WO2013190458A1 - Anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly - Google Patents
Anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013190458A1 WO2013190458A1 PCT/IB2013/054984 IB2013054984W WO2013190458A1 WO 2013190458 A1 WO2013190458 A1 WO 2013190458A1 IB 2013054984 W IB2013054984 W IB 2013054984W WO 2013190458 A1 WO2013190458 A1 WO 2013190458A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- backlash
- arrangement
- transmission gear
- gears
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/17—Toothed wheels
- F16H55/18—Special devices for taking up backlash
Definitions
- THIS invention relates to an anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to an anti- backlash arrangement for use with an internal combustion engine for a propeller-driven airplane.
- spur gear which is the simplest type of gear.
- a spur gear consists of a cylinder or disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom. These gears are meshed together when fitted to parallel rotating shafts. The gap between two adjacent teeth is typically wider than required to accommodate a tooth of a meshing gear. This clearance between mating components is referred to as backlash, and also sometimes as lash or play.
- backlash should be zero, but in actual practice some backlash is often allowed, and indeed required, to prevent jamming of gears.
- Backlash may vary due to a number of factors including radial play in the gear bearings, gear shaft eccentricity, variation in centre to centre spacing of the gears and the gear to gear variation typical of inaccurate gear manufacturing processes and tolerances typical to the manufacturing process.
- an anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly including:
- a transmission gear comprising a disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom;
- a backlash gear comprising a disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom; the transmission gear and the backlash gear being of substantially the same dimensions, and being co-axially located adjacent on another;
- the backlash gear is angularly displaceable relative to the transmission gear between an offset position, in which the gears of the backlash gear is at least partially offset relative to the gears of the transmission gear, and an aligned position in which the gears of the backlash gear is at least partially aligned relative to the gears of the transmission gear, with the backlash gear being biased towards the offset position.
- both the transmission gear and the backlash gear are spur gears of the same dimensions and configuration.
- the backlash gear may be biased towards the pre-loaded offset position by way of a resilient spring arrangement.
- the spring arrangement is in the form of at least one flat spring having one end that is located in an at least partially radially directed slot provided in the backlash gear, and an opposite second end that engages a pin that is stationary relative to the transmission gear.
- the pin is provided for the pin to extend from a support disc, which is in turn secured relative to the transmission gear.
- the transmission gear may be a drive gear or a driven gear.
- a propeller rotation unit including the anti-backlash arrangement as described above.
- an engine arrangement including the propeller rotation unit and the anti- backlash arrangement as described above.
- Figure 1 is a side view of an airplane including an anti-backlash arrangement in accordance with the invention
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the anti-backlash arrangement in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of the anti-backlash arrangement of
- Figure 4 is a side view of the anti-backlash arrangement of Figure 2;
- Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the anti-backlash arrangement of Figure 2.
- the invention finds application in the propulsion arrangement of an airplane 10, and in particular a propeHer driven airplane as shown in Figure 1.
- the propeller is driven by way of an internal combustion piston engine 11. Rotation of the crankshaft is transferred to the propeller drive shaft 13 by way of a gear train comprising spur gears, and which forms part of the rotation transfer unit 12 of the airplane.
- the anti-backlash arrangement 15 includes a transmission gear 20, which is well known in the art, and the anti- backlash functionality is achieved by introducing a backlash gear 30 that cooperates with the transmission gear 20 in the manner set out below.
- the transmission gear 20 is in the form of a spur gear which is mounted on, or forms part of, the drive shaft 13 of the rotation transfer unit 12, and comprises a disc 21 from which a plurality of outwardly directed gear teeth 22 extend.
- the design of the transmission gear 20 amounts to the application of standard engineering practice.
- the transmission gear 20 is driven by a complementary gear (not shown) mounted on a drive shaft extending from the engine.
- the transmission gear could just as well be the drive gear that drives another gear.
- the term "transmission * is therefore use to differentiate the backlash gear from the gear that is driven by, or which drives, another gear.
- a backlash gear 30 is located adjacent the transmission gear 20, and is coaxial relative to the transmission gear 20.
- the backlash gear 30 is also in the form of a spur gear having a disc 31 with gear teeth 32 extending therefrom, and both gears have the same profile and outline geometry.
