WO2013174149A1 - Lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013174149A1
WO2013174149A1 PCT/CN2013/000605 CN2013000605W WO2013174149A1 WO 2013174149 A1 WO2013174149 A1 WO 2013174149A1 CN 2013000605 W CN2013000605 W CN 2013000605W WO 2013174149 A1 WO2013174149 A1 WO 2013174149A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
negative electrode
electrode layer
lithium ion
ion battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/000605
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄碧英
Original Assignee
龙能科技（苏州）有限公司
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Publication of WO2013174149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013174149A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/434—Ceramics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H01M50/461—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/429—Natural polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44—Fibrous material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a lithium ion battery. Background technique
  • a conventional lithium ion battery includes at least one set of a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer, and the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are connected by a barrier.
  • the electrode composite material of the positive and negative electrode layers is formed by: coating an electrode material on a metal foil by an adhesive and forming it.
  • the disadvantages of this process are: (1) Due to the use of more binder in the coating process. Some electrode materials cannot be fully utilized, and high surface density electrode composites cannot be obtained: (2) Electrode live material and set The bonding force between the fluids is relatively poor, and the electrode peeling phenomenon is liable to occur, resulting in a decrease in mechanical reliability and a limitation in the bending rate of the electrode composite. Correspondingly, it is reflected in the performance of the battery product.
  • the positive/negative electrode active shield is made of a metal foil such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, etc. as a current collector during the cycle.
  • the electrode material is embedded and 1 ⁇ 2 embedded with lithium ions, and there is a volume and shrinkage, such as SiO 2 .
  • the volume change is as high as 400%, and the resulting mechanical stress causes the electrode material to gradually change during the cycle, causing cracking and spalling of the electrode and the current collector, loss of electrical contact between the active materials, increase of internal resistance, and poor performance.
  • the conventional electrode composite material needs to be made relatively thin.
  • the surface density of the electrode material is small.
  • a thick coating and a large number of multi-layer laminate forms are required, and when the coating thickness is large, the processing performance of the electrode is deteriorated.
  • the accumulation of multiple layers in performance also causes an increase in internal resistance of the battery and a decrease in cycle stability.
  • the mutual constraints of the process requirements at different stages of the traditional technology have resulted in the internal F of the battery in the conventional technology. Parameters such as lifetime and energy density and capacity cannot be substantially improved.
  • the mechanical properties of composite electrode materials that are conventionally applied directly to current collector foils are also limited.
  • a lithium ion battery comprising: a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a separator connecting the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, wherein the positive electrode layer includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material, and the negative electrode layer includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode
  • the positive current collector and the negative current collector are porous
  • the porous metal foam is made of aluminum, copper, nickel, silver, gold or stainless steel.
  • the positive electrode material is LiFeP04
  • the negative electrode material is carbon or Li4Ti5012.
  • the positive electrode layer is coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel.
  • the negative electrode layer is also coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel.
  • the positive electrode layer, the separator and the negative electrode layer are also integrally coated. Porous ion conductive polymer glue.
  • the porous ion conductive polymer gel is polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylic acid acrylate or an acrylate based gel polymer.
  • the viscosity of the porous polymer gel is 0. lPa - S ⁇ 10Pa ⁇ S.
  • the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are both sheet-like structures having uniform thicknesses.
  • the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are three-dimensionally meshed by the multi-seepage skeleton of the respective current collectors and the electrode material, so that the utilization ratio of the electrode material can be improved, and a higher electrode surface density and corresponding High energy density and low cost battery;
  • the diaphragm is coated with nano-ceramic material by non-woven fabric, which has low raw material cost, good thermal stability and mechanical properties, and improves the safety performance of lithium ion battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery of the present embodiment. detailed description
  • a lithium ion battery 100 of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode layer 110 and a negative electrode layer 120.
  • the positive electrode layer 110 and the negative electrode layer 120 are connected by a separator 130, wherein the positive electrode layer 10 includes a positive electrode current collector and A positive electrode material, the negative electrode layer comprising a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material.
  • the positive current collector and the negative current collector are both electrically conductive three-dimensional network structures having multiple pores, and the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are filled in the polyporous pores of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector, respectively.
  • the electrically conductive three-dimensional network structure having multiple pores is generally a porous metal foam having a porosity of 20% to 95%, such as aluminum, copper, nickel, silver, gold or alloys thereof, or Stainless steel and other materials.
  • the positive and negative current collecting systems realize the three-dimensional network combination through the multi-porous skeleton and the positive electrode and the negative electrode material, so that the utilization rate of the electrode material can be improved, and a lithium ion battery with higher specific energy density and capacity can be obtained.
  • the positive electrode material is LiFeP04
  • the negative electrode material is carbon or Li4Ti5012.
  • the separator 130 includes a nonwoven fabric and a nanoceramic material coated on the surface of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the electrode composite material of the lithium ion ion-off battery of the present embodiment is usually formed into a sheet having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m to 100 cm to facilitate subsequent measurement, mounting, and further manufacture of different types of batteries.
  • the surface of the positive electrode layer 110 and the negative electrode layer 120 are coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel 140, so that when the electrode is used for manufacturing a battery, not only can the interface be formed with other electrodes to reduce the battery impedance;
  • the porous ionically conductive polymer layer in turn prevents the free medium in the electrode material in the current collector from escaping the current collector.
  • the positive electrode layer 110, the separator 130 and the negative electrode layer 120 are collectively coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel to prevent the escape of the free medium in the electrode material.
