WO2013174029A1 - 液晶面板及其液晶配向方法 - Google Patents

液晶面板及其液晶配向方法 Download PDF

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WO2013174029A1
WO2013174029A1 PCT/CN2012/076258 CN2012076258W WO2013174029A1 WO 2013174029 A1 WO2013174029 A1 WO 2013174029A1 CN 2012076258 W CN2012076258 W CN 2012076258W WO 2013174029 A1 WO2013174029 A1 WO 2013174029A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
electric field
frequency alternating
alternating electric
alignment film
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PCT/CN2012/076258
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马小龙
黄宏基
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深圳市华星光电技术有限公司
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Priority to US13/521,738 priority Critical patent/US20130314656A1/en
Publication of WO2013174029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013174029A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133707—Structures for producing distorted electric fields, e.g. bumps, protrusions, recesses, slits in pixel electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
    • G02F1/133761—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle with different pretilt angles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of liquid crystal display technology, and in particular, to a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal alignment method thereof.
  • the liquid crystal panel includes a TFT array substrate and a color filter substrate (color filter) Substrate, the array substrate and the color filter substrate have transparent electrodes on opposite inner surfaces thereof, and the liquid crystal is filled between the array substrate and the color filter substrate.
  • the liquid crystal panel controls the orientation of the liquid crystal by applying an electric field to the transparent electrode to change the polarization state of the light, and then the light is penetrated and blocked by the polarizing plate, thereby achieving the purpose of display.
  • liquid crystal panels mainly have a twisted nematic (Twist Nematic, TN), Vertical Alignment (VA), In-Plane Conversion (In Panel Display mode such as Switching, IPS).
  • IPS In-Plane Conversion
  • the IPS display mode has been widely used in liquid crystal panels because of its high contrast and fast response.
  • Liquid crystal panels using the IPS display mode require initial alignment of the liquid crystal during fabrication.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystal is performed by a rubbing alignment method in which the alignment film disposed on the surface of the array substrate and the color filter substrate is rubbed by a rubbing roller with fluff to form the same on the alignment film.
  • the pretilt angle of the direction causes the liquid crystal molecules to be obliquely arranged at a pretilt angle in the same direction, and has a uniform optical rotation.
  • the frictional alignment causes particle contamination of the alignment film, resulting in a decrease in product yield; and the friction alignment method also generates static electricity, which damages the transistor and causes defects in the liquid crystal panel.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal alignment method thereof, so as to avoid contamination and defects caused by the rubbing alignment method on the liquid crystal panel.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment method, comprising: providing a first substrate, and forming a first alignment film on a surface of the first substrate; providing a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and Forming a common electrode and a pixel electrode disposed at intervals on the surface of the second substrate; and a second alignment film covering the common electrode and the pixel electrode; filling the liquid crystal composition between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, the liquid crystal composition including a reaction monomer and a liquid crystal molecule, wherein the liquid crystal molecule exhibits a negative liquid crystal characteristic in a high-frequency alternating electric field, and a long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule is aligned perpendicular to a direction of a high-frequency alternating electric field; a long-axis direction of the reaction monomer is perpendicular to a high-frequency alternating current The electric field direction is arranged, and the reactive monomer forms a liquid crystal alignment polymer deposited on the surface of the first alignment film
  • the pretilt angle is 0 to 5 degrees.
  • the frequency of the high frequency alternating electric field is greater than or equal to 1000 Hz.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment method, comprising: providing a first substrate, and forming a first alignment film on a surface of the first substrate; providing a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and Forming a common electrode and a pixel electrode disposed at intervals on the surface of the second substrate; and a second alignment film covering the common electrode and the pixel electrode; filling the liquid crystal composition between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, the liquid crystal composition including Reactive monomer and liquid crystal molecules; applying a high-frequency alternating electric field to the pixel electrode and the common electrode, so that the reactive monomer and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned at a pretilt angle perpendicular to the direction of the high-frequency alternating electric field; continuing to apply a high-frequency alternating electric field and utilizing ultraviolet light Irradiation is performed to cause a polymerization reaction of the reactive monomer to be deposited on the surfaces of the first alignment film and the second alignment film, thereby fixing the pretilt angle to align the
  • the liquid crystal molecules exhibit negative liquid crystal characteristics in a high-frequency alternating electric field, and the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the high-frequency alternating electric field.
  • the long axis direction of the reactive monomer is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the high frequency alternating electric field, and the reactive monomer forms a liquid crystal alignment deposited on the surface of the first alignment film and the second alignment film after being irradiated by ultraviolet light in a high frequency alternating electric field. polymer.
  • the pretilt angle is 0 to 5 degrees.
  • the frequency of the high frequency alternating electric field is greater than or equal to 1000 Hz.
