WO2013168991A1

WO2013168991A1 - Image measurement device and method for measuring deformation of civil structure

Info

Publication number: WO2013168991A1
Application number: PCT/KR2013/003999
Authority: WO
Inventors: 손인규
Original assignee: Son In Gyu
Priority date: 2012-05-11
Filing date: 2013-05-08
Publication date: 2013-11-14
Also published as: KR101181706B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to an image measurement device and to a method for measuring a deformation of a civil structure. The image measurement device of the present invention comprises: a digital camera; a yardstick rod having unit marks marked thereon; an installation rod at one end of which the yardstick rod is installed; an installation rod fixing unit for fixing the other end of the installation rod; a camera support unit for supporting the digital camera; a first plate having an upper surface on which the camera support unit and the installation rod fixing unit are placed; a second plate coupled to the first plate such that the first plate is rotatable on an upper surface of the second plate, the second plate being parallel to the first plate; a third plate arranged below the second plate and having a lower surface with a support connection part; and a horizontal adjusting unit for adjusting the angle formed between a lower surface of the second plate and an upper surface of the third plate.

Description

Image measuring instrument and method of measuring deformation of civil structure

The present invention relates to an image measuring apparatus and a method for measuring deformation of civil structures, and more particularly, to measure deformations that may occur during or after construction of civil structures such as tunnels, roads, and dams by image analysis. It relates to an apparatus and a method.

In general, when constructing civil structures such as tunnels, roads, and dams, periodic changes should be observed such as soil subsidence.

For example, in tunnels, the walls of the tunnels are often torn down while the tunnels are being excavated, which means that the soil that forms the walls of the tunnels will be deformed, which is why It is necessary to periodically measure whether or not it occurs.

Figure 1 shows a conventional technique for measuring the deformation of the soil, the gauge is installed on the wall of the tunnel, the distance to the gauge by the laser rangefinder installed in the center of the tunnel.

However, it is not easy to install the mark on the wall of the tunnel under excavation, and the tunnel wall is often collapsed by installing the mark, and if the section between the mark and the mark is deformed, it cannot be detected. There is a problem that the mark is damaged by debris during blasting work.

In addition, the photograph of FIG. 2 shows a state in which the tunnel is being excavated. In order to measure the crack length of the wall of the civil structure, which is a measurement target, there is a problem in that the measurement and recording using a tape measure or the like is required.

In order to measure the deformation after the civil structure is completed, a mark is installed, and an image photographing means is provided for photographing the mark, and the horizontal and vertical rotation driving means are operated to photograph the mark by the image photographing means. A method of determining the position, separating the mark from the background after photographing the mark and capturing the position change of the mark is disclosed in Korean Patent No. 10-0456524.

The method disclosed in the Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-0456524 is that the original position of the mark can be changed according to the control precision of the horizontal and vertical rotary drive means not only a large error, but also detects the deformation between the mark and the mark There are a lot of things that can't be used.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, it is not necessary to install a fixed mark, it is not limited to the mark can detect the deformation of the structure as a whole, and also an easy-to-use image measuring device And it aims to provide a civil structural deformation measuring method.

Image measuring apparatus of the present invention,

With a digital camera,

The standard scale bar with the unit scale,

An installation rod having the reference scale rod installed at one end;

An installation rod fixing part for fixing the other end of the installation rod;

A camera holder for mounting a digital camera,

A first plate disposed on an upper surface of the camera mounting part and the mounting rod fixing part;

A second plate coupled to the first plate such that the first plate is rotatable from above, and parallel to the first plate;

A third plate disposed below the second plate and having a cradle connecting portion at a lower surface thereof;

And a horizontal adjusting part for adjusting an angle formed between the lower surface of the second plate and the upper surface of the third plate.

The reference bar is provided with a pair of mounting rods installed on one side end, the mounting rod fixing portion is fixed to the other end of the pair of mounting rods, respectively, the interval adjusting unit for adjusting the interval between the reference scale rods installed on each of the mounting rods It is also preferable to provide.

