WO2020125868A1 - Procédé et dispositif ainsi que système de stabilisation d'un réseau électrique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif ainsi que système de stabilisation d'un réseau électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020125868A1
WO2020125868A1 PCT/DE2019/101103 DE2019101103W WO2020125868A1 WO 2020125868 A1 WO2020125868 A1 WO 2020125868A1 DE 2019101103 W DE2019101103 W DE 2019101103W WO 2020125868 A1 WO2020125868 A1 WO 2020125868A1
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Prior art keywords
hydrocarbon
storage
electricity
electrical energy
power
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PCT/DE2019/101103
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Volkmer
Original Assignee
Peter Volkmer
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Publication date
Application filed by Peter Volkmer filed Critical Peter Volkmer
Priority to CN201980091880.9A priority Critical patent/CN113424393A/zh
Priority to DE112019006240.9T priority patent/DE112019006240A5/de
Publication of WO2020125868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125868A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/20—Processes
    • C25B3/25—Reduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/38—Applying an electric field or inclusion of electrodes in the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/58—Control or regulation of the fuel preparation of upgrading process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for stabilizing a power grid, the stabilization by balancing the generation and consumption of electrical energy by removing excess electrical energy from the power grid, converting it into a storable energy carrier and storing it, and converting the stored energy carrier back into electricity and feeding into the power grid on the other hand.
  • the invention also relates to a system for stabilizing a power network.
  • a facility for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy is referred to as a power network.
  • the consumption of intelligent power grids and intelligent consumer devices can also be adjusted according to the current power supply. But that is not enough to e.g. B. to bridge dark doldrums.
  • Processes that are based on the hydrogen obtained from electricity and synthesize methane or other methanol or other hydrocarbons using C0 2 using the Sabatier process, represent a sustainable, targeted solution for storing electrical current.
  • a method for storing electrical energy is known from the publication DE 10 2012 105 736 A1.
  • the proposed solution is designed to store electricity from renewable energies in a chemical energy source using C0 2 from the exhaust gases of a lignite-fired power plant. Ultimately, however, this does not take place in connection with the stabilization of the power grid, but to reduce the specific CO 2 emissions of the lignite-fired power plant.
  • This procedure for Storage of electrical energy in a hydrocarbon using carbon dioxide formed in a technical system is characterized in that, in addition to the technical system, at least one hydrocarbon, in particular methane, is synthesized using carbon dioxide, water and electrical energy. Electrical energy is stored in chemical form with the hydrocarbon.
  • C0 2 separated from the flue gas of an incineration plant, is used to subsequently synthesize methane with hydrogen from an electrolysis plant.
  • the incinerator uses a hydrocarbon to generate electricity.
  • the methane generated in this way is then used again to generate energy, from the combustion of which then clean exhaust gas, which, however, contains fossil CO 2 , is emitted.
  • the object is achieved by a method for stabilizing a power grid, the stabilization being to take place by means of compensation, in that current is drawn as needed in the event of overcapacity and fed in after a temporary storage in the event of a shortage.
  • surplus electricity that was generated by electricity producers in excess of demand or consumption is taken from the power grid and converted into a storable chemical energy source.
  • a hydrocarbon primarily methane, is provided as the energy source.
  • the conversion and storage of the electrical energy, the electricity takes place in chemical form as at least one hydrocarbon using carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), which was formed in a previous cycle by back-conversion and, if necessary, has been temporarily stored or supplied.
  • Back-conversion is a process of combustion of the hydrocarbon with the aim of generating electricity.
  • the at least one hydrocarbon, the chemical energy carrier is synthesized using carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ).
  • the hydrogen (H 2 ) is obtained from water (H 2 0) in an electrolysis process using the excess electrical energy to be stored.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises a conditioning system for carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), which from the Back-conversion power plant for the generation of electrical energy from the hydrocarbon.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a separation and conditioning system for the hydrocarbon generated in the synthesis device and a hydrocarbon store for its temporary storage, in particular before the combustion in the reconversion power plant when electricity is required.
  • a device is also provided for supplying at least the hydrocarbon and synthesized oxygen (0 2 ) from the electrolysis to the reconversion power plant, which is suitable for burning the hydrocarbon formed using the synthesized oxygen (0 2 ).
