WO2013191785A1 - Module solaire - Google Patents

Module solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013191785A1
WO2013191785A1 PCT/US2013/034471 US2013034471W WO2013191785A1 WO 2013191785 A1 WO2013191785 A1 WO 2013191785A1 US 2013034471 W US2013034471 W US 2013034471W WO 2013191785 A1 WO2013191785 A1 WO 2013191785A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
light
solar
solar cell
cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/034471
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alfred Jost
Original Assignee
Alfred Jost
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2012/043618 external-priority patent/WO2013003204A2/fr
Application filed by Alfred Jost filed Critical Alfred Jost
Publication of WO2013191785A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013191785A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0549—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising spectrum splitting means, e.g. dichroic mirrors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to solar energy, and more particularly relates to the use of solar panels or modules to generate electricity from light energy.
  • a single-lens solar module which includes at least one solar cell that include a material that converts solar radiation into electrical energy, a glass slab, and a single-layer holographic lens formed directly on the glass slab and separated by a distance from the cells.
  • the lens is adapted to selectively deflect a first light component comprising visible light and excluding non-visible light, and to concentrate and focus the first component of light onto the at least one solar cell.
  • a method for manufacturing a single-layer holographic lens for a single-lens solar module includes the step of roll printing a polymer material directly onto a glass slab in a pattern that forms the single-layer holographic lens.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram representing the manner by which desirable wavelengths of sunlight are focused with high efficiency onto a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram representing the manner by which undesirable wavelengths of sunlight are focused so they do not impinge onto a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram representing the manner by which desirable and undesirable wavelengths of sunlight are respectively focused with high efficiency onto a solar cell, or focused away from a solar cell and reflected away from the solar module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram representing the manner by which some undesirable wavelengths of sunlight are transformed to desirable wavelengths of light, and then the remaining wavelengths of light are focused with high efficiency onto different solar cells according to their wavelengths;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram representing the manner by which desirable wavelengths of sunlight are selectively focused with high efficiency according to their wavelengths onto predetermined selected solar cells according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • a solar panel and a solar module are interchangeable terms, both being defined as a structure that includes a plurality of solar cells, with the wattage produced being directly proportionally related to the number of solar cells included in the solar module.
  • the solar module also includes a frame, strings that connect the solar cells, a back sheet and a glass slab.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a solar module that includes solar cells with which electrical current is produced by the concentration of light using a lens, in close proximity with the solar cells, that includes silicon or another appropriate semiconductor material.
  • the optical lens is a unique holographic element that function as a lens and is adapted to selectively concentrate, deflect, and focus different components of the solar spectrum, each different light component being treated differently according to the wavelengths of light that are included in that light component.
  • the novel holographic deflecting lens and its ability to concentrate, focus, and deflect different wavelengths of light in a predetermined manner enables the use of a minimal amount of silicon and other semiconductor material.
  • a reduction of the amount of required silicon of up to 90%, compared to conventional solar panels, is enabled by the present invention, while at the same time producing high amounts of electrical energy.
  • the efficient use of photovoltaic cells allows for production of conventionally sized solar modules that require significantly less semiconductor material.
  • the new holographic deflecting lens as a means for producing electrical energy from solar radiation, the percentage of the solar radiation that is used to generate electrical energy is greatly improved. Because the lens is able to concentrate, focus, and deflect different light components for different purposes, efficiencies of up to 92%) of all solar radiation being converted to electricity using the solar module of the present invention are realized.
  • the novel holographic deflecting lens makes possible a solar module in which a very small distance is needed between the lens and the silicon or other semiconductor material. This in turn imparts a very small overall module height and cost friendly production. Consequently, compared to traditional solar panels, a significantly reduced cost of constructing and transporting is achieved.
  • the solar modules can be used on the standard single axis tracking system.
  • Concentrator solar modules generally track in two directions, the first direction being daylight, or movement of the sun, and the second direction being the seasonal or summer-winter position of the sun.