It is also preferable that the level gauge for measuring the inclination of the first plate is provided on the upper surface of the first plate.

The method for measuring the deformation of the civil structure with the device

Step 1-1 comprising the device, mounting the device on the cradle by connecting the cradle connection of the device to the cradle;

Step 2 to mount the moving scale rod engraved unit scale at the position of the measurement object,

Step 3 of photographing the reference bar, the measuring object and the moving bar of the device using a digital camera,

Step 4 of calculating the length or deformation of the measurement object by measuring the length of the unit scale of the reference scale rod and the length of the unit scale of the moving scale rod shown in the photographed image;

And storing step 5 of the unit scale of the reference scale rod and the moving scale rod together with the photographed image in a database.

Instead of the step 1-1, it is also possible to use a step 1-2 for mounting the digital camera on the holder and mounting the reference scale rod at a predetermined distance from the digital camera. If it is not necessary to distinguish between step 1-1 or step 1-2, both step 1-1 and step 1-2 will be referred to as step 1.

It is also preferable to further include step 6-1 of superimposing the images stored in the database by step 5.

In addition, step 6-2 for selecting an arbitrary point of the measurement object in the image stored in the database in step 5,

Step 7 of taking a measurement object with a digital camera with the reference scale rod, installation rod, and moving scale rod removed, and storing the captured image in the database along with the shooting time and the position of the arbitrary point selected in step 6-2. ,

It is also preferable to include the step 8 of calculating the deformation of the measurement object by superimposing the image taken by the step 7.

According to the present invention, there is no need for a fixed mark installed, it is possible to easily detect the deformation of the structure as a whole, and there is an effect that is easy to use.

1 shows an example of the prior art;

2 is a photograph showing an example of a civil structure that is a measurement object.

Figure 3 is a perspective view showing the form of one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a bottom perspective view showing the form of one embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a perspective view showing the form of another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment method of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a photograph showing an embodiment of the present invention method.

8 illustrates another embodiment method of the present invention.

9 to 12 are photographs showing another embodiment method of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

An example of an apparatus for measuring deformation of a civil structure according to the present embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5. Digital cameras are not shown.

Figure 3 shows the form of the present embodiment device,

A reference scale rod 10 engraved with a unit scale, an installation rod 20 to which the reference scale rod 10 is installed at one end, and an installation rod fixing portion 30 to fix the other end of the installation rod 20; A camera mounting portion 40 for mounting a digital camera, a first plate 50 for placing the camera mounting portion 40 and the mounting rod fixing portion 30 on the upper surface, and the first plate 50 is on the upper side Coupled to the first plate 50 so as to be rotatable in the second plate 60 and parallel to the first plate 50, disposed below the second plate 60, the cradle connecting portion on the bottom It consists of a third plate 70 having a horizontal control unit 80 for adjusting the angle formed by the lower surface of the second plate 60 and the upper surface of the third plate (70).

The unit scale is engraved on the reference scale rod 10. In the present embodiment, the reference scale rod is made of 10 cm and painted in red to form the unit scale as a whole of the reference scale rod, but in units of 2 cm or 5 cm. It is also possible to engrave the unit scales of different colors.

The installation rod 20 has a reference scale rod 10 installed at one end thereof, and the other end thereof is fitted to the installation rod fixing part 30. The length of the mounting rod 20 is set so that the distance between the digital camera and the reference scale rod 10 can be 1 m as will be described later, and the mounting rod 20 to change the position of the reference scale rod 10 when the camera is mounted. And reference scale rod 10 is preferably coupled by screwing.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the camera mounting part 40 on which the digital camera is to be mounted is disposed on the upper surface of the first plate 50 together with the mounting rod fixing part 30.

A second plate 60 is installed below the first plate 50, and the centers of both plates are axially connected so that the first plate 50 can be rotated on the upper portion of the second plate 60. It is also preferable to further include a rotation suppressing unit 90 for suppressing the rotation of the first plate 50 relative to the second plate 60. In this embodiment, by installing a screw on the lower end of the bracket fixed to the first plate 50, the screw to press the side of the second plate 60, so that the rotation of the first plate 50 can be suppressed It is.