  • a device for recycling a portion of the carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) to replace the corresponding portion of nitrogen (N 2 ) in the combustion air for the combustion of the stored hydrocarbon in addition to the oxygen (0 2 ) is provided in the reconversion power plant.
  • a proportion of C0 2 is added to the combustion air, so that in a particularly advantageous case it only consists of oxygen (0 2 ) and carbon dioxide (C0 2 ).
  • the proportion is chosen so that it is favorable for the incineration plant used to ensure the functioning.
  • the C0 2 is circulated in the incinerator by separating it from the exhaust gas and adding it to the incineration process.
  • a particularly advantageous effect of the proposed method is based on the fact that the substitute air containing CO 2 , which is fed to the combustion process, has a cooling effect due to the CO 2 content.
  • the combustion temperature can thus be set via the C0 2 component in such a way that it does not exceed the permissible value for the combustion technology used in each case. While a combustion with oxygen alone requires a special and expensive plant technology that can withstand the elevated temperatures in the combustion chamber, the invention enables the use and the connection with conventional combustion technology that cannot be used for high combustion temperatures, such as those used in the Combustion with almost pure oxygen (oxyfuel process) may occur.
  • the reconversion power plant advantageously has a plant for combined heat and power.
  • the plant for combined heat and power is preferred as a gas and steam power plant, an internal combustion engine such.
  • the hydrocarbon to be stored is advantageously in gaseous form and the hydrocarbon store is designed as a gas storage arrangement.
  • the gas storage arrangement comprises an existing natural gas network NGN with associated, existing natural gas stores, to which at least methane gas is supplied. A portion of hydrogen (H 2 ) that comes directly from the electrolysis could also be added.
  • the existing, widespread NGN natural gas network connected to gas storage e.g. caverns
  • gas storage e.g. caverns
  • the currently available storage capacity of the NGN can with simple means can even be expanded considerably. With a pressure increase of a few mmWS in the existing gas storage facilities, additional amounts of energy in the range of an energy equivalent in the amount of a few TWh can be stored.
  • the synthesized gaseous methane SNG which is synthesized from hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) that is available in the storage system, is therefore preferably used as the energy source for storage.
  • the hydrogen (H 2 ) comes from the electrolysis, which is operated with the excess electricity.
  • the carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) from the time-shifted necessary re-conversion of natural gas or in the future increasingly synthesized gaseous methane SNG will be used in gas power plants.
  • the carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) is temporarily stored in the combustion process so that there are no C0 2 emissions, because NG is currently fossil in the NGN natural gas network to a large extent. Only later, at least partially and increasingly, can carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) also originate from renewable energy sources.
  • the method according to the invention contributes to “decarbonization” because no further CO 2 from the technical processes concerned will get into the atmosphere.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a device for
  • an electrolysis device for at least the production of hydrogen (H 2 )
  • a synthesis apparatus preferably designed as a plant for methane synthesis, for the production of at least one hydrocarbon, preferably methane, using the Hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) provided.
  • a re-generation power plant is provided for generating the electricity, which is fed into the power grid to stabilize it if necessary.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention further comprises a conditioning system for carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) from the Back-conversion power plant for the generation of electrical energy from the hydrocarbon, a separation and conditioning system for the hydrocarbon produced and / or a hydrocarbon storage NGN. Furthermore, a device is provided for supplying at least the hydrocarbon and synthesized oxygen (0 2 ) to the reverse power generation plant suitable for combustion of the hydrocarbon formed using the synthesized oxygen (0 2 ).
  • a device for recycling a portion of the carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) to replace the corresponding portion of nitrogen (N 2 ) in the combustion air for the combustion of the hydrocarbon is provided in addition to the oxygen (0 2 ) in the re-generation power plant.
  • the hydrocarbon storage NGN is preferably designed as a gas storage arrangement.
  • methane is provided as the hydrocarbon and the reconversion power plant has a plant for combined heat and power.
  • the plant for cogeneration is particularly preferably designed as a gas and steam power plant, a combined heat and power plant for the combustion of natural gas or a fuel cell device. It has also proven to be advantageous if the gas storage arrangement comprises an existing NGN natural gas network with existing natural gas storage, to which at least methane is supplied.
