EP2892983A2 - Séquestration écologique de dioxyde de carbone/augmentation de la quantité de bioénergie pouvant être obtenue à partir d'une biomasse - Google Patents

Séquestration écologique de dioxyde de carbone/augmentation de la quantité de bioénergie pouvant être obtenue à partir d'une biomasse

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Publication number
EP2892983A2
EP2892983A2 EP12798134.8A EP12798134A EP2892983A2 EP 2892983 A2 EP2892983 A2 EP 2892983A2 EP 12798134 A EP12798134 A EP 12798134A EP 2892983 A2 EP2892983 A2 EP 2892983A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
biomass
methane
carbon
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EP12798134.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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Karl-Werner Dietrich
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP2892983A2 publication Critical patent/EP2892983A2/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
    • C07C1/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1612—CO2-separation and sequestration, i.e. long time storage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1662—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to methane (SNG)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1684—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with electrolysis of water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • Carbonation sequestration also known as CCS (Carbon Capturing and Storage)
  • CCS Carbon Capturing and Storage
  • the C02 is pressed under high pressure into underground cavities. As cavities often extracted natural gas fields are used. Since it is not certain that the C02 remains permanently trapped underground, the acceptance of CCS is low for the time being. However, it will be inevitable if society continues to rely on fossil fuel power generation and it needs to be burnt C02-neutral (without C02 emission).
  • CO 2 -neutral power generation Another way of CO 2 -neutral power generation is the combustion of biomass or biomass conversion products such as biomass. Biogas, bio-alcohol or biodiesel. Here it is assumed that the C02 released during combustion has previously been absorbed by the plant during photosynthesis and thus removed from the atmosphere.
  • Such a way would be to decompose biomass into 2 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole of CO 2, separating the two gases, sequestering CO 2, and burning the hydrogen to produce energy.
  • hydrogen burns emission-free to form water vapor.
  • the C02 which has deprived the biomass used in the vegetation phase of the atmosphere, stored permanently under the ground and burned the biomass emission-free. In the balance, energy production is linked to the sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
  • An essential part of the present invention is thus the ecological sequestration of
  • Carbon dioxide characterized in that biomass are converted thermally or chemically using water vapor into carbon dioxide and hydrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are separated, then carbon dioxide is stored / sequestrated, while a "climate balance" is generated and the hydrogen is used to generate energy.
  • the biomass includes all biological carbon and hydrogen containing agricultural and forestry raw materials. Examples of raw materials are wheat, maize, grass and wood as well as agricultural and forestry waste. Of course, synthetic organic compounds with the biomass can be converted to hydrogen.
  • the biomass conversion products include all biomass reaction products, such as biomass.
  • biomass Biogas, bio-alcohol or biodiesel as well as fats, oils, sugar, cellulose, waxes.
  • the conversion of biomass or its reaction products in C02 and H2 is preferably carried out under pressure and heat with steam in the so-called. Reformer.
  • the biomass-derived hydrogen can now displace natural gas that has been trapped and expel it from the reservoir. This promotes additional natural gas while freeing up additional storage space for C02. It can also be assumed that in the pores, in which the previously held natural gas is first dissolved out by hydrogen and then replaced by CO 2, the CO 2 is absorbed by the rock and therefore stored at low pressure.
  • the present invention thus further the thermal and chemical conversion of biomass or its reaction products to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, characterized in that in a natural gas deposit initially only the hydrogen is introduced and thus the natural gas is discharged from the deposit, then the C02 sequestered and with the initiated C02, the hydrogen is discharged.
