WO2013159284A1 - Xlpe中压电缆水树老化试验装置 - Google Patents

Xlpe中压电缆水树老化试验装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013159284A1
WO2013159284A1 PCT/CN2012/074600 CN2012074600W WO2013159284A1 WO 2013159284 A1 WO2013159284 A1 WO 2013159284A1 CN 2012074600 W CN2012074600 W CN 2012074600W WO 2013159284 A1 WO2013159284 A1 WO 2013159284A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
test
base
insulating
cup
medium voltage
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PCT/CN2012/074600
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱晓辉
孟峥峥
周凤争
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天津市电力公司
国家电网公司
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Application filed by 天津市电力公司, 国家电网公司 filed Critical 天津市电力公司
Priority to PCT/CN2012/074600 priority Critical patent/WO2013159284A1/zh
Priority to CN201210123801.8A priority patent/CN102628906B/zh
Priority to CN201220179931.9U priority patent/CN202710675U/zh
Publication of WO2013159284A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013159284A1/zh
Priority to US14/077,189 priority patent/US9063186B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/20—Investigating the presence of flaws
    • G01N27/205—Investigating the presence of flaws in insulating materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2813—Protection against damage caused by electrical, chemical or water tree deterioration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
    • G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power cable detection, in particular to an XLPE medium voltage cable water tree aging test device.
  • TR-XLPE Water-resistant tree cross-linked polyethylene
  • XLPE cross-linked polyethylene
  • the domestic cable manufacturer's TR-XLPE medium voltage cable product must pass the type test of the China Electronics Research Institute Testing Center to enter the State Grid cable market.
  • the standard method for this type test is DL/T 1070-2007 Medium Voltage Crosslinking.
  • Cable test method and requirements for water tree resistance test uses a cable that has been subjected to thermal conditions as a sample. Each cable sample shall be placed in a polyethylene with a nominal internal diameter of 75 mm. Or in a PVC pipe, accelerated aging is carried out at the test voltage. During the aging process, the gaps in the cable sample conductor and the conduit are filled with tap water.
  • the cable sample should also be subjected to load cycling by means of inductive current heating, and the water tree should be inspected and counted at the end of the test.
  • the cable core of the finished cable can only be used as a sample, and the experimental device is large in size and cumbersome to operate;
  • the sample must be subjected to the water tree aging process accumulated for several months or even longer at the specified voltage. It is not possible to quickly judge whether the cable material has water aging resistance.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device which is small in volume, short in aging period, and capable of performing rapid water tree aging test on the insulating layer of a medium voltage XLPE cable.
  • An XLPE medium voltage cable water tree aging test device comprises a plurality of parallel aging test units, each of said aging test units comprising an insulating base and a test cup disposed on said insulating base, said test cup interior Forming a cavity for placing a salt solution, an insulating cover is disposed on the mouth of the test cup, and a conductive electrode is mounted on the insulating cover.
  • the lower end of the conductive electrode is immersed in the salt solution, and the bottom of the cup of the experiment cup forms an opening.
  • An insulating gasket, a test sample, a base electrode and a conductor are arranged in this order from top to bottom on the insulating base, and a through hole is formed in the center of the insulating base, and the upper portion of the through hole has a large diameter to form a groove.
  • the base electrode is disposed in the recess and the upper surface of the base electrode is flush with the upper surface of the insulating base, and the test sample covers the base electrode, and the diameter of the insulating washer is larger than the bottom opening of the experimental cup and smaller than the base electrode.
  • a conductor is connected to the base electrode and grounded; an upper portion of the insulating base extends upward to form a sidewall, and a lower portion of the test cup Forming a groove formed in the side wall and pressing the upper end surface of the insulating gasket, the lower portion of the test cup is screwed with the side wall, and the insulating gasket seals the opening from the periphery and tests The space between the samples.