  • the present invention further provides a liquid crystal panel, comprising: a first substrate, a first alignment film is disposed on a surface of the first substrate; and a first surface is disposed on a surface of the first substrate opposite to the second substrate An alignment film; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; a common electrode and a pixel electrode are disposed on the surface of the second substrate, and the second alignment film is covered on the common electrode and the pixel electrode; and disposed on the first alignment film and Liquid crystal molecules between the second alignment films.
  • the surfaces of the first alignment film and the second alignment film have a liquid crystal alignment polymer to align liquid crystal molecules such that the liquid crystal molecules are arranged at a pretilt angle when no driving voltage is applied.
  • the driving voltage is provided by a low-frequency alternating electric field
  • the liquid crystal molecules exhibit positive liquid crystal characteristics in a low-frequency alternating electric field, and the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is aligned parallel to the direction of the low-frequency alternating electric field.
  • the frequency of the low frequency alternating electric field is less than or equal to 240 Hz.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a high-frequency alternating electric field, and the liquid crystal molecules exhibit negative liquid crystal characteristics in a high-frequency alternating electric field, and the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the high-frequency alternating electric field.
  • the frequency of the high frequency alternating electric field is greater than or equal to 1000 Hz.
  • the liquid crystal alignment polymer is formed by irradiating the reactive monomer with ultraviolet light in a high frequency alternating electric field.
  • the long-axis direction of the reactive monomer is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the high-frequency alternating electric field.
  • the pretilt angle is 0 to 5 degrees.
  • the liquid crystal panel and the liquid crystal alignment method thereof of the present invention align the reactive monomer and the liquid crystal molecules at a pretilt angle by a high-frequency alternating electric field, and then fix the pretilt angle by ultraviolet light irradiation, thereby realizing alignment of liquid crystal molecules. . Since the friction alignment method is not used, the liquid crystal panel is not contaminated, and defects such as electrostatic damage and light leakage are not generated.
  • the alignment method of the present invention is more convenient for precise control of the pretilt angle, which can achieve better dark state display and faster response, and improve liquid crystal panel contrast and response speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a liquid crystal alignment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a high frequency alternating electric field applied to a liquid crystal panel in an alignment process according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention irradiated with ultraviolet light during alignment;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention after completion of alignment
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of the liquid crystal panel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the liquid crystal alignment method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 providing a first substrate and forming a first alignment film on the surface of the first substrate.
  • Step S2 providing a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and forming a common electrode and a pixel electrode disposed at intervals on the surface of the second substrate, and a second alignment film covering the common electrode and the pixel electrode.
  • Step S3 filling a liquid crystal composition between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, the liquid crystal composition including a reaction monomer and liquid crystal molecules.
  • Step S4 applying a high-frequency alternating electric field to the pixel electrode and the common electrode such that the reactive monomer and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned at a pretilt angle perpendicular to the direction of the high-frequency alternating electric field.
  • Step S5 continuing to apply a high-frequency alternating electric field and irradiating with ultraviolet light to cause a polymerization reaction of the reactive monomer to be deposited on the surfaces of the first alignment film and the second alignment film, thereby fixing the pretilt angle to perform liquid crystal molecules. Orientation.
  • liquid crystal alignment method will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the structural schematic diagram of the liquid crystal panel of the present invention in the forward, alignment, and alignment directions.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first substrate 10 forward, first, the first substrate 10 is provided, and the first alignment film 101 is formed on the surface of the first substrate 10.
  • the first substrate 10 is a color filter substrate.
  • a second substrate 20 disposed opposite to the first substrate 10 is provided, and a common electrode 202 and a pixel electrode 203 and a second alignment film covering the common electrode 202 and the pixel electrode 203 are formed on the surface of the second substrate 20 201.
  • the second substrate 20 is an array substrate.
  • the common electrode 202 and the pixel electrode 203 may be made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), ZnO (Atomic Layer Deposition Growth Zinc Oxide), or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), and have both light transmissivity and conductivity.
  • the liquid crystal composition 30 is filled between the first alignment film 101 and the second alignment film 201, and the liquid crystal composition 30 includes liquid crystal molecules 301 and a reactive monomer 302.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 301 have a property of being oriented in a specific direction by applying a certain voltage, and this property is called dielectric anisotropy (dielectric) Anisotropy), the value of dielectric anisotropy has positive and negative points, and the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal molecules 301 changes with the frequency of the driving electric field.
  • dielectric anisotropy dielectric anisotropy
  • a property in which the dielectric anisotropy is negative is referred to as a negative liquid crystal property
  • a property in which the dielectric anisotropy is positive is referred to as a positive liquid crystal property.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 301 have dual frequency characteristics, specifically:
  • the liquid crystal molecules 301 exhibit negative liquid crystal characteristics in a high-frequency alternating electric field, and the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 301 is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the high-frequency alternating electric field; meanwhile, the liquid crystal molecules 301 exhibit positive liquid crystal characteristics in a low-frequency alternating electric field, and the liquid crystal molecules 301 The long axis direction is aligned parallel to the direction of the low frequency alternating electric field.