  • a hydrogen / natural gas mixture occurs during the introduction of hydrogen on the delivery side, either the hydrogen can be separated off as described above and returned to the deposit, or the mixture can be sent to the points of consumption via the network or via a specific line. Since, of course, the gases in the deposit do not mix evenly, a fluctuating gas mixture is promoted. Because of the large physical and combustible differences of hydrogen and natural gas, in particular the different calorific value (the calorific value of Ergas is about three times higher than that of hydrogen) must be determined at the point of consumption of the current hydrogen content and the gas metering to the burner are set accordingly. Also, the meter measuring the consumed energy must take into account the hydrogen content. Since this expenditure on equipment is difficult in private households, it is recommended that in this concept of the delivery of natural gas, or natural gas / hydrogen mixture supplied to large consumption points where the corresponding measuring devices can be presented. Examples include: heating plants or gas-fired power plants.
  • the methane can also be discharged there with hydrogen as described above, and then the hydrogen can be replaced by the CO 2 to be stored.
  • Mine gas also usually contains non-combustible gases, which can make combustion inefficient. Here it may be advantageous to deliberately increase the hydrogen content and thus to improve the energy density of the gas mixture.
  • the hydrogen that displaces natural gas is by definition a renewable resource.
  • this also means that the part of the extracted natural gas, which is equivalent to the biomass originally used, becomes a renewable raw material and can be burned CO 2 -neutral to produce energy in gas-fired power plants. This is justified because the hydrogen produced from the biomass, as already mentioned, burns emission-free to water vapor.
  • the emission rights associated with the sequestration can then be transferred to another power plant. In other words, the emission rights or bioactivity of biocarbon dioxide taken from the atmosphere and permanently stored in the soil is transferred to fossil carbon fuels.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is thus a method for propagating the bioenergy which can be achieved with biomass, characterized in that biomass is chemically treated, e.g. using water vapor or thermally converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the carbon dioxide stored is sequestered and the hydrogen used for energy production, further that emission rights associated with the sequestration of the resulting from the combustion / power generation or chemical separation of biomass from biological carbon dioxide are transmitted to the emission of carbon dioxide generated during the combustion of fossil carbon (or that the bio-activity of the stored bio-carbon dioxide is transferred to the carbon of a fossil fuel).
  • the biological carbon dioxide must be determined quantitatively and transferred proportionally to fossil carbon (natural gas).
  • the method according to the invention allows a continuous transition from the source of energy natural gas to hydrogen (or by methane derived from it, s.u.) As an energy source of renewable energies. No new lines, no additional power plants and no additional storage are needed. The process complements the fluctuating wind and solar energies and together they create the ideal energy mix for the energy transition.
  • the hydrogen can also be converted to methane as an energy carrier for better handling
  • Natural gas consists mainly of methane.
  • Reactant of hydrogen offers the sequestered / stored carbon dioxide. Then 4 moles of hydrogen are required according to the following reaction (Rk.l.). It becomes the
  • the hydrogen can also be reacted with the so-called synthesis gas (mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) obtained in the reaction of carbon with water as an intermediate (Rk 2.). Then only 2 moles of hydrogen are needed to produce methane:
  • the synthesis gas is divided in the intermediate stage. One part (about half) is "reacted through” to CO 2 and hydrogen, the other part is converted to methane with the total hydrogen formed according to Rk.2, ie half of the synthesis gas saves the additional carbon monoxide conversion step carbon dioxide.
  • the stored / sequestered carbon dioxide is half constructed on biological and half on fossil carbon.
  • the process according to the invention gives 100% biomefan.
  • the "climate bonus" (the bioactivity) of the biological carbon in the stored carbon dioxide is credited to the fossil carbon in the produced methane (see chapter: “Chemical compounds / mass / volume / energy”).
  • the synthesis gas can also be reacted with hydrogen additionally obtained by water electrolysis from excess electrical energy.
  • Such hydrogen can be generated by water electrolysis eg from wind or solar power.
  • the proportion of the synthesis gas, which is converted to methane increased.
  • the entire synthesis gas can then be converted into methane with hydrogen.
  • the bioenergy in the biomethane thus produced is further increased.
  • a storage power plant can be represented in which carbon is either converted into methane as described in different operating phases, or with excess electrical energy via the water electrolysis more methane (practically twice the amount) is generated.
  • the hydrogen produced from excess electrical energy can also be converted with stored carbon dioxide.
