EP4247916A1 - Centrale hybride pour alimenter de manière autonome en énergie des bâtiments et des installations industrielles - Google Patents

Centrale hybride pour alimenter de manière autonome en énergie des bâtiments et des installations industrielles

Info

Publication number
EP4247916A1
EP4247916A1 EP21815487.0A EP21815487A EP4247916A1 EP 4247916 A1 EP4247916 A1 EP 4247916A1 EP 21815487 A EP21815487 A EP 21815487A EP 4247916 A1 EP4247916 A1 EP 4247916A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy
biomass
area
electricity
reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21815487.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Lentz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Igas Energy GmbH
Original Assignee
Igas Energy GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Igas Energy GmbH filed Critical Igas Energy GmbH
Publication of EP4247916A1 publication Critical patent/EP4247916A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J1/00—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis
    • C10J1/20—Carburetting gases other than air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J1/00—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis
    • C10J1/24—Controlling humidity of the air or gas to be carburetted
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/50—Processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1662—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to methane (SNG)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1684—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1693—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with storage facilities for intermediate, feed and/or product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/086—Hydrothermal carbonization
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the subject matter of the invention is a hybrid power plant for the self-sufficient energy supply of buildings, in particular residential buildings and industrial plants, which are arranged in an area that includes a source of biomass.
  • the hybrid power plant is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the buildings and industrial plants to be supplied and the source of biomass.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises at least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source and a power-to-X device for the thermochemical conversion of electricity from a renewable energy source and biomass into other energy sources, which are stored and converted back into electricity if required.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises one or more energy storage devices and at least one system for reconversion.
  • the energy supply of the buildings or industrial plants by the hybrid power plant is climate and CO2 neutral.
  • the fossil energy source natural gas has so far been used primarily to generate heat, for example to generate industrially required high-temperature heat.
  • heat pumps that can be operated with natural gas or electricity are used to generate low-temperature heat.
  • Electrical power (hereinafter power) from renewable energy sources will become the primary energy carrier in the future. All sectors whose added value has so far been based on the use of fossil fuels will be subject to a transformation process in which the ever-increasing use of electricity from renewable energy sources will play a key role, for example in the mobility sector the drive of vehicles via batteries using electricity from renewable sources Energy sources and fuel cell propulsion of vehicles with hydrogen, where the hydrogen is produced by the electrolysis of water and the electrolyser is powered by electricity from renewable energy sources.
  • sector coupling connects the electricity sector from renewable energy sources with other sectors that consume energy and have previously covered their energy supply in whole or in part from fossil fuels, for example the mobility sector and the heating sector.
  • PtX Power-to-X
  • the concept of sector coupling aims at the direct and indirect electrification of previously fossil-powered applications.
  • PtG power-to-gas
  • suitable raw materials and electricity from renewable energy sources are converted into gaseous products as energy carriers, for example into the energy carriers hydrogen or methane.
  • PtL Power-to-Liquid
  • suitable raw materials and electricity from renewable energy sources are converted into liquid energy carriers such as diesel fuel or kerosene.
  • PtC Power-to-Chemicals
  • suitable raw materials and electricity from renewable energy sources are converted into Chemicals such as methanol (CH3OH) or ammonia (NH3) are converted.
  • Suitable PtX devices are also required for the application of PtX technologies.
  • PtX technologies often use electrolytic processes, such as the electrolysis of water to convert electricity from renewable energy sources into hydrogen fuel, using water as the feedstock and an electrolyser as the PtX device.
  • electrolysis water is split into H2 and O2 in the electrolyser using electricity from renewable energy sources.
  • An example of a PtX device for converting electricity from renewable energy sources into heat is an electrically operated heat pump.
  • Fossil fuels such as petroleum fractions, natural gas and, to a lesser extent, coal and biomass are also used in the chemical sector as carbon-supplying raw materials.
  • CO2 and recyclates from the circular economy of organic materials must be used for the production of carbon-containing materials, carbon-containing chemicals and carbon-containing fuels, and the fossil Completely replace energy sources.
  • the current developments are aimed at the nationwide implementation of the use of electricity from renewable energy sources, i.e.
  • EP 3428 130 A1 discloses a method for the hydrothermal gasification of biomass for the purpose of generating electricity, with the product gas obtained being converted into electricity by heat and power engines.
  • WO 2013/029701 discloses a self-sufficient, decentralized energy supply system for the field of building services comprising electrical short-term storage, an electrolyser, a reactor for the catalytic conversion of CO2 and the hydrogen produced by electrolysis into CH4, methanol or formic acid, a tank for storing carbon dioxide and CH4 , methanol or formic acid, a converter that generates heat and/or electricity from CH4, methanol or formic acid, and a gas separator that separates carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases of the converter, which is fed into a circuit.
  • WO 2009/019159 discloses how to operate a power grid in a stable manner and to supply a large number of consumers, with regeneratively generated energy being used to generate hydrogen, supplied CO2 being hydrogenated with the hydrogen in a hydrogenation plant and a gaseous, combustible hydrocarbon (e.g. CH4) is produced and the hydrocarbon produced is converted into electricity in a power plant.
  • a gaseous, combustible hydrocarbon e.g. CH4
  • WO 2013/029701 and WO 2009/019159 cover a carbon cycle, with CO2 having to be supplied from the outside that is produced in agricultural operations, coal-fired or gas-fired power plants.
  • One object of the present invention is to completely cover the energy supply of buildings and industrial plants, without using fossil fuels, regardless of the season, time of day and consumption.
  • the implementation for existing buildings and industrial plants should be simple, fast, measurable and feasible without high investment costs.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention comprises one or more systems for generating electricity from renewable energy sources, a PtX device for thermochemical conversion of biomass into other energy sources, preferably a reactor for thermochemical conversion of the electricity generated from renewable energy sources and biomass into other energy sources that can be stored and which can be converted back into electricity if required.
  • the biomass is preferably generated by the one or more energy consumers that the area includes and that are supplied with energy by the hybrid power plant according to the invention, for example organic waste or waste water that is generated by the one or more energy consumers.
  • the area includes one or more other sources of biomass 24, such as a garden that produces garden debris such as mowed lawns and leaves.
  • the invention relates to a hybrid power plant for the self-sufficient energy supply of an area that has one or more energy consumers 15 16 and at least one source of biomass 24 comprising at least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12, at least one reactor 3 for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into other energy carriers, one or more stores for storing energy carriers 679, at least one device for converting stored energy carriers 13 14 into electricity, with at least one Installation for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12 with which one energy consumer in the region is connected to supply energy to energy consumer 15 16 or at least one installation for producing electricity from a renewable energy source 1 2 connected to the plurality of energy consumers 15 16 in the region for supplying energy to Energy supply of the energy consumers 15 16, and wherein at least one plant for generating electricity from renewable energy sources 1 2 for converting the electricity from renewable energy sources into other energy carriers is connected to the reactor 3 and wherein the Rea ktor 3 is connected to at least one store for storing energy carriers for storing the generated other energy carrier, and wherein the at least one source for biomass 24 is preferably
  • At least one other source of biomass 24 comprising the area, or where the area comprises at least two sources of biomass 24, the at least two sources of biomass 24 are preferably selected from
  • the hybrid power plant preferably comprises at least one electrolyzer 10 for generating hydrogen, with at least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12 being connected to at least one electrolyzer 10 for converting the electricity from a renewable energy source into the energy carrier hydrogen.
  • the reactor 3 is connected to the at least one energy consumer 15 16 of the area that produces biomass, or the reactor 3 is connected to the at least one other source of biomass 24 that comprises the area the reactor 3 is connected to the at least one energy consumer 15 16 of the area producing biomass and to the at least one other source of biomass 24 comprising the area.
  • the connection is preferably a line for biomass 23.
  • Biomass can be introduced into the reactor 3 from the source for biomass 24 and can be thermochemically converted into other energy carriers with the electricity generated in the hybrid power plant from a renewable energy source.
  • the electricity generated from a renewable energy source is divided.
  • Excess electricity generated from renewable energy sources is electricity that is generated with the plant or plants for generating electricity from renewable energy sources 1 2, which includes the hybrid power plant, and is not immediately required to supply the energy consumer 15 16 .
  • Excess generated electricity or part of the excess electricity generated is used to convert biomass into hydrogen and other energy carriers.
  • Other energy carriers produced by the conversion of biomass or parts of other energy carriers produced and, if appropriate, hydrogen produced or parts of hydrogen produced are stored in the one or more stores for storing energy carriers 679 that comprise the hybrid power plant. If required, for example if the electricity generated in the hybrid power plant from a renewable energy source is not sufficient to completely cover the supply of energy to the energy consumer(s) 15 16 that includes the area, stored energy sources, preferably methane, contribute to the energy supply. Supply gaps are closed by stored energy sources. The energy supply of the area and the energy consumer(s) that the area includes, in particular buildings and/or industrial plants, are completely supplied with energy by the hybrid power plant either directly or indirectly by means of a device for reconverting stored energy carriers 13 14 and are therefore energy self-sufficient.