  • the system according to the invention for stabilizing a power grid represents a further aspect of the present invention and comprises a large number of devices for stabilizing a power grid, each of which comprises the power storage unit SSE and the back-conversion power unit RSE.
  • the system according to the invention thus consists of the combination of flatly distributed elements of the electricity storage SSE and associated elements of the reverse electricity generation RSE, which are integrated into a power network, for example the Germany-wide power network DSN, which is also internationally linked with other countries, and to that NGN natural gas network, which is also internationally linked to the natural gas networks of other countries.
  • the SSE and RSE are connected via a superordinate classic or Internet communication and actively participate in regulating the stability of the entire power grid.
  • at least the hydrocarbon for storage in the can be from an excess of electrical energy Hydrocarbon storage, preferably designed as a natural gas network NGN, is generated or, if there is a need for electricity, at least stored hydrocarbon is removed from the hydrocarbon storage and electrical energy is generated therefrom for feeding into the power network.
  • the NGN is used as a large-volume storage. If there is a surplus of electricity, the DSN supplies the SSE to the NGN to store the electricity in the form of methane (SNG) synthesized from hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon dioxide (C0 2 ).
  • SNG methane
  • H 2 hydrogen
  • C0 2 carbon dioxide
  • the network further comprises, at least in part, a CO 2 gas network for transporting the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the reconversion power plant between the facilities of the network and / or a hydrogen gas network for transporting the hydrogen (H 2 ) from the Electrolysis facility between the facilities of the network.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • H 2 hydrogen
  • Another advantageous further development provides, at least in part, a C0 2 storage and / or a hydrogen storage, where the gases can be stored before or after transport or at convenient locations on the transport route.
  • the preferred version of the RSE consists of the following basic elements:
  • a suitable connection for drawing current from the DSN A plant for water electrolysis,
  • a plant for methane synthesis with a plant for conditioning methane gas and a plant for extracting high-temperature waste heat for further use,
  • a buffer storage for hydrogen (H 2 ) (H 2 )
  • the RSE and SSE can be set up directly next to each other or spatially separated, connected by cables, to e.g. B. to supply the waste heat locally for use.
  • This stored hydrogen is used when methane is synthesized and stored in the large NGN storage facility.
  • the operation of the interconnected SSEs and RSEs is controlled centrally in conjunction with the power grid regulation.
  • the aim of the control is to control the aim of the control.
  • the invention therefore represents a large-volume electricity storage system based on C0 2 with minimal or completely no C0 2 emissions into the atmosphere.
  • the method according to the invention uses C0 2 for energy storage - without additionally emitting C0 2 .
  • the process mimics natural plant processes in which C0 2 is used as a working substance for energy storage.
  • the central approach is on the one hand that with good availability of wind and sun by means of electrolysis, hydrogen gas as a raw material for the synthesis of methane gas will be produced. Carbon dioxide is added to the hydrogen gas; artificial, synthesized methane gas SNG is created as a very high-energy substance.
  • the artificially synthesized methane is stored where the natural gas is already stored according to the state of the art: in the existing natural gas network.
  • the natural gas network has such a large storage capacity that it can easily absorb a quantity of gas that can be converted back into a climate-neutral way in highly efficient, easily regulated gas power plants when the sky is calm and the sky is cloudy. In Germany, for example, this is enough to bridge at least two weeks of unfavorable weather that restricts or prevents the generation of renewable energy.
  • C0 2 is a working substance for energy storage, as in nature, that remains in the storage system according to the invention and does not have to be emitted or constantly added again.
  • Process losses occur in the form of heat that can be used for other purposes.
  • the losses occurring in the process are therefore thermal.
  • the generation takes place on the basis of electricity taken from the power grid, which is based on renewable energy sources.
  • a memory module consists of the two components RSE and SSE, which work at different times and, if necessary, also spatially separated:
  • Retrofit unit RSE for power supply in particular designed as a retrofit power plant RVKW, for example in the form of a gas and steam power plant GuD, which is operated with the SNG stored in the natural gas network (currently on the balance sheet).
  • a combined cycle plant uses gas turbines and subsequent steam turbines and thus achieves an efficiency for electrical energy generation of up to 60%.