  • the reactive monomer 302 should have a negative liquid crystal property at least in a high-frequency alternating electric field, that is, the long-axis direction of the reactive monomer 302 is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the high-frequency alternating electric field.
  • the reactive monomer 302 may also be a monomer having a dual frequency characteristic, that is, in a high frequency alternating electric field, the long axis direction of the reactive monomer 302 is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the high frequency alternating electric field; The long axis direction of the reactive monomer 302 is aligned parallel to the direction of the low frequency alternating electric field.
  • the reactive monomer 302 may be an acrylate resin (Acrylate) Resin) monomer molecule, Methacrylate Resin monomer molecule, vinyl resin (Vinyl Resin) monomer molecule, vinyloxy resin (Vinyloxy Resin) monomer molecule or epoxy resin (Epoxy Resin) monomer molecule.
  • the reactive monomer 302 can cause a polymerization reaction to deposit on the surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate to guide the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 301 and to generate a pretilt angle with the substrate, as described in detail below.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a high frequency alternating electric field applied to a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention during alignment.
  • a high-frequency alternating electric field E is applied to the common electrode 202 and the pixel electrode 203 such that the reactive monomer 302 and the liquid crystal molecules 301 are aligned at a pretilt angle ⁇ perpendicular to the direction of the high-frequency alternating electric field E.
  • the frequency of the high-frequency alternating electric field E is greater than or equal to 1000 Hz. In other alternative embodiments, those skilled in the art can set the frequency of the high frequency alternating electric field E according to actual conditions.
  • the driving voltage in combination with the operation of the liquid crystal panel is generally characterized by a low-frequency alternating electric field. Therefore, in the present invention, the alignment voltage of the liquid crystal molecules 301 when aligned is provided by a high-frequency alternating electric field, and the liquid crystal panel The driving voltage for driving the liquid crystal molecules 301 during operation is supplied by a low frequency alternating electric field.
  • the reactive monomer 302 and the liquid crystal molecule 301 exhibit negative liquid crystal characteristics.
  • the long-axis direction of the reactive monomer 302 and the liquid crystal molecules 301 is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the high-frequency alternating electric field E. Therefore, the reactive monomers 302 are arranged at a pretilt angle ⁇ near the surfaces of the first alignment film 101 and the second alignment film 201.
  • the pretilt angle ⁇ is an angle between the reactive monomer 302 and the first substrate 10 or the second substrate 20, specifically, the angle between the long axis direction of the reactive monomer 302 and the surfaces of the first alignment film 101 and the second alignment film 201.
  • the pretilt angle ⁇ is preferably 0 to 5 degrees.
  • liquid crystal molecules 301 Due to the presence of van der Waals force between liquid crystal molecules 301 and reactive monomer 302 (Van der waals) Force), under the action of van der Waals force, the liquid crystal molecules 301 are also arranged at a pretilt angle ⁇ .
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing that the liquid crystal panel of the embodiment of the present invention utilizes ultraviolet light during the alignment process (ultraviolet). Light, UV) Schematic diagram of the irradiation.
  • the high-frequency alternating electric field E is continuously applied and irradiated with the ultraviolet light 40.
  • the ultraviolet light 40 is irradiated from one side of the first substrate 10, and when the ultraviolet light 40 is irradiated, the reactive monomer 302 is polymerized, and the ultraviolet light in a certain wavelength range can sufficiently react the reactive monomer 302, and The liquid crystal molecules 301 are damaged.
  • the reaction monomer 302 is irradiated with ultraviolet light 40 in the high-frequency alternating electric field E to form a liquid crystal alignment polymer 31 (shown in FIG. 5) deposited on the surfaces of the first alignment film 101 and the second alignment film 201 to guide
  • the liquid crystal molecules 301 are arranged and a pretilt angle ⁇ is generated between the substrates.
  • ultraviolet light alignment method The process in which the reactive monomer 302 is cured by ultraviolet light irradiation is called ultraviolet light alignment method, which is referred to as light alignment.
  • the light alignment illuminates the alignment film with ultraviolet light of anisotropic energy, and the reaction monomer is polymerized and solidified and deposited on the alignment film, and the photopolymerization of the molecular structure of the reaction monomer on the surface of the alignment film is uneven.