- a number of apertures 34 are provided in the disc of the backlash gear 30, and radially inwardly directed slots 33 extend from the apertures into the disc 31.
- the transmission gear 20 and the backlash gear 30 are operatively linked by way of a biasing arrangement 40, which allows limited angular displacement of the backlash gear 30 relative to the transmission gear 20 between and offset position, in which the gear teeth of the two gears are at least partially offset, and an aligned position, in which the gear teeth of the two gears are at least partially aligned.
- the backlash gear 30 is biased towards the offset position, which is shown in Figures 3 and 4.
- the above functionality is achieved by utilizing a suitable biasing arrangement 40.
- the biasing arrangement 40 includes a plurality connecting means 41 which are secured relative to the transmission gear 20.
- the connecting means 41 are configured to be aligned with the apertures 34 provided in the disc 31 of the backlash gear 30.
- the diameter of the connecting means 41 is however smaller than the diameter of the apertures 34, so as to allow for limited movement of the backlash gear 30 relative to the connecting means 41 and thus the transmission gear 20.
- the connecting means 41 extend into the apertures 34, and in this example are in the form of threaded bolts extending from the transmission gear 20 towards the backlash gear 30. More particularly, the bolts 41 extend through apertures provided in the disc 21 of the transmission gear 20, and also extend through the apertures 34 provided in the backlash gear 30. Standard nuts and washers are then used to secure the transmission gear 20 and the backlash 30 relative to one another.
- Biasing means in the form of springs 43 operatively links the support disc (and hence the transmission gear) with the backlash gear.
- Each spring 43 is in the form of a sheet metal torsion spring having a first end that fits onto the bolt 41 , and a second end that extends into the slot 33.
- the teeth of the backlash gear 30 are operatively ahead of the teeth of the transmission gear 20 when the backlash gear 30 is in the offset position. This means that the teeth of a complementary external drive gear meshing gears will first abut and engage the teeth of the backlash gear 30. The backlash gear 30 will then be displaced, against the bias imparted by the spring 43, towards the aligned position until the teeth of the external drive gear engages the teeth of the transmission gear 20. The backlash gear 20 will therefore absorb at least some of the initial impact, which would otherwise have been exerted onto the transmission gear 30 directly, resulting in high noise, high impact and the adverse effect of reverse loadings. As the gears rotate, the backlash gear 30 moves back to the offset position under the spring bias, and the next meshing sequence commences.
- the net effect of the above is that the thickness of a gear tooth is effectively temporarily widened by the anti-backlash arrangement, and the temporarily widened gear tooth snugly meshes in the space between adjacent teeth of a meshing gear when the gear are brought into mesh, in so doing reducing the backlash.
Abstract
This invention relates to an anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to an anti- backlash arrangement for use with an internal combustion engine for a propeller-driven airplane. The anti-backlash arrangement includes a transmission gear comprising a disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom, and a backlash gear comprising a disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom; the transmission gear and the backlash gear being of substantially the same dimensions, and being co- axially located adjacent on another. The anti-backlash arrangement is characterized in that the backlash gear is angularly displaceable relative to the transmission gear between an offset position, in which the gears of the backlash gear is at least partially offset relative to the gears of the transmission gear, and an aligned position in which the gears of the backlash gear is at least partially aligned relative to the gears of the transmission gear, with the backlash gear being biased towards the offset position.
Description
ANTI-BACKLASH ARRANGEMENT FOR USE WITH A GEAR DRIVE
ASSEMBLY
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
THIS invention relates to an anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to an anti- backlash arrangement for use with an internal combustion engine for a propeller-driven airplane.
Various gear configurations are known in the art, and are used in rotating machines for the transmission of torque. One type of gear is a spur gear, which is the simplest type of gear. A spur gear consists of a cylinder or disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom. These gears are meshed together when fitted to parallel rotating shafts. The gap between two adjacent teeth is typically wider than required to accommodate a tooth of a meshing gear. This clearance between mating components is referred to as backlash, and also sometimes as lash or play.
