WO2014007585A1 - 세포 이미징 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
세포 이미징 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014007585A1 WO2014007585A1 PCT/KR2013/006011 KR2013006011W WO2014007585A1 WO 2014007585 A1 WO2014007585 A1 WO 2014007585A1 KR 2013006011 W KR2013006011 W KR 2013006011W WO 2014007585 A1 WO2014007585 A1 WO 2014007585A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/52—Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0028—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for endoscopes, ophthalmoscopes, attachments to conventional microscopes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
- G02B21/365—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes
- G02B21/367—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes providing an output produced by processing a plurality of individual source images, e.g. image tiling, montage, composite images, depth sectioning, image comparison
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N2015/1006—Investigating individual particles for cytology
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q60/00—Particular types of SPM [Scanning Probe Microscopy] or microscopes; Essential components thereof
- G01Q60/24—AFM [Atomic Force Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. AFM probes
- G01Q60/38—Probes, their manufacture, or their related instrumentation, e.g. holders
- G01Q60/42—Functionalisation
Definitions
- the present invention is made by the task number NN05790 under the support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, the research management specialized organization of the task is the Korea Research Foundation, the research project name is “future-based technology development project”, the research title is "labeled bio-marker bio Framework R & D ”, the lead institution is Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, and the research period is 2010.04.01 ⁇ 2011.03.31.
- the present invention relates to a cell imaging method and apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for obtaining a realistic three-dimensional image of a cell.
- a representative method for identifying the three-dimensional distribution of the molecules or elements constituting the cell is the fluorescence imaging technique.
- Fluorescence imaging techniques attach fluorescent markers to specific molecules in cells or manipulate them to express fluorescence by genetic manipulation and then fluorescence Images allow us to identify the three-dimensional distribution of the target molecule.
- a device to which the fluorescence imaging technique is applied there is a confocal laser microscope.
- the fluorescence imaging technique has a drawback in that foreign substances such as fluorescent genes or fluorescent markers are introduced into the cells, thereby imaging in an artificial state rather than the natural state of the cells themselves.
- a certain concentration or more must be present in the cell. Therefore, low-molecular weight molecules cannot be identified even by attaching markers or genetic manipulation.
- the fluorescence image since the fluorescence image is viewed, whether the target molecule is attached to the marker cannot be confirmed.
- One method that can be used when the concentration of a particular molecule is low is to overexpress it by giving a cell to the cell, or in the case of DNA or RNA, after increasing the concentration of the molecule through replication amplification, it is measured.
- a cell is treated with a specific confectionery and then cultured simultaneously with an untreated control to increase the number of cells, separate them, and then cell lysis, followed by centrifugation and electrophoresis (using gel electrophoresis) or mass spec (mass spectroscope) 'by a method of comparison that any increase molecules decreases.
- this method is time consuming and expensive reagents are used.
- continuous observation is difficult because cells are observed by killing.
- SEM Scanning Electron Microscope
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
- AFM Atomic Force Microscope
- STM Scanning Tunneling Microscope
- An electron scanning microscope detects secondary electrons or back scattered electrons with the highest probability of occurrence of various signals generated from a sample when an electron beam is scanned on a sample surface. Observe. However, in electron scanning microscopes, it is difficult to image molecules, and after freezing the specimen, There is a drawback to coating.
- An electron transmission microscope observes the electron beam which permeate
- electron transmission microscopes can image molecules, but require long imaging and analysis time, and have the disadvantage of thinning after freezing the specimen.
- the atomic force microscope is a pyramid-shaped probe that scans in two dimensions while contacting the sample surface.
- inorganic or metal specimens allow atomic imaging.
- the resolution deteriorates rapidly.
- the interatomic microscope may have a low resolution because the resolution is very small and the imaging area is very small, and the living cells change shape spontaneously or under the influence of a microscope probe.
- Scanning tunnel microscope is a type of scanning probe microscope that analyzes the shape of the sample surface using tunnel current. Scanning tunnel microscopy allows atomic imaging, but there is a problem that imaging is not possible for cells containing large amounts of water because they operate in a vacuum.