  • the test sample was taken from the insulating layer of the XLPE medium voltage cable, and the sample thickness was 1 mm.
  • the plurality of parallel aging test units are disposed in a test box, the bottom of the test box is grounded, and the insulating base of each aging test unit is fixedly disposed in the test box, and each base electrode passes through a corresponding A conductor is connected to the bottom of the test chamber.
  • the test device has simple structure, small volume and convenient operation. It can directly test the aging of XLPE and TR-XLPE cable materials as samples.
  • the aging cycle is short. Under the test voltage, the sample is subjected to water tree aging for a period of time, such as:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the composition of an XLPE medium voltage cable water tree aging test apparatus according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test unit in the XLPE medium voltage cable water tree aging test apparatus of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the circuit connection of the XLPE medium voltage cable water tree aging test apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an embodiment of the invention.
  • the test apparatus includes eight parallel aging test units.
  • the eight parallel aging test units are disposed in a test box 13, and the bottom of the test box 13 is grounded.
  • the insulating base 2 of each aging test unit is fixedly disposed in the test box 13, and each base electrode 8 It is connected to the bottom of the test box 12 by a corresponding conductor 9 and grounded.
  • This can Water tree aging treatment was simultaneously performed on 8 sets of sample pieces.
  • the number of test units can be set as needed, and more or less than eight. When the number of experimental units is small, it is also possible to carry out the test directly through the aging test unit without setting the test chamber.
  • each aging test unit includes: an insulating base 2 and a test cup 1 disposed on the insulating base 2.
  • a cavity 11 for placing a salt solution is formed inside the experiment cup 1; an insulating cover 3 is disposed on the cup of the test cup, and a conductive electrode 4 is mounted on the insulating cover 3.
  • the lower end of the conductive electrode 4 is immersed in the test cup 1 In the salt solution inside; the bottom of the cup of the experimental cup 1 forms an opening 5.
  • an insulating gasket 6, a test sample 7, a base electrode 8 and a conductor 9 are provided in this order from top to bottom.
  • a through hole 10 is formed in the center of the insulating base 2, and the upper portion of the through hole 10 has a large diameter to form a groove.
  • the base electrode 8 is disposed in the groove and the upper surface of the base electrode 8 is flat with the upper surface of the insulating base 2.
  • Qi The area of the test sample 7 is slightly larger than the area of the base electrode 8, and the base electrode 8 is covered from above.
  • the diameter of the insulating gasket 6 is larger than the bottom opening 5 of the experimental cup 1 and smaller than the base electrode 8, and the conductor 9 is connected to the base electrode 8 and grounded.
  • the upper part of the insulating base 2 extends upward to form a side wall 12, and the lower part of the test cup 1 is installed in a mounting groove surrounded by the side wall 12, and the lower part of the test cup 1 is screwed between the side wall 12, and the test cup 1 is used.
  • the upper end surface of the insulating gasket 6 is tightened so that the insulating gasket 6 seals the space between the opening 5 and the test specimen 7 from the periphery.
  • the salt solution used was a NaCl solution having a concentration of 9 g/liter.
  • the test sample 7 is a normal cross-linked polyethylene or a water-resistant cross-linked polyethylene medium-voltage cable insulation sample having a thickness of 1 mm, and a voltage applied to each of the conductive electrodes 4 is 1 Ten thousand volts (the set standard or thickness of the test specimen thickness and voltage is the breakdown field strength of the medium voltage XLPE cable insulation).
  • the base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box.
  • the upper surface of the base electrode is attached to the lower surface of the test sample.
  • the upper end of the conductor at the lower part of the base is in contact with the lower surface of the base electrode, and the lower end is attached to the upper surface of the box electrode and grounded;