Theoretically, the backlash should be zero, but in actual practice some backlash is often allowed, and indeed required, to prevent jamming of gears. Backlash may vary due to a number of factors including radial play in the gear bearings, gear shaft eccentricity, variation in centre to centre
spacing of the gears and the gear to gear variation typical of inaccurate gear manufacturing processes and tolerances typical to the manufacturing process.
The extra space associated with the backlash usually leads to significant impact loading of the gear teeth, in addition, load reversals cause inverse forces being imparted on the teeth due to the backlash effect. This loading often causes excessive noise and may result in other gear problems such as gear wear and cracking. Backlash is of particular concern for internal combustion engines, and even more so in the case of internal combustion engines for use in propeller-drive airplanes.
Various methods have been suggested to reduce and eliminate backlash. High precision machining and mounting of gears can for example reduce backlash. However, this approach is usually expensive and still may not adequately address backlash. Backlash is furthermore exacerbated by gear wear. An introduction of one or more scissor gears into the gear train is another approach that has been proposed to reduce backlash. Scissor gears have teeth which adjust in size to occupy the space available between teeth of a mating gear. However backlash accommodation with a scissor gear is often limited when the scissor gear is meshed with two or more gears which have different amounts of backlash.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide an anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly that will, at least partially, alleviate the above disadvantages.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly which will be a useful alternative to existing anti-backlash arrangements.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention there is provided an anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly including:
a transmission gear comprising a disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom;
a backlash gear comprising a disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom; the transmission gear and the backlash gear being of substantially the same dimensions, and being co-axially located adjacent on another;
characterized in that the backlash gear is angularly displaceable relative to the transmission gear between an offset position, in which the gears of the backlash gear is at least partially offset relative to the gears of the transmission gear, and an aligned position in which the gears of the backlash gear is at least partially aligned relative to the gears of the transmission gear, with the backlash gear being biased towards the offset position.
There is provided for both the transmission gear and the backlash gear to be spur gears of the same dimensions and configuration.
The backlash gear may be biased towards the pre-loaded offset position by way of a resilient spring arrangement.
Preferably the spring arrangement is in the form of at least one flat spring having one end that is located in an at least partially radially directed slot provided in the backlash gear, and an opposite second end that engages a pin that is stationary relative to the transmission gear.
There is provided for the pin to extend from the transmission gear.
There is provided for the pin to extend from a support disc, which is in turn secured relative to the transmission gear.
The transmission gear may be a drive gear or a driven gear.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a propeller rotation unit including the anti-backlash arrangement as described above.
According to a still further aspect of the invention there is provided an engine arrangement including the propeller rotation unit and the anti- backlash arrangement as described above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A preferred embodiment of the invention is described by way of a non- limiting example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a side view of an airplane including an anti-backlash arrangement in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the anti-backlash arrangement in accordance with the invention;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the anti-backlash arrangement of
Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a side view of the anti-backlash arrangement of Figure 2;
and
Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the anti-backlash arrangement of Figure 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Referring to the drawings, in which like numerals indicate like features, a non-limiting example of an anti-backlash arrangement in accordance with one embodiment of the invention is indicated by reference numeral 15.
The invention finds application in the propulsion arrangement of an airplane 10, and in particular a propeHer driven airplane as shown in Figure 1. In this example the propeller is driven by way of an internal combustion piston engine 11. Rotation of the crankshaft is transferred to the propeller drive shaft 13 by way of a gear train comprising spur gears, and which forms part of the rotation transfer unit 12 of the airplane.
Referring now to Figures 2 to 5, the anti-backlash arrangement 15 includes a transmission gear 20, which is well known in the art, and the anti- backlash functionality is achieved by introducing a backlash gear 30 that cooperates with the transmission gear 20 in the manner set out below.
The transmission gear 20 is in the form of a spur gear which is mounted on, or forms part of, the drive shaft 13 of the rotation transfer unit 12, and comprises a disc 21 from which a plurality of outwardly directed gear teeth 22 extend. The design of the transmission gear 20 amounts to the application of standard engineering practice. In this example the transmission gear 20 is driven by a complementary gear (not shown) mounted on a drive shaft extending from the engine. However, it would be appreciated that the transmission gear could just as well be the drive gear that drives another gear. The term "transmission* is therefore use to differentiate the backlash gear from the gear that is driven by, or which drives, another gear.