- many papers and patent documents are referenced and their citations are indicated. The disclosures of cited papers and patent documents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and the level of the technical field to which the present invention belongs and the contents of the present invention are more clearly explained.
- the present inventors made diligent research efforts to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and as a result, have developed a three-dimensional cell imaging method and apparatus which enables the practical imaging of molecules and various organelles in cells.
- the inventors of the present invention provides a cell imaging method capable of imaging the shape of a living cell and preventing distortion caused by chemical or physical stimulation to the cell in imaging the cell. The device was developed.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a cell imaging method. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cell imaging device. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, claims and drawings.
- the invention provides a cell imaging method comprising the following steps:
- a solid specimen of (i) cells, (ii) virus, liquid containing (iii) cells or liquid containing (i v ) virus is prepared.
- the present invention can be applied to a variety of cells and viruses, and solid specimens are prepared using these various cells, viruses, and liquids containing the same.
- Cells that can be imaged by the present invention include prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells that can be imaged by the present invention include bacteria (or eubacteria) and achibacteria.
- bacteria that can be imaged by the present invention include Escherichia col i, Thermus thermophilics, Bacillus subtil is, Baci 1 his st earo thermoph / Jus, Salmonella typhi murium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Staphylococcus, Lactobaci 1 lus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus
- bacteria or eubacteria
- achibacteria examples include Escherichia col i, Thermus thermophilics, Bacillus subtil is, Baci 1 his st earo thermoph / Jus, Salmonella typhi murium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Staphylococcus, Lactobaci 1 lus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus
- One is not limited
- Examples of achibacteria that can be imaged by the present invention are Methanococcus jannaschii (Mj), Methanosarcina mazei (Mm), Me thanobac teriutn thermoautotrophicum (Mt), Methanococcus mar ipaludis, Methanopyrus kandleri, Halobacterium, Archaeoglobus ful hodurik irococ (Ph), Pyrobaculum aerophi lum, Pyrococcus abyss i, Sulfolobus solfataricus (Ss), Sulfolobus tokodaii, Aeuropynim per nix (Ap), Thermoplaswa acidophi lum and Therwoplasma volcanh.
- Mj Methanococcus jannaschii
- Mm Methanosarcina mazei
- Eukaryotic cells that can be imaged by the present invention include, but are not limited to, fungal cells, yeast, plant cells (eg monocotyledonous plants, dicotyledonous plants and algae) and animal cells (eg, mammals, insect reptiles, birds). no.
- the imaged copper cells can be human, mouse, rat, cow, pig, horse, sheep, rabbit, goat, algae, fish and stratum corneum.
- the animal cells which can be imaged by the present invention include blood cells, immune cells, stem cells, somatic cells, sex cells, tumor cells, cancer cells and normal cells.
- Viruses that can be imaged by the present invention include animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages, for example, HBV hepatitis B vir is (HCV), hepat it is C vir is (HCV), and hepat it is A vir is ), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), reovirus, Sendai virus, myxovirus, coronavirus, encephalomyelitis virus, rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, measles virus, vaccinia virus, rabies virus, Epstein ⁇ Barr virus, rhinovirus, polio virus and herpes virus, Limited to this no ⁇
- HBV hepatitis B vir is (HCV)
- C vir HCV
- a vir vir is
- C vir hepat it is C vir
- a vir vir is
- the preparation of the solid specimen is carried out by (i) cell, (ii) virus, (iii) a liquid comprising a cell or (iv) a liquid comprising a virus.
- frozen samples can be obtained by freezing cells or viruses themselves.
- a frozen specimen may be obtained by driving a liquid containing a virus or a liquid containing a virus.
- Liquids containing cells or viruses include, but are not limited to, media or biological fluids used for culturing cells or viruses.
- Freezing to obtain a frozen specimen can be carried out according to various refrigeration methods known in the art.
- the refrigeration is a temperature range of -200 ° C to -15 ° C, a temperature range of -180 ° C to -20 ° C, a temperature range of -150 ° C to -35 ° C, -200 ° C It can be carried out in the temperature range of to -55 ° C.
