CN113764829A - Composite electrode sheet body and lithium battery - Google Patents

Composite electrode sheet body and lithium battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113764829A
CN113764829A CN202111002770.6A CN202111002770A CN113764829A CN 113764829 A CN113764829 A CN 113764829A CN 202111002770 A CN202111002770 A CN 202111002770A CN 113764829 A CN113764829 A CN 113764829A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
conductive
conductive framework
pole piece
framework
diaphragm
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Pending
Application number
CN202111002770.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
田奎
邹浒
何志佳
王清辉
朱威
肖良
曹昊楠
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Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
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Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111002770.6A priority Critical patent/CN113764829A/en
Publication of CN113764829A publication Critical patent/CN113764829A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72Grids
    • H01M4/74Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A composite pole piece body and a lithium battery are provided, the composite pole piece body comprises: a diaphragm; a first conductive framework compounded on one side surface of the diaphragm; a second conductive skeleton compounded on the other side surface of the diaphragm; the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework are provided with hollows, the first conductive framework is loaded with a first active substance layer, the second conductive framework is loaded with a second active substance layer, and the polarities of the first active substance layer and the second active substance layer are opposite. The invention compounds the conductive framework for loading active substances on the surfaces of both sides of the diaphragm, cancels the current collector in the conventional pole piece structure, realizes an ultrathin structure, can improve the operability of folding, bending and the like of the pole piece through the conductive framework, can increase the adhesion degree of the active substances, the diaphragm and the conductive framework by compositely bonding the conductive framework on the diaphragm, ensures that the whole composite pole piece body is more tightly bonded, does not generate relative displacement of the position of the active substances, and can improve the flexible bending characteristic of the battery.

Description

Composite electrode sheet body and lithium battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a flexible ultrathin lithium battery and a pole piece used by the same.
Background
In recent years, with the widespread use of wearable electronic devices such as smart bands, smart clothing, OLEDs, flexible phones, and AR/VR, users and device manufacturers have made higher demands for the operability of batteries used therein. Compared with the conventional battery, the battery used on the wearable electronic device requires better flexibility, winding, folding and other operability, so that the flexible ultrathin battery becomes one of the popular research directions in the field of the lithium battery at present, and the development of a novel battery system and a novel battery structure to improve the flexible ultrathin characteristic of the battery is a problem to be solved urgently in the industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel composite electrode sheet body and a lithium battery using the same, which can reduce the thickness of the battery, improve the operability of the battery and improve the flexibility and the electrochemical performance of the battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a composite pole piece body comprising: a diaphragm; a first conductive framework compounded on one side surface of the diaphragm; a second conductive framework compounded on the other side surface of the diaphragm; the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework are provided with hollows, the first conductive framework is loaded with a first active substance layer, the second conductive framework is loaded with a second active substance layer, and the polarities of the first active substance layer and the second active substance layer are opposite.
Furthermore, the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework are net-shaped frameworks, the first active substance layer is filled in the hollow part and the surface of the first conductive framework, and the second active substance layer is filled in the hollow part and the surface of the second conductive framework.
Further, the thickness of the first active material layer is not more than the height of the first conductive skeleton, and the thickness of the second active material layer is not more than the height of the second conductive skeleton.
As an optional embodiment of the composite electrode sheet body, the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework are compositely bonded on the surface of the diaphragm through a conductive adhesive coated on the surface of the diaphragm, and the thickness of the conductive adhesive is 0.1-0.5 μm.
As an optional embodiment of the composite electrode sheet body of the present invention, the first conductive skeleton and the second conductive skeleton are made of graphene, carbon nanotubes, conductive rubber fibers, conductive plastic fibers, or conductive fiber fabrics.
As an optional embodiment of the composite electrode sheet body of the present invention, the first conductive skeleton and the second conductive skeleton are made of copper, aluminum, silver, or an alloy thereof.
Furthermore, the tensile strength of the first conductive framework and the tensile strength of the second conductive framework are 20-100 Mpa, and the thermal shrinkage rate is 0.1-0.5%.