  • the conversion or cleavage reaction forms a liquid crystal alignment polymer, resulting in an anisotropic distribution of van der Waals forces on the surface of the alignment film, thereby inducing alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the reactive monomer 302 close to the surfaces of the first alignment film 101 and the second alignment film 201
  • the pretilt angle ⁇ is arranged, so that the pretilt angle ⁇ is maintained by the action of the high-frequency alternating electric field E during solidification deposition, and the pretilt angle ⁇ is fixed after the liquid crystal alignment polymer 31 is formed, due to the effect of van der Waals force
  • the pretilt angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal molecules 301 is also fixed, thereby completing the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 301.
  • the pretilt angle ⁇ can be precisely controlled, thereby achieving a better quality dark state display, enabling a higher contrast ratio of the liquid crystal panel and Faster response time.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention after alignment is completed.
  • the liquid crystal panel After the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 301 is completed, the liquid crystal panel also has a fixed structure including: a first substrate 10, a first alignment film 101, a second substrate 20, a second alignment film 201, a common electrode 202, and a pixel electrode 203. And liquid crystal molecules 301.
  • the first alignment film 101 is disposed on the surface of the first substrate 10.
  • the second substrate 20 is disposed opposite to the first substrate 10, and the common electrode 202 and the pixel electrode 203 are disposed on the surface of the second substrate 20.
  • the second alignment film 201 is disposed on the surface of the second substrate 20 and covers the common electrode 202 and the pixel electrode 203.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 301 are disposed between the first alignment film 101 and the second alignment film 201. Since the common electrode 202 and the pixel electrode 203 are both disposed on the second substrate 20, the corresponding mode of the liquid crystal panel of the present invention is the IPS display mode.
  • the surface of the first alignment film 101 and the second alignment film 201 has a liquid crystal alignment polymer 31 formed by a polymerization reaction solidification deposition of a reactive monomer 302 by ultraviolet light irradiation in a high-frequency alternating electric field, and liquid crystal alignment polymerization.
  • the substance 31 can align the liquid crystal molecules 301 such that the liquid crystal molecules 301 are arranged at a pretilt angle ⁇ when no driving voltage is applied.
  • the pretilt angle ⁇ is 0 to 5 degrees.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a low-frequency alternating electric field E' is applied to the common electrode 202 and the pixel electrode 203 while the liquid crystal panel is operating.
