗确定，此后不会随环境而变化。相较于传统方法中通过调节金属振子的形状来调节阻抗，本发明提供的通过调节塑料凹槽的方案更容易实施且成本低廉。支撑盘上设置有凹槽处的厚度为0.3-0.8mm，优选地，当支撑盘的厚度为1 mm时，支撑盘上设置有凹槽处的厚度为0.5mm，调节凹槽形状后天线的阻抗为75欧姆。
为了进一步便于接线，在一个较佳的实施方案中，至少一个振子片的接线埠上设有接线柱，接线柱穿过支撑盘上的至少一个接线孔与同轴线缆相连。在此方案中通过接线柱将两个接线埠的输出端引至支撑盘的同一侧，从而方便了与同轴线缆的连接。
本发明还进一步提供一种采用上述全向天线的组合式电视天线，包括全向天线和多个定向天线振子，全向天线和定向天线振子分别电连接至信号处理器，全向天线、定向天线振子和信号处理器固定在支架上，多个定向天线振子以全向天线为中心对称地设置。将全向天线与定向天线振子连接至同一个信号处理器，能够根据不同的需求调用不同的天线振子，以达到任何情况下都能清晰接收信号的目的。由于定向天线振子的朝向对接收范围有很大影响，因此设置多个定向天线振子，可以克服单个定向振子接收范围狭窄的缺陷。多个定向天线振子以全向天线为中心对称地设置，能够最大可能地扩大整个组合天线的接收范围，避免信号死角。
优选地，所述组合式电视天线包括两个定向天线振子。两个定向天线振子大体沿一直线设置，全向天线大体位于直线的中间位置。更优选地，两个定向天线振子完全相同。采用完全相同的定向天线振子，能够将信号处理过程简化，也可以降低在生产制造过程中模具的开发成本，提高规模效益。
优选地，全向天线为圆形，定向天线振子为矩形。将圆形的全向天线置于组合天线的中心，除了接收效果更优之外，还能使外观更流畅美观，减少体积的同时减少风阻。矩形的定向天线振子方便从全向天线往外延伸，也方便开模制造。上述形状意味着全向天线和定向天线振子均为平板状。平板状天线振子更容易收纳于外壳之中，方便运输，同时能提高工作时的稳定性。
优选地，支架包括支架中央部以及从支架中央部向相反方向延伸的两个支架延伸部，全向天线固定在支架中央部上，两个定向天线振子分别固定在两个支架延伸部上。根据天线振子的形状来设置支架的形状，除了能尽可能减小体积，还能起到更好的配合作用，使整个天线更稳固。
更优选地，全向天线和定向天线振子分别固定在支架的上下两侧。分两侧设置天线振子，使振子在支架的两侧部分重合，能够进一步减小体积。更优选地，所有天线振子相互平行地设置，如此能最大程度减少整个组合天线的厚度，方便运输、收纳以及安装于狭窄的场所。
优选地，定向天线振子包括定向连接部和定向辐射部，定向连接部固定在支架延伸部上。定向连接部的设置允许定向天线振子的辐射功能部位更灵活地往外延伸。
优选地，定向连接部和定向辐射部在连接处形成一定夹角。以定向连接部为基准面，倾斜地设置定向辐射部，一方面能够借此调整信号接收的朝向，另一方面还能够减小迎风面积，从而减小风阻的影响。
优选地，定向连接部上设有加强筋。加强筋的设置能够增加定向连接部的机械强度，避免因形状过长而造成弯曲或折断。
优选地，还设有与支架相配合的上盖和两个下盖，上盖完全覆盖支架，下盖为矩形且部分覆盖定向天线振子（特别是定向连接部）。上盖的外形与支架的外形基本吻合，在完全覆盖并封闭支架的同时尽可能减小占用的空间。下盖覆盖定向连接部的一部分，便于拆卸。
优选地，还设有与支架连接的支撑座。支撑座方便将天线主体安装在任何需要的表面或部件之上。
作为电视天线，上述全向天线以及定向天线振子的接收频率范围均为470~862MHz，覆盖整个电视信号UHF频段。
本发明的有益效果在于：通过巧妙设置的振子片，在形成多个全方位振子组的同时，简化了接线，并且省去了一般多振子组方案的混合器，降低了成本。此外，通过凹槽的设置，使本发明的天线更容易调整阻抗，并且成型后的阻抗稳定，不会随环境变化，保证了优秀的信号接收效果。
另外，将全向天线和定向天线振子组合使用，能应对多种情况下的信号接收需求；多个定向天线振子以全向天线为中心对称地设置，最大限度地扩大接收范围，避免接收死角；通过调整各个振子、支架和外壳的形状，能够最大限度地减少组合天线占用的空间，便于收纳、运输和安装。
附图说明
图1：本发明的天线的一个实施例的正面视图；
图2：图1所示天线的振子片的透视图；
图3：本发明的振子片的另一个实施例的透视图；
图4：本发明的振子片的又一个实施例的透视图；
图5：为发明的实施例的组合式电视天线的分解图；