Further, the height of the first conductive framework and the height of the second conductive framework are 1-100 um.
Further, the porosity of the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework is 50-95%.
Further, the stripping force between the diaphragm and the first conductive framework and the stripping force between the diaphragm and the second conductive framework are 0.01-0.8 Kg/N.
The invention also provides a lithium battery which comprises the composite pole piece bodies, and a diaphragm is arranged between every two adjacent composite pole piece bodies.
According to the technical scheme, the conductive frameworks for loading the active substances are compounded on the surfaces of the two sides of the diaphragm, so that a current collector in a conventional pole piece structure is omitted, the thickness of the battery is greatly reduced to realize the ultrathin characteristic of the battery, the operability of folding, bending and the like of the pole piece can be improved through the conductive frameworks, the conductive frameworks are compounded and bonded on the diaphragm, the adhesion degree of the active substances, the diaphragm and the conductive frameworks can be increased, the whole composite pole piece body is bonded more tightly, the positions of the active substances cannot generate relative displacement, the flexible ultrathin battery is prepared, the bending and folding of the battery can be realized, the internal resistance of the battery can be reduced, in addition, the loading capacity of the active substances is improved by using the conductive frameworks, and the effects of improving the multiplying power performance and the energy density performance of the battery can be realized. The composite pole piece body adopts an integrated structure of the diaphragm, the conductive framework and the positive and negative active substances, so that the subsequent battery manufacturing process can be simplified, and the production efficiency can be improved.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole piece body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a pole piece body according to an embodiment of the invention.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the invention, the drawings showing the structure of the device are not to scale but are partly enlarged, and the schematic drawings are only examples, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings are designed in a simplified form and are not to scale, but rather are to be construed in an attempt to more clearly and concisely illustrate embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the composite electrode sheet of the present invention includes a separator 1, a first conductive skeleton 2, a second conductive skeleton 3, a first active material layer 4, and a second active material layer 5. The first conductive framework 2 and the second conductive framework 3 are respectively compounded on the surfaces of two sides of the diaphragm 1, and the stripping force between the diaphragm and the conductive frameworks is 0.01-0.8 Kg/N. The first conductive framework 2 and the second conductive framework 3 are of plane or three-dimensional mesh framework structures and have conductivity, and the conductive frameworks can be compounded on the surface of the diaphragm 1 through conductive adhesive 6. A plurality of hollow-out parts a are formed on the first conductive framework 2 and the second conductive framework 3, and the hollow-out parts a can be in regular shapes such as square, circle, triangle and rhombus, and can also be in irregular shapes. The polarities of the first active material layer 4 and the second active material layer 5 are opposite to each other, and the active material layers are filled and combined on the conductive frameworks on both sides of the separator 1 by spraying, soaking and the like, thereby forming a composite electrode sheet body in which the separator, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are integrated.
The active material in the first active material layer 4 (positive electrode) of the present invention may be lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, lithium nickel manganese cobaltate aluminate, lithium nickel cobaltate, lithium manganese rich, or the like. The active material in the second active material layer 5 (negative electrode) may be lithium titanate, lithium powder, aluminum powder, metal oxide, artificial graphite, natural graphite, silicon alloy, sulfur alloy, silicon carbon, or the like. The active substance, the conductive agent and the binder are mixed to prepare slurry, and then the slurry is coated and filled on the conductive framework. The active substance layer is filled in the hollow part of the conductive framework and on the surface of the conductive framework, the thickness (height) of the active substance layer is preferably not more than the height of the conductive framework, and the active substance layer can be flush with the height of the conductive framework. When the active substance layer is higher than conductive framework, the pole piece body is at the in-process of buckling, and the active substance layer surpasss conductive framework's part can extrude mutually with conductive framework's top and produce the shearing force to probably lead to active substance to drop, arouse battery safety risk.