- the freezing may be performed by impregnating cells in a mixture of solid carbon dioxide and alcohol or liquid nitrogen.
- the mixture of the solid carbon dioxide and alcohol or liquid nitrogen may be contained in a container.
- the container may be located directly in a freezer, and the freezer may be set at a desired temperature (eg, _35 ° C or less).
- the freezer may be a programmed freezer or a speed control freezer.
- the copper specimen may be stored at a temperature below the temperature at which recrystallization occurs, such as at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of pure water (eg, 135 ° C.).
- the driving is carried out at rapid driving.
- the term “quick freezing” generally refers to the formation of ice crystals by passing a maximum ice crystal formation zone (eg, 5 ° C. to ⁇ 1 ° C., freezing rate of 80% or more) in a short time (eg, within 30 to 35 minutes). It is meant to reduce the size or to produce amorphous ice (or glass ice).
- the freezing to obtain a frozen specimen is a rapid freezing to produce amorphous ice, a vitrification freezing method.
- cryoprotectants such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS0) can be used for deep freezing.
- solid specimens eg copper specimens
- suitable imaging instruments Cell imaging at the atom / molecular level is possible, for example using AFM or STM.
- AFM AFM
- STM STM
- room temperature it is preferable to image at a low temperature below the freezing point because amorphous ice melts.
- imaging at atmospheric pressure and low temperature since the moisture in the air may be frozen in the cold portion of the imaging device, it is preferable to perform imaging in an environment where moisture is removed (for example, nitrogen atmosphere).
- the surface of the solid specimens is removed and new surfaces removed to obtain a three-dimensional image of the solid specimen (eg, frozen specimens).
- surface removal of the solid specimen is carried out by sublimation of ice on the surface of the solid specimen (eg, copper specimen).
- Water accounts for more than 80% of the biological environment (e.g., cells, tissues, body fluids and blood), ice formed during the preparation of the solid state specimens (e.g., copper specimens), preferably amorphous ice Should be removed with minimal damage.
- the surface of the specimen is removed by sublimating ice on the surface of the solid specimen (eg, copper specimen).
- sublimation is carried out by adjusting the pressure at isothermal below the triple point.
- sublimation for surface removal is carried out by controlling the temperature at isostatic pressure below the triple point.
- the temperature control for the sublimation can be carried out using a heater or a cooler, for example, the pressure control can be carried out using a vacuum pump or a cold tram.
- the pressure control can be carried out using a vacuum pump or a cold tram.
- the sublimation occurs without passing the liquid from the solid state to the gas state.
- the surface of the solid specimen eg, frozen specimen
- a new surface to be collected for surface information is formed.
- the surface removal of the solid specimen is carried out using a physical force or a pan.
- physical forces or beams are used in surface removal to remove macromolecules or organelles within the cell membrane or cells.
- a physical force is used to remove the surface, it is preferably pushed (pushed) or pulled (pulled) using a probe of an SPKScanning probe microscope.
- SPM equipped with a suitable probe in the present invention is AFM (atomic force microscope), STM (scanning tunneling microscope), BEEMCbal 1 istic electron emission microscope (CFMC), C-AFM, (conductive atomic force microscope), electrostat ic force microscopy (EMF), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope (ESTM), force modulation microscope (FMM), kelvin probe force microscope (KPFM), magnet ic force microscope (MFM), MRFKmagnet ic resonance force microscope, near-ield scanning optical microscope (NS0M), scanning near-field optical microscope (SN0M), Pizoresponse Force Microscope (PFM), PSTMC hoton scanning tunneling microscope, photot hernial microscope (PTMS), scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM), scanning capacitance microscope (SCM), scanning gate microscope (SGM), SICK scanning ion-conductance microscope (SSM), s in polarized scanning tunneling microscope (SSM), SSRM (scanning spreading resistance microscope), scanning thermal microscope (SThM),
- AFM atomic force microscope
- the surface removal of the solid specimen is preferably performed using an ion beam, more preferably an atomic ion beam.
- an ion beam more preferably an atomic ion beam.
- surface removal of the solid specimen using physical force or beam is performed to remove macromolecules, chromosomes, ribosomes or organelles remaining in the cells after surface removal by sublimation.