  • the solar module of the present invention includes a holographic deflecting lens that adapts to the seasonal or summer-winter variance. Accordingly, only the daylight, or movement of the sun, needs to be tracked to optimize electricity output.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic diagram is used to depict the manner by which desirable wavelengths of sunlight are focused with high efficiency onto a solar cell in a solar module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • a sunlight component 10 of desirable wavelengths i.e. light in the visible wavelengths ranging between about 380 and about 750 nm, preferably between about 500 and about 750 nm, more preferably between 500 and 600 nm, and most preferably between 510 and 580 nm, is bent and deflected when it passes through a holographic deflecting lens 14 that is formed directly on a glass slab 12.
  • the holographic lens 14 has an area of approximately 1 cm 2 .
  • the visible sunlight component 10 passes through the glass slab 12, which supports the lens 14.
  • the lens 14 is formed on the interior side of the glass slab 12 instead of the exterior side. Consequently, the glass slab 12 functions as a cover and protection for the lens 12 in the solar module.
  • the lens 14 is adapted to deflect only the sunlight component 10 in a manner whereby it is concentrated and focused with high efficiency onto a photovoltaic solar cell 16.
  • the solar cell 16 is made of a suitable semiconductor material such as mono- or polycrystalline silicon or silicon with a high purity (at least 99.99999%).
  • the solar cell 16 is part of an array of stripes of the silicon, or other suitable material, with each stripe having a width of 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the solar cell is instead part of an array of square shaped solar cells that are, in terms of space, efficiently distributed in a checkerboard pattern.
  • Each square shaped solar cell can be as small as 5.5 mm x 5.5 mm, or as large as 20 mm x 20 mm, and are preferably between approximately 5.5 mm x 5.5 mm and 10 mm x 10 mm.
  • all of the sunlight, or in another embodiment substantially all (i.e. >99%) of the sunlight, from the first component 10 that passes through the lens 14 is concentrated and focused onto the silicon solar cell 16 and is converted into electrical current.
  • the inherent translucency of even the best quality glass slab and lens material causes some sunlight not to pass through the lens 14, causing a loss of 8 to 10% of the sunlight.
  • the entire sunlight component 10 that does pass through both the glass and lens is converted into electrical current.
  • more than 90% of the sunlight that is not part of the sunlight component 10 is directed away from the solar cell 16.
  • the lens 14 accomplishes the same efficiencies with other sunlight components as just described in relation to the sunlight component 10.
  • FIG. 2 represents the manner by which an undesirable sunlight component 20 is focused so that light having undesirable wavelengths docs not impinge onto the silicon solar cell 16 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Undesirable light in this respect is light having wavelengths outside of the visible spectrum. More preferably, undesirable light in this respect is light having wavelengths greater than 750 nm.
  • the visible sunlight component 10 is bundled and captured by way of deflecting, concentrating, and focusing it on the silicon solar cell 16, the undesirable light component 20 passes through the glass slab 12 and the holographic deflecting lens 14 supported thereon, which is adapted to bend and deflect the undesirable light component 20 away from the cell 16.
  • the deflecting characteristic of the lens 14 causes the undesirable light component 20 to do two things. On one hand, much or most of the light from the undesirable light component 20 passes straight through the structure so it does not impinge on the silicon solar cell 16. On the other hand, a smaller part of the light from the undesirable light component 20 is focused, but the focus is directed to a position away from the cell 16.
  • infrared light is focused between the silicon solar cell 16 and the holographic deflecting lens 14. After reaching their focal point, the infrared light rays form a divergent bundle, with the result that at the board level, on which the silicon solar cell 16 is fixed, the rays are very disperse. Consequently, the undesirable light component 20, including infrared light, is focused away from the silicon photovoltaic cell 16 such that very little if any of the light from the undesirable light component 20 impinge on the cell 16.
  • the undesirable light component 20 may be reflected by way of mirrors adjacent to the cell 16.
  • the infrared light from the undesirable light component 20 is bent and deflected by the holographic deflecting lens 14 in a manner whereby it is focused onto a germanium thermophotovoltaic cell that is part of a system adapted to convert heat differentials to electricity via photons.
  • One or more other cell materials may also be used such as GaAs, CdS, and CdSe instead of or together with Ge.
  • the holographic deflecting lens 14 is uniquely adapted to selectively concentrate, deflect, and focus different components 10, 20 of the solar spectrum.