The material of the conductive framework can be graphene, carbon nano tubes, or metals such as copper, aluminum, silver and the like and alloys thereof, and can also be non-metallic conductive materials such as conductive rubber fibers, conductive plastic fibers, conductive fiber fabrics and the like. The height of the conductive skeleton can be 1-100 μm, and the porosity can be 50-95%. Meanwhile, in order to meet the folding performance of the battery, the tensile strength of the conductive framework is 20-100 Mpa, and the thermal shrinkage rate is 0.1-0.5%. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conductive skeleton may be prepared by a 3D printing or screen printing technique, and then compounded on the surface of the diaphragm through a conductive adhesive, or directly printed on the surface of the diaphragm after the conductive adhesive is coated on the surface of the diaphragm. The conductive framework can be bonded together through the conductive adhesive and the diaphragm in a composite mode, so that the bonding strength between the conductive framework and the diaphragm is effectively improved, and the problem that the conductive framework is separated from the diaphragm and the safety of an electric core is caused in the bending and folding process under the condition that the conductive adhesive is not used is avoided. The thickness of the conductive adhesive (layer) can be 0.1-0.5 μm.
The conductive framework of the invention is used as a carrier of the positive active material and the negative active material, replaces a pole piece current collector in a conventional pole piece structure, and can reduce the total thickness of the pole piece due to the elimination of the pole piece current collector, thereby not only realizing an ultrathin structure, but also being directly compounded on the diaphragm, being tightly bonded, and the active materials can not generate relative displacement when being bent and folded, thereby realizing the flexible folding characteristic of the battery. In addition, more active materials and electrolyte can be stored in the hollow-out (pore structure) and the surface of the conductive framework, the improvement of the loading capacity of the active materials is favorable for the improvement of the energy density of the battery, the consumption of the electrolyte in the battery circulation process can be supplemented by the stored electrolyte, and the improvement of the battery circulation performance is favorable. The reticular conductive framework can also shorten the transmission path of electrons and increase the contact area of the active substance and the conductive framework, thereby realizing the improvement of the rate capability of the battery and the reduction of the internal resistance of the battery.
The following describes the preparation methods of the composite electrode sheet and the lithium battery according to the present invention with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Step one, preparing a composite conductive framework; in this embodiment, the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework have the same structure, are made of carbon nanotubes, have a porosity of 50%, a height of 60 μm, a tensile strength of 30Mpa and a thermal shrinkage rate of 0.2%, are made of polypropylene, are coated with a layer of conductive adhesive on each of the two side surfaces of the diaphragm, are bonded and compounded on one side surface of the diaphragm, and are bonded and compounded on the other side surface of the diaphragm to form a composite conductive framework composed of the diaphragm and the conductive framework, and the composite conductive framework can bear positive and negative active substances;
step two, preparing a composite pole piece body; respectively preparing positive electrode slurry and negative electrode slurry, wherein the positive electrode slurry and the negative electrode slurry are respectively prepared from the following components: preparing positive electrode slurry with the solid content of 75% by using lithium cobaltate (positive electrode active substance), polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) and acetylene black (conductive agent) according to the proportion of 97% to 2% to 1%; preparing graphite (cathode active substance), polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) and acetylene black (conductive agent) into cathode slurry with the solid content of 45 percent according to the proportion of 96 percent to 2 percent; coating and filling the positive electrode slurry on the first conductive framework in a squeezing and spraying manner to form a first active material layer, and coating the negative electrode slurry on the second conductive framework in a squeezing and spraying manner to form a second active material layer; active substance is filled into the pores and surface of the mesh-shaped conductive skeleton, and the prepared composite electrode sheet body has total thickness of 200 μm and surface density of 180mg/cm2
Thirdly, rolling the composite pole piece body, wherein the compaction density is 1-20 g/cm, then cutting the composite pole piece body according to the size required by the battery, and welding a tab on the composite pole piece body, wherein the tab can be welded in an ultrasonic welding or laser welding mode;
step four, alternately stacking the composite pole piece bodies and the diaphragms (namely, the adjacent composite pole piece bodies are separated by the diaphragms), manufacturing the battery cell in a winding or lamination mode, and packaging the battery cell by using an aluminum plastic film; in the embodiment, the battery core is manufactured in a winding mode;
step five: and (3) putting the packaged battery into a drying oven for vacuum drying at the temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 3-24 h, and then injecting electrolyte into a vacuum glove box with the moisture content less than 20ppm to finish the battery manufacturing. The electrolyte can be conventional or functional electrolyte with low temperature, high multiplying power, etc. according to the use requirement.