  • the porous ion conductive polymer gel is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylic acid acrylate or acrylate-based colloidal polymer mixed with cerium salt such as LiPF6, and a small amount of plasticizing ⁇ 10 ⁇
  • the thickness of the porous ion-conductive polymer adhesive, such as PC, EC, etc., the viscosity is generally 0. lPa ⁇ S ⁇ 10Pa ⁇ S, the thickness is 0. 1 micron ⁇ 10 microns.
  • the embodiment further provides a processing method of the above lithium ion battery 100, the steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Providing a method for manufacturing the porous ion conductive polymer gel 140: dissolving the polymer in a corresponding solvent to form a certain Viscosity of the slurry. Step 2: Providing a method for producing a positive electrode layer: A positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery mixed with a conductive agent is made into an electrode slurry using an adhesive. The above electrode paste is filled into a polyporous foam metal corresponding to a current collector by a doctor blade method. Drying the above positive electrode current collector containing the electrode slurry in an oven Remove its solvent.
  • Step 3 Providing a method for fabricating the negative electrode layer: The specific implementation process is the same as step 2.
  • Step 4 Providing a method for manufacturing the separator: The nano ceramic material slurry is coated on the nonwoven fabric by electrospraying, and then dried to obtain a separator. The surface of the membrane is coated with a layer of porous ion conductive polymer glue.
  • Step 5 Providing a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery:
  • the above positive and negative electrode layers and a separator are sequentially laminated in the order of FIG. 1, and a certain pressure is applied at a certain temperature to make the three contacts more compact.
  • the collector of the electrode slurry has a drying temperature of 100 ° C to 120 ° C and a drying time of 1 to 12 hours.
  • the organic binder is a binder used in a non-aqueous electrolytic battery, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutadiene, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile. , EPDM rubber, Ding Du rubber or polyurethane.
  • the electrically conductive additive may be carbon black, black block, carbon nanotubes, conductive carbon or vapor grown carbon fibers.
  • the electrode material slurry of a lithium ion battery in which a conductive additive is mixed generally uses N-mercaptopyrrolidone as a solvent.
  • a method for preparing the cesium ion battery 100 of the present embodiment will be described below with reference to a specific embodiment. The process steps are as follows: Step 1: Add 7 grams of polymer polyvinylidene fluoride to 180 grams of N-decylpyrrolidone (NMP). It is thoroughly stirred and dissolved to form a colloidal solution.
  • NMP N-decylpyrrolidone
  • Step 2 The preparation procedure of the positive electrode layer is as follows: 7 g of the adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride is added to 180 g of N-decylpyrrolidone (NMP), and stirred sufficiently to dissolve to form a colloidal solution, 140 g. LiFeP04 and 2.8 g of conductive carbon Super_P were thoroughly mixed and added to the above-mentioned colloidal liquid, and stirred into a paste-like positive electrode material slurry by a stirrer. The obtained positive electrode material slurry was filled onto the positive electrode current collector from both sides of 90% of the porous aluminum foam by a doctor blade method.
  • NMP N-decylpyrrolidone
  • the positive electrode current collector containing the positive electrode slurry was placed in an oven at 110 ° C for 4 hours to remove the solvent NMP, thereby obtaining a dry active material mixture of the positive electrode material.
  • a porous ion conductive polymer gel is dip coated on the current collector containing the electrode material, and the positive electrode current collector containing the electrode material is coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel. This was kept in an oven at 100 ° C for 2 hours to remove the solvent to obtain a positive electrode layer.
  • Step 3 The preparation procedure of the negative electrode layer is as follows: 7 g of the adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride is added to 180 g of N-mercaptopyrrolidone (NMP), and it is thoroughly stirred and dissolved to form a colloidal solution, 70 g. Li4Ti03 and 1.4 g of conductive carbon Super-P were thoroughly mixed and added to the above-mentioned colloidal liquid, and stirred with a stirrer to form a paste-like negative electrode slurry. The obtained negative electrode material slurry was squeegeeed from 90 ° /. The porous polyurethane foam is filled on both sides of the current collector.
  • NMP N-mercaptopyrrolidone
  • the current collector containing the electrode slurry was placed in a chamber at 110 ° C for 4 hours to remove the solvent NMP, thereby obtaining a dry active material mixture of the negative electrode material.
  • the dried electrode material is made denser using a calender, and the required thickness is determined by the size of the battery, and is typically about 250 microns in thickness including the current collector.
  • a porous ion conductive polymer gel is dip coated on the anode current collector containing the electrode material, and the anode current collector containing the electrode material is coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel. This was kept in an oven at 100 ° C for 2 hours to remove the solvent to obtain a negative electrode layer.
  • Step 4 Apply the nano ceramic material slurry to the non-woven fabric by electrospraying, such as nano-alumina ceramic material, and then dry to obtain a separator.
  • the surface of the membrane is coated with a layer of porous ion conductive polymer glue.
  • Step 5 Providing a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery: The above positive and negative electrode layers and a separator are sequentially laminated in the order of FIG. 1, and a certain pressure is applied at a certain temperature to make the three contacts more compact.
  • the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment has the following effects mainly after using the above technical solutions:
  • the current collector realizes the three-dimensional network combination through the multi-porous skeleton and the electrode material, thereby improving the utilization of the electrode material and improving the active material per unit area, thereby obtaining a higher electrode surface density and corresponding high energy. Density, which can greatly reduce the number of pole pieces of the battery and the amount of the diaphragm, and the cost of the diaphragm accounts for more than 25% of the cost of the battery, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the entire battery.
  • the electrode layer can be made into a variety of thicknesses of sheet shape, with It has a large battery capacity and good mechanical properties, especially its resistance to bending. Therefore, its thickness can not only meet the requirements of thicker applications in the prior art, but also increase the surface density of the electrode and improve the capacity of the battery. Polar film requirements.