- the atomic composition ratio of the target to be removed is measured by measuring at least one component selected from the group consisting of electrons, ions, light, and X-rays generated during the surface removal process after surface removal by the ion beam.
- the method further includes the step of analyzing.
- the atomic composition ratio analysis is performed using AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) XPS (x- ray photoelectron spectroscopy) or EDX (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy).
- AES Alger electron spectroscopy
- XPS x- ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- EDX energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
- SPM scanning probe microscope
- the collection of information on the surface of the solid specimen is preferably performed using a scanning probe microscope (SPM).
- SPM is a tool for measuring the physical properties of analytes on micrometer and / or nanometer scales.
- the SPM uses a probe (probe), which is located very close to the surface of the analyte.
- the probe can be mounted on a cantilever with a few hundred micrometers in length and a thickness of 0.5-5 micrometers.
- SPM methods are described in Wang et al. , Amer. Chem. Soc. Lett. 12: 1697-98. 1996; Kim et al. , Appl. Surface Sci. 130, 230, 34 132: 602-609, 1998; Kobayashi et al. , Appl.
- the SPM used for collecting surface information in the present invention is
- Atomic force microscope AFM
- scanning tunneling microscope STM
- bal 1 ist ic electron emission microscope BEEM
- chemical force microscope CFM
- conductive atomic force microscope C-AFM
- electrostatic force microscopy EMF
- EMF electrostatic force microscopy
- EMF Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope
- FMM force modulat ion microscope
- MRFM magnet ic resonance force microscope
- N0M near-ield scanning optical microscope
- N0M Scanning near-field optical microscope
- PFM Piezoresponse Force Microscope
- PTM photon scanning tunneling microscope
- PTMS photothermal microscope
- SECM scanning electrochemical microscope
- SECM scanning capacitance microscope
- SCM scanning gate microscope
- SPSM spin polarized scanning tunneling microscope
- SPSM scanning spreading resistance microscope
- SThM scanning thermal microscope
- STM SVMC scanning voltage microscope
- P scanning Hal 1 probe
- AFM is U.S. Pat. No. 5,497,656; Moller et al. , Biophys. J., 77: 115 8, 1999; Thundat et al., Scanning Microsc. 6: 911-8, 1992; Hansma et al. , Nucleic Acids Res. , 21: 505 '12, 1993; Murray et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 3811-4, 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the collection of surface information is carried out by measuring the force (preferably van der Waals force) acting between the surface of the solid specimen and the probe.
- the force preferably van der Waals force
- the collection of surface information is carried out by measuring the force (preferably van der Waals force) acting between the surface of the solid specimen and the probe.
- the method of the present invention further comprises repeating steps (c) and (d), by which the three-dimensional image of the cell or virus to be analyzed can be obtained.
- the method of the present invention can provide an image (preferably three-dimensional image) of the interior of the cell and the cell membrane surface. More specifically, the method of the present invention includes receptors, channels, cell membrane proteins, cell surface carbohydrates, cell surface markers, intracellular organelles, chromosomes, proteins (eg, enzymes, antibodies, antigens, structural proteins, hormones). , Growth factors, serum proteins), nucleic acid molecules (eg, DNA, RNA, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, siRNA), carbohydrates and lipids can be provided.
- the present invention can grasp the three-dimensional structure of the above-described biomolecules, particularly proteins.
- the methods of the present invention can provide images (preferably three-dimensional images) of the interior and surface of the virus.
- the present invention provides a cell imaging device comprising:
- a liquid comprising (i) a cell, (ii) a virus, (iii) a cell, or
- a temperature regulating means for regulating temperature (ii) a pressure regulating means for regulating pressure, or (iii) a temperature for regulating temperature Regulating means and pressure regulating means for regulating pressure;
- image processing means for generating an image for the specimen by processing the surface information acquired by the surface measuring means.
- the cell imaging device of the present invention is described in detail below.
- the surface of the cell In addition to images, it is possible to obtain information about molecules, and even atoms, which make up various biomolecules and organelles present in cells. In addition, it is possible to grasp information about interactions between biomolecules and organic relationships between organelles.