图6：为本发明的实施例的组合式电视天线的组合图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
图1为本发明的天线的一个实施例的正面视图，一种全方位电视接收天线，包括塑料材质的支撑盘1和在支撑盘1的上下面相互错开的两个振子片2（处于背面的振子片未图示），振子片2呈星状，振子片2包括处于振子片2中央的接线埠22，以及从接线埠22以均等角度辐射的3个振子单元，振子单元包括一端与接线埠22连接的传导部24，以及与传导部24的另一端连接的辐射部26，两个接线埠22与同轴电缆相连。
支撑盘1上设有定位柱12，以将振子片2固定于支撑盘1上。支撑盘1上还可以设有卡扣来固定振子片2，当然，也可以同时设有定位柱12和卡扣。支撑盘1上还设有凹槽14，振子片2部分或全部嵌入凹槽14中，在定位振子片2的同时起到调节天线阻抗的作用，通过实验测试调整凹槽14的厚度、宽度和形状，使天线的阻抗为75欧姆。辐射部的长度为12 cm，宽度为1cm，天线的接收信号频率为470-862MHz。支撑盘的厚度为1mm，支撑盘上设置有凹槽处的厚度为0.5mm。接线埠22上设有金属材质的接线柱，接线柱穿过支撑盘1上的接线孔，同轴线缆在支撑盘1的同一侧与两个接线埠22相连（未图示）。
图2展示了本实施例振子片的设置方式，实线为处于正面的振子片，虚线为处于背面的振子片。在本实施例中，支撑盘为圆形，一个振子片含有3个振子单元，相邻振子单元的传导部间隔120度，将圆形均等分割成3份。辐射部为弧形，长度约为圆周长的1/6。相对应的两个传导部位于圆形的同一条半径上，相对应的两个辐射部从相对应的传导部的末端向相反方向沿圆形的圆周延伸。相对应的两个辐射部构成半波振子，接收信号。
实施例2
图3为本实施例的振子片的透视图，本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于，支撑盘为正三角形，一个振子片含有3个振子单元，相邻振子单元的传导部间隔120度，将三角形均等分割成3份。辐射部为直线形，长度约为三角形边长的1/2。相对应的两个传导部位于三角形的同一条边的中垂线上，相对应的两个辐射部从垂足分别延伸至该边的两个顶点。
实施例3
图4为本实施例的振子片的透视图，本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于，支撑盘为正方形，一个振子片含有4个振子单元，相邻振子单元的传导部间隔90度，将三角形均等分割成4份。辐射部为直线形，长度约为正方形边长的1/2。相对应的两个传导部位于正方形的同一条边的中垂线上，相对应的两个辐射部从垂足分别延伸至该边的两个顶点。
实施例4
如图5和图6所示，一种组合式电视天线，包括全向天线10和两个完全相同的定向天线振子20，全向天线10和定向天线振子20分别电连接（图中未示出）至信号处理器30，两个定向天线振子20大体沿一直线设置，全向天线1大体处于直线段的中心。
全向天线10为圆形。定向天线振子20包括矩形的定向连接部210和矩形的定向辐射部220，两者相互成一夹角。全向天线10和两个定向连接部210相互平行。
支架40包括支架中央部410以及从支架中央部410向相反方向延伸的两个支架延伸部420，全向天线10固定在支架中央部410的上侧，两个定向连接部210分别固定在对应的支架延伸部420的下侧。信号处理器30固定在支架中央部410上。
定向连接部210上设有加强筋230。
设有与支架40相配合的上盖50和两个下盖60，上盖50从上侧完全覆盖支架40，下盖60为矩形且从下侧覆盖定向连接部210的一部分（约2/5体积）。还设有与支架40连接的支撑座70。信号线由信号处理器30穿过支架40并通过支撑座70穿出，与接收电视信号的设备相连。
全向天线10和定向辐射部220的的接收频率范围均为470~862MHz。