The third plate 70 is disposed below the second plate 60 as shown in FIG. 4, and has a cradle connecting portion 110 to be connected to the cradle on its lower surface. The cradle can use a tripod for general cameras.

A horizontal adjusting unit 80 is provided to adjust an angle formed between the lower surface of the second plate 60 and the upper surface of the third plate 70. In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the horizontal adjusting unit 80 is a second plate. It consists of three screws connecting the 60 and the third plate 70, so that the distance between the second plate 60 and the third plate 70 at each screw position can be adjusted by rotating each screw. Will be.

Although described later, in the method for measuring deformation of the civil engineering structure of the present invention, even if the first plate 50 is rotated, the digital camera should be able to shoot in the same height direction, but the tripod for the camera can also rotate the camera, but the same height direction. Since it is not possible to adjust the shooting range of the camera, the horizontal adjustment unit 80, such as the device of the present invention is required.

By the horizontal adjusting unit 80 as described above, the first and

second plates

50 and 60 can be adjusted to be horizontal with the ground.

In order to check whether the first plate 50 is horizontal, a level gauge 100 is further provided on the upper surface of the first plate 50, and the horizontal adjusting part 80 is adjusted according to the level gauge 100. The first plate 50 may be horizontal. However, even if there is no level gauge, it is also possible to use an independent level gauge on the upper surface of the first plate.

In addition, as shown in Figure 5 is provided with a pair of mounting rods 20 fixed to the mounting rod fixing portion 30, respectively, the interval adjusting unit for adjusting the interval between the reference scale rods 10 installed on each of the mounting rods 20 It is also preferable to further provide 35. 5 is to remove the camera mounting portion to show the configuration of the spacing adjuster 35.

The method of measuring the deformation of the civil structure using the above equipment is as follows.

First, the device described above is provided, and the cradle connecting unit is connected to a cradle such as a camera tripod to mount the device on the cradle, and the digital camera is mounted on the camera cradle of the device (step 1-1). Alternatively, the digital camera may be mounted on the holder instead of the step 1-1, and the reference scale rod may be mounted at a predetermined distance from the digital camera (step 1-2). In addition, a moving scale rod engraved with the unit scale at the position of the measurement object (step 2). A digital camera is used to photograph the reference bar, the measurement object, and the moving bar (step 3).

By measuring the length of the unit scale of the reference scale rod and the length of the unit scale of the moving scale rod shown in the photographed image, the length or deformation of the measurement object can be calculated (step 4), and the unit scale of the reference scale rod and the moving scale rod The length and shooting time are stored in the database together with the captured images (step 5) so that they can be used for further analysis.

The method of measuring the distance to the measurement object using the above method will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 6. Figure 6 (a) is a view showing the present embodiment device and the movement scale rod 300 mounted on the holder 200, Figure 6 (b) is a view showing the image taken by step 4, the measurement object The form is omitted.

S1 is the actual unit length of the reference scale rod 10, S2 is the actual unit length of the moving scale rod 300, L1 is the distance between the digital camera 210 and the reference scale rod 10, and the reference scale appears in the captured image. When the unit length of the rod 10 is K1 and the unit length of the moving scale rod 300 shown in the photographed image is K2, the distance L2 from the camera to the moving scale rod (that is, the measurement object) is

L2 = K1 / K2 × L1 × S2 / S1 ---- (1)

Can be calculated as shown in equation (1),

If the actual unit length S1 of the reference scale rod and the actual unit length S2 of the movement scale rod are the same, the distance L2 from the camera to the movement scale rod (ie the measurement object) is

L2 = K1 / K2 × L1 ---- (2)

It can be calculated as Equation (2).

7 is a photograph of actual measurement according to the embodiment of the present embodiment, in which the actual unit length S1 of the reference scale rod 10 (red portion) is 10 cm, and the actual unit length (white portion) S2 of the movement scale rod 300 is 100 cm. The distance L1 of the digital camera and the reference scale rod was 100 cm, the unit length K1 of the reference scale rod shown in the captured image was 364 pixels, and the unit length K2 of the moving scale rod 300 shown in the captured image was 253 pixels.

