WO2013165302A1 - Procédé pour détecter l'empoisonnement par le soufre dans un système de traitement de l'échappement - Google Patents

Procédé pour détecter l'empoisonnement par le soufre dans un système de traitement de l'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013165302A1
WO2013165302A1 PCT/SE2013/050452 SE2013050452W WO2013165302A1 WO 2013165302 A1 WO2013165302 A1 WO 2013165302A1 SE 2013050452 W SE2013050452 W SE 2013050452W WO 2013165302 A1 WO2013165302 A1 WO 2013165302A1
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Prior art keywords
nox2
measuring
exhaust flow
temperature
doc
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PCT/SE2013/050452
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English (en)
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Ola Stenlåås
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Scania Cv Ab
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Priority to BR112014026956A priority Critical patent/BR112014026956A2/pt
Priority to RU2014148590A priority patent/RU2623003C2/ru
Priority to CN201380023310.9A priority patent/CN104271909A/zh
Priority to EP13784466.8A priority patent/EP2885513A4/fr
Publication of WO2013165302A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013165302A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
    • F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/04—Filtering activity of particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/04—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0412—Methods of control or diagnosing using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1621—Catalyst conversion efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust post-treatment system, and a method pertaining to such a system, according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • the method and the system are adapted to detecting sulphur poisoning of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) in the exhaust post-treatment system.
  • a combustion engine burns a mixture of air and fuel in order to generate a propulsive torque. The combustion process generates exhaust gases which are delivered from the engine to the atmosphere.
  • the exhaust gases comprise nitrogen oxides ( ⁇ ), carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and particles.
  • NO x is a composite term to denote exhaust gases which consist primarily of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (N0 2 ).
  • An exhaust post-treatment system treats exhaust discharges in order to decrease them before they are released to the atmosphere.
  • a dosing system injects a reducing agent into the exhaust gases upstream of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR catalyst).
  • SCR catalyst selective catalytic reduction catalyst
  • the mixture of exhaust gases and reducing agent reacts in the SCR catalyst and thereby reduces the amounts of ⁇ released to the atmosphere.
  • liquid urea commercially available in the form of AdBlue®.
  • AdBlue® a non-toxic urea solution in water which is used to chemically reduce discharges of nitrogen oxides, particularly for diesel-engined heavy vehicles.
  • the reducing agent reacts with ⁇ in the SCR catalyst to effect the NO x reduction. More specifically, the reducing agent is broken down and forms ammonia (NH 3 ) which then reacts with ⁇ to form water and nitrogen gas (N 2 ).
  • NH 3 has to be stored in the SCR catalyst. For the catalyst to work effectively, this storage has to be at an appropriate level.
  • the NO x reduction the conversion efficiency, depends on the storage level. Maintaining high conversion efficiency in different operating situations depends on maintaining the store of NH 3 . The NH 3 level does however have to be decreased progressively as the temperature of the SCR catalyst rises, to avoid NH 3 discharges (i.e. surplus NH being released from the catalyst) which might lower the conversion efficiency of the catalyst.
  • At least one diesel oxidation catalyst is also used in exhaust post-treatment systems, as too are one or more diesel particle filters (DPF) which are often provided with a catalytic coating.
  • the object of the coating is inter alia to generate a sufficient amount of N0 2 to achieve passive oxidation of soot which is captured by DPF. This takes place inter alia by the reaction C + N0 2 ⁇ CO + NO.
  • the formation of N0 2 in DOC will depend inter alia on the mass flow of the exhaust gases and the temperature in DOC.
  • DOC and/or the catalytic coating in DPF store sulphur (S), which may be present in the exhaust gases, at lower temperatures and release sulphur at temperatures typically over 400°C.
  • N0 2 will be inhibited.
  • the N0 2 content after DPF will also depend on DPF's state with regard to sulphur poisoning. Sulphur is thus the main reason for the formation of N0 2 to decrease in DOC and at the catalytic coating of DPF.
  • the actual temperatures of sulphur absorption and sulphur release depend on the specific catalyst mix and the specific operating conditions.
  • Diesel fuel with low sulphur content (below 10 ppm), which is now generally available in Europe and the USA, may be used for quite a number of hours or days of engine operation without exceeding exhaust temperatures of 400°C before there is an appreciable decrease in the formation of N0 2 in DOC and/or in the DPF coated with catalytic material.
  • Running heavy vehicles in such a way is unusual but may happen.