  • the lens 14 is a hologram that selectively bends each different light component 10, 20 differently according to the wavelengths of light that are included in that light component.
  • the structures that compose the lens 14 are formed and adapted with precision to produce both an angle of deflection and a deflection efficiency that depend on the wavelength of light impinging on the lens 14. This enables the need for a minimal amount of silicon and other solar cell material while producing high amounts of electrical energy.
  • the undesirable light component 20 also includes light that includes wavelengths in the ultraviolet range.
  • the holographic deflecting lens 14 is adapted to treat ultraviolet light having wavelengths below about 380 nm, and preferably including light having wavelengths below about 500 nm, in a somewhat similar manner as the infrared light discussed previously.
  • much or most of the ultraviolet light from the undesirable light component 20 runs straight through the structure so it does not impinge on the silicon solar cell 16.
  • a smaller part of the ultraviolet light from the undesirable light component 20 is focused, but the focus is again directed to a position away from the cell 16.
  • ultraviolet light is focused beyond the silicon solar cell 16 with the result that at the board level, on which the silicon solar cell 16 is fixed, the rays are disperse. Consequently, the undesirable light component 20, including ultraviolet light, is focused away from the silicon photovoltaic cell 16 such that very little if any of the light from the undesirable light component 20 impinge on the cell 16.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic diagram is used to represent the manner by which desirable and undesirable wavelengths of sunlight are respectively focused with high efficiency onto the solar cell 16, or focused away from the solar cell 16 and reflected away from the solar module according to this embodiment.
  • the desirable light 10 is bent and focused onto the solar cell 16.
  • the undesirable light including infrared light (designated by the ⁇ ⁇ — pattern) and the ultraviolet light (designated by the - - pattern) are respectively focused before and after the solar cell 16 in order to avoid impinging on the cell 16.
  • the mirror element 18 includes a mirror coating that is preferably formed adjacent to the cell 16. According to one embodiment, the mirror coating is one layer, or a plurality of layers formed on the same board on which the solar cell 16 is fixed.
  • the mirror element may be formed from any suitable light reflective material such as copper, tin, or tin-plated copper.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram representing the manner by which some undesirable wavelengths of sunlight are transformed to desirable wavelengths of light, and then the remaining wavelengths of light are selectively focused with high efficiency onto different solar cells according to their wavelengths.
  • the visible part of the sunlight spectrum passes through the glass 12 and is bent by the holographic deflecting lens 14. This visible light is focused onto the silicon solar cell 16 in the manner previously explained.
  • thermophotovoltaic cell 22 Also mounted on the same board as the silicon solar cell 16 is a germanium thermophotovoltaic cell 22.
  • One or more other cell materials may also be used such as GaAs, CdS, and CdSe instead of or together with Ge.
  • the invisible light with higher wavelengths above 750 nm, including infrared light is not bent. Rather, the infrared light passes through the glass 12 and the holographic deflecting lens 14 formed thereon and the heat from the higher wavelength light is converted by the germanium (or other suitable material) thermophotovoltaic cell 22 into electrical current. Through the usage of a germanium cell the heat is used instead of being wasted and the efficiency of a solar module, employing the solar cell and the thermophotovolatic cell 22, as a whole is increased.
  • the invisible light with higher wavelengths above 750 nm, including infrared light is deflected so that it is focused on the thermophotovoltaic cell 22.
  • the holographic deflecting lens 14 is adapted to focus the higher wavelength light away not only away from the solar cell 1 6 as depicted in FIGs. 2 and 3, but to also focus such light onto the thermophotovoltaic cell 22 in order to use the solar light to the maximum efficiency.
  • the optimal light wavelength area using a silicon solar cell is from 500 nm to 750 nm.
  • the holographic deflecting lens 14 is structurally adapted to transform light.
  • the shorter wavelengths of sunlight, including ultraviolet light, are transformed into the optimal light wavelength area of 500 nm to 750 nm when passing through the holographic deflecting lens 14.
  • FIG. 5 a schematic diagram represents the manner by which desirable wavelengths of a sunlight component 10 (i.e. sunlight that is preferably substantially limited to the visible range) are selectively focused with high efficiency according to their wavelengths onto predetermined selected solar cells 16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d.