Accordingly, the distance L2 from the camera to the moving scale rod (ie the measurement object)

L2 = 364/253 × 100 × 100/10 = 1438 cm

Calculated equal to the measured distance.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, when the ground of the moving scale rod is locally settled, the position of the moving scale rod is reduced by the height H as compared with the photograph of FIG. 6 (b) stored before the settlement and stored in the database. Figure 8 (c) is a photograph of Figure 6 (b).

In order to contrast with the image stored in the database, it is also possible to superimpose each other (step 6-1).

At this time, the settlement amount H, through the length h, which differs from the photographed image, the unit length K2 of the moving scale rod 300 shown in the captured image, the actual unit length S2 of the moving scale rod 300

H = h / K2 * S2 ---- (3)

It is calculated as Equation (3).

Although the shape of the civil engineering structure stored in the database has been confirmed to be unchanged, it is sometimes observed to have been settled or raised, which may be interpreted as being raised or settled at the location where the device of the present invention is installed.

As described above, when two reference scale rods are installed in the device, the civil construction structure having a symmetrical shape and a digital camera can be installed in parallel, such as the tunnel shown in FIG. The shape and size of the cross section can be obtained through a proportional expression as shown in Equation (3). The crack size as shown in FIG. 2 may also be calculated by the above method.

The length and position of the reference scale rod and the moving scale rod in the photographed image may be automatically calculated by separating it from other backgrounds through image processing, and the distance between the pixels pointed by the user pointing to the end of each scale rod by enlarging the image It can also be calculated by calculating.

For example, as shown in FIG. 10, when taking a tunnel picture as shown in FIG. 10 (a), face mapping capable of analyzing the shape, length and width of the crack as shown in FIG. 10 (b) by image analysis. In addition to obtaining (Face Mapping) data, as shown in FIG. 1, a diagram as shown in FIG. 10 (c) according to the inspection type regarding the hole displacement and deflection deformation in the conventional tunnel is also possible. In particular, even when deflection deformation occurs between the mark positions in FIG. 1, it is possible to identify and maintain a record of the deformation amount.

In addition, in the case of a slope such as a dam, of course, the slope (thick straight line portion of FIG. 11) can be measured as shown in FIG. 11.

In addition, when the size of the civil engineering structure is enormous, it is also possible to secure and analyze the shape of the overall civil structure as an image at a certain height when photographing while rotating the device of the present invention.

In addition, after the civil structure is completed, after passing through Steps 1 to 5, an arbitrary point (for example, point A of FIG. 12) of the measurement object is selected in the image stored in the database by step 6 (step 6 -2), if starting with step 1-1, remove the reference bar, the installation rod, the moving bar, and if starting with step 1-2, take the measurement object with a digital camera while removing the reference bar and the moving bar, The photographed image is stored in the database together with the photographing time and the position of the arbitrary point selected in step 6-2 (step 7), and the image taken by step 8 is superimposed to calculate the deformation of the measurement object ( According to step 8), the deformation of the civil structure can be continuously monitored while the deformation can be calculated.

In other words, if the distance to point A, the shape and size of the cross section including point A are known, then the size / strain of the civil structure at a distance apart as part other than point A is also proportional to the distance, so the size appears in the image. The calculation is possible.

The remote control server is provided with a control unit for controlling the digital camera's shooting and scaling, and a communication unit for transmitting the captured image to the remote management server at the site where the civil engineering structure is located. It is also desirable to control the control and obtain a photographed image.

Such images and measurement data are constructed as a database, which can be used for future maintenance and repair, and it is also desirable that the remote management server be able to manage several civil structures simultaneously.

The present invention relates to an image measuring apparatus and a method for measuring deformation of civil engineering structures, and according to the present invention, there is no need for a fixed mark to be fixedly installed, and it is possible to easily detect deformation of the structure as a whole and to simplify use.