  • the positive and negative layers and the separator are connected by a porous ion conductive polymer glue, which provides an adhesive connection for the subsequent combination of the multilayer electrode layers; and more importantly, it can be in the electrode layer and the isolation layer.
  • a porous ion conductive polymer glue which provides an adhesive connection for the subsequent combination of the multilayer electrode layers; and more importantly, it can be in the electrode layer and the isolation layer.
  • the formation of a bridge promotes the communication and conduction between the electrode material and the isolation layer, which greatly promotes the reduction of the internal resistance of the battery.
  • the porous connecting layer may be provided on each surface of the electrode layer, and the electrode layer is usually in the form of a sheet or a plate.
  • the diaphragm is made of non-woven fabric coated with nano-ceramic materials, effectively utilizing the characteristics of good thermal stability and mechanical properties of nano-ceramic materials, improving the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries, and the nano-scale of nano-ceramic materials has been marketized. , the cost is also low. Therefore, the present embodiment overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional technology, which has high battery characteristics and mechanical characteristics, and is low in cost, and can satisfy the requirements that the battery product can be applied to a wider range of technical fields.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lithium ion battery which comprises a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer and a separator film connected with the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, wherein the positive electrode layer comprises a positive electrode collector and the positive electrode material, the negative electrode layer comprises a negative electrode collector and the negative electrode material; wherein, the separator film includes nonwoven and nano ceramic particles coated on the surface of the nonwoven wherein, the positive electrode collector and the negative electrode collector are porous and conductive tridimensional network structure, and said positive electrode material and the negative electrode material fill in the porous structure of the positive electrode collector and the negative electrode collector respectively. The collectors combine with the electrode material by the porous framework to form the tridimensional network structure, thus, it can improve the utilization ration of the electrode material and the active material on unit area. It can also get a higher intensity of the electrode area and a relevant higher intensity of energy. The number of the electrodes and the consumption of the separator films of the battery are reduced markedly. The cost of the separator film accounts for over 25% in the cost of the battery, therefore, the cost of the battery manufacture is reduced.

Description

锂离子电池 技术领域  Lithium ion battery
本发明涉及电池技术领域， 特别是涉及一种锂离子电池。 背景技术  The present invention relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a lithium ion battery. Background technique
传统的锂离子电池， 其包括至少一组正极层和负极层， 所述正极层和负极 层之间通过隔懊连接。 其中的正、 负极层的电极复合材料的制作工艺是： 通过 粘合剂将电极材料涂覆在金属箔片上并成形获得。 该工艺的缺点是： （1 )由于在 涂覆工艺中使用较多的粘合剂. 造成部分电极材料不能充分利用， 无法获得高 面密度的电极复合材料： （2)电极活姓材料和集流体之间的结合力相对较差， 容 易产生电极剥落现象， 致使其机械可靠性降低， 同时使电极复合材料的弯曲率 受到限制。 相应的体现在电池产品的性能上. 会造成电池产品的电容量降低、 内阻增大、 使用寿命变短、 加工工艺复杂及成本增加， 限制了锂离子电池的广 泛应用。 通常， 正/负电极活性物盾由金属箔如不锈钢、 铝、 铜等作为集流体， 在循 环过程中. 电极材料随着锂离子的嵌入及½嵌,存在体积的^怅与收缩,如 Si02 的体积变化高达 400% , 由此产生的机械应力使电极材料在循环过程中逐渐变 化， 引起电极与集流体的开裂与剥落， 活性物质之间电接触丧失， 内阻增大， 表现出较差的充放电循环性能 而为了避免这个技术问题， 传统的电极复合材 料需要制作的相对较薄. 使电极材料的面密度较小。 然而， 后续的电池组装加工中为了得到相应的容量及能量密度， 则需要采 用较厚的涂层及大量的多片层叠形式， 当涂层厚度较大时， 电极的加工性能变 差， 这种多层的累积在性能上相应的也会造成电池内阻增大和循环稳定性能下 降。 传统技术不同阶段工艺要求的相互制约， 造成了传统技术中的电池的内 F且、 寿命以及能量密度和容量等参数无法得到实质的改善。 另外， 传统技术直接涂 覆于集流体箔片上的复合电极材料的机械性能也受到了限制。 由于较厚涂层的 存在使电极活性材料出现折断现象， 致使其与集流体相互分离。 即使采用传统 技术中较薄的电极复合材料， 在实际的加工和制造工序中也无法实现较小的曲 率变化。 因此电池产品的结构和外形也受到了限制， 特别是对于卷曲型电池。 发明内容 A conventional lithium ion battery includes at least one set of a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer, and the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are connected by a barrier. The electrode composite material of the positive and negative electrode layers is formed by: coating an electrode material on a metal foil by an adhesive and forming it. The disadvantages of this process are: (1) Due to the use of more binder in the coating process. Some electrode materials cannot be fully utilized, and high surface density electrode composites cannot be obtained: (2) Electrode live material and set The bonding force between the fluids is relatively poor, and the electrode peeling phenomenon is liable to occur, resulting in a decrease in mechanical reliability and a limitation in the bending rate of the electrode composite. Correspondingly, it is reflected in the performance of the battery product. It will cause the battery capacity of the battery product to decrease, the internal resistance to increase, the service life to be shorter, the processing technology to be complicated, and the cost to increase, which limits the wide application of the lithium ion battery. Usually, the positive/negative electrode active shield is made of a metal foil such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, etc. as a current collector during the cycle. The electrode material is embedded and 1⁄2 embedded with lithium ions, and there is a volume and shrinkage, such as SiO 2 . The volume change is as high as 400%, and the resulting mechanical stress causes the electrode material to gradually change during the cycle, causing cracking and spalling of the electrode and the current collector, loss of electrical contact between the active materials, increase of internal resistance, and poor performance. In order to avoid this technical problem, the conventional electrode composite material needs to be made relatively thin. The surface density of the electrode material is small. However, in order to obtain the corresponding capacity and energy density in the subsequent battery assembly process, a thick coating and a large number of multi-layer laminate forms are required, and when the coating thickness is large, the processing performance of the electrode is deteriorated. The accumulation of multiple layers in performance also causes an increase in internal resistance of the battery and a decrease in cycle stability. The mutual constraints of the process requirements at different stages of the traditional technology have resulted in the internal F of the battery in the conventional technology. Parameters such as lifetime and energy density and capacity cannot be substantially improved. In addition, the mechanical properties of composite electrode materials that are conventionally applied directly to current collector foils are also limited. Due to the presence of a thicker coating, the electrode active material is broken, causing it to separate from the current collector. Even with the thinner electrode composites of the conventional art, smaller curvature variations cannot be achieved in actual processing and manufacturing processes. Therefore, the structure and appearance of the battery product are also limited, especially for crimped batteries. Summary of the invention
基于此， 有必要提供一种电极材料利用率较高， 并获得较高的电极面密度 及相应的高能量密度及低成本的锂离子电池。  Based on this, it is necessary to provide a lithium ion battery having a high utilization rate of the electrode material and obtaining a high electrode surface density and a corresponding high energy density and low cost.