  • the RVKW uses the oxygen obtained from the electrolysis instead of air for combustion.
  • the C0 2 separation from the flue gas is greatly simplified.
  • the RVKW feeds electricity into the DSN power grid when stabilization is required.
  • the separated C0 2 is stored in a 30 bar pressure accumulator for time-shifted use in methane synthesis.
  • the storage volume depends on the size of the storage capacity.
  • Power storage unit SSE The electricity to be stored is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen using electrolysis.
  • the oxygen is stored in a pressure accumulator for time-shifted use in RVKW.
  • the hydrogen generated is used to produce methane in a synthesis system at 30 bar and at 300 ° C.
  • the methane is fed into the natural gas network as synthetic natural gas SNG.
  • devices 1 according to the present invention are installed distributed over a large area.
  • non-fossil waste heat is produced to a greater extent. It can be used locally, which significantly improves the overall efficiency of the method.
  • FIG. 1 shows the scope of equipment and the material flows of the 100 MW / 1 GWh electricity storage unit mentioned as an exemplary embodiment, the process engineering and apparatus engineering design of the example for a storage unit with 100 MW ei installed power and 1 GWh ei capacity occurs.
  • the solar energy falling on the earth could not be stored without using C0 2 .
  • the plants emit C0 2 for their metabolism maintain their functionality when the sun is not shining.
  • so much solar energy is stored in the biomass with C0 2 that ultimately all of civilization is nourished with it.
  • the life energy of civilization - and of course that for flora and fauna - comes about through the use of solar radiation with the participation of C0 2 .
  • the natural gas network is a large technical coal-hydrogen system, a storage system such as biomass in nature, in which methane synthesized from solar-generated electricity and C0 2 is stored and removed when electricity is required.
  • the C0 2 generated during the re-conversion is retained for reuse in the methane synthesis.
  • the need for storage is evident.
  • the electric current obtained from renewable energies such as B. solar radiation by means of photovoltaic systems, from wind by means of wind energy systems, from running water by means of hydropower plants is volatile or fluctuating. Generation is affected by the naturally occurring daily and seasonal as well as weather-related, overall considerable fluctuations in the performance of the respective renewable energy sources.
  • the problem of an unstable power supply becomes more serious the further the share of electricity from renewable energies increases. Given the goal in Germany of at least 95% of all sectors by 2050, the problem is serious.
  • Wind turbines and photovoltaic systems are coming so that they have to be curtailed so as not to endanger the stability of the grid. Such a procedure is costly, as can already be seen, since unused electricity is remunerated on a legal basis.
  • the electricity requirement remains at the value of 654 TWh. It can be assumed that the energy efficiency of the electricity application will increase by at least 50% and that the use of electricity will be available within this framework.
  • the full load hours of all power plants, in particular the renewable energy power plants, from 2017 were then used consistently to map the ratio of generation to installed capacity. The situation can improve somewhat as the offshore share of wind turbines increases.
  • Storage systems play an essential role in security of supply, which increasingly strengthens the stability of the electricity network (DSN) against the growing volatility of electricity generation must secure from renewable energies.
  • DSN electricity network
  • rates of increase for the performance of the storage facilities were set in line with the required increase in generation from renewable energies.
  • the only storage technology that can comprehensively secure this throughout Germany - here for the example of Germany - is the existing natural gas network as a storage facility for the SNG and from which it can be extracted throughout Germany for re-generation. It is able to store 80 TWh of SNG obtained from 130 TWh of storage electricity, for example from renewable energies.
  • a basic conclusion - no matter what storage structure is involved - is that the electricity generation system must have higher generation capacities than would be needed for consumption to cover the storage losses.
  • the systems according to the invention for storing electrical energy in a hydrocarbon comprise two essential components, the reverse-conversion unit RSE and the electricity storage unit SSE:
  • the RSE comprises a RVKW reconversion power plant, in particular a combined cycle gas and steam power plant, which uses SNG (in the balance sheet, practically with natural gas) to generate the storage output electricity from the re-generation and for feeding into the DSN power grid from the existing natural gas network storage .
  • SNG in the balance sheet, practically with natural gas
  • the CO 2 required for methane synthesis is separated from the flue gas from the reconversion power plant.
