WO2014000737A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour l'accumulation d'énergie électrique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour l'accumulation d'énergie électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014000737A1
WO2014000737A1 PCT/DE2013/100238 DE2013100238W WO2014000737A1 WO 2014000737 A1 WO2014000737 A1 WO 2014000737A1 DE 2013100238 W DE2013100238 W DE 2013100238W WO 2014000737 A1 WO2014000737 A1 WO 2014000737A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
synthesis
electrolysis
hydrocarbon
carbon dioxide
conditioning
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2013/100238
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Volkmer
Original Assignee
Peter Volkmer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peter Volkmer filed Critical Peter Volkmer
Priority to EP13756805.1A priority Critical patent/EP2867332A1/fr
Publication of WO2014000737A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014000737A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for storing electrical energy in a hydrocarbon using carbon dioxide formed in an industrial plant and a device for storing carbon dioxide formed in a technical plant and for storing energy in a hydrocarbon.
  • the strained situation in the storage of electrical energy has arisen, especially in connection with the increased use of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar radiation for electric power generation, since they can be provided in principle in sufficient quantity, but the generation is subject to both stochastically fluctuating changes also seasonal fluctuations, so that storage is needed to store the oversupply and to store back for higher demand.
  • the physical storage z For example, in pumped storage plants is an efficient way, especially if one thinks of the reservoirs in Norway and the Alpine countries, but the suitable locations are limited available.
  • a combination of C0 2 -Verêt and energy storage in a hydrocarbon describes the document DE 10 2009 018 126 AI, which provides different constellations of components, in each case a C0 2 tank, an electrolysis for hydrogen (H 2 ) generation are provided and then wherein C0 2 and H 2 are synthesized to methane (CH 4 ).
  • the energy contained herein is essentially the stored electrical energy, in particular excess energy from the mains, which has flowed into the electrolysis.
  • the C0 2 flows from the outside, from remote different sources, with a power plant with C0 2 separation is provided as a source.
  • C0 2 is formed in the biomethane treatment or gasification of biomass.
  • the disadvantage here is that a possibility of using the by-products of electrolysis and methanation is neither intended nor possible. Energy efficiency and economy suffer from this.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and apparatus for storing electrical energy in a hydrocarbon using carbon dioxide formed in a technical plant, which has a high energy and material efficiency.
  • the object is achieved by a method for storing electrical energy in a hydrocarbon using carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) formed in a technical system (20), wherein provided to the technical system (20) with material, energetic and control technology coupling a synthesis ( 40) of at least one hydrocarbon using the carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ), electrolytically recovered from water (H 2 0) by means of electrical energy takes place.
  • the hydrocarbon stores electrical energy in a chemical form.
  • oxygen (0 2 ) in the technical system (20) is added in a combustion process of the combustion air, so that increases the oxygen content and at the same time the corresponding proportion of nitrogen (N 2 ) in the combustion air through the oxygen (0 2 ) is replaced, which causes an increase in the efficiency of the combustion process, since the combustion itself depending on Process control and target can be done more comprehensive and at higher temperature.
  • carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) from the flue gas and / or in process steps of the conditioning water recovered in the technical system and / or in the electrolysis and / or at Process steps of the conditioning is utilized.
  • the electrical energy is supplied to the system via the network, comes from a generating plant or is produced in the technical system itself. This makes it possible to make the process in the technical system particularly efficient.
  • the oxygen replaces the air to be supplied to the respective process, which contains just under a quarter of oxygen. As a result, only a smaller gas volume flow must be used in the process, which in turn leads to the saving of process energy.
  • the passage of nitrogen through the process in many cases, especially when higher temperatures occur leads to the formation of undesirable nitrogen oxides, which pollute the environment or must be removed in a complex purification process. In any case, the use of the recirculated oxygen reduces the exhaust gas mass flow, thereby at the same time reducing the heat losses in the process and increasing the efficiency.
  • the waste heat or cold accumulating during the exothermic synthesis and / or during process steps of the conditioning is used in the technical plant and / or in the conditioning steps of the synthesis gas or then also of the synthesis products.
  • the energy required or generated in the process steps of deposition and conditioning can be taken from or given off from other system process steps, in particular heat or cold.
  • the cold is obtained, for example, in the relaxation of the product gas.
  • electrolysis in particular the pressure electrolysis, can not be used systematically in a synthesis plant, which is in the wind turbines. This turns out to be very different according to the invention when the conversion plants are placed at the C0 2 emitters.
  • this waste heat can be easily and effectively coupled into the system due to the spatial proximity.
  • the energy required for the conditioning of the end product for storage or transport in particular the heat required for the expansion of the methane from the synthesis, can be mentioned as an intra-process application. This can be taken from the appropriate system process stages, such as electrolysis.