一种锂离子电池， 其包括： 正极层、 负极层和连接所述正极层及负极层的 隔膜， 其中所述正极层包括正极集流体和正极电极材料， 所述负极层包括负极 集流体和负极电极材料； 其中， 所述隔膜包括无纺布及涂覆在无纺布表面的纳 米陶瓷材料； 其中， 所述正极集流体和负极集流体为具有多渗孔的可电传导的 立体网状结构， 所述正极电极材料和负极电极材料分别填充在正极集流体和负 极集流体的多渗孔内。  A lithium ion battery comprising: a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a separator connecting the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, wherein the positive electrode layer includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material, and the negative electrode layer includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode The electrode material; wherein the separator comprises a non-woven fabric and a nano ceramic material coated on the surface of the non-woven fabric; wherein the cathode current collector and the anode current collector are electrically conductive three-dimensional network structures having multiple pores The positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are filled in the polyporous pores of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector, respectively.
在其中一个实施例中， 所述正极集流体和负极集流体为多渗孔的孔隙率为 In one embodiment, the positive current collector and the negative current collector are porous
20%〜95%的多渗孔金属泡沫。 20% to 95% of multi-porous metal foam.
在其中一个实施例中， 所述多渗孔金属泡沫的材质为铝、 铜、 镍、 银、 金 或者不锈钢。  In one embodiment, the porous metal foam is made of aluminum, copper, nickel, silver, gold or stainless steel.
在其中一个实施例中， 所述正极电极材料为 LiFeP04， 所述负极电极材料为 碳或 Li4Ti5012。  In one embodiment, the positive electrode material is LiFeP04, and the negative electrode material is carbon or Li4Ti5012.
在其中一个实施例中， 所述正极层上包覆有多孔性离子导电聚合物胶。 在其中一个实施例中， 所述负极层上也包覆有多孔性离子导电聚合物胶。 在其中一个实施例中， 所述正极层、 隔膜及负极层组成的整体上也包覆有 多孔性离子导电聚合物胶。 In one embodiment, the positive electrode layer is coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel. In one embodiment, the negative electrode layer is also coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel. In one embodiment, the positive electrode layer, the separator and the negative electrode layer are also integrally coated. Porous ion conductive polymer glue.
在其中一个实施例中， 所述多孔性离子导电聚合物胶为聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚 四氟乙烯， 聚氧乙烯、 聚丙烯酸曱酯或以丙烯酸酯为基础的胶状聚合物。  In one embodiment, the porous ion conductive polymer gel is polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylic acid acrylate or an acrylate based gel polymer.