  • the frequency of the low-frequency alternating electric field E' is less than or equal to 240 Hz.
  • those skilled in the art can set the frequency of the low frequency alternating electric field E' according to actual conditions.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 301 exhibit positive liquid crystal characteristics in the low frequency alternating electric field E', and the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 301 is driven to be aligned parallel to the low frequency alternating electric field E' direction.
  • the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 301 is controlled by applying a low-frequency alternating electric field E'.
  • the magnitude of the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 301 is determined by the magnitude of the low-frequency alternating electric field E'.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 301 determines the transmittance of the light, and the liquid crystal
  • the different deflection angles of the molecules 301 can produce different gray levels for display purposes.
  • the common electrode 202 and the pixel electrode 203 are provided with only two, and it should be understood that the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and may include a plurality of common electrodes 202 and pixel electrodes 203, and the interval is The arrangement may be in a parallel arrangement or a staggered arrangement, and structures similar thereto are within the scope of the present invention.
  • the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal panel of the present invention align the reactive monomer and the liquid crystal molecules at a pretilt angle by a high-frequency alternating electric field, and then fix the pretilt angle by ultraviolet light irradiation, thereby realizing a liquid crystal panel for the IPS display mode.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules Since the existing friction alignment method is not used, the liquid crystal panel is not contaminated, and defects such as electrostatic damage and light leakage are not generated. Further, the alignment method of the present invention is more convenient for precise control of the pretilt angle, can achieve better dark state display and faster response, and can improve the contrast and response speed of the liquid crystal panel.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种液晶面板及其液晶配向方法，所述配向方法包括：提供第一基板（10），并于第一基板（10）的表面上形成第一配向膜（101）；提供与第一基板（10）相对设置的第二基板（20），并于第二基板（20）的表面上形成间隔设置的公共电极（202）和像素电极（203）以及覆盖公共电极（202）和像素电极（203）的第二配向膜（201）；在第一配向膜（101）和第二配向膜（201）之间填充包括反应单体（302）和液晶分子（301）的液晶组合物（30）；向像素电极（203）和公共电极（202）施加高频交流点电场，以使反应单体（302）和液晶分子（301）垂直于高频交流电场方向以预倾角排列；继续施加高频交流电场，并利用紫外光进行照射，从而使预倾角固定，以对液晶分子（301）进行配向。本液晶配向方法不需要通过摩擦来实现配向，避免对液晶面板造成污染。

Description

液晶面板及其液晶配向方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及液晶显示技术领域，特别是涉及一种液晶面板及其液晶配向方法。
【背景技术】
液晶面板包含阵列基板（TFT array substrate）和彩色滤光片基板（color filter substrate），阵列基板和彩色滤光片基板相对内侧的表面具有透明电极，液晶填充于阵列基板和彩色滤光片基板之间。液晶面板通过向透明电极施加电场控制液晶取向，以改变光的偏振状态，再由偏光板实现光的穿透与阻挡，从而达到显示的目的。