Claims

A digital camera;

A standard scale bar engraved with a unit scale;

An installation rod having the reference scale rod installed at one end;

An installation rod fixing part for fixing the other end of the installation rod;

A camera holder for mounting a digital camera;

A first plate disposed on an upper surface of the camera mounting portion and the mounting rod fixing portion;

A second plate coupled to the first plate such that the first plate is rotatable from above, and parallel to the first plate;

A third plate disposed below the second plate and having a cradle connecting portion at a lower surface thereof;

And a horizontal adjusting unit for adjusting an angle formed between the lower surface of the second plate and the upper surface of the third plate.
The method of claim 1,

The reference bar is provided with a pair of mounting rods installed on one side end, the mounting rod fixing portion is fixed to the other end of the pair of mounting rods, respectively, the interval adjusting unit for adjusting the interval between the reference scale rods installed on each of the mounting rods An image measuring apparatus, characterized in that provided.
The method of claim 1,

An image measuring device, characterized in that the level gauge for measuring the inclination of the first plate is provided on the upper surface of the first plate.
With a digital camera,

The standard scale bar with the unit scale,

An installation rod having the reference scale rod installed at one end;

An installation rod fixing part for fixing the other end of the installation rod;

A camera holder for mounting a digital camera,

A first plate disposed on an upper surface of the camera mounting part and the mounting rod fixing part;

A second plate coupled to the first plate such that the first plate is rotatable from above, and parallel to the first plate;

A third plate disposed below the second plate and having a cradle connecting portion at a lower surface thereof;

It is provided with a device comprising a horizontal adjustment for adjusting the angle formed between the lower surface of the second plate and the upper surface of the third plate,

Mounting the device on a cradle by connecting a cradle connection of the device to a cradle;

Step 2 and mounting a moving scale rod engraved unit scale at the position of the measurement object;

Photographing a reference bar, a measurement object, and a moving bar of the device by using a digital camera;

Calculating a length or deformation of the measurement object by measuring the length of the unit scale of the reference scale rod and the length of the unit scale of the moving scale rod shown in the photographed image;

And a step 5 of storing the length and the shooting time of the unit scale of the reference scale rod and the moving scale rod together with the photographed image in a database.
With a digital camera,

The standard scale bar with the unit scale,

An installation rod having the reference scale rod installed at one end thereof;

An installation rod fixing part for fixing the other end of the installation rod;

A camera holder for mounting a digital camera,

A first plate disposed on an upper surface of the camera mounting part and the mounting rod fixing part;

A second plate coupled to the first plate such that the first plate is rotatable from above, and parallel to the first plate;

A third plate disposed below the second plate and having a cradle connecting portion at a lower surface thereof;

It is provided with a device comprising a horizontal adjustment for adjusting the angle formed between the lower surface of the second plate and the upper surface of the third plate,

Mounting a digital camera on the cradle, and mounting the reference scale rod at a predetermined distance from the digital camera;

Step 2 and mounting a moving scale rod engraved unit scale at the position of the measurement object;

Photographing a reference bar, a measurement object, and a moving bar of the device by using a digital camera;

Calculating a length or deformation of the measurement object by measuring the length of the unit scale of the reference scale rod and the length of the unit scale of the moving scale rod shown in the photographed image;

And a step 5 of storing the length and the shooting time of the unit scale of the reference scale rod and the moving scale rod together with the photographed image in a database.
The method according to claim 4 or 5,

The method of claim 6, further comprising the step 6-1 of overlapping the images stored in the database by the step 5.
The method according to claim 4 or 5,

Step 6-2 for selecting an arbitrary point of the measurement object in the image stored in the database by the step 5,

If you started with step 1-1, remove the reference bar, the installation rod, and the moving bar, and if starting with step 1-2, take the measurement object with a digital camera while removing the reference bar and the moving bar, Step 7 of storing the captured image in the database along with the position of the arbitrary point selected in 6-2,

And a step 8 of calculating the deformation of the measurement object by superimposing the image photographed by the step 7.