在其中一个实施例中， 所述多孔性聚合物胶的粘度为 0. lPa - S~10Pa ■ S。 在其中一个实施例中， 所述正极层和负极层均为厚度一致的片状结构。 上述锂离子电池中， 正极层和负极层系通过各自集流体的多渗孔骨架与电 极材料实现立体网状结合， 故能提高电极材料的利用率， 并获得较高的电极面 密度及相应的高能量密度及低成本的电池； 另外， 隔膜采用无纺布涂覆納米陶 瓷材料， 原材料成本低， 且具备良好热稳定性和机械性的特点， 提高了锂离子 电池的安全性能。 附图说明  In one embodiment, the viscosity of the porous polymer gel is 0. lPa - S~10Pa ■ S. In one embodiment, the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are both sheet-like structures having uniform thicknesses. In the above lithium ion battery, the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are three-dimensionally meshed by the multi-seepage skeleton of the respective current collectors and the electrode material, so that the utilization ratio of the electrode material can be improved, and a higher electrode surface density and corresponding High energy density and low cost battery; In addition, the diaphragm is coated with nano-ceramic material by non-woven fabric, which has low raw material cost, good thermal stability and mechanical properties, and improves the safety performance of lithium ion battery. DRAWINGS
图 1为本实施方式的锂离子电池的结构示意图。 具体实施方式  FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery of the present embodiment. detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述， 以使本发明的优点和 特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解， 从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚 明确的界定。 请参考附图 1， 本实施方式的锂离子电池 100包括正极层 110、 负极层 120 , 所述正极层 1 10和负极层 120之间通过隔膜 130连接， 其中正极层 1 10包括正 极集流体和正极电极材料， 所述负极层包括负极集流体和负极电极材料。 正极集流体和负极集流体均为具有多渗孔的可电传导的立体网状结构， 正 极电极材料和负极电极材料分别填充在正极集流体和负极集流体的多渗孔内。 具有多渗孔的可电传导的立体网状结构一般为多渗孔的孔隙率为 20%〜95%的多 渗孔金属泡沫， 如铝、 铜、 镍、 银、 金或者它们的合金， 或者不锈钢等材料。 正极和负极集流体系通过其多渗孔骨架与正极和负极电极材料实现立体网状结 合， 故能提高电极材料的利用率， 并获得较高的比能量密度和容量的锂离子电 池。 正极电极材料为 LiFeP04， 负极电极材料为碳或 Li4Ti5012。 隔膜 130 包括无纺布及涂覆在无纺布表面的纳米陶瓷材料。 利用纳米陶瓷 材料良好热稳定性和机械性的特点， 提高了锂离子电池的安全性能， 同时纳米 陶瓷材料的纳米级已经市场化， 成本也低。 本实施方式的锂离子离了电池的电极复合材料通常制成厚度均勾的片状， 其厚度为 100微米 ~100厘米， 以方便后续的计量、 安装以及对不同类型电池的 进一步制造。 正极层 110和负极层 120的表面上均包覆有多孔性离子导电聚合物胶 140, 使得电极在用于制造电池时， 不但能够与其他电极之间形成无介面接触， 以降 低电池阻抗； 同时多孔性离子导电聚合物胶层又能防止集流体中的电极材料中 的游离介质逸出集流体。 另外， 正极层 110， 隔膜 130和负极层 120组合在一起 后的整体上也包覆有多孔性离子导电聚合物胶， 防止电极材料中的游离介质逸 出。 多孔性离子导电聚合物胶选自聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚四氟乙烯， 聚氧乙烯、 聚 丙烯酸曱酯或以丙烯酸酯为基础的胶状聚合物并混有铿盐如 LiPF6 ,少量增塑剂 如 PC， EC等的多孔性离子导电聚合物胶， 粘度一般为 0. lPa · S~10Pa · S， 厚度 为 0. 1微米 ~10微米。 本实施方式还提供了一种上述锂离子电池 100的加工工艺， 其步骤如下： 步骤 1 : 提供多孔性离子导电聚合物胶 140的制作方法： 将聚合物溶解在相 对应的溶剂内形成具有一定粘度的浆料。 步骤 2: 提供正极层的制作方法： 使用粘合剂将混合有导电剂的理离子电池 的正极电极材料制作成电极浆料。 采用刮浆法， 将上述电极浆料填充入相对应 作集流体的多渗孔泡沫金属之内。 干燥上述含电极浆料的正极集流体， 在烘箱 中去除其溶剂。 采用压延设备压制上述材料至一定厚度。 然后在其上采用浸涂 法浸涂一层上述多孔性离子导电聚合物胶。 将其在烘箱中去除其溶剂， 使含电 极材料的集流体上包覆有一层多孔性离子导电聚合物胶， 得到正极层。 步骤 3 : 提供负极层的制作方法： 具体实施工艺同步骤 2。 步骤 4: 提供隔膜的制作方法： 采用电喷涂法将纳米陶瓷材料浆料涂在无纺 布上， 然后烘干得到隔膜。 并在隔膜表面包覆一层多孔性离子导电聚合物胶。 步骤 5 : 提供锂离子电池的制作方法： 将上述正、 负极层和隔膜按附图 1的 顺序依次层叠， 在一定温度下， 施加一定压力使三者接触更加密实。 上述加工工艺中， 含电极浆料的集流体的千燥温度为 100°C~120°C， 干燥时 间为 1~12小时。 有机粘合剂是用于非水性电解电池中的粘合剂， 例如聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚丁二烯、 羧曱基纤维素钠、 聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚四氟乙烯、 聚丙烯腈、 三元乙丙橡胶、 丁笨橡胶或者聚氨酯。 电传导添加剂可以为碳黑、 乙块黑、 碳 纳米管、 导电碳或气相成长碳纤维。 混合有导电添加剂的锂离子电池的电极材 料浆料的一般使用 N—曱基吡咯烷酮作为溶剂。 下面结合一个具体的实施例， 说明如何制备本实施方式的铿离子电池 100， 其工艺步骤如下： 步骤 1 :将 7克聚合物聚偏二氟乙烯加入到 180克 N—曱基吡咯烷酮 (NMP) 中使其充分搅拌溶解形成胶状溶液。 步骤 2: 正极层的制作程序按以下步骤操作： 将 7克粘合剂聚偏二氟乙烯加 入到 180克 N—曱基吡咯烷酮 (NMP)中使其充分搅拌溶解形成胶状溶液，将 140 克 LiFeP04和 2. 8克导电碳 Super_P充分混合加入到上述胶状液体中， 用搅拌 机搅拌均勾制成膏状的正极材料浆料。 采用刮浆法将得到的正极材料浆料从 90%的多渗孔泡沫铝两侧填充到正极集流体上。将上述含正极电极浆料的正极集 流体放入 110°C烘箱内保温 4小时除去溶剂 NMP , 制得千燥的正极材料活性物 质混合物。 将干燥后的电极材料使用压延器使其更致密， 所需厚度根椐电池尺 寸来定， 一般其厚度包括集流体在内， 大约是 500微米。 在含所述电极材料的 集流体上浸涂一层多孔性离子导电聚合物胶， 使含电极材料的正极集流体上包 覆有一层多孔性离子导电聚合物胶。将其在 100°C烘箱中保温 2小时去除其溶剂 得到正极层。 步骤 3 : 负极层的制作程序按以下步骤操作： 将 7克粘合剂聚偏二氟乙烯加 入到 180克 N—曱基吡咯烷酮 (NMP)中使其充分搅拌溶解形成胶状溶液， 将 70 克 Li4Ti03和 1.4克导电碳 Super— P充分混合加入到上述胶状液体中， 用搅拌 机搅拌均勾制成膏状的负极浆料。 釆用刮浆法将得到的负极材料浆料从 90°/。的 多渗孔泡沫铜两侧填充到集流体上。将上述含电极浆料的集流体放入 110°C供箱 内保温 4小时除去溶剂 NMP, 制得千燥的负极材料活性物质混合物。 将干燥后 的电极材料使用压延器使其更致密， 所需厚度根据电池尺寸来定， 一般其厚度 包括集流体在内， 大约是 250 微米。 在含所述电极材料的负极集流体上浸涂一 层多孔性离子导电聚合物胶， 使含电极材料的负极集流体上包覆有一层多孔性 离子导电聚合物胶。 将其在 100°C烘箱中保温 2小时去除其溶剂， 得到负极层。 步骤 4: 采用电喷涂法将纳米陶瓷材料浆料涂在无纺布上， 如纳米氧化铝陶 瓷材料， 然后烘千得到隔膜。 并在隔膜表面包覆有一层多孔性离子导电聚合物 胶。 步骤 5 : 提供锂离子电池的制作方法： 将上述正、 负极层和隔膜按附图 1的 顺序依次层叠， 在一定温度下施加一定压力使三者接触更加密实。 本实施方式的锂离子电池釆用上述技术方案后， 主要有以下效果： The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the advantages and features of the invention can be more readily understood by those skilled in the art. Referring to FIG. 1, a lithium ion battery 100 of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode layer 110 and a negative electrode layer 120. The positive electrode layer 110 and the negative electrode layer 120 are connected by a separator 130, wherein the positive electrode layer 10 includes a positive electrode current collector and A positive electrode material, the negative electrode layer comprising a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material. The positive current collector and the negative current collector are both electrically conductive three-dimensional network structures having multiple pores, and the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are filled in the polyporous