  • water recovered during the synthesis and / or in flue gas purification is utilized in the technical plant and / or in the electrolysis and / or in process steps of the conditioning.
  • This particularly relates to the water which is likewise separated off from the flue gas during the purification and / or separation of C0 2 and which can be reused in the electrolysis.
  • Further uses of the water are envisaged, for example in the steam process of a power plant or in a steel mill, which has a high overall water consumption.
  • the technical system is a combustion power plant
  • the C0 2 of the exhaust gas of the synthesis and the oxygen (0 2 ) from the electrolysis stage of the process are supplied directly to the incineration of the combustion power plant.
  • it can also be used in other high-temperature processes, such as in the cement, glass or steel industry.
  • the nitrogen from the combustion or conversion process is partially or completely displaced.
  • the fuel is burned with almost pure oxygen (ie with no or only a small amount of nitrogen and argon).
  • the oxyfuel process is therefore suitable as a basis for power plant processes that allow separation and thus sequestration of the carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) produced during combustion.
  • the deposition of C0 2 from the flue gas can then be carried out with less effort.
  • An extra conditioning of the 0 2 for a transport is eliminated.
  • the separate production of oxygen for the combustion or conversion process which is otherwise associated with considerable technical and energy expenditure and thus constitutes an obstacle to the establishment of the oxyfuel process, can be omitted or reduced.
  • the technical system is a chemical conversion plant
  • the C0 2 of the exhaust gas of the hydrocarbon synthesis and the oxygen from the electrolysis are fed to the process of chemical conversion plant, while the electric power from the mains or is brought from a generation plant.
  • Such chemical conversion systems which represent strong C0 2 emission sources are found in the steel industry, such as blast furnaces or furnaces z. B. for rolling mill processes.
  • rotary kilns emit large amounts of C0 2 from the lime conversion. Both exemplified as applications of the invention processes, the blast furnace process and the lime burning process can not be replaced by C0 2 -free processes.
  • the benefits resulting from the use of oxygen in the process of the chemical conversion plant are as described above for the combustion plant. In addition, if necessary, a higher product quality.
  • methane is formed as a hydrocarbon and synthesis and conditioning of methane take place at pressure levels which ultimately allow direct feeding into a natural gas network.
  • methane can like natural gas in existing structures, such. B. the natural gas network, transported and stored. It is a replacement for fossil natural gas.
  • methanol can be used in existing structures as fuel for internal combustion engines or fuel cells or as fuel for heat generation.
  • the exhaust gas of the C0 2 emitting technical equipment is purified by techniques known from power plant technology and or for chemical conversion plants and thus of foreign matter, such as dust, S0 2 , NOx, etc. and optionally organic compounds, freed and subsequently consists of the components H 2 0, C0 2 and N 2 and optionally from residues of CO.
  • conditioning takes place on a physical state pressure p, temperature T and humidity F, which is advantageous for the subsequent processes.
  • the deposition of H 2 0 and C0 2 takes place by known methods from the purified, suitably conditioned exhaust gas.
  • N 2 , 0 2 and optionally CO leave the plant in gaseous form.
  • the C0 2 is conditioned to a state required for the synthesis (p, T, F).
  • H 2 0 is primarily attributed to the overall process.
  • an electrolysis which is carried out for example as a pressure electrolysis, carried out using the current to be stored.
  • the resulting hydrogen is either conditioned accordingly supplied to the synthesis or preferably stored in a suitable for storing state (p, T) in a buffer. From this, if necessary, it becomes available in the amount required for the conversion process for the synthesis required state (, T) taken.
  • the hydrogen produced in the electrolysis is preferably already aligned in its parameters to the required state of the hydrogen for the synthesis or to the parameters for the storage.
  • the conditioned synthesis gases H 2 and C0 2 are mixed properly before or in the apparatus of the synthesis process or injected individually or together, the process depending on the catalyst and synthesis product at elevated pressure and temperature and waste heat must be removed from the exothermic synthesis. This is used in the system, eg. As in conditioning processes, but also for additional steam generation for the drive of a steam turbine.
  • the product of the synthesizer consists of the desired hydrocarbon, e.g. As methane or methanol, and water at a higher than normal temperature and pressure level.
  • desired hydrocarbon e.g. As methane or methanol
  • the resulting water and optionally methanol or other hydrocarbons are condensed out in a preferably stepped condenser.
  • the optionally required relaxation and the condensation of the water can be carried out at a pressure level that allows the direct feed into the corresponding existing natural gas pressure networks or pressure accumulator.
  • the synthesis product is depressurized to normal pressure and water is condensed out stepwise, followed by methanol.
  • the resulting water can be used in electrolysis or steam power plants as feed water.
  • the synthesis products are stored in the system in temporary storage, from which the redistribution takes place.