  • the supply of energy consumers 15 16, which the area includes, is possible with different forms of energy, for example electricity, heat, hydrogen, methane as a natural gas substitute.
  • the hybrid power plant for example the electrolyzer 10, the reactor 3, the energy stores 6 7 9, the device for reconversion 13 14 and other components of the hybrid power plant also represent energy consumers, which are preferably also supplied with energy by the hybrid power plant.
  • the hybrid power plant is therefore also self-sufficient in terms of its own energy supply.
  • the hybrid power plant thus supplies the energy consumer or consumers that the area includes and the hybrid power plant with energy.
  • the invention also relates to an energy self-sufficient unit comprising the hybrid power plant according to the invention and the area supplied with energy self-sufficiently with the hybrid power plant, which comprises one or more energy consumers 15 16 and at least one source for biomass 24 .
  • biomass is used in the hybrid power plant according to the invention, which is generated on site or is available in order to generate electricity from renewable energy sources in the hybrid power plant, ie on site, converting it into other energy sources and storing it if necessary to generate electricity and, if necessary, other usable forms of energy from this stored energy source or to use this stored energy source directly in order to ensure the energy supply of the area and the energy consumer(s) 15 16, which the area includes, completely and self-sufficiently at all times.
  • the hybrid power plant supplies an area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16, in particular stationary energy consumers such as buildings, residential buildings 15 and industrial plants, with CO2-neutral (climate-neutral) energy, in particular with electricity and heat, with the electricity generated from renewable energy sources in part, ie as far as necessary is used directly to ensure the self-sufficient energy supply and in part, ie excess electricity generated from renewable energy sources is converted into other energy sources and preferably stored.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention comprises a reactor 3 in which biomass with electricity from a renewable energy source is converted directly into other energy carriers, in particular chemical energy carriers, preferably into gaseous energy carriers, in particular into synthesis gas, which preferably essentially comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide.
  • the biomass that is used in the reactor 3 as a raw material is preferably produced in the area by the energy consumer or consumers, for example as waste, in particular biowaste, domestic waste from the energy consumer or consumers in the area and/or the Biomass is otherwise produced on-site and/or the biomass is present in the area.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention thus enables the self-sufficiency of the energy consumer(s) 15 16, which includes the area, with energy, with no additional fossil fuels, no carbon dioxide and no nuclear fuels being necessary for the energy supply.
  • the energy consumer 1516 of the area becomes energy self-sufficient through the hybrid power plant, because electricity from renewable energy sources is converted by thermochemical conversion of the biomass into storable other energy sources, which can be used if necessary, for example at times when the plant or plants are used.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the self-sufficient energy supply of one or more energy consumers 15 16, wherein the one or more energy consumers 15 16 are arranged in an area or are connected to the area and the area contains a hybrid power plant according to the invention for the self-sufficient energy supply of the area that includes the one or more energy consumers 15-16.
  • the one or more plants for generating electricity from renewable energy sources 1 2 generate electricity from renewable energy sources
  • the generated electricity from renewable energy sources or part of the generated electricity from renewable energy sources, which is an energy consumer 15 16 of the area are supplied with electricity
  • the generated electricity from renewable energy source or part of the generated electricity from renewable energy source supplies electricity to several energy consumers 15 16 of the area, with at least one energy consumer 15 16 of the area producing biomass, or the area includes at least one other source of biomass 24, or at least one energy consumer 15-16 of the area is producing biomass and the area includes at least one other source of biomass 24, and wherein excess renewable electricity generated or a portion of the excess renewable electricity generated is used to operate reactor 3 for thermochemical conversion of the biomass into other energy source is used to convert surplus generated renewable energy source electricity and biomass from the at least one biomass source 24 comprising the area into other energy sources.
  • the other energy source produced is, for example, stored, or e.g. part of the other energy source produced is separated and stored, or e.g. part of the other energy source produced is separated, hydrogenated and stored.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises at least one electrolyzer 10
  • excess electricity generated from a renewable energy source or part of the excess electricity generated from a renewable energy source is used to operate the at least one electrolyzer 10 for the electrolysis of water and hydrogen is produced, and the hydrogen produced is stored as an energy carrier or used in some other way.
  • stored energy carrier is converted back into electricity and with the electricity generated from stored energy carrier, which supplies one energy consumer 15 16 of the area or the several energy consumers 15 16 of the area with electricity if the one or more plants for generating electricity no electricity from renewable energy sources is produced from renewable energy sources 1 2, or insufficient electricity is produced from renewable energy sources to supply energy 1 2 to the energy consumer(s) 15 16 in the area.
  • the hybrid power plant preferably comprises lines for electricity 17, with at least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12 being connected to the one or more energy consumers 15 16 via at least one line for electricity 17, with at least one plant for generating electricity from renewable energy source 12 is connected to the reactor 3 via at least one electricity line 17, and wherein at least one installation for generating electricity from renewable energy source 1 2 is connected to at least one electrolyser 10 via at least one electricity line 17, and wherein it it can be the same or different plants for generating electricity from renewable energy sources 1 2 .
  • the electricity generated from a renewable energy source is preferably used to supply energy, in particular to supply electricity to the one or more energy consumers in the area.
  • the electricity generated from a renewable energy source is preferably used for the energy supply, in particular for the power supply of the hybrid power plant.
  • Generated electricity that is not needed immediately or not within the next few hours or days for the energy or power supply of one or more energy consumers 15 16 of the area is either routed to the reactor 3 and used for thermochemical conversion of the biomass into others
  • Energy carrier used or sent to electrolyser 10 and used for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, or part of excess electricity from renewable energy source is sent to reactor 3 and used for thermochemical conversion of biomass into other energy carriers and part of excess electricity is sent to Electrolyzer 10 directed and used for the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a reactor 3 for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into gaseous energy sources, preferably a reactor 3 for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into synthesis gas, with the synthesis gas produced or parts of the synthesis gas produced being used as other storable energy sources in the hybrid power plant.
  • the hybrid power plant preferably includes at least one gas processing plant 4 for separating individual gaseous components from the synthesis gas produced, preferably for separating methane. Corresponding devices and methods are known.
  • the hybrid power plant preferably comprises at least one synthesis gas line 18 , the reactor 3 being connected to the gas processing plant 4 via a synthesis gas line 18 .
  • the hybrid power plant preferably includes lines for biomass 23.
  • the biomass required for the thermochemical conversion is generated by the energy consumer(s) 15-16.
  • the area comprises at least one further source of biomass 24, for example a biomass storage tank or a biowaste collection station.
  • the reactor 3 is connected via at least one line for biomass 23 to the energy consumer(s) 15-16, so that the required biomass can be supplied by the energy consumer(s) 15-16 the line for biomass 23 is introduced into the reactor 3 continuously or as required and converted thermochemically into other energy carriers.
  • the reactor 3 is connected to the at least one additional biomass source 24 via at least one biomass line 23, so that the required biomass can be fed from the at least one additional biomass source 24 via the biomass line 23 continuously or as required into the Reactor 3 is introduced and thermochemically converted into other energy sources.
  • the electricity generated with the at least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source of the hybrid power plant is preferably used directly, for example if a particularly large amount of electricity is being generated from a renewable energy source and at the same time little electricity is being used to supply the energy consumer or consumers 15 16 of the area is needed, i.e. a surplus of electricity is generated from renewable energy sources in the hybrid power plant.
  • Electricity generated from a renewable energy source can also be used indirectly for the thermochemical conversion of the biomass in the reactor 3, for example if there is a particularly large amount of biomass and a particularly large amount of stored energy sources in the hybrid power plant or a particularly large amount of biomass and little or no electricity from a renewable energy source in the Hybrid power plant is generated.
  • stored energy sources that were previously generated in the hybrid power plant from electricity from renewable energy sources are converted back into electricity and used to operate reactor 3 for the thermochemical conversion of biomass.
  • the hybrid power plant can also be operated using other energy sources into which excess electricity from renewable energy sources has been converted. Other energy sources in the excess electricity has been converted can replace or supplement the energy supply of the area and the energy consumer.
  • “other energy carriers” are all energy carriers with the exception of fossil fuels and nuclear fuels. “Other energy carriers” are, according to the invention, all energy carriers into which electricity from renewable energy sources can be converted, for example heat. According to the invention, “other energy carriers” are also energy carriers into which suitable raw materials are converted in PtX devices, with the Power-to-X devices being operated with electricity from renewable energy sources (directly or indirectly). “Other energy carriers” are, for example, heat, gaseous energy carriers such as Synthesis gas, hydrogen, methane.