Examples 2 to 8
Examples 2 to 8 differ from example 1 in the porosity of the conductive skeleton, the porosities of the conductive skeletons of examples 2 to 8 being: 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 40% and 45%.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: comparative example 1 copper foil and aluminum foil were used as current collectors of the negative plate and the positive plate, respectively, the negative slurry was coated on the copper foil, the positive slurry was coated on the aluminum foil, and then the positive plate, the separator, and the negative plate were made into a cell together, and the total thickness of the positive plate + the separator + the negative plate was 160 μm.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from comparative example 1 in that: the total thickness of the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate is 200 mu m.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from comparative example 1 in that: the total thickness of the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate is 240 μm.
The cells prepared in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 were subjected to electrochemical performance tests, and the test results are shown in table 1. Wherein, the calculation mode of the 5C rate performance is as follows: battery 5C discharge capacity/battery 0.2C discharge capacity ═ battery 5C discharge rate, the energy density calculation mode was: cell plateau voltage 0.2C capacity/cell volume is the cell energy density. The method of bending test is as follows: and (3) fixing the two ends of the battery by using ceramic clamps, then carrying out reverse reciprocating movement on the ceramic clamps to drive the battery to bend, wherein the reciprocating movement distance of the ceramic clamps is half of the total length of the battery, and after bending for 200 times, measuring the voltage drop of the battery.
TABLE 1
Total thickness of pole piece Porosity of conductive skeleton 5C rate capability Pressure drop after bending test for 200 times Energy density
Comparative example 1 160μm / 78% 270mV 460Wh/L
Comparative example 2 200μm / 70% 300mV 500Wh/L
Comparative example 3 240μm / 67% 380mV 560Wh/L
Example 1 200μm 50% 83% 60mV 600Wh/L
Example 2 200μm 60% 85% 55mV 630Wh/L
Example 3 200μm 70% 87% 50mV 660Wh/L
Example 4 200μm 80% 88% 48mV 690Wh/L
Example 5 200μm 90% 89% 45mV 720Wh/L
Example 6 200μm 95% 90% 44mV 750Wh/L
Example 7 200μm 40% 71% 75mV 500Wh/L
Example 8 200μm 45% 75% 70mV 540Wh/L
From the test results, compared with the battery adopting the conventional foil as the pole piece current collector, the electrochemical performances such as the multiplying power performance, the energy density and the like of the battery are improved compared with the battery adopting the conventional battery structure and different pole piece body thicknesses, and the reason is that the composite pole piece body adopts the conductive framework as the supporting body of the active substance, and the conductive framework can replace the conventional foil current collector to reduce the thickness, can also bear more active substances and improve the loading capacity of the active substance, so that the energy density of the battery is improved, meanwhile, the hollow structure of the conductive framework can shorten the transmission path of electrons, reduce the internal resistance of the battery, and further improve the multiplying power performance of the battery. And as can be seen from table 1, when the porosity of the conductive framework (with the same height) is lower than 50%, although the bending test result is good, the energy density and rate performance of the battery cell are not obviously improved, and the production value is not achieved. In addition, in the structure of the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate in the conventional battery, the combination of the positive plate, the diaphragm and the diaphragm is not tight, and a gap exists between the pole plate and the diaphragm, so that relative displacement can occur between the positive plate and the negative plate and the diaphragm in the folding process, and relative friction can occur between the diaphragm and the pole plate when the battery is bent and the diaphragm at the friction position can be thinned to generate micropores, so that lithium ions can pass through the battery more easily, the voltage drop of the battery is large, and the internal resistance of the battery is increased.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A composite pole piece body, comprising:
a diaphragm;
a first conductive framework compounded on one side surface of the diaphragm;
a second conductive framework compounded on the other side surface of the diaphragm;
the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework are provided with hollows, the first conductive framework is loaded with a first active substance layer, the second conductive framework is loaded with a second active substance layer, and the polarities of the first active substance layer and the second active substance layer are opposite.