A backlash gear 30 is located adjacent the transmission gear 20, and is coaxial relative to the transmission gear 20. The backlash gear 30 is also in
the form of a spur gear having a disc 31 with gear teeth 32 extending therefrom, and both gears have the same profile and outline geometry. A number of apertures 34 are provided in the disc of the backlash gear 30, and radially inwardly directed slots 33 extend from the apertures into the disc 31.
The transmission gear 20 and the backlash gear 30 are operatively linked by way of a biasing arrangement 40, which allows limited angular displacement of the backlash gear 30 relative to the transmission gear 20 between and offset position, in which the gear teeth of the two gears are at least partially offset, and an aligned position, in which the gear teeth of the two gears are at least partially aligned. The backlash gear 30 is biased towards the offset position, which is shown in Figures 3 and 4.
The above functionality is achieved by utilizing a suitable biasing arrangement 40. The biasing arrangement 40 includes a plurality connecting means 41 which are secured relative to the transmission gear 20. The connecting means 41 are configured to be aligned with the apertures 34 provided in the disc 31 of the backlash gear 30. The diameter of the connecting means 41 is however smaller than the diameter of the apertures 34, so as to allow for limited movement of the backlash gear 30 relative to the connecting means 41 and thus the transmission gear 20. The connecting means 41 extend into the apertures 34, and in this example are in the form of threaded bolts extending from the transmission gear 20 towards the backlash gear 30. More particularly, the bolts 41 extend through apertures provided in the disc 21 of the transmission gear 20, and also extend through the apertures 34 provided in the backlash gear 30. Standard nuts and washers are then used to secure the transmission gear 20 and the backlash 30 relative to one another.
Biasing means in the form of springs 43 operatively links the support disc (and hence the transmission gear) with the backlash gear. Each spring 43
is in the form of a sheet metal torsion spring having a first end that fits onto the bolt 41 , and a second end that extends into the slot 33.
The teeth of the backlash gear 30 are operatively ahead of the teeth of the transmission gear 20 when the backlash gear 30 is in the offset position. This means that the teeth of a complementary external drive gear meshing gears will first abut and engage the teeth of the backlash gear 30. The backlash gear 30 will then be displaced, against the bias imparted by the spring 43, towards the aligned position until the teeth of the external drive gear engages the teeth of the transmission gear 20. The backlash gear 20 will therefore absorb at least some of the initial impact, which would otherwise have been exerted onto the transmission gear 30 directly, resulting in high noise, high impact and the adverse effect of reverse loadings. As the gears rotate, the backlash gear 30 moves back to the offset position under the spring bias, and the next meshing sequence commences.
The net effect of the above is that the thickness of a gear tooth is effectively temporarily widened by the anti-backlash arrangement, and the temporarily widened gear tooth snugly meshes in the space between adjacent teeth of a meshing gear when the gear are brought into mesh, in so doing reducing the backlash.
It will be appreciated that the above is only one embodiment of the invention and that there may be many variations without departing from the spirit and/or the scope of the invention.
Claims
CLAIMS: 1. An anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly including:
a transmission gear comprising a disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom;
a backlash gear comprising a disc with gear teeth projecting radially outwardly therefrom; the transmission gear and the backlash gear profile being of substantially the same dimensions, and being co-axially located adjacent on another;
characterized in that the backlash gear is angularly displaceable relative to the transmission gear between an offset position, in which the gears of the backlash gear is at least partially offset relative to the gears of the transmission gear, and an aligned position in which the gears of the backlash gear is at least partially aligned relative to the gears of the transmission gear, with the backlash gear being biased towards the offset position.
2. The anti-backlash arrangement of claim 1 in which the transmission gear is a drive gear or a driven gear.
3. The anti-backlash arrangement of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the transmission gear and the backlash gear are spur gears of the same dimensions and configuration.