  • the energy supply of an area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16 can be covered at any time of the day, night or year, regardless of whether it is at the relevant time of day, night or year sufficient renewable power to power the area comprising one or more energy consumers 15-16 capable of generating one or more renewable power plants 1-2.
  • the entire energy supply of an area containing one or more energy consumers 15 16 is covered at any time of the day, night or year by electricity from renewable energy sources, either directly or indirectly by means of those produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass and electricity from renewable energy sources other energy carriers, by means of the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water and electricity from renewable energy sources and possibly other energy carriers that are generated directly or indirectly by means of the one or more plants for generating electricity from renewable energy sources and possibly converted and possibly stored.
  • the present invention provides a hybrid power plant that ensures the energy supply without the use of fossil fuels at any time of the day, night, or season and for any need.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention is an energy generator and at the same time a delocalized energy store.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention allows Isolated solutions for the energy supply of an area that has one or more energy consumers
  • 15 16 includes without the use of fossil fuels.
  • the area which includes one or more energy consumers 15 16, which is or will be self-sufficiently supplied with energy using the hybrid power plant according to the invention, can be of different sizes and include different types of energy consumers, for example the energy consumer can be a residential building 15 or a city. This enables rapid implementation of the energy transition and achievement of climate protection goals.
  • the achieved goal of climate neutrality in individual areas, each of which includes one or more energy consumers 15 16, is immediately visible and measurable.
  • the construction of area-wide energy source-specific transport, storage and logistics infrastructure is not necessary and therefore does not represent a limiting factor, because existing areas that include one or more energy consumers 15 16 form energy self-sufficient units with the hybrid power plant.
  • the areas can be expanded to be energy self-sufficient independently of one another by adding a hybrid power plant according to the invention to the area. For this reason, the time-delayed clarification of legal, political and social issues that stand in the way of building a nationwide infrastructure is largely eliminated.
  • individual energy self-sufficient units can be coupled and thus contribute to a comprehensive network of CCk-neutral energy supply.
  • the subject matter of the invention is also an area-wide or almost area-wide network comprising a large number of energy-autonomous units according to the invention.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention combines the self-sufficient energy supply of an area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16, systems for generating the energy source electricity from renewable energy sources with PtX devices for generating other energy sources, e.g. PtH devices such as heat pumps 11 for generating heat from excess electricity from renewable energy source.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention combines systems for generating electricity from renewable energy sources with PtX devices for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into other other energy sources, in particular suitable reactors 3, for the self-sufficient energy supply of an area.
  • Various other energy sources can be converted from biomass with PtX devices/reactors 3 by thermochemical conversion getting produced.
  • the PtX device or the reactor 3 for the thermochemical conversion of biomass is a PtG device that converts biomass into synthesis gas, for example biogas.
  • the hybrid power plant includes a PtX device, preferably a reactor 3 for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into other energy carriers, for example selected from devices or reactors 3 for burning biomass or for the pyrolysis of biomass or biogas plants.
  • the biogas or synthesis gas produced during the thermochemical conversion, in particular the hydrothermal conversion of biomass is generally a gas mixture that can contain different gases and different amounts of the respective gases.
  • the composition of the generated bio or synthesis gas depends on the respective reaction conditions of the thermochemical or hydrothermal conversion and can vary within wide limits.
  • the reaction conditions of the thermochemical or hydrothermal conversion such as pressure, temperature, residence time, shape and arrangement of the reaction spaces in the PtX device, in particular the reactor 3, any catalysts used, the exclusion of oxygen during the conversion or the presence of oxygen of conversion, the composition of the biomass and other factors influence the composition.
  • a suitable hybrid power plant or a PtX device suitable for this area, in particular reactor 3 can be selected for each area.
  • the thermochemical conversion of the biomass is a hydrothermal conversion of the biomass, the hybrid power plant comprising a PtX device, preferably a PtG device, in particular a reactor 3 for the hydrothermal conversion of biomass.
  • the reactor is preferably selected from reactor 3 for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, reactor 3 for hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, reactor 3 for hydrothermal gasification of biomass, reactor 3 for subcritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass, reactor 3 for near-critical hydrothermal gasification of biomass, reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass, reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen.
  • reactors 3 for hydrothermal Conversion of biomass biomass that is in the form of an aqueous solution or that is produced by diluting or mixing it with water is converted into other energy carriers at elevated temperature and pressure.
  • the water is a solvent for solid components of the biomass, a reactant of the hydrothermal conversion and is possibly involved as a catalyst in the hydrothermal conversion of the biomass.
  • the various hydrothermal processes are known; they differ in pressure and temperature so that biomass is either hydrothermally carbonized, liquefied or gasified.
  • the respective reactor 3 must be suitable for the hydrothermal conversion in question.
  • biomass is converted, for example, into coal sludge or coal-like solids as an energy source.
  • biomass is converted into a high-viscosity tar as an energy carrier, the high-viscosity tar produced as a fuel or carbon-supplying raw material for the production of carbonaceous materials, carbonaceous chemicals and carbon -containing fuels can be used.
  • synthesis gas other energy sources
  • the reaction conditions of the hydrothermal gasification such as pressure, temperature, presence or absence of catalysts, possibly type of catalyst(s), flow rate of the biomass, structural details of the reactor 3, internals and arrangement of the internals in the reactor 3, composition of the biomass , if necessary separation of solids or other fractions from the biomass, if necessary time and type of separation of solids or other fractions from the biomass, etc.
  • the synthesis gas produced has a different composition.
  • biomass is converted in the presence of noble metal catalysts, for example, into synthesis gas, which preferably comprises hydrogen.
  • synthesis gas which preferably comprises hydrogen.
  • biomass is converted in the presence of catalysts, for example, into synthesis gas, which preferably includes methane.
  • biomass is preferably converted into synthesis gas, which essentially comprises hydrogen, methane and carbon.
  • a reactor 3 for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen must meet special requirements, e.g.
  • thermochemical in particular the hydrothermal conversion of biomass, biomass is preferably converted into heat and synthesis gas.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a reactor 3 for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass as reactor 3 for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into other energy sources 3, preferably a reactor 3 for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen.
  • the invention relates to a hybrid power plant for the self-sufficient energy supply of an area, which comprises one or more energy consumers 15 16 and one or more sources for biomass 24, comprising at least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12, at least one electrolyser 10 for generating hydrogen, a reactor 3 for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass in the absence of oxygen, at least one store for storing energy sources 679, at least one device for converting stored energy sources 13 14 into electricity, with at least one system for generating electricity from renewable energy sources 12 connected to one energy consumer in the area is for supplying energy to the energy consumer 15 16 or wherein at least one facility for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 1 2 is connected to the plurality of energy consumers 15 16 of the area for supplying energy to the energy consumers ucher 15 16, wherein at least one plant for generating electricity from renewable energy sources 1 2 for converting the electricity from renewable energy sources into the energy carrier hydrogen, wherein at least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12 is connected to the at least one electrolyzer 10 for
  • the synthesis gas produced preferably parts of the synthesis gas produced, in particular methane contained in the synthesis gas, is stored and any hydrogen produced or parts of the hydrogen produced are used as required for the self-sufficient energy supply of the area and the energy consumer(s) 15 16 of the area.
  • Suitable reactors 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen are described in WO 2019/020209 (PCT/EP2018/000355), EP20186443.6 and PCT/EP2021/069848.
  • this includes Hybrid power plant a reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen, for example a reactor 3 described in PCT/EP2018/000355 or EP20186443.6 or PCT/EP2021/069848
  • the energy required for supercritical water is supplied by the plant for generating electricity from renewable energy sources, directly or indirectly.
  • a corresponding reactor 3 is operated directly or indirectly in the hybrid power plant with the electricity generated from a renewable energy source 12 in order to convert biomass into synthesis gas.
  • the reactor for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass is preferably a reactor 3 described in PCT/EP2018/000355 or EP20186443.6, particularly preferably one described in PCT/ Reactor 3 described in EP2021/069848, which is connected via a line for electricity 17 to at least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12 of the hybrid power plant and is supplied or operated with electricity generated from a renewable energy source, in particular for heating of the reactor and the biomass necessary energy.
  • the reactor for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass ie biomass in supercritical water
  • the reactor for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass is a reactor 3 described in PCT/EP2018/000355 or EP20186443.6, in particular a reactor described in PCT/EP2021/069848 3, which is connected via a line for electricity 17 to a device for reconversion, for example at least one turbine 13 and/or fuel cell 14, and in this way is supplied or operated indirectly with electricity from a renewable energy source.