  • sulphur poisoning of DOC and/or the coated DPF may occur sooner if the driver uses fuel which has a higher sulphur content, e.g. when driving in countries where there is no low-sulphur fuel or if the vehicle is inadvertently provided with fuel with a high sulphur content.
  • Sulphur is removed from DOC and/or the coated DPF by heating the catalysts to over 400°C for a substantial time, e.g. more than five minutes, which may be achieved by injecting fuel into the exhaust gases or by activating a burner.
  • the temperature involved in the desulphuration does not affect the SCR catalyst, which will during it be at a temperature at which it operates very effectively and there is minimal effect upon the ratio between N0 2 and NO.
  • NO x sensors are often very expensive components.
  • NO x sensors are often made of ceramic metal oxides, usually yttrium-stabilised zirconium (YSZ). YSZ is pressed to form a solid ceramic which conducts oxygen ions at high temperatures, from about 400°C.
  • YSZ yttrium-stabilised zirconium
  • a pair of noble metal electrodes are placed on the surface, making it possible for the variations in voltage or current of an electrical signal to be measured as a function of the ⁇ concentration.
  • the NO x sensor produces an output signal which represents the aggregate of the NO and N0 2 contents.
  • Upstream of DOC see Figure 1 the exhaust gases contain about 90% (+/- 5%) of NO and the remainder N0 2 . This ratio may be estimated from theoretical models. It is known that the NO x sensor has different sensitivities to NO and N0 2 , its sensitivity to NO being greater than to N0 2 .
  • WO-2010/068147 describes how a sulphur poisoning diagnosis is made in a system with one NO x sensor before ASC (the last part of certain SCR catalysts with special coatings) and another after.
  • WO- 2010/068147 refers to a method for post-treatment of exhaust gases in cases where the system comprises DOC and DPF.
  • the method describes the possibility of detecting sulphur poisoning in DOC and DPF by measuring their ability to form N0 2 . This may inter alia be measured by NO x sensors and then be compared with estimated values.
  • US-2008/216466, US-2003/032188 and US-2005/109022 are examples of patent specifications referring to different methods for removing undesirable substances (e.g. sulphur) from a catalyst.
  • the degree of sulphur poisoning is calculated by measuring the catalyst's ability to remove NO x gases. This is achieved by measuring the content of NO x gases before and after the catalyst.
  • Sulphur poisoning of DOC and of DPF with catalytic coatings is a known problem which may inter alia be caused by using fuel with too much sulphur content.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an early indication that there may be sulphur poisoning and thereby make it possible to initiate countermeasures.
  • An NO x sensor is adapted to producing an output signal which represents the aggregate of the NO and N0 2 contents, and the present invention utilises the fact that the NO x sensors used have different sensitivities to NO and N0 2 as a basis for arriving at a diagnosis of sulphur poisoning.
  • the ability of DOC and DPF to convert NO to N0 2 is a good indicator of sulphur poisoning.
  • An advantage of the invention is that existing sensors may be used to detect a pattern which would otherwise require a separate sensor or a workshop visit. It is thus possible at an earlier stage to have an indication of sulphur poisoning and to initiate earlier countermeasures.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an exhaust post-treatment system according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a graph of nitrogen oxide contents in the exhaust gases at the first and second NO x sensors.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart illustrating the present invention. Detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an exhaust post-treatment system according to the present invention.
  • the system 2 comprises at least one diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) intended inter alia to convert NO to N0 2 , and at least one selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR catalyst).
  • DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
  • SCR catalyst selective catalytic reduction catalyst
  • a diesel particle filter (DPF) is preferably also provided downstream of DOC. This filter may be uncoated or be provided with a catalytic coating. Here soot and ash are gathered and a certain conversion of NO to N0 2 also takes place here.
  • the system further comprises a reducing agent device 8 adapted to supplying a reducing agent 10, e.g.
  • urea or ammonia to the exhaust flow 6 upstream of said SCR catalyst where NO and N0 2 (NO x ) are then converted to N 2 .
  • the amount of reducing agent supplied is controlled by a control means (not depicted) depending inter alia on monitored contents of nitrogen oxides and the temperature of the exhaust gases.
  • a first NO x sensor 12 is provided upstream of said DOC and is adapted to measuring the content of nitrogen oxide compounds (NO x ) in the exhaust flow and to producing on the basis thereof a first NO x output signal (NOX1).