- frozen specimens will contain at least thousands or tens of thousands of cells, so the information obtained from each can be combined to obtain three-dimensional images of cell structures other than the water contained in the cells and to verify the relationship between each cell structure.
- the cultured cells are treated with an anticancer agent.
- Cultures containing anticancer drug treated cells are rapidly frozen to produce specimens of amorphous or glassy ice.
- the pressure and temperature in the observation chamber are adjusted to sublimate the ice to remove the surface of the test specimen. After sublimation, remove the surface of the specimen to the desired level and stop the sublimation again by raising the pressure or raising the temperature.
- intracellular mitochondria are of interest, the location of the intracellular mitochondria is confirmed using an optical microscope and the surface such as cell membranes are removed to expose the mitochondria to the surface of the specimen using surface removal means.
- the surface measuring means then observes the surface irregularities to obtain information about the atoms and morphology of the specimen surface.
- optical imaging may be added by attaching a fluorescent marker, which is a conventional technique, to the mitochondria to be observed, or by causing the mitochondria to fluoresce by genetic manipulation.
- the effects of anticancer agents on mitochondria can be identified by repeatedly removing the surface layers of frozen specimens and obtaining surface images and atomic information.
- the present invention can be widely used for basic research on cells, interaction between germs and cells, changes in cells, effects of chemicals and chemicals on cells, research on cell differentiation and replication, and the like.
- the present invention provides a method for analyzing an analyte in a sample comprising the following steps: (a) solidifying a liquid containing a sample to prepare a solid specimen;
- the inventors have developed an analytical technique and apparatus capable of performing qualitative and quantitative analysis of analytes in samples with improved sensitivity and accuracy.
- analysis refers to determining whether an analyte is present in a sample (quantitative analysis), the amount of analyte (quantitative analysis), and the structure of an analyte in a sample (structural analysis). It has a comprehensive meaning.
- a solid specimen of a liquid containing a sample is prepared.
- liquid samples to which the present invention is applied include biological samples, chemical samples, and environmental samples.
- the preparation of the solid specimen is carried out by freezing the liquid containing the sample.
- the analyte in the sample By collecting surface information, it is possible to obtain information (eg, three-dimensional images) about the analyte in the sample, from which the presence or absence (quantitative analysis) and content (quantitative analysis) of the analyte in the sample can be determined. In addition, it is possible to determine the structure of the sample to be analyzed in the sample, such as the tertiary structure of the protein. In addition, the information may determine whether the analyte in the sample is combined with other substances.
- information eg, three-dimensional images
- the structure of the sample to be analyzed in the sample, such as the tertiary structure of the protein.
- the information may determine whether the analyte in the sample is combined with other substances.
- the method of the present invention comprises the steps (c)
- the method may further include repeating (d), and may analyze the concentration or amount of the detection target by the repetition.
- the method of the present invention comprises the step of (d) after the surface information collected in step (d) for known materials And comparing with reference surface information.
- the sample used in the present invention is a biological sample.
- Biological samples that can be used in the present invention include a variety of biological samples, preferably blood, plasma, serum, lymph, bone marrow fluid, saliva, milk, urine, feces, eye fluid, semen, brain extract, spinal fluid, joint fluid Thymic fluid, ascites fluid, amniotic fluid or cellular tissue fluid.
- the analyte in the biological sample is a protein (eg, enzyme, receptor, cell membrane protein, antibody, antigen, structural protein, growth factor, hormone, serum protein, cancer marker), nucleic acid molecule (eg, DNA, RNA, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, siRNA), lipids, carbohydrates or small molecular weight compounds.
- a protein eg, enzyme, receptor, cell membrane protein, antibody, antigen, structural protein, growth factor, hormone, serum protein, cancer marker
- nucleic acid molecule eg, DNA, RNA, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, siRNA
- lipids eg, carbohydrates or small molecular weight compounds.
- the analyte is a protein-protein complex that interacts with each other in a biological sample. According to the present invention it is possible to accurately determine whether the binding between the proteins.