  • biomass is introduced into the reactor 3 and supplied with electricity Renewable energy source hydrothermally converted into synthesis gas under supercritical conditions and with the exclusion of oxygen, the synthesis gas produced, preferably parts of the synthesis gas produced, in particular methane contained in the synthesis gas, is stored in a memory for storing energy sources. If necessary, generated hydrogen or parts of the generated hydrogen is also stored in a memory for storing energy carriers. Hydrogen produced is preferably converted into other energy carriers, preferably methane, with parts of the synthesis gas. Stored synthesis gas, stored methane, possibly stored hydrogen and possibly other stored energy carriers are preferably used, in particular converted back into electricity, if required for the self-sufficient energy supply of the area and the energy consumer(s) 15 16 of the area.
  • the hybrid power plant for the self-sufficient energy supply of an area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16 and one or more sources for biomass 24, at least one system for generating electricity from renewable energy sources 12, one or more storage devices for storage of energy carriers 679, preferably at least one electrolyzer 10, at least one device for the reconversion of stored energy carriers 13 14, a reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass compressed to 25 to 35 MPa with the exclusion of oxygen, the reactor 3 having a pressure-tight, lockable inner shell, the one surrounds the first pressure chamber, comprises, and wherein the rector 3 in the inner shell
  • a separation area comprising at least one heat exchanger for heating compressed biomass to up to 550 degrees Celsius and comprising at least one separator for separating solid substances, metal salts, phosphate and ammonium, if contained in the compressed biomass, from the compressed biomass, and
  • synthesis gas line and (c) a retention area for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of the compressed biomass after heating to 600 to 700 degrees Celsius comprising the synthesis gas line, preferably with the separation area, heating area and retention area in the reactor 3 being arranged as an upright column, and the reactor 3 having an outer comprises a shell that surrounds the inner shell, and between the inner shell and the outer shell comprises a second pressure chamber, the synthesis gas line forming an annular gap with the inner shell in part of the heating area or in the entire heating area and the annular gap in the heating area at least partially has a diameter of less than 30 mm, one or more heating elements being arranged in the second pressure chamber in the area surrounding the annular gap in the heating area for heating the compressed biomass to 600 to 700 degrees Celsius in the heating area, and one system for generating electricity out he renewable energy source 12 is connected to the heating element or to the heating elements in the second pressure chamber or, if present, the plurality of plants for generating electricity from renewable energy source 1 2 are connected to the heating element or to the heating elements in the
  • the at least one system for generating electricity from renewable energy sources 1 2 is preferably connected to one or more energy consumers 1516 in the area to supply energy to energy consumer 15 16 or to supply energy to energy consumer 15 16.
  • the at least one Plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12 connected to at least one electrolyser 10 for converting the electricity from a renewable energy source into the energy carrier hydrogen.
  • At least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12 for converting the electricity from a renewable energy source into other energy carriers is connected to the reactor 3 and the reactor 3 is connected to the at least one gas processing plant 4 and the reactor 3 is optionally connected to at least is connected to a memory for storing energy sources.
  • the electrolyzer 10 with at least one memory for storing energy sources and preferably with the gas treatment system 4 and possibly with a system for methanation 5 connected.
  • biomass can be introduced into the reactor 3 and hydrothermally converted into synthesis gas with electricity from a renewable energy source under supercritical conditions and with the exclusion of oxygen.
  • the synthesis gas produced preferably parts of the synthesis gas produced, in particular methane contained in the synthesis gas, can be separated and stored and hydrogen produced or parts of the hydrogen produced can be stored and any hydrogen produced can be converted into other energy carriers with parts of the synthesis gas.
  • Stored synthesis gas, stored methane, possibly stored hydrogen and possibly other stored energy carriers can be used as required for the self-sufficient energy supply of the area and the energy consumer(s) 15 16 of the area.
  • the area includes a source of biomass 24, which is used as a feedstock for converting electricity from a renewable energy source into other energy carriers.
  • the source of biomass 24 is present or produced in the respective area and/or the area's energy consumer(s) 15-16.
  • Examples of a source for biomass 24 are organic waste such as organic waste and sewage sludge that is present in the area that is self-sufficiently supplied with energy using the hybrid power plant according to the invention, or is generated, for example by the residents of a residential building 15 or employees of an industrial plant.
  • biomass that is no longer required in the area or that the energy consumer(s) 15 16 no longer needs is converted into one or more other energy carriers in the hybrid power plant according to the invention, which can be used, for example, to supply energy if the plant is used for Generation of electricity from renewable energy sources 12 no or not enough electricity can be generated to supply the area, the energy consumer or consumers 15 16 or the energy self-sufficient unit self-sufficiently with energy.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention implements the principle of sector coupling as an isolated solution in the energy self-sufficient unit and thus enables the energy supply of the energy self-sufficient unit or area and the energy consumers 15 16, which the area includes, to be completely independent of fossil fuels and electricity nuclear fuels.
  • the conversion of on-site or existing biomass and generated excess renewable electricity 12 to alternative energy sources that are cost-effective and efficient storing it and converting it into electricity if necessary or using it directly for the energy supply enables self-sufficient energy supply.
  • the conversion and storage of excess electricity generated locally, on-site with renewable electricity generation facilities 1 2 reduces the costs of storage and transport of excess generated renewable electricity while reducing the costs of storage, transport and disposal of biomass. Only the investment costs for the purchase and construction of the hybrid power plant and the maintenance costs of the hybrid power plant are incurred.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a reactor 3 for thermochemical conversion, preferably for hydrothermal conversion of biomass into a reaction product consisting of or comprising synthesis gas.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a reactor 3 for converting biomass into synthesis gas and possibly other energy carriers (e.g. heat), the synthesis gas produced essentially, preferably at least 80% by volume, preferably at least 90% by volume, water, CO2, CO, includes H2 and CH4.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass in supercritical water with the exclusion of oxygen, preferably a reactor 3, which is described in EP20186443.6 or PCT/EP2021/069848, the synthesis gas produced essentially being H2, CO2 and CH4 or wherein the synthesis gas produced consists, for example, of at least 90% by volume, preferably at least 95% by volume or more, of H2, CO2 and CH4.
  • the synthesis gas obtained by supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen is preferably dissolved in supercritical water.
  • biomass is converted into the energy carriers H2, CO2 and CH4.
  • H2 and CH4 are energy carriers that can be used directly, for example H2 to power hydrogen vehicles.
  • H2 and CH4 are energy carriers that can be stored and converted into other energy carriers.
  • the conversion by the hybrid power plant of biomass and electricity from renewable energy sources into the energy carriers H2 and CH4 contributes significantly to the self-sufficient energy supply of the area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16, at.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention comprises one or more stores for storing energy sources 6 7 9 (hereinafter also referred to as "energy stores").
  • the hybrid power plant comprises two to 20, preferably three, four, five or more stores for storing energy sources.
  • the energy stores can be the same or different, preferably the hybrid power plant comprises at least two, preferably three, different storage devices for storing energy carriers.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises one or more gas storage devices as energy storage devices, for example compressed gas storage devices such as low-pressure gas storage devices, medium-pressure gas storage devices, high-pressure gas storage devices, preferably medium-pressure storage devices Gases at a pressure of 40 to 100 bar
  • the hybrid power plant comprises at least one H2 store 6 and at least one CH4 store 7, with preferably H2 store 6 and CH4 store 7 being compressed gas stores.
  • the energy carriers CH4 and H2 are particularly suitable for storing energy, as an energy reserve for a time when the energy supply of the area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16 is not or not sufficiently supplied by one or more plant(s) for production can be covered by electricity from renewable energy sources 1 2 . Due to their different properties, CH4 and H2 are particularly suitable for storing energy for different, complementary periods of time.
  • the storage of CH4 as an energy carrier is suitable Long-term stocks, for example, an energy source stock can be created in summer, which supplements the production of electricity from a renewable energy source such as the sun in winter, with the self-sufficient energy supply of the area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16 or the energy self-sufficient unit as well to ensure in winter.
  • the CH4 memory 7 is therefore suitable as a seasonal memory.
  • the energy carrier Cl from the CH4 - storage 7, preferably the CH4 - compressed gas storage the energy supply of the area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16, or the energy self-sufficient unit over long periods such as weeks and months can be ensured.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises at least one CH4 store 7, preferably at least one CH4 compressed gas store as a long-term store or seasonal store.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises at least one H2 store 6, preferably at least one H2 medium-pressure store as a medium-term store for storing the energy carrier H2 for hours to weeks, for example 1 to 24 hours, 1 or more days. Due to the lower energy density of H2 compared to CH4, a larger geometric volume of the energy carrier H2 is required to store the same amount of energy than to store the same amount of energy CH4. In preferred forms of the hybrid power plant, H2 that is not required immediately or in the near future is therefore converted into CH4 and stored in the CH4 storage device 7, preferably a CH4 compressed gas storage device. In preferred forms, the hybrid power plant includes means for converting H2 to CH4.