  • the methane produced in this way can be fed into the natural gas grid and so fluctuating wind or solar power can be stabilized, transported and reconverted elsewhere from the stored and transported methane or its natural gas equivalents.
  • the first phase of operation electrical energy is introduced into the power grid.
  • the second phase of operation (excess) electrical energy is taken from the power grid, converted into methane and the methane is introduced into the gas network and stored in the gas network.
  • the system can be used to stabilize the power grid and as energy storage.
  • the bio-carbon dioxide is stored, whose bioactivity is transferred in the second phase of operation on formed methane with fossil carbon.
  • connection of the power plant to the high-voltage network and the transformers can be used both for introducing the energy in the first phase of operation and for current drain of the water electrolysis in the second phase of operation in different directions.
  • the first phase of operation then serves to cover supply holes and demand peaks, the second phase of operation of storage and distribution of excess energy.
  • the conversion of the synthesis gas can take place by
  • the carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas is converted into further hydrogen and carbon dioxide with steam as described above, the carbon dioxide is sequestered and the hydrogen is burnt / emitted.
  • a part (ideally half) of the synthesis gas is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide as before, the carbon dioxide is sequestered and the hydrogen produced converts the other part of the synthesis gas into methane and the methane is burnt / emitted.
  • the direct power generation of the synthesis gas in the power plant during the first phase of operation of the storage power plant is preferred. If, in order to increase the power of the gas-fired power station, methane / natural gas is also emitted, additional carbon dioxide to be stored is created. The same applies to the water vapor formed during methane combustion, which is also condensed (see below).
  • the oxygen formed and stored in the water electrolysis in the second phase of operation can be used instead of the combustion air.
  • the advantage is that no climate-damaging nitrogen oxides are then formed in the absence of atmospheric nitrogen. This applies to all three types of generation of the synthesis gas.
  • the present technology allows to take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere via the photosynthesis of the plants (biomass) and to store / sequester the resulting bio-carbon dioxide in the soil after thermal utilization (combustion) of the bio-carbon from these plants. Now it becomes possible to burn fossil fuels such as coal in the same carbon ratio carbon dioxide neutral in a unitary process together with the biomass (for example wood). That is, the bio-carbon dioxide formed and sequestered in the first phase of operation by combustion of the synthesis gas may, in the second phase of operation, make the equimolar amount of fossil carbon carbon dioxide neutral upon combustion.
  • the "climate lever" according to the invention in the storage of bio-carbon dioxide can already be used in the generation of electricity from the corresponding mixtures of coal and wood.
  • the effect is enhanced when in the energy storage phase (second operating phase) additional hydrogen from excess electrical
  • the methane gas can be emitted on site or introduced into the gas network, thus transporting wind and solar energy via gas pipelines. The increase in bioenergy occurs within the storage power plant.
  • Example clear a composition of 120 t. Wood and 80 tons of coal (carbon content / calorific value.
  • Wood 50% / 4 - 5 KWh, coal: 75% / 7 KWh) is converted by gasification into synthesis gas.
  • Half of the synthesis gas is emitted in the first phase of operation, with about 300,000 KW electrical energy to be obtained (efficiency of coal gas power approximately 50%)
  • the resulting carbon dioxide, which contains half biological and fossil carbon, is stored sequestered.
  • the other half of the synthesis gas is hydrogenated in the second phase of operation with hydrogen obtained from 1 million KW of excess wind power to methane (Rk. 2.), where approximately 130000 cbm.
  • Methane receives, which in turn is also half constructed on biological and fossil carbon.
  • This bio-methane (see above), locally or elsewhere reconverted, results in a gas and steam power plant (efficiency: 60%) about 850000KW green electricity.
  • the efficiency in relation to the excess energy used is then 85% (see chapter "Chemical compounds / mass / volume / energy" in the appendix).
  • C14 can be quantitatively determined by modern methods, eg by mass spectrometry.
  • the direct bio-fraction of both gases is determined.