  • a second NO x sensor 14 is provided downstream of said SCR catalyst and is adapted to measuring the content of nitrogen oxide compounds (NO x ) in the exhaust flow and to producing on the basis thereof a second NO x output signal (NOX2), and at least one temperature sensor 16 is provided to monitor the temperature of the exhaust flow and to produce on the basis thereof at least a first temperature signal (Tl).
  • the diagram shows four temperature sensors 16 for measuring the temperature of the exhaust flow at different points in the exhaust post- treatment system. They are situated before and after DOC and before and after the SCR catalyst and produce respective temperature signals Tl , T2, T3 and T4.
  • the exhaust post-treatment system 2 comprises according to the invention a calculation unit 18 to which the first and second NO x output signals (NOXl , NOX2) and said first temperature signal (Tl), or one or more of the temperature signals, are arranged to be conveyed.
  • the first and second NO x sensors 12, 14 are adapted to measuring the content of nitrogen oxide compounds NOXl upstream of said DOC and to substantially simultaneously measuring the content of nitrogen oxide compounds NOX2 downstream of the SCR catalyst when no reducing agent 10 is being supplied to the exhaust flow 6 from the reducing agent device 8.
  • the temperature sensor or sensors 16 are also adapted to measuring the temperature T when the measurements of NOXl and NOX2 are taking place.
  • the calculation unit 18 compares NOX2, or a value related to NOX2, with a detection criterion which is related to the measured temperature, and generates on the basis of the comparison an indicating signal 20.
  • the detection criterion is a predetermined threshold value NOXtr related to the measured temperature, and the indicating signal 20 is generated if NOX2 is greater than NOXtr.
  • NOXtr may for example be chosen such as to be in a predetermined relation with NOXl .
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the nitrogen oxide contents of the exhaust gases at the first and second NO x sensors. It should be emphasised that the graph is primarily intended to illustrate the aspects which are important for illustrating the invention and is therefore simplified.
  • the content of nitrogen oxide NOXl measured by the first NO x sensor 12 is constant irrespective of temperature.
  • Measurement by the second NO x sensor 14 when no reducing agent is being supplied will show the amplitude of the output signal decreasing if DOC (and, where applicable, DPF) works as intended, i.e. if no sulphur poisoning has taken place.
  • the proportion of N0 2 in NO x will therefore increase relative to the NO proportion, and the different sensitivities of the sensor to NO and N0 2 will cause the amplitude of NOX2 to decrease. This is illustrated in the diagram by NOX2 decreasing with increasing temperatures.
  • NOXtr which is applicable at that temperature
  • the diagram also shows a curve NOX2' (chain-dotted line) representing output signals taken from the second NO x sensor 14 in a different situation.
  • NOX2' chain-dotted line
  • NOXtr 500°C
  • NOXtr' the predetermined threshold value
  • NOXtr' the predetermined threshold value
  • the threshold values are preferably chosen such that a certain deviation of NOX2 is required for an indication to be given. This may mean in the embodiment depicted in Figure 2 that NOXtr has for example to be 10% higher than corresponding "normal" values of NOX2. And in the other embodiment, when the difference between NOX1 and NOX2 is compared with NOXtr', NOXtr' is for example chosen at 10% less than the "normal" difference.
  • a table or a simple database is preferably provided, e.g. in the calculation unit 18, containing coordinated values for temperatures of the exhaust flow and said predetermined threshold values NOXtr or NOXtr'. Determining NOXtr involves starting from NOX1 and allowing the threshold value to be a predetermined portion of NOX1 which is related to temperature. It is of course also possible to calculate these threshold values directly on the basis of the relationship between temperature and the NO x content.
  • the indicating signal 20 is adapted to indicating that DOC and/or DPF are sulphur-poisoned. It may take the form of an alarm signal to the driver that the vehicle should call at a workshop. It may also mean that a countermeasure is immediately initiated to remove sulphur from DOC and/or DPF, e.g. by raising in a controlled way the temperature of the exhaust gases.
  • the output signal from an NO x sensor is sensitive differently to NO and N0 2
  • the output signal from the second NO x sensor is subjected to a suitable adjustment value to arrive at a "true" NO x value which may then be set against the output signal from the first NO x sensor.
  • the exhaust post-treatment system is adapted to calibrating the output signal NOX2 from the second NO x sensor 14 with respect to the output signal NOX1 from the first NO x sensor 12. This is done by having exhaust gases pass through the system at a low temperature, preferably below 150°C, when substantially no oxidation is taking place in DOC and no reducing agent 10 is being supplied to the exhaust flow from the reducing agent device 8.