  • the methanation plants 5 can be used to convert H2 that is not required, e.g. from the H2 storage 6 or medium-term storage, or H2 that is not required for mobility into CH4 for long-term storage.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises at least one gas treatment plant 4.
  • the at least one gas treatment plant 4 preferably comprises means for separating synthesis gas into the different gases contained in the synthesis gas or means for separating individual gases.
  • the hybrid power plant preferably comprises at least one gas processing plant 4 comprising means for separating H2 from the synthesis gas.
  • the hybrid power plant preferably comprises at least one gas processing plant 4 comprising means for separating CH4 from the synthesis gas.
  • Corresponding gas processing plants 4 and means for separating synthesis gas or for separating individual gases are known, for example membrane plants, adsorption plants.
  • the gas processing plant 4 comprises means for converting CO2 to CH4, preferably at least one plant for methanation 5.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a reactor 3 for the hydrothermal conversion of biomass into other energy carriers, in particular a reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen, at least one gas processing plant 4 with means for separating individual gases from the synthesis gas produced, preferably means for separating H2, means for separating CH4 and at least one plant for methanation 5.
  • this includes Hybrid power plant a reactor 3 for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass in the absence of oxygen, at least one gas treatment plant 4 with means for separating individual gases from the synthesis gas produced, preferably Mitt el for separating H2 and means for separating CH4 and at least one plant for methanation 5 and at least two storage devices for storing energy sources, preferably an H2 storage device 6 and a CH4 storage device 7.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a reactor 3 for the hydrothermal conversion of biomass into other energy carriers, in particular a reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen to form synthesis gas, the reactor 3 having at least one gas treatment system 4 via a line for synthesis gas 18 connected is.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises at least one gas treatment plant 4, at least one H2 store 6 and line for H220, the gas treatment plant 4 being connected to the H2 store 6 via the line for H220.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises at least one gas treatment plant 4, at least one CH4 store 7 and line for CH419, the gas treatment plant 4 being connected to the CH4 store 7 via the line for CH419.
  • the hybrid power plant includes additional stores for storing energy sources 6 7 9, for example short-term stores for storing energy sources for seconds and minutes. Suitable short-term storage are, for example, battery 8 for storing electricity generated from renewable energy sources 1 2, accumulator, flywheel.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises at least one battery 8 as a short-term storage device, the battery 8 being connected via a power line 17 to the PtX device(s), in particular the reactor 3, possibly the electrolyzer 10 and possibly the one or more energy consumers 15 16 of the area is connected.
  • the hybrid power plant uses renewable energy sources to generate electricity.
  • renewable energy sources include solar power, wind power (wind energy), hydroelectric power, biomass, and geothermal energy.
  • the hybrid power plant includes at least one plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source. Electricity from solar energy can be generated, for example, with photovoltaic (PV) systems, electricity from wind energy, for example, by wind turbines, electricity from water, for example by hydroelectric power plants. Corresponding systems are known.
  • the hybrid power plant includes at least two plants for generating electricity from renewable energy sources.
  • the hybrid power plant can include more than two, for example three, four or more plants for generating electricity from renewable energy sources. These plants can use the same or different renewable energy sources.
  • the hybrid power plant includes at least two different systems for generating electricity from the same renewable energy source.
  • the hybrid power plant includes at least two plants for generating electricity from two different renewable energy sources.
  • the hybrid power plant includes at least two different plants for generating electricity from two different renewable energy sources.
  • the hybrid power plant includes at least one plant for generating electricity from solar energy 1 and at least one plant for generating electricity from hydropower or at least one plant for generating electricity from solar energy 1 and at least one plant for generating electricity from wind energy 2 or at least one plant for generating electricity from hydropower and at least one plant for generating electricity from wind energy 2.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a plant for generating electricity from solar energy 1 and a plant for generating electricity from wind energy 2.
  • Each plant for generating electricity from renewable energy sources in the hybrid power plant can have one or more elements for generating electricity from renewable energy sources include, for example, a wind turbine may include one or more wind turbines.
  • Corresponding systems for generating electricity from solar energy 1 and for generating electricity from wind energy 2 are known and can, depending on the geographic location of the area and the energy consumer or consumers 1516, the necessary energy supply Energy needs of the area and the energy consumer or consumers 15 16 at certain times are selected.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises two, three or more PtX devices for converting electricity generated from renewable energy sources 1 2 into other energy carriers. This couples the generation of electricity from the renewable energy source with the other sectors in the self-powered unit, i.e. the hybrid power plant and the one or more energy consumers 15-16 of the area.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises two, three or more PtG devices for converting electricity generated from a renewable energy source into gas.
  • the electrolyzer 10 e.g. the PEM electrolyzer or the PEM electrolytic cell stack converts water and generated electricity into the energy carrier H2, whereby generated H2 can be used as an energy supplier e.g.
  • At least one plant for generating electricity from solar energy 1 and/or at least one plant for generating electricity from wind energy 2 at least one PtG device for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into other energy carriers, preferably a reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal conversion of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen in Synthesis gas preferably a reactor 3, which is described in EP20186443.6, in particular a reactor 3, which is described in PCT/EP2021/069848, at least one second PtG device for converting electricity from a renewable energy source into hydrogen, preferably at least one electrolyzer 10, especially at least one PEM electrolyser, particularly preferably at least one PEM electrolysis cell stack for generating hydrogen, at least one gas treatment plant 4, the gas treatment plant 4 means for separating Pfe from the synthesis gas, means for separating CP from the synthesis gas and a methanation plant 5 comprises a plurality of energy stores, with at least one energy store being an H2 store 6 and at least one energy store being a CH4 store 7 and at least one energy store being a battery
  • the plybrid power plant according to the invention preferably comprises one or more devices for the reconversion 13 14 of energy carriers, preferably devices for the reconversion of gaseous energy carriers. Corresponding devices for reconversion are known.
  • the plybrid power plant includes a device for the reconversion of methane or a methane-hydrogen mixture.
  • the plybrid power plant comprises a gas engine and/or gas turbine 13 and/or fuel cell 14 for reconversion.
  • electricity from a renewable energy source and/or from reconverted energy sources which has previously been generated with the plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source 12 and possibly stored, is used to supply the hybrid power plant with energy, for example for thermochemical conversion of the biomass, for example for compressing and heating biomass in the reactor 3 and/or for operating the electrolyser 10.
  • the hybrid power plant can include heat accumulator 9 for storing waste heat generated from all processes and, if necessary, a heat pump 11 for heat supply, e.g. heating, hot water preparation for the the energy consumers 15 16, which includes the area.
  • the plant(s) for generating electricity from renewable energy sources, PtX device(s), reactor 3, gas treatment plant 4, energy storage and device(s) for reconversion are arranged accordingly in the hybrid power plant and connected to one another.
  • the energy self-sufficient unit can also include other energy consumers (e.g. filling stations for e-cars or H2 vehicles) that are supplied with energy using electricity or other energy sources that are generated using the hybrid power plant according to the invention .
  • other energy consumers e.g. filling stations for e-cars or H2 vehicles
  • the energy self-sufficient unit can also include other energy consumers (e.g. filling stations for e-cars or H2 vehicles) that are supplied with energy using electricity or other energy sources that are generated using the hybrid power plant according to the invention .
  • the hybrid power plant can include a connection to the natural gas network 12 for feeding excess CH4 into the natural gas network 12 .
  • CH4 produced in the hybrid power plant is biomethane as it is produced exclusively from renewable energy sources.
  • Excess biomethane can also be used as a raw material in the chemical industry.
  • Excess hydrogen can, for example, be used as fuel for H2-powered vehicles.
  • the hybrid power plant or the self-sufficient energy unit can include a trailer filling station 25 , a service tank 26 , a public tank 27 .
  • Excess electricity from renewable energy sources can be fed into the grid or used as fuel for electric vehicles (e-cars).
  • the hybrid power plant or the energy self-sufficient unit can include a connection to the electricity grid and/or electricity filling stations.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention or the energy self-sufficient unit contributes to the energy supply of the energy consumers 15 16, which includes the area and the energy supply of the hybrid power plant, to the energy supply and to the implementation of a nationwide energy supply based exclusively on renewable energy sources.
  • the hybrid power plant is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the area to be supplied, which includes one or more energy consumers 15 16 .
  • “Self-sufficient energy supply” means that the energy supply of an area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16 is completely covered by the hybrid power plant at any time of day, night and year.
  • the energy supply of the area that includes one or more energy consumers 15 16 includes lighting, heating, cooling, hot water, electricity for various technical devices such as household, office, entertainment and garden equipment.