pores of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector, respectively. The electrically conductive three-dimensional network structure having multiple pores is generally a porous metal foam having a porosity of 20% to 95%, such as aluminum, copper, nickel, silver, gold or alloys thereof, or Stainless steel and other materials. The positive and negative current collecting systems realize the three-dimensional network combination through the multi-porous skeleton and the positive electrode and the negative electrode material, so that the utilization rate of the electrode material can be improved, and a lithium ion battery with higher specific energy density and capacity can be obtained. The positive electrode material is LiFeP04, and the negative electrode material is carbon or Li4Ti5012. The separator 130 includes a nonwoven fabric and a nanoceramic material coated on the surface of the nonwoven fabric. Utilizing the good thermal stability and mechanical properties of nano-ceramic materials, the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries is improved, and the nano-scale of nano-ceramic materials has been marketed and the cost is low. The electrode composite material of the lithium ion ion-off battery of the present embodiment is usually formed into a sheet having a thickness of 100 μm to 100 cm to facilitate subsequent measurement, mounting, and further manufacture of different types of batteries. The surface of the positive electrode layer 110 and the negative electrode layer 120 are coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel 140, so that when the electrode is used for manufacturing a battery, not only can the interface be formed with other electrodes to reduce the battery impedance; The porous ionically conductive polymer layer in turn prevents the free medium in the electrode material in the current collector from escaping the current collector. In addition, the positive electrode layer 110, the separator 130 and the negative electrode layer 120 are collectively coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel to prevent the escape of the free medium in the electrode material. The porous ion conductive polymer gel is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylic acid acrylate or acrylate-based colloidal polymer mixed with cerium salt such as LiPF6, and a small amount of plasticizing微米至10微米。 The thickness of the porous ion-conductive polymer adhesive, such as PC, EC, etc., the viscosity is generally 0. lPa · S ~ 10Pa · S, the thickness is 0. 1 micron ~ 10 microns. The embodiment further provides a processing method of the above lithium ion battery 100, the steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Providing a method for manufacturing the porous ion conductive polymer gel 140: dissolving the polymer in a corresponding solvent to form a certain Viscosity of the slurry. Step 2: Providing a method for producing a positive electrode layer: A positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery mixed with a conductive agent is made into an electrode slurry using an adhesive. The above electrode paste is filled into a polyporous foam metal corresponding to a current collector by a doctor blade method. Drying the above positive electrode current collector containing the electrode slurry in an oven Remove its solvent. The above materials are pressed to a certain thickness by a calendering apparatus. Then, a layer of the above porous ion conductive polymer paste was dip coated thereon by dip coating. The solvent is removed in an oven, and the current collector of the electrode material is coated with a layer of porous ion conductive polymer gel to obtain a positive electrode layer. Step 3: Providing a method for fabricating the negative electrode layer: The specific implementation process is the same as step 2. Step 4: Providing a method for manufacturing the separator: The nano ceramic material slurry is coated on the nonwoven fabric by electrospraying, and then dried to obtain a separator. The surface of the membrane is coated with a layer of porous ion conductive polymer glue. Step 5: Providing a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery: The above positive and negative electrode layers and a separator are sequentially laminated in the order of FIG. 1, and a certain pressure is applied at a certain temperature to make the three contacts more compact. In the above processing, the collector of the electrode slurry has a drying temperature of 100 ° C to 120 ° C and a drying time of 1 to 12 hours. The organic binder is a binder used in a non-aqueous electrolytic battery, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutadiene, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile. , EPDM rubber, Ding Du rubber or polyurethane. The electrically conductive additive may be carbon black, black block, carbon nanotubes, conductive carbon or vapor grown carbon fibers. The electrode material slurry of a lithium ion battery in which a conductive additive is mixed generally uses N-mercaptopyrrolidone as a solvent. A method for preparing the cesium