  • the bioactivity of the sequestered biocarbon dioxide is transferred to fossil methane. Since both methane and carbon dioxide as chemical compounds each contain one carbon atom and both are gases, the bioactivity can be transferred in a ratio of 1: 1.
  • the specific chemistry of the carbon creates the conditions for the propagation of bioenergy according to the invention.
  • the oxygen formed during the electrolysis of water in the amount suitable for the combustion of the synthesis gas can advantageously be used in the combustion of the synthesis gas or of the hydrogen in the power plant instead of the combustion air (Rk.3.u.4).
  • the formation of climate-damaging nitric oxide is excluded.
  • the higher combustion temperature due to the high energy density of oxygen / fuel mixtures can be controlled by adding locally available water vapor or carbon dioxide.
  • a further advantage of this system combination is that aqueous condensate formed during combustion of hydrogen and methane can be separated off, stored and processed for water electrolysis. Likewise, the oxygen formed in the electrolysis of water can be stored and advantageously used in the gas combustion instead of air.
  • the central object of the present invention is the propagation of bio-energy which can be obtained from biomass, characterized in that biomass is converted chemically and / or thermally into bio-carbon dioxide and bio-hydrogen, the bio-carbon dioxide is stored / sequestered and the bio-hydrogen is mixed with a carbon monoxide is methanized and that emission rights or bioactivity associated with the sequestration of bio-carbon dioxide are determined by measurement and are proportionally transferred to fossil carbon.
  • the offsetting of emission rights can also take place internally by processing mixtures of fossil fuels (eg coal) and biomass (eg wood) according to the invention and transferring the emission rights generated by the bio-carbon content in the stored carbon dioxide to the fossil carbon in the produced methane become.
  • fossil fuels eg coal
  • biomass eg wood
  • the proportion of fossil carbon in the processed batch should be more than half.
  • Bioenergy can then be further increased by using additional hydrogen by water electrolysis from excess electrical energy according to the invention.
  • This technique also results in a high efficiency storage power plant capable of delivering or receiving electrical energy in successive phases of operation, and storing and transporting it in the form of methane and reconverting it. Quantitatively, this is the last chapter "chemical compounds / mass / volume / energy”.
  • the present method Compared to the combustion or gasification of biomass (biogas), the present method provides a multiple increase in the yield of bioenergy.
  • Bioenergy is allied with wind and solar energy.
  • the starting materials according to the invention are all variants of the biomass.
  • these are plants which convert carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds and oxygen through chlorophyll. These can grow on land, in the water and in the sea. Preference is given to plants because, in contrast to the zoological biomass, they contain little nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur.
  • raw materials can also be refined for use in accordance with the invention.
  • Ears are threshed and cereals and straw are processed separately.
  • corn The same applies to corn.
  • the refinement can go further and from oilseeds the oil can be pressed and used separately. Or the by-products of oil extraction are used in the invention.
  • biochemical performance products of biomass such as biogas and bioethanol deserve attention. Although both can be easily converted as gases in the reformer to hydrogen and CO 2 and the resulting CO 2 can be sequestered. However, part of the C02 has already been produced during their production from biomass and has been released into the atmosphere. In the case of biogas, one can also separate off methane, feed it into the gas network and then use the same amount of natural gas according to the invention.
  • Particularly economical is the use of whole plants or plant parts, which are then shredded further processed. Here are also to call: agricultural and forestry waste.
  • organic waste products can be included.
  • the economics of the process can be improved by the co-use of high-energy fossil fuels.
  • seasonal supply bottlenecks eg in annual plants can be compensated by such additives.
  • the use of coal together with biomass in this process is more cost-effective than the separate combustion of coal with the technically complex and thermodynamically inefficient subsequent separation of the CO 2 from the flue gases and its subsequent sequestration.
  • the CO 2 can be sequestered directly after separation of hydrogen. When co-processing with coal Hofz and wood-like materials are preferred.