  • biomass is supplied from outside for self-sufficient energy supply. A supply of biomass may be necessary if the in the Biomass available in the area or available for disposal is not sufficient to completely cover the energy supply at any time of the day, night or year.
  • the source of biomass 24 may comprise, for example, biomass, the biomass being selected from sludge, sewage sludge, organic waste, biogas plant waste, aqueous organic waste, industrial waste, municipal waste, animal waste, agricultural waste, garden waste, animal meal, vegetable waste, Marc, fly ash, sewage sludge fly ash, waste from the food industry, drilling mud, fermentation residues, liquid manure and waste water such as industrial waste water.
  • Solid organic waste can also be used as biomass, for example paper, cardboard, plastics, leftover food, garden waste and other waste from the compost bin. Solid organic waste is passed through cutting or shredding devices and diluted with water or aqueous solutions.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention comprises at least one plant for crushing solids contained in the biomass.
  • at least one plant for comminution is arranged between the energy consumer 15 16 of the area that produces the biomass and the reactor 3 .
  • the biomass that is used as a raw material is preferably pumpable. Biomass may have to be diluted before it can be used as starting material in the reactor 3 .
  • the biomass preferably has a high water content, possibly after dilution, for example at least 80% by weight water, preferably at least 85% by weight water, preferably at least 86% by weight, particularly preferably 87% by weight to 88% by weight water .
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention comprises at least one plant for diluting the biomass with water to produce a biomass that can be pumped (i.e. comprises at least 80% by weight of water).
  • at least one plant for dilution is arranged between the energy consumer 1516 of the area producing the biomass and the reactor 3 .
  • a source of biomass 24 can be waste generated in the area, e.g. organic waste from the occupants of a residential building 15, or a source of biomass 24 can be stored in the area or can be regrown or supplied from outside, e.g. (garden) waste , manure from animal stables or sewage sludge that accumulates in the area or in the vicinity of the area or the energy self-sufficient unit.
  • the source of biomass 24 is supplied with biomass from other areas, e.g., biomass that occurs in other areas and cannot be disposed of or recycled there, such as sewage sludge or liquid manure.
  • the hybrid power plant can also be operated as a biowaste disposal plant for other areas, which is an additional advantage.
  • the biomass includes carbon-containing compounds, for example organic components and/or plastics.
  • the biomass can also contain varying amounts of inorganic components such as sand, metals and heavy metals or metal ions, metal salts, metal oxides, heavy metal ions, heavy metal salts, heavy metal oxides, phosphorus, phosphorus oxide, phosphate, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, ammonium. These substances represent valuable substances. It is advantageous to recover these valuable substances from the biomass.
  • the hybrid power plant includes a reactor 3 which includes means for separating valuable substances present in the biomass before or during the hydrothermal gasification and for recovering them from the biomass.
  • Suitable PtX devices for supercritical hydrothermal gasification with the exclusion of oxygen are described in EP 3 434 382 B1 and PCT/EP2018/000355, suitable reactors 3 in EP20186443.6 and PCT/EP2021/069848.
  • valuable materials are separated from the biomass in one or more fractions, preferably in three fractions, before the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of the biomass compressed to 25 to 35 MPa at temperatures of up to 550 degrees Celsius.
  • the compressed biomass is first heated to 200-300 degrees Celsius, and a fraction enriched in solid matter is separated, then the compressed biomass is heated to 300-400 degrees Celsius, and a fraction enriched in metal salts is separated, then the compressed biomass is heated to 400 to 550 degrees Celsius and a fraction enriched in phosphate and ammonium is separated.
  • the valuable materials can also be separated in one or two fractions or in more than three fractions. Valuable substances are enriched in the fraction or in the separated fractions, eg phosphorus as phosphate, nitrogen as ammonium, metals as metal ion salts, silicon as sand.
  • the valuable materials contained in the biomass can be separated into one or more fractions and fed to a recycling process.
  • the hybrid power plant or the energy self-sufficient unit can include containers for storing valuable materials separated from biomass. A hybrid power plant according to the invention therefore also fulfills the task of recovering valuable materials from biomass.
  • the hybrid power plant includes a reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass with the exclusion of oxygen, with compressed biomass being heated to up to 550 degrees Celsius and existing valuable materials being separated before the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of the biomass with the exclusion of oxygen.
  • the compressed biomass is heated to 600 to 700 degrees Celsius after the separation of recyclable materials for thermochemical conversion into the energy source synthesis gas, with the biomass being hydrothermally gasified in supercritical water with the exclusion of oxygen to form synthesis gas, with the synthesis gas produced being dissolved in supercritical water and essentially consists of methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention or the energy self-sufficient unit according to the invention can comprise at least one high-pressure pump.
  • the hybrid power plant according to the invention comprises at least one high-pressure pump for compressing biomass which can be pumped (ie which comprises at least 80% by weight of water) to 25 to 35 MPa.
  • At least one high-pressure pump is preferably arranged between the source of biomass 24 and the reactor 3 .
  • At least one high-pressure pump is arranged between the energy consumer 1516 of the area or the energy consumers 15 16 of the area producing biomass and the reactor 3 .
  • the at least one high-pressure pump is preferably arranged between the dilution system and the reactor 3 .
  • the at least one high-pressure pump is preferably arranged between the comminution system and the reactor 3 .
  • the hybrid power plant preferably comprises at least one further high-pressure pump, which is preferably arranged between the other biomass source 24 and the reactor 3 .
  • the hybrid power plant preferably comprises at least one high-pressure pump for compressing biomass to 25 to 35 MPa, the at least one high-pressure pump being arranged between the at least one energy consumer 15 16 of the area that produces biomass and the reactor 3, or the at least one high-pressure pump being arranged between the other source of biomass 24 comprising the area and arranged to the reactor 3 or at least one high pressure pump arranged between the energy consumer 15 16 of the area producing biomass and the reactor 3 and at least one high pressure pump arranged between the other source of biomass 24 encompassing the area and located at the reactor 3, or wherein the at least one high-pressure pump is located between the dilution equipment, if any, and the reactor 3, or wherein the at least one high-pressure pump is arranged between the comminution plant, if present, and the reactor 3
  • the hybrid power plant or the energy self-sufficient unit can include other components, for example components that are mentioned in EP20186443.6 and PCT/EP2021/069848 for corresponding reactors 3 and systems.
  • the geographical term “area” refers to a spatially (mostly) contiguous area or area on the earth's surface, which can also extend into the third dimension.
  • a "geographical unit” forms a geographic area on the basis of postal units.
  • the area serves as a basis for the spatial structuring of the area that is supplied with energy by the hybrid power plant according to the invention.
  • An area is e.g. a country, state, city, district, street, county, region, district.
  • the area can include one or more buildings or structures as energy consumers.
  • the area can be, for example, a collection of residential buildings 15 and/or buildings that are not residential buildings 15, for example a city, district, street, village, district as energy consumers.
  • the area may include other energy consumers, such as street lighting, pumps for water supply.
  • One embodiment of the energy self-sufficient unit relates to energy self-sufficient buildings, in particular energy self-sufficient residential buildings 15, the area comprising one or more buildings, for example a residential building 15 or more residential buildings 15 as energy consumers and a hybrid power plant according to the invention for self-sufficient energy supply.
  • One embodiment of the energy self-sufficient unit relates to an energy self-sufficient village or town, the area comprising a village or a town as an energy consumer and a hybrid power plant according to the invention for self-sufficient energy supply.
  • One embodiment of the energy self-sufficient unit relates to an energy self-sufficient industrial plant, the area comprising an industrial plant such as a mine 16 as an energy consumer and a hybrid power plant according to the invention for self-sufficient energy supply.
  • the self-sufficient energy supply through electricity from renewable energy sources is carried out by sector coupling of the individual devices, reactor 3 and systems in the hybrid power plant and connection of the hybrid power plant with the or the energy consumers 15 16, which includes the area.
  • the plant(s) for generating electricity from renewable energy sources and the energy consumer(s) comprising the area are coupled to exchange energy sources.
  • the plant(s) for generating electricity from renewable energy sources and the PtX devices are coupled to one another, for example the plant for generating electricity from renewable energy sources is coupled to a heat pump 11, to the PtX device for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into other energy carriers, in particular the reactor 3, with the PtG device, , in particular the electrolyser 10 for converting electricity from renewable energy sources into hydrogen.
  • the PtX devices in the energy self-sufficient unit are preferably coupled to one another in order to convert generated and stored energy carriers into one another and to be able to use the energy carriers at different points of the hybrid power plant and each energy consumer in the area and the energy self-sufficient unit for energy supply.
  • the energy stores are preferably coupled to one another, to the PtX devices and, if present, to the devices for reconversion.