目前，根据液晶的初始排列与液晶在电场中的动作方式来区分，液晶面板主要有扭曲向列（Twist Nematic，TN）、垂直排列（Vertical Alignment，VA）、面内转换（In Panel Switching，IPS）等显示模式。其中，由于IPS显示模式具有对比度高，响应速度快的特点，在液晶面板中已得到广泛应用。
采用IPS显示模式的液晶面板在制造时，需要对液晶进行初始配向。现有技术中，对液晶进行配向是采用摩擦配向方式，其过程是：用带有绒毛的摩擦辊滚动摩擦设置在阵列基板和彩色滤光片基板表面的配向膜，以在配向膜上形成同一方向的预倾角，使得液晶分子朝着同一方向以预倾角倾斜排列，而具有一致的旋光性。但是，摩擦配向会对配向膜造成颗粒污染，造成产品良率下降；并且，摩擦配向方式还会产生静电，击伤晶体管，导致液晶面板出现缺陷。
【发明内容】
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种液晶面板及其液晶配向方法，以避免摩擦配向方式对液晶面板造成的污染和缺陷。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种液晶配向方法，包括：提供第一基板，并于第一基板的表面上形成第一配向膜；提供与第一基板相对设置的第二基板，并于第二基板的表面上形成间隔设置的公共电极和像素电极以及覆盖公共电极和像素电极的第二配向膜；在第一配向膜和第二配向膜之间填充液晶组合物，液晶组合物包括反应单体以及液晶分子，其中，液晶分子在高频交流电场中呈现负性液晶特性，液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场方向排列；反应单体的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场方向排列，且反应单体在高频交流电场中经紫外光照射后形成沉积于第一配向膜和第二配向膜的表面的液晶配向聚合物；向像素电极与公共电极施加高频交流电场，以使反应单体和液晶分子垂直于高频交流电场方向以预倾角排列；继续施加高频交流电场，并利用紫外光进行照射，以使反应单体产生聚合反应沉积于第一配向膜和第二配向膜的表面，从而使预倾角固定，以对液晶分子进行配向。
其中，预倾角为0~5度。
其中，高频交流电场的频率大于等于1000Hz。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种液晶配向方法，包括：提供第一基板，并于第一基板的表面上形成第一配向膜；提供与第一基板相对设置的第二基板，并于第二基板的表面上形成间隔设置的公共电极和像素电极以及覆盖公共电极和像素电极的第二配向膜；在第一配向膜和第二配向膜之间填充液晶组合物，液晶组合物包括反应单体以及液晶分子；向像素电极与公共电极施加高频交流电场，以使反应单体和液晶分子垂直于高频交流电场方向以预倾角排列；继续施加高频交流电场，并利用紫外光进行照射，以使反应单体产生聚合反应沉积于第一配向膜和第二配向膜的表面，从而使预倾角固定，以对液晶分子进行配向。
其中，液晶分子在高频交流电场中呈现负性液晶特性，液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场方向排列。
其中，反应单体的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场方向排列，且反应单体在高频交流电场中经紫外光照射后形成沉积于第一配向膜和第二配向膜的表面的液晶配向聚合物。
其中，预倾角为0~5度。
其中，高频交流电场的频率大于等于1000Hz。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明还提供了一种液晶面板，包括：第一基板，第一基板的表面上设置有第一配向膜；设置在第一基板相对第二基板的表面上的第一配向膜；第二基板，与第一基板相对设置，第二基板的表面上间隔设置公共电极和像素电极，且在公共电极和像素电极上覆盖有第二配向膜；设置在第一配向膜和第二配向膜之间的液晶分子。第一配向膜和第二配向膜的表面具有液晶配向聚合物，以对液晶分子进行配向，使得液晶分子在未施加驱动电压时以预倾角排列。
其中，驱动电压由低频交流电场提供，液晶分子在低频交流电场中呈现正性液晶特性，液晶分子的长轴方向平行于低频交流电场方向排列。
其中，低频交流电场的频率小于等于240Hz。
其中，液晶分子在高频交流电场中进行配向，且液晶分子在高频交流电场中呈现负性液晶特性，液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场方向排列。
其中，高频交流电场的频率大于等于1000Hz。
其中，液晶配向聚合物由反应单体在高频交流电场中经紫外光照射后形成。
其中，在所述高频交流电场中，反应单体的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场方向排列。
其中，预倾角为0~5度。
综上所述，本发明的液晶面板及其液晶配向方法通过高频交流电场使反应单体和液晶分子以预倾角排列，再利用紫外光照射使预倾角固定，由此实现对液晶分子的配向。由于未采用摩擦配向方式，因此不会对液晶面板造成污染，且不会产生静电击伤和漏光等缺陷。
进一步的，本发明的配向方法更便于对预倾角进行精确的控制，可实现更佳的暗态显示与更快速的响应，提高液晶面板对比度和响应速度。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例，并配合附图，详细说明如下。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明实施例的液晶配向方法的流程图；
图2是本发明实施例的液晶面板在配向前的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的液晶面板在配向过程中施加高频交流电场的示意图；
图4是本发明实施例的液晶面板在配向过程中利用紫外光进行照射的示意图；
图5是本发明实施例的液晶面板在配向完成后的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例的液晶面板工作时的示意图。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均属于本发明保护的范围。
图1是本发明实施例的液晶配向方法的流程图。请参阅图1，本发明的液晶配向方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：提供第一基板，并于第一基板的表面上形成第一配向膜。
步骤S2：提供与第一基板相对设置的第二基板，并于第二基板的表面上形成间隔设置的公共电极和像素电极以及覆盖公共电极和像素电极的第二配向膜。
步骤S3：在第一配向膜和第二配向膜之间填充液晶组合物，液晶组合物包括反应单体以及液晶分子。
步骤S4：向像素电极与公共电极施加高频交流电场，以使反应单体和液晶分子垂直于高频交流电场方向以预倾角排列。
步骤S5：继续施加高频交流电场，并利用紫外光进行照射，以使反应单体产生聚合反应沉积于第一配向膜和第二配向膜的表面，从而使预倾角固定，以对液晶分子进行配向。