- the analyte is a complex between the drug candidate and its target molecule. According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately determine whether a drug candidate is bound to its biological target (eg, a receptor).
- the analyte is a disease marker substance in a biological sample, more preferably a cancer marker substance.
- cancer markers are detected through EL ISA (Enzyme ⁇ 1 inked immunosorbent assay) and PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) using antigen-antibody reaction.
- EL ISA Enzyme ⁇ 1 inked immunosorbent assay
- PCR Polymerase chain reaction
- these detection methods have a problem in accuracy, but also have a big problem in sensitivity.
- cancer markers can hardly be detected in biological samples (for example, blood).
- biological samples for example, blood.
- cancer markers not detected by the conventional method can be detected, which can lead to a breakthrough in cancer diagnosis.
- the invention provides an analytical device for analysis in a sample comprising: (a) a temperature control means for controlling temperature dispersion, ( ⁇ ) a pressure control means for adjusting pressure, or (iii) a temperature for controlling temperature Regulating means and pressure regulating means for regulating pressure;
- the present invention provides a method for analyzing an analyte in a gas sample, comprising the following steps:
- the structure of the analysis target in the sample can be determined from the information.
- the method further comprises repeating steps (c) and (d) and analyzing the concentration or amount of the detection target by the repetition.
- the method further comprises the step of comparing the surface information collected in step (d) with reference surface information for a known material.
- the analyte is a gas in the atmosphere, Viruses, fungi, bacteria, volatile compounds, or radioactive materials.
- the atmosphere is the atmosphere of the street or hospital, factory, school, park, home, company or laboratory, or the atmosphere of the discharge of the vehicle.
- the atmosphere is the exhalation of an animal.
- the present invention provides an analytical device for analyte in a gas sample comprising:
- image processing means for generating an image for the specimen by processing the surface information acquired by the surface measuring means.
- the present invention is a cell imaging method that provides information to grasp the actual state of the cell.
- the present invention can obtain information about molecules and atoms that make up various biomolecules and organelles present in cells as well as surface images of cells.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cell imaging apparatus and cell imaging method of the present invention according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cell imaging device of the present invention according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. [Specific contents to carry out invention]
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a cell imaging method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the device of the present invention comprises (i) a cell
- the solidification means is a freezing means.
- the cells 12 to be analyzed are frozen, preferably flash frozen, for cell imaging according to the present invention.
- the freezing means is a rapid pulsing means and the quick freezing means produces water on the inside, outside or surface of the cell or virus as amorphous ice.
- the biological fluid or culture solution containing the cell 12 will be rapidly driven.
- the biological fluid or culture solution containing the cell 12 will be rapidly driven.
- the culture solution containing the cells 12 may be rapidly driven.
- Obtain the passive specimen (10) by quick freezing. The rapid pulsation of liquid water does not result in damage to the cells 12 because it does not become crystalline ice but becomes vitrified ice or amorphous ice. As a result, observations of real cells 12 in the intact state It becomes possible.
- rapidly pulsing a biological liquid or a culture medium containing the cells 12 it may be considered to rapidly freeze the biological liquid or the culture medium in a tray shaped like a petri dish.
- the rapidly frozen specimen 10 obtained in FIG. 1A is moved to the observation chamber 20 as shown in FIG.
- the inside of the observation chamber 20 is preferably kept below the freezing point to prevent thawing of the specimen 10.
- the water vapor may be freeze-attached to the inside of the observation chamber 20 or to an apparatus for imaging, and the inside of the observation chamber 20 may be free of water vapor, for example, in a nitrogen atmosphere. It is preferred to remain at.
- An optical microscope 32 may be provided above the observation chamber 20.
- the optical microscope 32 performs the function of acquiring an optical image of the specimen 10 including the cells. It is also possible to obtain an upper image of the specimen 10 with an electron microscope instead of an optical microscope. The reason for having an optical microscope or an electron microscope is to check the image of the specimen 10 to determine the position of the cell or cell structure to be observed.
- amorphous ice is solid, it can be imaged at the molecular or atomic level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning tunnel microscope (STM). Accordingly, surface measuring means 34 are preferably provided in the observation chamber 20 for measuring the upper surface of the specimen and thus producing an image.