  • Devices for generating electricity from renewable energy sources, PtX devices and possibly heat pumps 11 are coupled to the geographic entity. Further couplings are possible and can be designed individually. Corresponding couplings and PtX devices are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the base load the load on the power grid that is not undercut during a day.
  • the base load is therefore dependent on the day of observation (e.g. seasonal fluctuations), the area and the energy consumers included (e.g. size of the residential building 15 or the industrial plant), the utilization of the PtX devices, etc
  • the energy consumer or consumers of the area or the energy self-sufficient unit can also be supplied with energy as required.
  • the needs-adapted supply of the energy self-sufficient unit takes place via the combination of electricity from renewable energy sources and, if necessary, the addition of stored energy sources (coupling), for example reconversion of the stored methane or a methane-hydrogen mixture.
  • coupled for example reconversion of the stored methane or a methane-hydrogen mixture.
  • the hybrid power plant or the self-sufficient energy unit can be controlled, for example, via an energy management system based on consumption data.
  • One or more parts of the hybrid power plant can be arranged in containers.
  • the hybrid power plant can be delivered turnkey and, for example, arranged in the vicinity of existing areas that include one or more energy consumers 1516 for energy supply and coupled to the energy consumer(s) of the area or in the vicinity of areas to be newly developed.
  • the energy self-sufficient mine 16 includes a container for storing biomass 24, the container being connected via a line for biomass 23 to the PtX device for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into other energy carriers.
  • the plant for generating electricity from solar energy 1 and the plant for generating electricity from wind energy 2 are connected to the mine 16, reactor 3, electrolyser 10, turbines 13 above Lines for electricity 17 connected.
  • the reactor 3 is connected to the gas processing plant 4 via a line 18 for synthesis gas.
  • the H2 storage device 6 is connected to the gas treatment plant 4 and the electrolyzer 10 via lines 20 for hydrogen.
  • the CH4 storage 7 is connected to gas processing plant 4, gas turbines 13 and natural gas network 12 via lines for 19 methane.
  • the sector coupling takes place through the conversion of electricity from renewable energy source sun and wind into other energy carriers in the PtX devices electrolyser 10, reactor 3, gas turbines 13.
  • the short-term storage of energy carriers takes place in the form of electricity by the battery 8
  • the medium-term storage takes place in the form of hydrogen by the H2 storage device 6
  • the Long-term storage takes place in the form of methane by the CH4 store 7.
  • the stores in the hybrid power plant are connected to one another by suitable lines, namely lines for gas and lines for electricity 17.
  • the hybrid power plant is connected to the mine 16 via power lines 17 .
  • the energy self-sufficient mine 16 includes a trailer filling station 25, an operating tank 26 and a public tank 27 for hydrogen-powered vehicles, which are connected to the hybrid power plant via lines for hydrogen 20 .
  • the system for generating electricity from solar energy 1 is connected to the residential building 15, reactor 3, electrolyser 10, heat pump 11 via lines 17 for electricity.
  • the reactor 3 is connected to the gas processing plant 4 via a line 18 for synthesis gas.
  • the H2 storage device 6 is connected to the gas treatment plant 4, the methanation plant 5, and the electrolyzer 10 via lines for hydrogen 20.
  • the CH4 storage 7 is connected to the gas treatment plant 4, methanation plant 5, fuel cell 14 and natural gas network 12 via lines for methane 19.
  • the system for generating electricity from solar energy 1, the fuel cell 14, the battery 8 provide the electricity for the operation of the hybrid power plant and the self-sufficient energy supply of the residential building 15.
  • Sector coupling takes place by converting electricity from the sun as a renewable energy source into other energy sources in the electrolyser 10, Reactor 3, fuel cell 14.
  • Short-term storage of energy carriers takes place in the form of electricity by battery 8
  • medium-term storage takes place in the form of hydrogen by H2 storage 6
  • long-term storage takes place in the form of methane by CH4 storage 7.
  • the hybrid power plant For sector coupling are in the hybrid power plant the energy storage through suitable lines, namely lines for gas and lines for electricity 17 connected to each other.
  • the hybrid power plant is connected to the residential building 15 via lines for electricity 17 and lines for heat 22 .
  • the hybrid power plant includes a heat accumulator 9, which is connected to the reactor 3, electrolyser 10, methanation system 5, and heat pump 11 via lines for heat 22 in order to use the waste heat that is produced during the conversion into other energy carriers as completely as possible.
  • the heat accumulator 9 is connected to the residential building 15 so that the heat from the heat accumulator 9 can be used, for example, to heat the residential building and/or to heat water.
  • the residential building 15 is connected to the reactor 3 via a line 23 for biomass.
  • Example 1 Energy self-sufficient unit comprising a mine 16
  • This example relates to an energy self-sufficient unit comprising a mine 16 as a geographic unit and a hybrid power plant for the self-sufficient energy supply of mine 16.
  • the energy-intensive operation of a conventional mine 16 leads to high energy costs.
  • the ongoing amendments to the EU emissions law are leading to lower and lower limit values for NOx and CCh emissions, also for mines 16.
  • the acquisition of lower-emission or zero-emission vehicles for mines 16 is expensive.
  • the energy requirement for mine 16 is around 14 GWh per year with a base load of around 900 kW and a peak load of around 2,800 kW. With two wind turbines and one photovoltaic system, mine 16 cannot be supplied with energy continuously and as required. Due to wind and dark doldrums (no wind and no sun), in every scenario in which only electricity from renewable energy sources wind and sun is generated as the energy source for mine 16, it is necessary to supply fossil energy sources in order to ensure the energy supply to all Day, night and seasons to ensure.
  • a hybrid power plant can supply the mine 16 with energy independently, with the energy only coming from renewable energy sources. This makes mine 16 independent of the consumption of fossil fuels and climate-neutral.
  • the hybrid power plant for the self-sufficient energy supply of the mine 16 comprises two systems for generating electricity from wind energy 2 (two wind turbines) and a system for generating electricity from solar energy 1 (photovoltaic system), reactor 3, electrolyser 10, gas treatment system 4 including means for Separation of generated synthesis gas in Hz, CO2 and CH4 and comprising a plant for methanation 5, several energy storage, comprising a CH4 storage 7 as a long-term storage, a hydrogen storage 6 as a medium-term storage, a battery 8 as a short-term storage, two gas turbines 13 for the reconversion of methane.
  • An existing mine 16 which already includes wind power and photovoltaic systems, can be added to build the hybrid power plant.
  • the existing plant for generating electricity from renewable energy sources with a reactor 3 for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of sewage sludge in the absence of oxygen, electrolyser 10, energy storage, gas processing plant 4, and gas turbines 13, the self-sufficient energy supply of mine 16 can also be used in wind and dark periods be ensured.
  • Mine 16 and the hybrid power plant form an energy self-sufficient unit.
  • the energy self-sufficient unit includes a connection to the natural gas network 12 and filling stations for Hydrogen-powered vehicles, such as trailer filling stations 25 and mine-internal and public filling stations for Hz-powered vehicles.
  • Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the energy self-sufficient mine 16.
  • the energy self-sufficient mine 16 enables the cost-effective conversion to emission-free, hydrogen-powered vehicles for mine 16 in mine 16, since self-sufficiency with hydrogen in the energy self-sufficient unit is possible.
  • the reactor for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of sewage sludge with the exclusion of oxygen is also used for the recycling of sewage sludge.
  • the reactor according to EP20186443.6 and PCT/EP2021/069848 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of sewage sludge with the exclusion of oxygen has, for example, a throughput capacity of 37 tons of sewage sludge per year.
  • the energy carrier sewage sludge is converted into the energy carrier synthesis gas and at the same time valuable substances, namely valuable nutrients or raw materials, are recovered from the sewage sludge.
  • the self-powered mine 16 may include one or more containers for storing biomass 24 such as sewage sludge.
  • the self-sufficient energy supply of mine 16 also leads to the elimination of the EEG surcharge.
  • the price for The self-sufficient energy supply of mine 16 is stable and long-term energy cost planning is possible.
  • the emission of CO2 and nitrogen oxides is reduced or avoided.
  • the hydrogen can be used to refuel H2-powered mining vehicles and, if necessary, other H2-powered vehicles or H2-powered machines. This leads to a long-term solution to the emission problem underground. Excess hydrogen can via Hz gas station n be sold to third parties.
  • the energy self-sufficient mine 16 can include one or more trailer filling stations 25 and/or one or more Hz filling stations.
  • the hybrid power plant can include CH4 storage 7 for generated biomethane (CH4).
  • CH4 storage 7 for generated biomethane (CH4).
  • the hybrid power plant includes one or more CH4 storage 7, for example, eight tanks as compressed gas storage with a volume of 115 m 3 per tank for storing CH4 at a pressure of up to 80 bar.