下文将结合本发明液晶面板在配向前、配向过程中以及配向后的结构示意图进一步详细说明前述的液晶配向方法。
请参阅图2，图2是本发明实施例的液晶面板在配向前的结构示意图。
在液晶面板配向前，首先，提供第一基板10，并于第一基板10的表面上形成第一配向膜101。
在本实施例中，第一基板10是彩色滤光片基板。
然后，提供与第一基板10相对设置的第二基板20，并于第二基板20的表面上形成间隔设置的公共电极202和像素电极203以及覆盖公共电极202和像素电极203的第二配向膜201。
在本实施例中，第二基板20是阵列基板。公共电极202和像素电极203可采用ITO（氧化铟锡）、ZnO（原子层沉积生长氧化锌）或IZO（氧化铟锌）等同时具有透光性和导电性的材料。
在第一配向膜101和第二配向膜201之间填充有液晶组合物30，液晶组合物30包括液晶分子301和反应单体302。
液晶分子301具有透过施加一定电压而在特定方向上取向的特性，这种特性称为介电各向异性(dielectric anisotropy)，介电各向异性的数值有正负之分，且液晶分子301介电各向异性会随着驱动电场频率的变化而改变。其中，介电各向异性为负的特性称为负性液晶特性，介电各向异性为正的特性称为正性液晶特性。
在本实施例中，液晶分子301具有双频特性，具体而言：
液晶分子301在高频交流电场中呈现负性液晶特性，液晶分子301的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场方向排列；同时，液晶分子301在低频交流电场中呈现正性液晶特性，液晶分子301的长轴方向平行于低频交流电场方向排列。
本发明实施例中，反应单体302至少应在高频交流电场中具有负性液晶特性，即：反应单体302的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场方向排列。应理解，反应单体302也可以选用具有双频特性的单体，即：在高频交流电场中，反应单体302的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场方向排列；同时，在低频交流电场中，反应单体302的长轴方向平行于低频交流电场方向排列。
反应单体302可以是丙烯酸酯类树脂（Acrylate Resin）单体分子、甲基丙烯酸酯类树脂（Methacrylate Resin）单体分子、乙烯基树脂（Vinyl Resin）单体分子、乙烯氧基树脂（Vinyloxy Resin）单体分子或环氧树脂（Epoxy Resin）单体分子等。
通过聚合高分子辅助配向技术(Polymer-Stabilizing Alignment，PSA) ，反应单体302可产生聚合反应沉积于第一基板和第二基板的表面，以引导液晶分子301排列，并与基板间产生预倾角，详如下文所述。
请一并参阅图3，图3是本发明实施例的液晶面板在配向过程中施加高频交流电场的示意图。
其中，向公共电极202和像素电极203施加高频交流电场E，以使反应单体302和液晶分子301垂直于高频交流电场E方向以预倾角θ排列。在本实施例中，高频交流电场E的频率大于等于1000Hz。在其它可替代的备选实施例中，本领域技术人员可根据实际情况设定高频交流电场E的频率。
根据液晶分子301的双频特性，再结合液晶面板的工作时的驱动电压一般为低频交流电场的特点，所以在本发明中，液晶分子301配向时的配向电压由高频交流电场提供，液晶面板工作时驱动液晶分子301的驱动电压由低频交流电场提供。
向公共电极202和像素电极203施加高频交流电场E后，第一基板10和第二基板20之间形成水平方向的电场，此时，由于反应单体302和液晶分子301呈现负性液晶特性，反应单体302和液晶分子301的长轴方向垂直于高频交流电场E方向排列。因此，在靠近第一配向膜101和第二配向膜201表面，反应单体302以预倾角θ排列。
预倾角θ为反应单体302与第一基板10或第二基板20的夹角，具体为反应单体302的长轴方向与第一配向膜101及第二配向膜201表面的夹角。在本实施例中，预倾角θ优选为0~5度。
由于液晶分子301和反应单体302之间存在范德瓦耳斯力（Van der waals Force），在范德瓦耳斯力作用下，液晶分子301也以预倾角θ排列。
请一并参阅图4，图4是本发明实施例的液晶面板在配向过程中利用紫外光（ultraviolet light，UV）进行照射的示意图。
反应单体302与液晶分子301排列完毕后，继续施加高频交流电场E，并利用紫外光40进行照射。
其中，紫外光40从第一基板10的一侧进行照射，紫外光40照射时，反应单体302产生聚合反应，在一定波长范围内的紫外光，可使反应单体302充分反应，且不会损伤液晶分子301。
反应单体302在高频交流电场E中经紫外光40照射后会形成沉积于第一配向膜101和第二配向膜201的表面的液晶配向聚合物31(参见图5所示)，以引导液晶分子301排列，并与基板间产生预倾角θ。
其中，反应单体302经紫外光40照射固化沉积的过程称之为紫外光配向法，简称光配向。
光配向利用异向性（anisotropic）能量的紫外光照射配向膜，使反应单体产生聚合反应固化沉积于配向膜上，并且使配向膜表面的反应单体分子结构发生不均向性的光聚合、转换或裂解反应形成液晶配向聚合物，导致配向膜表面产生异向性分布的范德瓦耳斯力，进而诱导液晶分子排列。
其中，在施加高频交流电场E时，由于靠近第一配向膜101和第二配向膜201表面的反应单体302 以预倾角θ排列，所以在固化沉积时，预倾角θ受高频交流电场E的作用仍然保持，在形成液晶配向聚合物31后，预倾角θ得以固定，由于范德瓦耳斯力的作用，液晶分子301的预倾角θ也得到固定，从而完成了对液晶分子301的配向。
进一步的，本发明中，通过调整紫外光40入射光角度和照射时间的长短，可对预倾角θ精确控制，从而实现品质更佳的暗态显示，能够使液晶面板获得的更高的对比度和更快的响应速度。
请参阅图5，图5是本发明实施例的液晶面板在配向完成后的结构示意图。
在完成对液晶分子301的配向后，液晶面板也具有了固定结构，其包括：第一基板10、第一配向膜101、第二基板20、第二配向膜201、公共电极202、像素电极203以及液晶分子301。
第一配向膜101设置在第一基板10的表面上。第二基板20与第一基板10相对设置，第二基板20的表面上间隔设置公共电极202和像素电极203。第二配向膜201设置在第二基板20的表面上，并且覆盖公共电极202和像素电极203。液晶分子301设置在第一配向膜101和第二配向膜201之间。由于公共电极202和像素电极203均设置在第二基板20上，故本发明液晶面板对应的模式为IPS显示模式。
第一配向膜101和第二配向膜201的表面具有液晶配向聚合物31，液晶配向聚合物31由反应单体302在高频交流电场中经紫外光照射产生聚合反应固化沉积形成，液晶配向聚合物31可以对液晶分子301进行配向，使得液晶分子301在未施加驱动电压时以预倾角θ排列。在本实施例中，预倾角θ为0~5度。
请参阅图6，图6是本发明实施例的液晶面板工作时的示意图。