  • the separation can be made simple if the RVKW is operated instead of combustion air from the environment with pure oxygen or preferably in the sense of the present invention with artificial air, a substitute air.
  • the Replacement air consists of oxygen, mixed with C0 2 to be circulated. The oxygen for this comes from the electrolysis of the SSE described below.
  • the C0 2 is stored in the RSE in a pressure accumulator because of the reduction in volume and also because of the working pressure of 30 bar required for methane synthesis.
  • the SSE the electricity storage system, consists of a pressure electrolysis system that generates hydrogen (and oxygen) at a pressure of 30 bar from the electricity to be stored.
  • the hydrogen is used in the SNG synthesis plant (also as
  • Methane synthesis plant was synthesized together with C0 2 from the storage of RSE methane and, after conditioning, was fed into the NGN natural gas network to the extent required.
  • the SSE also includes a 30 bar pressure accumulator for the oxygen obtained, which is used in the RSE described above. There can also be an excess of oxygen K4.1 which is used for further technical use.
  • the RSE obtains its operating energy from the NGN natural gas network, which is used as a storage facility, feeds electricity into the DSN power network as required and can emit waste heat, especially if the RVKW is operated in a combined heat and power mode.
  • 40% based on current state-of-the-art efficiency
  • SSE and RSE can be installed together in one place or in close proximity. But in an alternative embodiment it is also sensible to set up the SSE separately from the RSE and to transport the C0 2 , preferably via a line, from the RSE to the SSE. Likewise, a 0 2 line must then be routed from the SSE to the RSE. It must be decided on a project-related basis where the C0 2 memory should be in this case. Separation is particularly appropriate if the extensive waste heat from electrolysis (20 - 30% at low temperature) and from the exothermic synthesis (20 - 30% at 300 ° C) can be used well at the chosen location. This is of great advantage for economical operation of the system and also improved energy efficiency.
  • the RSE comprises the main components K1 and K2, the SSE the main components possibly K2 and K3, K4 and K5 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the course of the operation is shown in FIG. 1 by dashed lines.
  • the RSE is running because there is a need for power feed-in in the DSN power grid.
  • NG is taken from the NG network
  • 0 2 which originates from the SSE and has been stored, is taken from the 0 2 memory K3.
  • C0 2 is separated from the flue gas of the CCG K1 and fed to the C0 2 storage K2, where it is stored under pressure for later use in the SSE. In this case, the SSE is not in operation.
  • the C0 2 can first be added to the combustion in the RSE and circulated.
  • Electrolysis 0 2 and H 2 are obtained from electricity, each of which can be temporarily stored in a buffer memory K2, K4.2. Methane is synthesized from the C0 2 memory K2 with the H 2 obtained in the SNG synthesis plant K5 and stored in the NGN.
  • the devices 1 according to the invention for stabilizing a power network should cover a larger area, eg. B. Germany, distributed and built with module sizes of up to 100 MW ei power conversion.
  • GW would be for a required storage capacity of 30 300 systems of the invention for storing electrical energy in a hydrocarbon, each of 100 MW ei required.
  • a number of these can be formed from already existing gas power plants, to which the electricity storage units SSE are provided in the sense of the invention or are erected elsewhere.
  • the combustion calculation for a CCGT K1 with an efficiency of 62% results in a demand of 162 MW therm / h, for which 14,600 Nm 3 / h natural gas are consumed.
  • the exhaust gas consists of 14,600 Nm 3 C0 2 / h and 29,208.27 Nm 3 / h H 2 0 steam, which can be condensed and reused for 23.5 m 3 / h water electrolysis is K4.
  • the heat of condensation can be used in the process or for external heat consumers. It is intended to store the water in a condensed water storage K1.1 and to keep it ready for the aforementioned use.
  • the C0 2 separated from the combustion exhaust gas of the CCG K1 is compressed to the synthesis pressure of 30 bar and stored in the C0 2 memory K2, e.g. B. in a disc gas storage. At 30 bar the necessary intermediate storage volume of the C0 2 is reduced to approx. 4,400 m 3 / h.