  • the 8 tanks store the amount of energy carrier CH4 as a long-term supply, which secures the energy supply of mine 16 for 5 days.
  • the hybrid power plant can include storage for generated biohydrogen (H2).
  • the hybrid power plant comprises one or more H2 stores 6, for example eleven tanks as compressed gas stores with a volume of 115 m 3 per tank for storing H2 at a pressure of up to 40 bar.
  • the 11 tanks act as medium-term storage and store the amount of energy carrier H2 that is required in the next few hours or days to supply the mine and the vehicle fleet with energy.
  • the hydrogen that is to be sold is also stored in the tank.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a total of 9 turbines 13, which convert the stored energy carrier CH4 or a mixture of the stored energy carriers CH4 and H2 into the energy carrier electricity as required.
  • the methane produced can also be fed into the natural gas network 12 .
  • the energy self-sufficient mine 16 can comprise one or more lines which connect the CH4 storage device 7 to the natural gas network 12 .
  • This example relates to an area comprising a residential building 15 as an energy consumer and a hybrid power plant for the self-sufficient energy supply of the residential building 15.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a plant for generating electricity from a renewable energy source, preferably a photovoltaic plant, reactor 3, preferably a reactor 3 according to EP20186443.6, in particular according to and PCT/EP2021/069848 for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass, electrolyser 10, gas treatment plant 4, fuel cell 14, heat pump 11, four different energy stores namely methane storage 7, hydrogen storage 6, battery 8, heat storage 9.
  • the residential building 15 has 30 apartments and accommodates about 80 residents.
  • the energy supply requirement is around 95,000 kWh per year.
  • the operating concept of residential building 15 is based on the energy supply with electricity from a photovoltaic system. Approx. 118,000 kWh of electricity per year can be generated with the photovoltaic system, ie approx. 25,000 kWh more electricity per year is generated than is necessary for the energy supply of residential building 15 .
  • the photovoltaic system generates more energy than is consumed (overlap).
  • the photovoltaic system generates less electricity than is required in residential building 15 (shortfall).
  • most electricity is generated at midday, while no electricity is generated in the mornings and evenings. In the mornings, evenings, at night and in the months from October to February, residential building 15 cannot be sufficiently supplied with energy from electricity from solar energy, although the total electricity generated from solar energy in the year would be sufficient for self-sufficient energy supply.
  • a hybrid power plant according to the invention can ensure the energy supply of the residential building 15 at all times of the day, night and season and supply the residential building 15 with energy completely and independently without using fossil fuels, i.e. energy self-sufficient and climate-neutral.
  • the hybrid power plant for the self-sufficient energy supply of the residential building 15 includes a plant for generating electricity from solar energy 1, a reactor 3 for the supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass that is generated by the residential building 15 or the residents, with the exclusion of oxygen, preferably a reactor 3 according to PCT /EP2021/069848, with the valuable substances contained in the biomass being separated into at least three fractions before the supercritical hydrothermal gasification, a second PtX device, namely an electrolyzer 10, a gas treatment system 4 comprising means for separating the synthesis gas produced into H2, CO2 and CH4 and a system for methanation 5, several energy storage devices, comprising a CH4 storage device 7 as a long-term storage device, a hydrogen storage device 6 as a medium-term storage device, a battery 8 as a short-term storage device, two fuel cells 14 for converting methane back into electricity, means for crushing carbon-containing waste and means for dilution of carbonaceous waste.
  • the existing system for generating electricity from renewable energy sources with a reactor for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of carbon-containing waste in the absence of oxygen, electrolyser 10, energy storage, gas processing system 4 and fuel cells 14, the self-sufficient energy supply of residential building 15 can also be used in wind and dark doldrums are ensured.
  • the energy self-sufficient residential building 15 includes a connection to the natural gas network 12 and filling stations for Hydrogen powered vehicles include. The hydrogen produced can be used to refuel residents’ Hz-powered vehicles or sold, for example via H2 filling stations.
  • carbon-containing waste from the residents of residential building 15 is preferably used as the educt (basic material).
  • the residents' organic waste includes, for example, paper, cardboard, plastics, leftover food, garden waste and other waste from the compost bin. Each inhabitant produces around 300 kg of organic waste per year.
  • the carbonaceous waste is crushed and diluted with water.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises means for crushing carbon-containing waste and means for diluting the crushed carbon-containing waste.
  • the comminuted, diluted waste containing carbon is converted into synthesis gas in the reactor 3 under supercritical hydrothermal conditions.
  • Valuable materials and nutrients are separated from the shredded, diluted carbon-containing waste at a pressure of 25 to 35 MPa and temperatures of up to 550 degrees Celsius and then converted into synthesis gas that is dissolved in supercritical water.
  • the hybrid power plant can include containers for storing the separated valuables and nutrients.
  • the hybrid power plant includes a gas processing plant 4 for separating synthesis gas, which mainly consists of CH4, H2 and CO2, into its individual components.
  • the hybrid power plant includes a tank as a methane store 7. The methane generated by the gas processing or the methane stored in the tank can be converted back into electricity with the fuel cell 14 if required.
  • the methane is used in the residential building 15 to supply electricity to the residential building 15, the heat pumps 11 and the reactor when the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system is not sufficient for the energy supply.
  • Generated heat that is not required immediately can be stored in a heat accumulator 9 and, if required, used for the energy supply, in particular for heating and/or hot water supply for the residential building 15 .
  • the waste heat generated from all processes can also be stored in the heat accumulator 9 and used to heat the residential building 15 .
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a heat accumulator 9 and an electrically operated heat pump 11.
  • the energy supply of the area that includes residential building 15 is CCh-neutral. Energy costs are stable. There are no disposal costs for carbon-containing waste.
  • the hybrid power plant comprises an electrolyser 10 which is operated with electricity from renewable energy and which converts excess electricity into hydrogen.
  • the control of energy generation, the conversion from one energy carrier to another with PtX devices, the storage of energy carriers, the gas processing and the reconversion can be controlled via an energy management system based on consumption data.
  • residential building 15, photovoltaic system, reactor 3, gas processing system 4, electrolyzer 10, fuel cell 14, methane storage 7, hydrogen storage 6, heat pump 11 and heat storage 9 are arranged in the energy self-sufficient unit as shown in Fig. 2 and connected to one another .
  • the hybrid power plant comprises a first container, the first container comprising an electrolyzer 10, a fuel cell 14 and a hydrogen storage device 6.
  • the first container has the dimensions 12 m x 2.5 m x 3 m.
  • the second container has the dimensions 12 m x 2.5 m x 3 m.
  • the methane store 7 in the hybrid power plant is a tank with the dimensions 2.8 m (diameter) x 21 m (length).
  • the heat accumulator 9 in the hybrid power plant is a tank with the dimensions 2.8 m (diameter) x 21 m (length).
  • the hybrid power plant includes a second tank as a heat accumulator 9 with the dimensions 2.8 m (diameter) x 21 m (length).
  • the energy self-sufficient unit comprises a container for storing biomass, in particular organic waste.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une centrale hybride destinée à alimenter de manière autonome en énergie des bâtiments, en particulier des bâtiments résidentiels, et des installations industrielles qui sont disposés dans une zone qui comprend une source de biomasse. La centrale hybride est de préférence disposée à proximité de bâtiments et d'installations industrielles à alimenter pour fournir localement de l'énergie. La centrale hybride comprend au moins un système de génération d'énergie à partir de sources d'énergie renouvelable et un dispositif P2X pour convertir thermochimiquement l'électricité provenant de sources d'énergie renouvelable et de biomasse en d'autres vecteurs énergétiques qui sont stockés et reconvertis en électricité à la demande. Afin d'alimenter en énergie les bâtiments et les installations industrielles devant être alimentés pendant périodes de pot-au-noir, la centrale électrique hybride comprend un ou plusieurs dispositifs de stockage d'énergie et au moins un système pour reconvertir l'énergie en électricité. L'alimentation de bâtiments ou d'installations industrielles en énergie au moyen de la centrale hybride est neutre du point de vue du climat et des émissions de CO2.
EP21815487.0A 2020-11-19 2021-11-18 Centrale hybride pour alimenter de manière autonome en énergie des bâtiments et des installations industrielles Pending EP4247916A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20208567.6A EP4001379A1 (fr) 2020-11-19 2020-11-19 Centrale électrique hybride destinée à l'approvisionnement en énergie autonome de bâtiments et d'installations industrielles
PCT/EP2021/082229 WO2022106584A1 (fr) 2020-11-19 2021-11-18 Centrale hybride pour alimenter de manière autonome en énergie des bâtiments et des installations industrielles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4247916A1 true EP4247916A1 (fr) 2023-09-27

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