综上所述，在本发明构思的指引下，除上述实施例外，还可以设计出多种不同规格的振子片和相应的支撑盘，其构成的天线均具有优秀的全方位信号接收能力，方便接线并且阻抗稳定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种全方位电视接收天线，包括支撑盘和振子，振子通过同轴电缆连接至信号处理器，其特征在于所述振子包括在支撑盘的上下面相互错开的两个振子片，振子片呈星状，振子片包括处于振子片中间的接线埠，以及与从接线埠以均等角度辐射的多个振子单元，两个接线埠与同轴电缆相连。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的全方位电视接收天线，其特征在于所述振子单元包括一端与接线埠连接的传导部，以及与传导部的另一端连接的辐射部。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的全方位电视接收天线，其特征在于所述辐射部为直线状或弧形状。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的全方位电视接收天线，其特征在于辐射部的长度为11-13cm，宽度为0.5-1.5cm。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的全方位电视接收天线，其特征在于振子单元的个数为3个，相邻振子单元的间隔120度；或振子单元的个数为4个，相邻振子单元的间隔为90度。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的全方位电视接收天线，其特征在于支撑盘为正多边形或圆形，厚度为0.5-1.5mm。
  7. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的全方位电视接收天线，其特征在于所述振子片通过设置在支撑盘上的定位柱和卡扣中的至少一种固定于支撑盘上。
  8. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的全方位电视接收天线，其特征在于所述支撑盘上还设有凹槽，振子片部分或全部嵌入凹槽中。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的全方位电视接收天线，其特征在于支撑盘上设有凹槽处的厚度为0.3-0.8mm。
  10. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的全方位电视接收天线，其特征在于至少一个振子片的接线埠上设有接线柱，接线柱穿过支撑盘上的至少一个接线孔与同轴线缆相连。
  11. 一种组合式电视天线，包括权力要求1所述的全向天线和多个定向天线振子，全向天线和定向天线振子分别电连接至信号处理器，全向天线、定向天线振子和信号处理器固定在支架上，其特征在于多个定向天线振子以全向天线为中心对称地设置。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的组合式电视天线，其特征在于包括两个定向天线振子。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的组合式电视天线，其特征在于全向天线为圆形，定向天线振子为矩形。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的组合式电视天线，其特征在于支架包括支架中央部以及从支架中央部向相反方向延伸的两个支架延伸部，全向天线固定在支架中央部上，两个定向天线振子分别固定在两个支架延伸部上。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的组合式电视天线，其特征在于全向天线和定向天线振子分别固定在支架的上下两侧。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的组合式电视天线，其特征在于定向天线振子包括定向连接部和定向辐射部，定向连接部固定在支架延伸部上。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的组合式电视天线，其特征在于定向连接部和定向辐射部在成一定夹角。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的组合式电视天线，其特征在于定向连接部上设有加强筋。
  19. 如权利要求11-18中任一项所述的组合式电视天线，其特征在于还设有与支架相配合的上盖和两个下盖，上盖完全覆盖支架，下盖为矩形且部分覆盖定向天线振子。
  20. 如权利要求11-18中任一项所述的组合式电视天线，其特征在于还设有与支架连接的支撑座。
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