- a scanning probe microscope SPM: Scanning Probe Microscope
- AFM atomic force microscopy
- the atomic force microscope is divided into a contact mode and a non-contact mode, depending on whether the specimen 10 and the probe 36 are in contact.
- Information about the surface of the specimen 10 is obtained by measuring the attractive force (van der Waals force) between the surface of the specimen 10 and the probe 36 for measuring the curvature in the contact mode and the repulsive force in the non-contact mode.
- the contact mode may damage the specimen 10 due to the nature of the detection method.
- a tapping mode AFM may be used in a manner that overcomes this disadvantage.
- the surface measuring means 34 may also be a scanning tunnel microscope (STM).
- the surface measuring means 34 such as an atomic force microscope or a scanning tunnel microscope
- imaging microcellular components or molecules such as membrane proteins or receptors present in the cell membrane can be imaged. It is also possible to image cancer markers, etc., which are present in very small amounts in the blood and could not be detected by conventional techniques.
- an atomic force microscope, a scanning tunnel microscope, or the like it is also possible to image a minute three-dimensional shape.
- the image obtained in the above process can be said to be substantially a two-dimensional image, not a three-dimensional image of the cell.
- the pulverized specimen 10 As a method of removing the surface of the pulverized specimen 10, it may be considered to sublimate and remove amorphous ice on the surface of the specimen 10 by adjusting the temperature and pressure in the observation chamber 20. Only solid ice and gas water vapor are present at temperatures or pressures below the triple point in the phase equilibrium of water. Therefore, when the temperature is raised while maintaining a constant pressure below the triple point, the solid state ice sublimes into gaseous water vapor. Alternatively, when the pressure is lowered at a temperature below the triple point, the solid state ice sublimes into gaseous water vapor. Of course, it is also possible to sublimate the solid ice into water vapor by controlling the temperature and pressure together below the triple point.
- the temperature and pressure can be adjusted to remove the surface of the frozen specimen 10.
- the heater 22 and the recess 24 are attached to the observation chamber 20.
- a vacuum pump 30 connected to the inside of the observation chamber 20 for pressure control is provided.
- the observation chamber is provided with a gas outlet 28 and a gas supply port for supplying a gas such as nitrogen 26 is provided.
- the gas outlet 28 may be connected with the vacuum pump 30.
- Figure 1 (c) shows a state in which the surface layer of the specimen 10 is removed to a small thickness in the same manner as above.
- an optical microscope 32 and / or surface measuring means 34 are used to acquire an image of a cell or elements constituting the cells.
- the probe 36 of an interatomic microscope (AFM) or a follow-up tunnel microscope (STM) can be directly removed by pushing or pulling the cell walls, cell membranes, macromolecules or organelles that have already been imaged. have.
- AFM interatomic microscope
- STM follow-up tunnel microscope
- a separate removal probe may be provided in the chamber and the removal probe may be used to remove a structure protruding to the upper portion of the specimen.
- the SPM equipped with the probe as the surface measuring means is used as the surface removing means for removing the surface of the solid specimen with a physical force.
- the atomic analyzer is provided in the observation chamber 20.
- the apparatus of the present invention further comprises a spectroscope for collecting the chemical composition of the test specimen, more preferably, an auger electron spectroscope (AES) x-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) or Includes energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDX).
- AES auger electron spectroscope
- XPS x-ray photoelectron spectroscope
- EDX energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a cell imaging apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the cell imaging device of the present invention comprises ( a ) a temperature control means for regulating the temperature of a solid specimen, (ii) a pressure regulating means for regulating pressure, or (iii) a temperature regulating means and pressure for regulating temperature. Pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure; (b) surface measuring means for acquiring surface information of the solid specimen; And (c) image processing means for processing the surface information acquired by the surface measuring means to generate an image for the specimen.
- the temperature / pressure adjusting means and the surface measuring means may be located in various ways.
- the temperature regulating means and / or the pressure regulating means and the surface measuring means may be located in one chamber.