  • This stored C0 2 forms the basis for the synthesis of SNG. If the C0 2 storage K2 is designed for a feed capacity of 1 GWh, a total C0 2 storage volume of 44,000 m 3 is required. The required C0 2 storage K2 would have an edge length of 35 m as a cube, a diameter of 44 m as a ball or a diameter of 40 m at a height of 35 m as a cylinder.
  • the oxygen produced in the electrolysis K4 is used, for example, for a pure oxy-fuel combustion process or for combustion in a substitute air, which consists of a mixture of oxygen (0 2 ) with C0 2 , in the CCG K1. Above all, the C0 2 separation is greatly simplified compared to combustion with ambient air.
  • the oxygen comes from the electrolysis plant K4, preferably configured as pressure electrolysis, and is under a pressure of at least 30 bar.
  • a memory K3 for the oxygen that is as large as that for the C0 2 is therefore required.
  • the main components K1 and K4 give off waste heat for further use.
  • Ki, i 1 ... 5 - main component
  • RVKW reverse electricity generation plant

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé, un dispositif (1) et un système pour stabiliser un réseau électrique. La stabilisation est réalisée par un équilibrage de la production et de la consommation d'énergie électrique au moyen d'un prélèvement d'énergie électrique excédentaire du réseau électrique (DSN), d'un côté par sa conversion en une ressource énergétique accumulable et par son accumulation et, d'un autre côté, par une retransformation en énergie électrique de la ressource énergétique accumulée et par son injection dans le réseau électrique (DSN). D'après l'invention, en cas d'une production d'énergie électrique supérieure à la consommation, la conversion et l'accumulation sont réalisées sous forme chimique en tant qu'au moins un hydrocarbure en tant que ressource énergétique chimique accumulable en employant du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) formé par retransformation en énergie électrique durant un cycle précédent, une synthèse du ou des hydrocarbures est réalisée en employant le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et de l'hydrogène (H2), qui est obtenu dans un procédé par électrolyse d'eau (H2O) avec la mise en œuvre de l'énergie électrique à accumuler.
PCT/DE2019/101103 2018-12-17 2019-12-17 Procédé et dispositif ainsi que système de stabilisation d'un réseau électrique WO2020125868A1 (fr)

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CN201980091880.9A CN113424393A (zh) 2018-12-17 2019-12-17 用于稳定电网的方法、装置以及系统
DE112019006240.9T DE112019006240A5 (de) 2018-12-17 2019-12-17 Verfahren und einrichtung sowie system zur stabilisierung eines stromnetzes

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WO2023156677A1 (fr) * 2022-02-21 2023-08-24 Stablegrid Engineers GmbH Dispositif de stabilisation de réseaux électriques comprenant des cavernes pour le stockage du gaz
WO2023196402A1 (fr) * 2022-04-07 2023-10-12 Twelve Benefit Corporation Électrolyseur d'oxyde de carbone intégré à un réseau électrique
US11939284B2 (en) 2022-08-12 2024-03-26 Twelve Benefit Corporation Acetic acid production

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DE102007037672A1 (de) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Werner Leonhard Unterstützung einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung mit einem Kohlenstoff-Kreislauf unter Einsatz von regenerativ erzeugtem Wasserstoff
US20130214542A1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2013-08-22 Carbon-Clean Technologies Ag Carbon-dioxide-neutral compensation for current level fluctuations in an electrical power supply system
WO2013029701A1 (fr) * 2011-08-29 2013-03-07 Ostsee Maritime Gmbh Installation d'alimentation en énergie, destinée notamment au domaine des technologies domestiques
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DE102012007136A1 (de) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-10 Karl Werner Dietrich Rekonstruktion von Methan aus seinen Rauchgasen / Ein chemisches Speicherkraftwerk
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US20160226088A1 (en) * 2013-09-30 2016-08-04 Marek Fulde Method and system for storing electric energy

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023156677A1 (fr) * 2022-02-21 2023-08-24 Stablegrid Engineers GmbH Dispositif de stabilisation de réseaux électriques comprenant des cavernes pour le stockage du gaz
WO2023196402A1 (fr) * 2022-04-07 2023-10-12 Twelve Benefit Corporation Électrolyseur d'oxyde de carbone intégré à un réseau électrique
US11939284B2 (en) 2022-08-12 2024-03-26 Twelve Benefit Corporation Acetic acid production

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