  • the process is two-stage, as demonstrated by the model methane (CH4, biogas):
  • methane reacts with 1 mol of water to 3 moles of hydrogen (H2) and one mole of carbon monoxide (CO).
  • CO reacts with water to form C02 and H2. 4 moles of H2 and 1 mole of CO2 are produced per mole of CH4.
  • the chapters "Synthesis gas / production and use” as well as “Syngas / electricity generation / storage of carbon dioxide” mainly refer to syngas from coal, but also apply to synthesis gas from coal / wood mixtures.
  • sulfur and nitrogen containing gases should be separated.
  • Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are then separated by technically proven methods, e.g. by using the different boiling points. Now the hydrogen can be fed into the energy or heat generation and the C02 can be sequestered. But it can also be separated only hydrogen and all other gases can be sequestered.
  • the separated hydrogen into a natural gas deposit and to discharge the natural gas.
  • the hydrogen may be introduced into a deposit while still producing natural gas, for example, to maintain a desired discharge pressure in the deposit. If necessary, the hydrogen can also be fed directly into the gas network or into a specific natural gas pipeline.
  • gas mixtures then occur during transport and transport, their quality fluctuates because the hydrogen is not distributed uniformly in the reservoir and in the pipeline system and therefore a fluctuating gas mixture is conveyed.
  • this gas mixture either the hydrogen can be separated off by customary processes and returned to a reservoir for further discharge, or the gas mixture is standardized by adding hydrogen or natural gas subsequently as required.
  • the fluctuating gas mixture can be conducted to the consumer, in which case the hydrogen content / calorific value is determined at the point of consumption and the gas metering (and the value determination) must be adapted to the calorific value.
  • Electrolyser and rectifier for converting electrical energy into hydrogen (Rk. 3.)
  • the most important storage is the gas network with hybrid methane as the storage medium. If necessary, then the stored hybrid methane or its equivalent of natural gas in the gas network can be reconverted. This reconversion is preferably carried out in a gas power plant associated with the hybrid storage power plant. The synergies occurring in this combination of plants are described in detail above. The reconversion can also be done at a remote location, in which case the hybrid methane or its equivalents of natural gas are taken from the gas network.
  • the carbon dioxide can also be separated from the flue gases and stored or sequestered. If oxygen from the electrolysis of water is used instead of air during combustion, the carbon dioxide remains as gas after condensation of the water. If the carbon dioxide is also liquefied, the carbon monoxide which is unavoidable during coal combustion remains, which can be returned to the burner and thus does not escape into the environment.
  • a white storage medium is the feedwater for the electrolysis, which is obtained as carbon dioxide from the flue gases of the gas power plant (s).
  • the feedwater can be collected on site, prepared and stored with appropriate capacity in the tank. From remote gas power plants, the condensate collected there would then have to be transported to the hybrid storage power plant in tankers. Condensates from condensing boilers could then also be included in these transports. Collection and storage of the condensate from the natural gas / Hybndgasverbrennung is Therefore, an object of the invention, because with the amount of the dismantling of the hybrid methane from synthesis gas is made possible (EUc 2., 3. and 5.) ⁇
  • the condensate from the combustion of natural gas is also according to the invention for water electrolysis because of its greater purity using condensate from the combustion of coal-derived synthesis gas.
  • the synthesis gas is produced in the first stage of the "Fischer-Tropsch process" from carbon and water vapor at high temperatures (Rk 1.). Depending on the quality of the coal or the carbon compound, it contains as main component carbon monoxide and hydrogen and optionally methane. It is also possible to heat the coal in the absence of air to 1000 ° to 1300 °, to obtain coke, ie purer carbon, which is converted to the synthesis gas. In addition, about 1 to each. Coal approx. 300 cubic meters of flammable gas, a gas mixture with ea.50% hydrogen and 30% methane as main components, which can be fed directly into the gas network or into Rk.2. As another byproduct of the coking coal produced the so-called.