4. The anti-backlash arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the backlash gear is biased towards the pre-loaded offset position by way of a resilient spring arrangement
The anti-backlash arrangement of claim 4 in which the spring arrangement includes an elongate, flat spring having a first planar end, and a second looped end. The anti-backlash arrangement of claim 5 in which the first end is located in an at least partially radially directed slot provided in the backlash gear, and the opposite second end is located in an aperture provided in the backlash gear. The anti-backlash arrangement of claim 6 in which the second end of the spring engages a pin that extends through the aperture provided in the backlash gear, and which is stationary relative to the transmission gear. The anti-backlash arrangement of claim 7 in which the pin extends from the transmission gear into the aperture provided in the backlash gear. The anti-backlash arrangement of claim 8 in which the pin extends from a support disc, which is in turn secured relative to the transmission gear. The anti-backlash arrangement of any one of the preceding claims including a meshing gear that in use meshes with the transmission gear as well as the backlash gear. The anti-backlash arrangement of claim 1 substantially as described with reference to the accompanying figures. A propeller rotation unit including an anti-backlash arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11. An engine arrangement including the propeller rotation unit and the anti-backlash arrangement as claimed in claim 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA201204471 | 2012-06-18 | ||
| ZA2012/04471 | 2012-06-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013190458A1 true WO2013190458A1 (en) | 2013-12-27 |
Family
ID=49029138
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2013/054984 WO2013190458A1 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2013-06-18 | Anti-backlash arrangement for use with a gear drive assembly |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2013190458A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201304689B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110206868A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-09-06 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of gear assembly and engine |
| WO2020076216A1 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2020-04-16 | Scania Cv Ab | Anti anti-backlash gear arrangement and a gear, powertrain and vehicle comprising such an arrangement |
| CN111140641A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-05-12 | 兰州飞行控制有限责任公司 | Backlash eliminating gear for coupling flight control shaft and angle sensor and using method thereof |
| WO2022087555A1 (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-28 | Cummins Inc. | Centrifugal anti-backlash scissor gear |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2896466A (en) * | 1958-02-07 | 1959-07-28 | Continental Motors Corp | Anti-backlash device |
| US3035454A (en) * | 1960-06-01 | 1962-05-22 | Alfred O Luning | Antibacklash gear |
| US3496794A (en) * | 1967-05-16 | 1970-02-24 | Peugeot | Anti-backlash gear mechanism |
| DE102004021405A1 (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2005-07-07 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Steering column module for a motor vehicle has a stationary casing and a collet fitted on rotatable bearings in the casing and linked to a steering spindle in a torque-proof manner |
| US20070215091A1 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-20 | Kwang Yang Motor Co., Ltd. | Noise suppressing mechanism for balance gear of engine crankshaft |
-
2013
- 2013-06-18 WO PCT/IB2013/054984 patent/WO2013190458A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-06-24 ZA ZA2013/04689A patent/ZA201304689B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2896466A (en) * | 1958-02-07 | 1959-07-28 | Continental Motors Corp | Anti-backlash device |
| US3035454A (en) * | 1960-06-01 | 1962-05-22 | Alfred O Luning | Antibacklash gear |
| US3496794A (en) * | 1967-05-16 | 1970-02-24 | Peugeot | Anti-backlash gear mechanism |
| DE102004021405A1 (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2005-07-07 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Steering column module for a motor vehicle has a stationary casing and a collet fitted on rotatable bearings in the casing and linked to a steering spindle in a torque-proof manner |
| US20070215091A1 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-20 | Kwang Yang Motor Co., Ltd. | Noise suppressing mechanism for balance gear of engine crankshaft |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020076216A1 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2020-04-16 | Scania Cv Ab | Anti anti-backlash gear arrangement and a gear, powertrain and vehicle comprising such an arrangement |
| DE112019004402B4 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2022-10-20 | Scania Cv Ab | An anti-backlash transmission assembly, and a transmission, powertrain, and vehicle having such an assembly |
| CN110206868A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-09-06 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of gear assembly and engine |
| CN110206868B (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2024-04-16 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Gear assembly and engine |
| CN111140641A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-05-12 | 兰州飞行控制有限责任公司 | Backlash eliminating gear for coupling flight control shaft and angle sensor and using method thereof |
| WO2022087555A1 (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-28 | Cummins Inc. | Centrifugal anti-backlash scissor gear |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA201304689B (en) | 2017-06-28 |
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