  • the present invention relates also to a method for an exhaust post-treatment system for a combustion engine which produces an exhaust flow. The method is illustrated by the schematic flowchart in Figure 3.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the steps of
  • the detection criterion at step C is a predetermined threshold value NOXtr related to the measured temperature, and said indicating signal is generated at step D if NOX2 is greater than NOXtr.
  • the predetermined threshold values are for example stored in a table or a database which contains coordinated values for temperatures of the exhaust flow and said predetermined threshold values (NOXtr and NOXtr'). As mentioned above, they may also be calculated.
  • the indicating signal is adapted to indicating that DOC and/or DPF are sulphur-poisoned. It may take the form of an alarm signal to the driver that the vehicle should call at a workshop. It may also entail a countermeasure being immediately initiated to remove sulphur from DOC and/or DPF, e.g. by raising in a controlled way the temperature of the exhaust gases.
  • the method comprises the step of calibrating NOX2 at a low temperature, preferably below 150°C, when substantially no oxidation is taking place in DOC and no reducing agent is being supplied to the exhaust flow from the reducing agent device.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de post-traitement de l'échappement (2) pour un moteur à combustion (4) qui produit un flux d'échappement (6), lequel système (3) comprend au moins un catalyseur d'oxydation diesel (DOC) et/ou au moins un filtre à particules diesel (DPF) et au moins un catalyseur à réduction sélective (catalyseur SCR). Le système comprend en outre un dispositif (8) d'agent réducteur apte à introduire un agent réducteur (10) dans le flux d'échappement (6) en amont dudit catalyseur SCR, un premier détecteur de NOx (12) situé en amont dudit DOC et/ou dudit DPF et apte à mesurer la teneur en composés d'oxyde d'azote (NOx) dans le flux d'échappement, et à produire en fonction de ceci un premier signal de sortie de NOx (NOX1), un second capteur de NOx (14) situé en aval dudit catalyseur SCR et apte à mesurer la teneur en composés d'oxyde d'azote NOx dans le flux d'échappement et à produire en fonction de ceci un second signal de sortie de NOx (NOX2), et au moins un capteur de température (16) apte à surveiller la température du flux d'échappement et à produire en fonction de ceci au moins un premier signal de température (T1). Le système de post-traitement d'échappement (2) comprend une unité de calcul (18) à laquelle lesdits premier et second signaux de sortie de NOx (NOX1, NOX2) et ledit premier signal de température (T1) sont envoyés, lesdits premier et second capteurs de NOx (12, 14) sont aptes à mesurer la teneur en composés d'oxyde d'azote NOX1 en amont desdits DOC et/ou DPF et à mesurer sensiblement en même temps la teneur en composés oxyde d'azote NOX2 en aval du catalyseur SCR lorsqu'aucun agent réducteur (10) n'est introduit dans le flux d'échappement (6) à partir du dispositif d'agent réducteur (8), et ledit capteur de température (16) est apte à mesurer la température T lorsque les mesures de NOX1 et NOX2 sont en cours d'exécution, laquelle unité de calcul (18) est apte à comparer NOX2 avec un critère de détection qui consiste de préférence à le comparer avec une valeur seuil prédéterminée NOXtr liée à la température de mesure, et à produire, selon la comparaison, un signal indicateur (20).
PCT/SE2013/050452 2012-05-03 2013-04-24 Procédé pour détecter l'empoisonnement par le soufre dans un système de traitement de l'échappement WO2013165302A1 (fr)

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BR112014026956A BR112014026956A2 (pt) 2012-05-03 2013-04-24 método para detectar envenenamento por enxofre em um sistema de tratamento de exaustão
RU2014148590A RU2623003C2 (ru) 2012-05-03 2013-04-24 Способ обнаружения отравления серой в системе очистки выхлопа
CN201380023310.9A CN104271909A (zh) 2012-05-03 2013-04-24 用于检测废气处理系统中的硫中毒的方法
EP13784466.8A EP2885513A4 (fr) 2012-05-03 2013-04-24 Procédé pour détecter l'empoisonnement par le soufre dans un système de traitement de l'échappement

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CN114577688A (zh) * 2022-03-03 2022-06-03 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种检测车用柴油硫含量的系统及方法

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EP2885513A4 (fr) 2016-06-08
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BR112014026956A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
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