  • the production of the synthesis gas which also includes its purification, a complex, continuously running process in which prohibits a continuous on and off in the changing phases of operation of the storage power plant. It is therefore a particular object of the present invention that the synthesis gas in both operating phases in different uses (in the first phase of operation according to Rk. 3 and in the second phase of operation according to Rk.4.) Is used.
  • the hybrid storage power plant provided a coal power plant, so in the second phase of the synthesis gas syngas can be blown into the focal point of the coal power plant and thus exuded. With an additional gaseous fuel is available for peak demand higher line much faster. This gives you flexibility even with a coal-fired power plant.
  • the reaction of the synthesis gas to hybrid methane (Rk 2.) is carried out in a reaction named after the chemist "Sabatier" in which carbon monoxide is hydrogenated on nickel or iron catalysts with hydrogen to methane.
  • the Ghemisehe reaction is exothermic and can be used thermally in a refinement of the method according to the invention, whereby the efficiency of the reconversion can be further increased.
  • modified -Re Roth-Re
  • Rk Long-chain hydrocarbons can be obtained, which are suitable as fuels for motor vehicles.
  • Synthesis gas means its direct or indirect thermal utilization for the purpose of generating electrical energy.
  • the carbon dioxide formed in the operating phase of the conversion of the synthesis gas can also be stored / sequestrated.
  • the carbon dioxide is separated by pressure liquefaction from the flue gases. If, for combustion, instead of air, the oxygen formed in the electrolysis of water is used, the only gas left after the condensation of water is carbon dioxide, which can be stored directly.
  • the carbon monoxide in addition to its direct vaporization, can be converted with steam into carbon dioxide and further hydrogen. Then the carbon dioxide is stored and subsequently only hydrogen is burned.
  • This hydrogen can also be methanized in the same way as hydrogen obtained from the electrolysis. This is done by reacting the hydrogen either with stored carbon dioxide (Rk 6.) or with synthesis gas / carbon monoxide (Rk 2.). To the latter, the synthesis gas can be divided, with one part reacting as above to hydrogen and carbon dioxide and the other part of the synthesis gas then reacting with hydrogen to form methane (Rk 2.). This produces also in the operating phase of the power generation of the synthesis gas methane, which can alternatively be stored for direct combustion / electricity generation.
  • the synthesis gas can be emitted / burned as such, as hydrogen or as methane.
  • the carbon dioxide can be separated and stored as described.
  • the synthesis gas is obtained from biomass (for example wood) in the process according to the invention
  • biomass for example wood
  • the carbon dioxide which the plants had taken from the atmosphere is stored in the soil in the operating phase of the power generation during sequestration and excess in the operating phase of the storage Energy is generated by biomethane. Detection of the bio-fraction in the gases carbon dioxide and methane
  • the gases formed as end products carbon dioxide and methane are either taxed or financially supported (for example biomethane). It is therefore important, if e.g. changing proportions of wood with coal are gasified according to the invention, the Bio ⁇ share in o.g. To determine gases.
  • the carbon for the hybrid methane is derived from coal.
  • Methane consists of 75% carbon (molecular weight methane: 16, atomic weight carbon: 12).
  • the gas density of methane is 718g / cubic meter. It is calculated that 1 cubic meter of methane contains 539g of carbon. With a carbon content of coal of 65% to 90% (depending on the quality of the coal), 580g to 830g of coal per cubic meter of hybrid methane are needed.
  • Equal balance is obtained if, following Rk. 1. the synthesis gas is divided, half of the CO in the synthesis gas gem. Rk.7 to C02 and additional H2, C02 sequestered and 2 H2 with the remaining half of the synthesis gas acc. Rk.2 reacts to CH4 and H20.
  • the other half of the synthesis gas is converted with 240000 cbm H2, which are obtained in the second phase of operation by water electrolysis from 1 million KW of excess electrical energy like Rk.3 after Rk.2 to 120000 cbm methane. Balance and transmission of bioactivity is as above.
  • about 800,000 KW green electricity will be received.
  • 1.2 million KW (C02-neutral) green electricity will be obtained according to this variant.