ion battery 100 of the present embodiment will be described below with reference to a specific embodiment. The process steps are as follows: Step 1: Add 7 grams of polymer polyvinylidene fluoride to 180 grams of N-decylpyrrolidone (NMP). It is thoroughly stirred and dissolved to form a colloidal solution. Step 2: The preparation procedure of the positive electrode layer is as follows: 7 g of the adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride is added to 180 g of N-decylpyrrolidone (NMP), and stirred sufficiently to dissolve to form a colloidal solution, 140 g. LiFeP04 and 2.8 g of conductive carbon Super_P were thoroughly mixed and added to the above-mentioned colloidal liquid, and stirred into a paste-like positive electrode material slurry by a stirrer. The obtained positive electrode material slurry was filled onto the positive electrode current collector from both sides of 90% of the porous aluminum foam by a doctor blade method. The positive electrode current collector containing the positive electrode slurry was placed in an oven at 110 ° C for 4 hours to remove the solvent NMP, thereby obtaining a dry active material mixture of the positive electrode material. Use the calender to make the electrode material after drying to be denser. Instinct, generally its thickness, including the current collector, is about 500 microns. A porous ion conductive polymer gel is dip coated on the current collector containing the electrode material, and the positive electrode current collector containing the electrode material is coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel. This was kept in an oven at 100 ° C for 2 hours to remove the solvent to obtain a positive electrode layer. Step 3: The preparation procedure of the negative electrode layer is as follows: 7 g of the adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride is added to 180 g of N-mercaptopyrrolidone (NMP), and it is thoroughly stirred and dissolved to form a colloidal solution, 70 g. Li4Ti03 and 1.4 g of conductive carbon Super-P were thoroughly mixed and added to the above-mentioned colloidal liquid, and stirred with a stirrer to form a paste-like negative electrode slurry. The obtained negative electrode material slurry was squeegeeed from 90 ° /. The porous polyurethane foam is filled on both sides of the current collector. The current collector containing the electrode slurry was placed in a chamber at 110 ° C for 4 hours to remove the solvent NMP, thereby obtaining a dry active material mixture of the negative electrode material. The dried electrode material is made denser using a calender, and the required thickness is determined by the size of the battery, and is typically about 250 microns in thickness including the current collector. A porous ion conductive polymer gel is dip coated on the anode current collector containing the electrode material, and the anode current collector containing the electrode material is coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel. This was kept in an oven at 100 ° C for 2 hours to remove the solvent to obtain a negative electrode layer. Step 4: Apply the nano ceramic material slurry to the non-woven fabric by electrospraying, such as nano-alumina ceramic material, and then dry to obtain a separator. The surface of the membrane is coated with a layer of porous ion conductive polymer glue. Step 5: Providing a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery: The above positive and negative electrode layers and a separator are sequentially laminated in the order of FIG. 1, and a certain pressure is applied at a certain temperature to make the three contacts more compact. The lithium ion battery of the present embodiment has the following effects mainly after using the above technical solutions:
(1)集流体通过其多渗孔骨架与电极材料实现立体网状结合， 故能提高电极 材料的利用率， 提高了单位面积的活性物质， 从而获得较高的电极面密度及相 应的高能量密度， 这样可以大大减少电池的极片数量以及隔膜的用量， 而隔膜 的成本在电池成本中占到了 25%以上， 从而降低了整个电池的制造成本。 (1) The current collector realizes the three-dimensional network combination through the multi-porous skeleton and the electrode material, thereby improving the utilization of the electrode material and improving the active material per unit area, thereby obtaining a higher electrode surface density and corresponding high energy. Density, which can greatly reduce the number of pole pieces of the battery and the amount of the diaphragm, and the cost of the diaphragm accounts for more than 25% of the cost of the battery, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the entire battery.
( 2)采用压铸工艺技术， 制得的电极层可以被制成多种厚度的片材形状， 具 有较大的电池容量、 同时具备较好的机械性能， 特别是抗弯曲的特性， 因此其 厚度不仅可以满足现有技术中较厚应用场合的要求， 提高电极面密度， 并能提 高容量电池的极片要求。 (2) using the die-casting process technology, the electrode layer can be made into a variety of thicknesses of sheet shape, with It has a large battery capacity and good mechanical properties, especially its resistance to bending. Therefore, its thickness can not only meet the requirements of thicker applications in the prior art, but also increase the surface density of the electrode and improve the capacity of the battery. Polar film requirements.