- the temperature extruding means and / or the pressure regulating means and the surface measuring means may be located in one chamber separately from the solidifying means (for example, the refrigerating means), and the L-ignifying means, the silver adjusting means and / or the pressure regulating means
- the means and the surface measuring means may each be located in separate chambers.
- the silver adjusting means and / or the pressure adjusting means and the surface measuring means are located in one chamber separately from the solidifying means (eg the freezing means).
- the chamber in which the surface measuring means is located is called the observation chamber.
- the observation chamber 20 houses a frozen specimen 10 of rapidly pulsating cells or cell-containing biological or culture fluids.
- the observation chamber 20 is provided at one side with a gas supply port 26 in communication with a dehumidifying gas supply unit 27 for maintaining in a dehumidified air or nitrogen atmosphere in order to maintain the atmosphere from which water vapor has been removed.
- a gas outlet 28 for discharging the gas inside the observation chamber 20 to the outside is provided at one side of the observation chamber 20, for example, at the bottom of the observation chamber 20.
- a specimen table 38 may be provided for positioning the frozen specimen 10 in the center of the observation chamber 20.
- the temperature control means 23 for adjusting the temperature of the observation chamber 20 is provided in the observation chamber 20, the temperature control means 23 includes a cooling unit 24 and the heating unit 22 The temperature inside the observation chamber 20 can be increased or decreased.
- the observation chamber 20 is connected to the pressure adjusting means 30 to adjust the pressure of the observation chamber 20.
- the pressure regulating means 30 may be a vacuum pump.
- the temperature or pressure can be adjusted to sublimate the upper ice of the copper specimen 10 by steam.
- the gas inside the observation chamber 20 including the sublimed water vapor is discharged through the gas outlet 28, and supplies the dehumidified gas back into the observation chamber 20 through the gas supply port 26.
- Observation chamber 20 is provided with a surface measuring means 34, the surface The measuring means 34 can be an atomic force microscope or a scanning tunnel microscope.
- the probe of an atomic force microscope or a scanning tunnel microscope is located inside the observation chamber 20 and measures the surface of the upper specimen.
- the probe may be used for the purpose of removing the cell structure on the upper surface of the copper specimen if necessary.
- the image processing means 50 processes the surface information of the frozen specimen 10 measured by the probe 26 of the surface measuring means 34 to generate a two-dimensional image of the surface of the specimen 10.
- the image processor 50 is connected to a visual display device (not shown) to display a processed two-dimensional image.
- the information obtained by the surface measuring means 34 may be a three-dimensional image having minute depth information.
- the image processing means 50 forms a three-dimensional image of the cell or the elements constituting the cell by combining the plurality of layered images of the frozen specimen 10 thus obtained repeatedly.
- test specimen solid specimen
- cell cell
- heater 23 temperature control means
- Cooling part 26 Gas supply port
- Image processing means 100 The specific part of the present invention has been described in detail above the cell imaging device, for those skilled in the art, such a specific technology is only a preferred embodiment, the scope of the present invention is limited It is obvious that it is not. Accordingly, the substantial scope of the invention will be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
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US4967825A (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-11-06 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | High resolution replicas |
DE10258104B4 (de) * | 2002-12-11 | 2005-11-03 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh | Präparathalter mit Entnahmehilfe für die Mikrotomie und die AFM-Mikroskopie |
US8941057B2 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2015-01-27 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Probe and method for obtaining three-dimensional compositional maps of a biological sample |
EP2416165A1 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2012-02-08 | FEI Company | Method of forming a 3D reconstruction of a sample using a scanning probe microscope |
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- 2013-07-05 WO PCT/KR2013/006011 patent/WO2014007585A1/ko active Application Filing
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US20040140427A1 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2004-07-22 | Korchev Yuri Evgenievich | Patch-clamping and its use in analysing subcellular features |
KR20110079516A (ko) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-07 | 한국기초과학지원연구원 | 다이아몬드쏘를 활용한 나노/바이오 시료의 cryo 시편 준비방법 및 처리장치 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20140005620A (ko) | 2014-01-15 |
EP2871242A4 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
KR101440571B1 (ko) | 2014-09-17 |
EP2871242A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
US9632017B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
US20150160114A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
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