完成前述配向后，在液晶面板工作时，向公共电极202和像素电极203施加低频交流电场E'。在本实施例中，低频交流电场E'的频率小于等于240Hz。在其它可替代的备选实施例中，本领域技术人员可根据实际情况设定低频交流电场E'的频率。
此时，液晶分子301在低频交流电场E'中呈现正性液晶特性，液晶分子301的长轴方向被驱动至趋于平行于低频交流电场E'方向排列。
在工作时，通过施加低频交流电场E'控制液晶分子301的偏转，液晶分子301偏转的大小由低频交流电场E'的大小决定；同时，液晶分子301偏转角度的大小决定光的通过率，液晶分子301的不同偏转角度能够产生不同的灰阶，从而达到显示的目的。
值得注意的是，上述实施例中，间隔设置的公共电极202和像素电极203仅标示两个，应理解本发明实施例并不限于此，可以包括多个公共电极202和像素电极203，并且间隔设置可为平行设置或交错设置方式，与其类似的结构均在本发明的保护范围之内。
通过上述方式，本发明的液晶配向方法及液晶面板通过高频交流电场使反应单体和液晶分子以预倾角排列，再利用紫外光照射使预倾角固定，由此实现对IPS显示模式的液晶面板的液晶分子的配向。由于未采用现有的摩擦配向方式，因此不会对液晶面板造成污染，且不会产生静电击伤和漏光等缺陷。进一步的，本发明的配向方法更便于对预倾角进行精确的控制，可实现更佳的暗态显示与更快速的响应，能够提升液晶面板的对比度和响应速度。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种液晶配向方法，其中，包括：
    提供第一基板，并于所述第一基板的表面上形成第一配向膜；
    提供与所述第一基板相对设置的第二基板，并于所述第二基板的表面上形成间隔设置的公共电极和像素电极以及覆盖所述公共电极和所述像素电极的第二配向膜；
    在所述第一配向膜和所述第二配向膜之间填充液晶组合物，所述液晶组合物包括反应单体以及液晶分子，其中，所述液晶分子在高频交流电场中呈现负性液晶特性，所述液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于所述高频交流电场方向排列；所述反应单体的长轴方向垂直于所述高频交流电场方向排列，且所述反应单体在所述高频交流电场中经紫外光照射后形成沉积于所述第一配向膜和所述第二配向膜的表面的液晶配向聚合物；
    向所述像素电极与所述公共电极施加所述高频交流电场，以使所述反应单体和所述液晶分子垂直于所述高频交流电场方向以预倾角排列；
    继续施加所述高频交流电场，并利用紫外光进行照射，以使所述反应单体产生聚合反应沉积于所述第一配向膜和所述第二配向膜的表面，从而使所述预倾角固定，以对所述液晶分子进行配向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶配向方法，其中，所述预倾角为0~5度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶配向方法，其中，所述高频交流电场的频率大于等于1000Hz。
  4. 一种液晶配向方法，其中，包括：
    提供第一基板，并于所述第一基板的表面上形成第一配向膜；
    提供与所述第一基板相对设置的第二基板，并于所述第二基板的表面上形成间隔设置的公共电极和像素电极以及覆盖所述公共电极和所述像素电极的第二配向膜；
    在所述第一配向膜和所述第二配向膜之间填充液晶组合物，所述液晶组合物包括反应单体以及液晶分子；
    向所述像素电极与所述公共电极施加高频交流电场，以使所述反应单体和所述液晶分子垂直于所述高频交流电场方向以预倾角排列；
    继续施加所述高频交流电场，并利用紫外光进行照射，以使所述反应单体产生聚合反应沉积于所述第一配向膜和所述第二配向膜的表面，从而使所述预倾角固定，以对所述液晶分子进行配向。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的液晶配向方法，其中，所述液晶分子在所述高频交流电场中呈现负性液晶特性，所述液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于所述高频交流电场方向排列。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的液晶配向方法，其中，所述反应单体的长轴方向垂直于所述高频交流电场方向排列，且所述反应单体在所述高频交流电场中经紫外光照射后形成沉积于所述第一配向膜和所述第二配向膜的表面的液晶配向聚合物。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的液晶配向方法，其中，所述预倾角为0~5度。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的液晶配向方法，其中，所述高频交流电场的频率大于等于1000Hz。
  9. 一种液晶面板，所述液晶面板包括：
    第一基板，所述第一基板的表面上设置有第一配向膜；
    第二基板，与所述第一基板相对设置，所述第二基板的表面上间隔设置公共电极和像素电极，且在所述公共电极和所述像素电极上覆盖有第二配向膜；
    设置在所述第一配向膜和所述第二配向膜之间的液晶分子；
    其中，所述第一配向膜和所述第二配向膜的表面具有液晶配向聚合物，以对所述液晶分子进行配向，使得所述液晶分子在未施加驱动电压时以预倾角排列。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的液晶面板，其中，所述驱动电压由低频交流电场提供，所述液晶分子在所述低频交流电场中呈现正性液晶特性，所述液晶分子的长轴方向平行于所述低频交流电场方向排列。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的液晶面板，其中，所述低频交流电场的频率小于等于240Hz。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的液晶面板，其中，所述液晶分子在高频交流电场中进行配向，且所述液晶分子在所述高频交流电场中呈现负性液晶特性，所述液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于所述高频交流电场方向排列。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述高频交流电场的频率大于等于1000Hz。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述液晶配向聚合物由反应单体在所述高频交流电场中经紫外光照射后形成。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，在所述高频交流电场中，所述反应单体的长轴方向垂直于所述高频交流电场方向排列。
  16. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述预倾角为0~5度。
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