  • 120 t of wood separately in the power plant emits only 300,000 to 400,000 kW of green electricity.
  • a feature of this invention is that in the chemical reactions the quantities match exactly.
  • the proportions of the biological and fossil raw materials should therefore be chosen so that sufficient fossil methane is always produced, to which the
  • Bioactivity of stored bio-carbon dioxide can be transmitted.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
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  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

Selon des procédés connus, une biomasse est décomposée en hydrogène et dioxyde de carbone, au lieu d'être soumise directement à une combustion pour produire de l'énergie, sous l'effet de vapeur d'eau par l'intermédiaire d'un mélange de monoxyde de carbone et d'hydrogène (appelé gaz de synthèse) comme stade intermédiaire. Le dioxyde de carbone est stocké/séquestré et l'hydrogène est utilisé pour produire de l'énergie. Le transfert de la bioactivité peut aussi avoir lieu dans le cadre du même processus par décomposition d'un mélange de biomasse et de combustible fossile (p. ex. du bois et du charbon) en dioxyde de carbone et hydrogène. L'hydrogène réagit ensuite avec la moitié du dioxyde de carbone obtenu pour former du méthane et le dioxyde de carbone résiduel est stocké. Le dioxyde de carbone stocké et le méthane formé contiennent pour moitié du carbone biologique et pour moitié du carbone fossile. En transférant la bioactivité du dioxyde de carbone biologique stocké sur le carbone fossile du méthane, on obtient avec un mélange correspondant de bois et de charbon 100 % de biométhane. Là aussi, on peut obtenir jusqu'à 100 % de biométhane à partir de mélanges de bois et de charbon. Par addition de l'hydrogène obtenu à partir de l'énergie électrique excédentaire au dioxyde de carbone biologique, la bioénergie est même quadruplée par rapport à la biomasse utilisée. Pour obtenir un bilan écologique clair avec de tels mélanges, il est important de déterminer quantitativement la part biologique dans les deux produits finaux que sont le dioxyde de carbone stocké et le méthane formé. À cet effet, on utilise p. ex. la méthode du radioacarbone (C14).
EP12798134.8A 2011-09-09 2012-09-04 Séquestration écologique de dioxyde de carbone/augmentation de la quantité de bioénergie pouvant être obtenue à partir d'une biomasse Withdrawn EP2892983A2 (fr)

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DE102011113106A DE102011113106A1 (de) 2011-09-09 2011-09-09 Ökologische Sequestrierung von Kohlendioxid
PCT/DE2012/000883 WO2013034130A2 (fr) 2011-09-09 2012-09-04 Séquestration écologique de dioxyde de carbone/augmentation de la quantité de bioénergie pouvant être obtenue à partir d'une biomasse

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DE102012218955A1 (de) * 2012-10-17 2014-05-15 Rohöl-Aufsuchungs Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Erdgasverdichtung und Verfahren zur Methanherstellung
DE102013219681B4 (de) * 2013-09-30 2017-01-05 Marek Fulde Verfahren und System zur Speicherung von elektrischer Energie
DE102013020511A1 (de) 2013-12-11 2015-06-11 Karl Werner Dietrich Speicherkraftwerk Brennstoffzelle
DE102014225063A1 (de) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kraftwerk
AU2017383560B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2023-05-25 Carbon Engineering Ltd. Method and system for synthesizing fuel from dilute carbon dioxide source
CA2980573C (fr) * 2017-09-28 2019-02-26 Ultra Clean Ecolene Inc. Production de biomethanol
CN110649650A (zh) * 2019-09-06 2020-01-03 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种可再生能源制氢与生物质气化耦合的发电系统及工作方法

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DE102011113106A1 (de) 2013-03-14
WO2013034130A2 (fr) 2013-03-14
WO2013034130A4 (fr) 2013-08-15
DE112012003740A5 (de) 2014-05-22
US20150240716A1 (en) 2015-08-27
WO2013034130A3 (fr) 2013-06-27

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