  • the object of the invention is further achieved by a device for storing electric energy in a hydrocarbon using carbon dioxide formed in a technical plant, comprising a conditioning plant for carbon dioxide, a synthesis apparatus for at least one hydrocarbon, a deposition and conditioning plant for hydrocarbon and a hydrocarbon storage in which the device is provided with the technical system and means are provided for returning at least synthesized oxygen from the device to the technical system.
  • a device for storing electric energy in a hydrocarbon using carbon dioxide formed in a technical plant comprising a conditioning plant for carbon dioxide, a synthesis apparatus for at least one hydrocarbon, a deposition and conditioning plant for hydrocarbon and a hydrocarbon storage in which the device is provided with the technical system and means are provided for returning at least synthesized oxygen from the device to the technical system.
  • Another solution according to the invention consists in the use of a process for exhaust gas purification and / or a process for hydrocarbon synthesis, especially methane or methanol synthesis, for the recovery of water.
  • the water is particularly intended for use in
  • a cycle process can be established, in which, while conserving water resources and the process-technically necessary water is circulated.
  • the high water requirement of a power plant with steam generation is also reduced when water is obtained from the flue gas that accumulates when it dehydrates or is recovered during wet C0 2 precipitation.
  • the methods and apparatus of the present invention take developments in storing electricity into methane, methanol, etc., and provide a solution to the problems of fossil carbon processes.
  • the advantages of the invention with the aim of storing electrical energy and the possibilities of reducing C0 2 emissions in the processes arise.
  • the method and the device according to the invention are also applicable to such processes where non-fossil energy sources are used, such as power plants and heating plants with biomass or Biogasfeuerung, in this case in smaller units.
  • the above-described invention also fits systemically to the CCS process for CO 2 capture and storage in power plants, the process being modified with respect to the CO 2 capture and conversion process, that is, the hydrocarbon recovery process Electricity from renewable energy sources, thus compensating for the problems inherent in the CCS process. It is also envisaged that electricity generated in the power plant itself will be used in order to avoid a reduction in power or shutdown and thus shutdown and startup of the power plant with reduced demand from the grid. This is economically advantageous and the system wear is reduced.
  • the separated CO 2 from the combustion processes and the conversion processes can be used directly on site.
  • the transport of appropriately complex conditioned C0 2 over long distances is eliminated.
  • the waste heat of the usually exothermic conversion processes, eg. B. the Sabatierreaes in methane synthesis can be coupled in the process with, for.
  • the oxygen from the electrolysis is used in the technical plant, in particular in the power plant process for combustion or in a conversion process in which oxygen or air is needed.
  • the exhaust gas is used as resource-saving water source, in particular as feed water for steam generation and / or for electrolysis.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • a power plant 20 is provided as a technical system.
  • This can be a power plant, for example a lignite power plant.
  • the power plant 20 is supplied with fuel 21, air 22 and water H 2 0.
  • the supply of oxygen 0 2 is provided.
  • the power plant 20 emits flue gas 23. This passes to the flue gas cooling 37, where it is cooled to produce waste heat 38.
  • the additives are supplied to a separate treatment outside the process of the invention considered here.
  • After the deposition of the aforementioned substances remains an exhaust gas, which in addition to carbon dioxide C0 2 still contains water vapor H 2 0, nitrogen N 2 and in smaller amounts of carbon monoxide CO and nitrogen N 2 .
  • the separator 33 In order to obtain the pure carbon dioxide C0 2 ultimately desired for the synthesis of a hydrocarbon, the separator 33 is required, with the water H 2 O and the nitrogen N 2 are separated. Nitrogen N 2 is released via a chimney 36 into the atmosphere.
  • the separated water H 2 finds use in various parts of the process.
  • the water is used in the electrolysis device 41 and in the power plant 20.
  • Further possibilities of use are provided, in particular if instead of the power plant 20 another technical installation, for example a chemical conversion installation, is provided.
  • carbon dioxide is compressed by means of a compressor 35 to synthesis pressure and fed to the synthesis process, but also buffered in a C0 2 buffer to store surpluses, but also deliver C0 2 in an increased demand.
  • Such a buffer memory allows the adaptation of the different process stages, so that both the generation of carbon dioxide C0 2 and its use can be carried out without regard to the other process stages in the sequence.
  • carbon dioxide production in the separator 33 may continue to run in full, even if the decrease in carbon dioxide stops, for example, by a disturbance in the synthesizer 40.
  • the carbon dioxide produced is charged into the C0 2 store. If there are problems with the provision of carbon dioxide, the synthesis device 40 can remove its base material from the C0 2 reservoir 34 at the time of the failure, without having to reduce the power due to a lack of carbon dioxide.
  • the synthesis device 40 is supplied in addition to the carbon dioxide C0 2 with hydrogen H 2 .
  • the hydrocarbon in particular methane, it also gives off water H 2 O and waste heat 38.