  • a sunlight component 10 i.e. sunlight that is preferably substantially limited to the visible range
  • the sunlight component 10 is, according to one embodiment, limited to sunlight having wavelengths substantially in the visible range
  • the component 10 may also include sunlight that has been transformed from light in the ultraviolet range into visible light as described previously.
  • the visible sunlight component 10 is bundled and captured as the lens 14 deflects, concentrates, and focuses particular predetermined ranges of visible sunlight on specific silicon solar cells 16a- 16d.
  • the holographic lens 14 is adapted to concentrate and focus sunlight and selectively deflect a first set of particular wavelength ranges of the visible sunlight only onto one or more first solar cells, and to selectively deflect a second set of particular wavelength ranges of the visible sunlight only onto one or more second solar cells, and so forth.
  • the solar module according to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 5 has at least one first solar cell 16a, at least one second solar cell 16b, at least one third solar cell 16c, and at least one fourth solar cell 16d.
  • each of the solar cells 16a-16d is made of the same suitable semiconductor material such as mono- or polycrystalline silicon or high purity silicon. Accordingly, each of the solar cells has the same operating wavelength ranges.
  • one or more of the solar cells 16a-16d have different operating wavelength ranges. More particularly, one or more of the solar cells 16a-16d are formed to have specific spectral sensitivity, i.e. by either doping the silicon with specific impurities or by replacing or combining the silicon with other semiconductor material(s).
  • the holographic lens 14 is adapted to deflect and concentrate the sunlight and to focus only a predetermined range of wavelengths corresponding to infrared light (-750 to - 2500 nm, designated by the ⁇ ⁇ — line pattern) onto the at least one first solar cell 16a, further to focus only a predetermined range of wavelengths approximating the red light spectrum (-650 to -750 nm, designated by the line pattern) onto the at least one second solar cell 16b, a predetermined range of wavelengths approximating the yellow/green light spectrum (-550 to -650 nm, designated by continuous lines) onto the at least one third solar cell 16c, and a predetermined range of wavelengths approximating the blue light spectrum (-450 to -550 nm, designated by the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ line pattern) onto the at least one fourth solar cell 16d.
  • the solar cells 16a-16d respectively convert the sunlight of different wavelengths into electrical energy.
  • the cells 16a-16d are connected in series so the energy from each cell may be combined.
  • the overall efficiency of the conversion of sunlight to electrical energy is significantly improved when compared to a system in which each solar cell receives the entire visible spectrum.
  • the glass slab 14 is preferably of a thickness ranging between 0.4 and 0.6 cm. More preferably, the glass slab 14 is about 0.5 cm in thickness.
  • the novel holographic deflecting lens 14 makes possible a solar module in which a very small distance is needed between the lens 14 and any of the silicon cells and thermophotovoltaic cells. This distance d is depicted in FIG. 3, but applies to all embodiments discussed herein. The distance d between the lens 14 and the solar cell
  • thermophotovoltaic cell 16 (and any thermophotovoltaic cell) is no greater than 1.1 cm, and is preferably no greater than 0.5 cm.
  • the distance d ranges between 0.4 cm and 1.1 cm, preferably between 0.4 cm and 1.0 cm, and most preferably between 0.4 cm and 0.7 cm.
  • the holographic deflecting lens 14 is uniquely adapted to selectively concentrate, deflect, and focus different components of the solar spectmm. As also just discussed, the same lens 14 is uniquely adapted to selectively transform some light components from lower wavelength light, including ultraviolet light, into a particular range of visible light wavelengths.
  • the holographic lens 14 is a single-layered system with veiy fine lens structures that are adapted with precision to selectively bend and/or transform each different light component according to the wavelengths of light that are included in that light component. This not only enables the need for a minimal amount of silicon and other solar cell material to produce high amounts of electrical energy, but the single-layered nature of the holographic deflecting lens 14 also imparts simple duplicability to the lens as a whole.
  • Conventional holographic grids are manufactured by repeated steps of coating, exposing, and developing films or foils. The foils are laminated to a holographic foil cluster, and in a conventional system four or more foils are laminated to one foil. This manufacturing method is expensive because it requires a lot of machinery and is extremely slow.