( 3)正、 负极层和隔膜通过多孔性离子导电聚合物胶连接， 为后续的多层电 极层的组合提供了粘合连接的作用； 同时更重要的是其能够在电极层和隔离层 之间形成桥梁， 促进电极材料同隔离层之间的沟通和导电， 极大的促进了电池 内阻的降低。 另外， 该多孔的连接层还可以被设置在电极层的各个表面， 通常 电极层为片形或板形。 通过将电极层的包裹可以使得由上述方法制成的电极层 得到了良好的保护， 保持电极材料能够始终被限制固定在金属基体上， 同时该 多孔连接层也提供了一种防渗透层的作用， 防止电极材料中的游离介质的流失。 (3) The positive and negative layers and the separator are connected by a porous ion conductive polymer glue, which provides an adhesive connection for the subsequent combination of the multilayer electrode layers; and more importantly, it can be in the electrode layer and the isolation layer. The formation of a bridge promotes the communication and conduction between the electrode material and the isolation layer, which greatly promotes the reduction of the internal resistance of the battery. Further, the porous connecting layer may be provided on each surface of the electrode layer, and the electrode layer is usually in the form of a sheet or a plate. By encapsulating the electrode layer, the electrode layer made by the above method can be well protected, and the electrode material can be always fixed to the metal substrate, and the porous connecting layer also provides a function of the anti-permeation layer. , to prevent the loss of free media in the electrode material.
(4) 隔膜采用无纺布涂覆纳米陶瓷材料的做法， 有效利用纳米陶瓷材料良 好热稳定性和机械性的特点， 提高了锂离子电池的安全性能， 同时纳米陶瓷材 料的纳米级已经市场化， 成本也低。 因此， 本实施方式克服了传统技术的缺陷， 其具有较高的电池特性和机械 特性， 且成本低， 能满足电池产品能够应用到更加广泛的技术领域的要求。 以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式， 其描述较为具体和详细， 但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。 应当指出的是， 对于本领域 的普通技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下， 还可以做出若干变形和 改进， 这些都属于本发明的保护范围。 因此， 本发明专利的保护范围应以所附 权利要求为准。 以上所述仅为本发明的实施例， 并非因此限制本发明的专利范围， 凡是利 用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换， 或直接或间接运 用在其他相关的技术领域， 均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。 (4) The diaphragm is made of non-woven fabric coated with nano-ceramic materials, effectively utilizing the characteristics of good thermal stability and mechanical properties of nano-ceramic materials, improving the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries, and the nano-scale of nano-ceramic materials has been marketized. , the cost is also low. Therefore, the present embodiment overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional technology, which has high battery characteristics and mechanical characteristics, and is low in cost, and can satisfy the requirements that the battery product can be applied to a wider range of technical fields. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a number of variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims. The above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and the equivalent structure or equivalent process transformations made by the specification and the drawings of the present invention may be directly or indirectly applied to other related technologies. The scope of the invention is included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

权 利 8要 求 书 Claim of rights 8
1.一种锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 包括： 正极层、 负极层和连接所述正极层 及负极层的隔膜， 其中所述正极层包括正极集流体和正极电极材料， 所述 负极层包括负极集流体和负极电极材料； 其中， 所述隔膜包括无纺布及涂 覆在无纺布表面的纳米陶瓷材料； 其中， 所述正极集流体和负极集流体为 具有多渗孔的可电传导的立体网状结构， 所述正极电极材料和负极电极材 料分别填充在正极集流体和负极集流体的多渗孔内。  A lithium ion battery, comprising: a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a separator connecting the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, wherein the positive electrode layer includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material, and the negative electrode layer includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material; wherein the separator comprises a non-woven fabric and a nano ceramic material coated on the surface of the non-woven fabric; wherein the positive current collector and the negative current collector are electrically conductive with multi-perforation The three-dimensional network structure, the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are filled in the polyporous pores of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector, respectively.
2.根据权利要求 1所述的锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 所述正极集流体和负极 集流体为多渗孔的孔隙率为 20%〜95%的多渗孔金属泡沫。  The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the cathode current collector and the anode current collector are polyporous metal foams having a porosity of 20% to 95%.
3.根据权利要求 2所述的锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 所述多渗孔金属泡沫的 材质为铝、 铜、 镍、 银、 金或者不锈钢。  The lithium ion battery according to claim 2, wherein the porous metal foam is made of aluminum, copper, nickel, silver, gold or stainless steel.
4.根据权利要求 1 所述的锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 所述正极电极材料为 LiFeP04, 所述负极电极材料为碳或 Li4Ti5012。  The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode material is LiFeP04, and the negative electrode material is carbon or Li4Ti5012.
5.根据权利要求 1所述的锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 所述正极层上包覆有多 孔性离子导电聚合物胶。  The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode layer is coated with a porous ion conductive polymer paste.
6.根据权利要求 5所述的锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 所述负极层上也包覆有 多孔性离子导电聚合物胶。  The lithium ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the negative electrode layer is also coated with a porous ion conductive polymer paste.
7.根据权利要求 6所述的锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 所述正极层、 隔膜及负 极层组成的整体上也包覆有多孔性离子导电聚合物胶。  The lithium ion battery according to claim 6, wherein the positive electrode layer, the separator and the negative electrode layer are entirely coated with a porous ion conductive polymer gel.
8.根据权利要求 7所述的锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 所述多孔性离子导电聚 合物胶为聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚四氟乙烯， 聚氧乙烯、 聚丙烯酸曱酯或以丙烯 酸酯为基础的胶状聚合物。  The lithium ion battery according to claim 7, wherein the porous ion conductive polymer gel is polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylic acid acrylate or acrylate. Based on a gelatinous polymer.
9.根据权利要求 8所述的锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 所述多孔性聚合物胶的 粘度为 0. IPa■ S~10Pa · S。 The lithium ion battery according to claim 8, wherein the porous polymer gel The viscosity is 0. IPa ■ S~10Pa · S.
10.根据权利要求 1所述的锂离子电池， 其特征在于， 所述正极层和负极层 均为厚度一致的片状结构。 The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer have a sheet-like structure having a uniform thickness.
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