  • the hydrogen H 2 passes from the electrolysis device 41 to the synthesis device 40.
  • the electric current 42 used in the electrolysis device 41 comprises electricity from renewable energies, supplied via the power grid, electricity from generation plants or electricity from the technical installation to which the device according to the invention is provided. wherein the stream is brought directly to storage. This therefore relates, for example, wind power from the power grid or from the power plant 20 at too low power consumption, produced by electrolysis.
  • the electrolysis device 41 In addition to the main product hydrogen H 2 , the electrolysis device 41 also provides oxygen 0 2 ready. This is in the preferred embodiment of the technical system, here the Power plant 20, fed. There, the inexpensively supplied oxygen allows for an increase in efficiency and a reduction in costs as shown above.
  • the separation and conditioning 44 separates the hydrocarbons produced in the synthesis device 40 and establishes a state (, T, F) for their subsequent reuse. It takes place z.
  • the compressors required for this purpose are particularly preferably operated with electric current to be stored, since the gas pressure also embodies stored energy.
  • this energy could be recovered or it is less energy use in compressor stations for further transport of the gas required.
  • electrical energy can be obtained by the relaxation takes place via a turbine that drives a generator.
  • a storage 43 for the chemical energy carrier for example methane CH 4 as a gaseous or methanol CH 3 OH as a liquid energy carrier.
  • the energy source as needed to a consumer 45, for example, to the natural gas network, available.
  • the heat can be used in the conditioning of the liquid C0 2 , which corresponds to a coupling process, but here only means loss because the coupling point (liquefaction) is not on site.
  • a biogas plant already has facilities for storing methane, so that arise in a combination of a biogas plant with the device according to the invention synergy both in systemic-technological area, as well as with regard to an optimization of the process plant.
  • H 2 is hydrogen

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour accumuler de l'énergie électrique dans un hydrocarbure en utilisant du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) formé dans une installation technique (20). A l'installation technique (20) est associée une synthèse (40) d'au moins un hydrocarbure, en particulier de méthane (CH4) qui utilise du dioxyde de carbone (CO2), de l'eau (H2O) et de l'énergie électrique, et l'énergie électrique est accumulée sous forme chimique avec l'hydrocarbure. Au moins l'oxygène (O2) issu de la phase d'électrolyse est utilisé dans l'installation technique (20), la chaleur dégagée lors du processus de synthèse est apportée aux organes de l'installation technique ou utilisée dans les organes de l'installation de synthèse, de même que l'eau formée au cours de la synthèse ou au cours du conditionnement des gaz usés est utilisée dans l'électrolyse ou dans les organes de l'installation technique.
PCT/DE2013/100238 2012-06-29 2013-07-01 Procédé et dispositif pour l'accumulation d'énergie électrique WO2014000737A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13756805.1A EP2867332A1 (fr) 2012-06-29 2013-07-01 Procédé et dispositif pour l'accumulation d'énergie électrique

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DE102012105736.2 2012-06-29
DE102012105736.2A DE102012105736A1 (de) 2012-06-29 2012-06-29 Verfahren zur Speicherung von Elektroenergie

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2540798A (en) * 2015-07-28 2017-02-01 John Brown Allan Method of recaiming and utilizing water and carbon dioxide from the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine to achieve a near zero greenhouse gas

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DE102015217642A1 (de) * 2015-09-15 2017-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Synthese eines Wertstoffes
DE102016219990B4 (de) 2016-10-13 2018-05-30 Marek Fulde Verfahren zur Abscheidung und Lagerung von Kohlendioxid und/oder Kohlenmonoxid aus einem Abgas
DE102017210324A1 (de) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-20 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Energiewandlungseinrichtung zur Umwandlung elektrischer Energie in chemische Energie, Stromnetz mit einer solchen Energiewandlungseinrichtung, und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Energiewandlungseinrichtung
WO2020125868A1 (fr) 2018-12-17 2020-06-25 Peter Volkmer Procédé et dispositif ainsi que système de stabilisation d'un réseau électrique
DE102020118546B4 (de) 2020-07-14 2023-02-16 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage zur Herstellung von Zementklinker
EP4215795A1 (fr) * 2022-01-25 2023-07-26 ETH Zurich Accumulateur de gaz et procédé d'accumulation d'au moins deux gaz

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US5711770A (en) * 1996-01-04 1998-01-27 Malina; Mylan Energy conversion system
WO2000025380A2 (fr) * 1998-10-27 2000-05-04 Quadrise Limited Stockage d'energie electrique
GB2425824A (en) 2005-05-04 2006-11-08 Guillaume Stewart-Jones Liquid carbon dioxide storage on the ocean floor
DE102005062727A1 (de) 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Mikrobiologisch-Analytisches Labor Gmbh Verfahren zur CO2-Verwertung
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EP2867332A1 (fr) 2015-05-06

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