  • the holographic deflecting lens 14 is preferably a printed hologram that is a grid structure, but differs from a holographic grid, which has to be costly exposed with each manufacture as described above. Instead, the deflecting surface release structure of the present invention can be repeatedly duplicated almost any number of times.
  • This new method includes printing the hologram on the glass 12 of the module in a roll-to-roll process.
  • the hologram is preferably printed, and more preferably using a polymer material, in one single printing step.
  • the hologram is a single layer that is printed in one simple rolling print process. It is not necessary to coat, expose and/or develop the foil. Because of the simplicity and the single print rolling step nature of this method, the holographic deflecting lens 14 can be replicated on the inner side of the glass slab 12.
  • the holographic deflecting lens 14 may be made from silicone or a hardened UV- glue.
  • the production of a foil, which has the surface relief on one side, is also possible due to the nature of the lens 14.
  • the foil may also be affixed on the glass 12 or laminated thereon. Accordingly, the glass 12 can function as support material for the holographic deflecting lens 14 and it protects the lens 14 from destructive environmental influences.
  • the solar modules of the present invention treat different sunlight components differently according to the wavelengths of light included in each component.
  • Exemplary solar modules according to one embodiment of the present invention include the holographic deflecting lens 14 that is adapted to bend and concentrate a selected component of visible light having a specific wavelength range, preferably ranging between 500 and 600 nm, and more preferably ranging between 510 and 580 nm, and concentrate that light onto the solar cell 16.
  • the light of any predetermined wavelength range may be concentrated up to 50x.
  • the distance between the lens 14 and the solar cell 16 is most preferably between 0.4 and 0.5 cm.
  • the higher frequency light component including infrared light
  • the solar cell 16 is either reflected away from the solar cell 16 according to one embodiment, or is selectively bent and concentrated onto a thermophotovoltaic cell according to another embodiment, using the same holographic lens 14, no cooling structure needs to be included in the solar module of the present invention.
  • the solar module is a single-lens system in which the only lens that is used is the deflecting holographic lens 14 that is directly fixed on and supported by the glass slab 12. Furthermore, a solar module incorporating such solar cells consists of the single-lens holographic lens 14.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module solaire mono-lentille comprenant des cellules solaires qui convertissent le rayonnement solaire en énergie électrique, une dalle de verre et une lentille holographique monocouche formée directement sur la dalle de verre et séparée des cellules solaires par une certaine distance. La lentille est prévue pour dévier sélectivement une première composante lumineuse comprenant de la lumière visible et excluant toute lumière non visible, et pour concentrer la première composante de lumière sur les cellules solaires.
PCT/US2013/034471 2012-06-21 2013-03-28 Module solaire WO2013191785A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/043618 WO2013003204A2 (fr) 2011-06-25 2012-06-21 Module solaire
USPCT/US2012/043618 2012-06-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013191785A1 true WO2013191785A1 (fr) 2013-12-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2013/034471 WO2013191785A1 (fr) 2012-06-21 2013-03-28 Module solaire

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WO (1) WO2013191785A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1197732A (ja) * 1997-09-22 1999-04-09 Hisao Izumi 多目的熱光分離形集光発電装置
JP2004343022A (ja) * 2003-05-15 2004-12-02 Toshiaki Mihara 太陽光発電方法及び装置
JP2008130801A (ja) * 2006-11-21 2008-06-05 Masataka Murahara 太陽光・熱発電装置
KR20100035860A (ko) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-07 삼성엘이디 주식회사 태양전지 모듈
WO2011074535A1 (fr) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-23 日本電気株式会社 Appareil de production d'énergie solaire

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1197732A (ja) * 1997-09-22 1999-04-09 Hisao Izumi 多目的熱光分離形集光発電装置
JP2004343022A (ja) * 2003-05-15 2004-12-02 Toshiaki Mihara 太陽光発電方法及び装置
JP2008130801A (ja) * 2006-11-21 2008-06-05 Masataka Murahara 太陽光・熱発電装置
KR20100035860A (ko) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-07 삼성엘이디 주식회사 태양전지 모듈
WO2011074535A1 (fr) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-23 日本電気株式会社 Appareil de production d'énergie solaire

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