2. The composite pole piece body of claim 1, wherein: the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework are mesh frameworks, the first active substance layer is filled in the hollow part and the surface of the first conductive framework, and the second active substance layer is filled in the hollow part and the surface of the second conductive framework.
3. The composite pole piece body of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the thickness of the first active material layer is not more than the height of the first conductive framework, and the thickness of the second active material layer is not more than the height of the second conductive framework.
4. The composite pole piece body of claim 1, wherein: the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework are compositely bonded on the surface of the diaphragm through conductive adhesive, and the thickness of the conductive adhesive is 0.1-0.5 mu m.
5. The composite pole piece body of claim 1, wherein: the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework are made of graphene, carbon nano tubes, conductive rubber fibers, conductive plastic fibers or conductive fiber fabrics; or the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework are made of copper, aluminum, silver or an alloy thereof.
6. The composite pole piece body of claim 1, wherein: the tensile strength of the first conductive framework and the tensile strength of the second conductive framework are 20-100 Mpa, and the thermal shrinkage rate is 0.1-0.5%.
7. The composite pole piece body of claim 1, wherein: the height of the first conductive framework and the height of the second conductive framework are 1-100 um.
8. The composite pole piece body of claim 1, wherein: the porosity of the first conductive framework and the second conductive framework is 50-95%.
9. The composite pole piece body of claim 1, wherein: the stripping force between the diaphragm and the first conductive framework and the stripping force between the diaphragm and the second conductive framework are 0.01-0.8 Kg/N.
10. Lithium cell, its characterized in that: the composite pole piece body of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a separator is disposed between adjacent composite pole piece bodies.
CN202111002770.6A 2021-08-30 2021-08-30 Composite electrode sheet body and lithium battery Pending CN113764829A (en)

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Citations (7)

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CN103035925A (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-10 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 Lithium-ion power battery, lithium-ion power battery current collecting body, negative electrode pole piece
US20140147747A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2014-05-29 The Board Of Trustee Of The University Of Illinois Three-Dimensional (3D) Porous Electrode Architecture for a Microbattery
CN104205445A (en) * 2012-03-22 2014-12-10 住友电气工业株式会社 Metal three-dimensional, mesh-like porous body for collectors, electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
CN104332590A (en) * 2014-08-29 2015-02-04 南京中储新能源有限公司 Sulfur-base composite positive electrode based on carbon nanotube arrays, preparation method and application thereof
CN204179149U (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-02-25 南京中储新能源有限公司 Anode of secondary battery pole piece and secondary aluminium cell
CN109980234A (en) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-05 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Composite current collector and composite pole piece and electrochemical appliance comprising it

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140147747A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2014-05-29 The Board Of Trustee Of The University Of Illinois Three-Dimensional (3D) Porous Electrode Architecture for a Microbattery
CN103035925A (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-10 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 Lithium-ion power battery, lithium-ion power battery current collecting body, negative electrode pole piece
CN104205445A (en) * 2012-03-22 2014-12-10 住友电气工业株式会社 Metal three-dimensional, mesh-like porous body for collectors, electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
CN102683740A (en) * 2012-05-21 2012-09-19 龙能科技(苏州)有限公司 Lithium ion battery
CN104332590A (en) * 2014-08-29 2015-02-04 南京中储新能源有限公司 Sulfur-base composite positive electrode based on carbon nanotube arrays, preparation method and application thereof
CN204179149U (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-02-25 南京中储新能源有限公司 Anode of secondary battery pole piece and secondary aluminium cell
CN109980234A (en) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-05 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Composite current collector and composite pole piece and electrochemical appliance comprising it

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