Abstract

本发明公开了一种XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置，包括多个并联的老化试验单元，每个老化试验单元包括一绝缘底座和一设置在绝缘底座上的试验杯，实验杯内部形成有放置盐溶液用的空腔、杯口上设置有绝缘盖，绝缘盖上安装有导电电极；绝缘底座上由上至下依次设置有绝缘垫圈、试验试样、底座电极和导体，在绝缘底座的中央形成一通孔，该通孔的上部直径较大，构成一凹槽，底座电极设置在该凹槽内且底座电极上表面与绝缘底座上表面平齐，所述导体连接底座电极并接地；绝缘底座上部四周向上延伸形成侧壁，试验杯下部与侧壁之间螺纹连接，绝缘垫圈从外围密封住杯底开口和试验试样之间的空间。该装置结构简单、使用方便、所需老化试验时间较短。

Description

XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电力电缆检测领域， 特别是涉及一种 XLPE中压电缆水树老化 试验装置。
背景技术
目前广泛应用的交联聚乙烯（XLPE)中压绝缘电力电缆具有维护方便等诸 多优点， 但电缆绝缘中的水树老化问题一直是影响电缆安全、 可靠运行的主要 因素。 在地下运行的 XLPE中压电缆本体内一般会存在一定的水分， 这种电缆 经过长期运行后， 其电缆绝缘体都会受到不同程度的水树劣化。近年来， XLPE 中压电缆的故障发生率明显上升， 根据上海电缆研究所对故障电缆检测的结果 显示， 运行超过 5年的 XLPE中压电缆绝缘绝大多数都发生了水树。 尤其是安 装在南方潮湿环境中的电缆， 水树发生十分普遍， 个别严重的树枝长度接近绝 缘厚度的 70%。
抗水树交联聚乙烯 （TR-XLPE) 中压电缆是一种新型电力电缆， 可以延长 交联聚乙烯（XLPE) 电缆的运行使用寿命。 目前国网公司要求各网省电力公司 进行推广。 TR-XLPE 中压电缆的成本比普通电力电缆贵约 10%-20%， 但是在 外观上区别不大， 抗水树老化试验目前只能通过长期老化试验来确定。
目前尚无快速判断 XLPE中压电缆是否具有抗水树老化性能的方法。 国内 电缆生产厂家的 TR-XLPE 中压电缆产品必须经过中国电科院检测中心的型式 试验才能进入国网公司电缆市场， 该型式试验依据的标准方法是 DL/T 1070-2007 《中压交联电缆抗水树性能鉴定试验方法和要求》。 该方法是将经过 热条件处理的电缆作为试样。 每根电缆试样应放在标称内径为 75mm的聚乙烯 或聚氯乙烯导管中， 在试验电压下进行加速老化。 在老化过程中， 电缆试样导 体中的间隙和导管中都注满自来水。 电缆试样还应通过感性电流的加热方式进 行负荷循环， 试验结束对水树进行检查和计数。
该方法存在以下缺点：
1. 只能以成品电缆的缆芯作为试样， 实验装置体积较大且操作繁琐；
2. 老化周期过长， 试样必须经受在规定电压下累计数月甚至更长的水树老 化过程， 不能快速判断电缆材料是否具有抗水树老化性能。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种体积小、 老化周期短、 能够对中压交 联聚乙烯电缆的绝缘层进行快速水树老化试验的装置。
为此， 本发明的技术方案如下：
一种 XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置， 包括多个并联的老化试验单元， 每个所述老化试验单元包括一绝缘底座和一设置在所述绝缘底座上的试验杯， 所述实验杯内部形成有放置盐溶液用的空腔， 实验杯杯口上设置有一绝缘盖， 在绝缘盖上安装有一导电电极， 试验时该导电电极的下端浸入所述盐溶液中， 实验杯的杯底形成一开口； 在所述绝缘底座上由上至下依次设置有绝缘垫圈、 试验试样、 底座电极和导体， 在绝缘底座的中央形成一通孔， 该通孔的上部直 径较大， 构成一凹槽， 所述底座电极设置在该凹槽内且底座电极的上表面与绝 缘底座的上表面平齐， 试验试样盖住所述底座电极， 绝缘垫圈的直径大于所述 实验杯底部开口并小于底座电极， 导体连接所述底座电极并接地； 所述绝缘底 座的上部四周向上延伸形成侧壁， 所述试验杯的下部安装在所述侧壁围成的安 装槽中并压紧所述绝缘垫圈的上端面， 所述试验杯的下部与所述侧壁之间螺纹 连接， 所述绝缘垫圈从外围密封住开口和试验试样之间的空间。 所述试验试样取自 XLPE中压电缆的绝缘层， 试样厚度为 lmm。 所述多个并联的老化试验单元设置在一试验箱内，所述试验箱的底部接地， 所述每个老化试验单元的绝缘底座固定设置在所述试验箱内， 每个底座电极通 过相应的导体与所述试验箱的底部连接。
本发明的 XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置具有以下优点：
1. 试验装置结构简单、体积小、操作方便， 能够直接以 XLPE和 TR-XLPE 电缆材料的绝缘层为试样进行老化试验。
2. 老化周期短。 在试验电压下， 对试样进行一段时间的水树老化， 比如：
1天、 5天、 10天等， 然后， 分别对这些经过老化的 XLPE和 TR-XLPE试样进 行理化性能及电气性能测试， 根据理化特性和介电特性中相关参数的变化规律 对 TR-XLPE电缆和普通 XLPE电缆进行快速鉴定。 通过该装置大大缩短了老 化实验周期， 实现了对电缆材料水树老化性能的快速判断， 提高了工作效率。 附图说明
图 1是本发明 XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置的组成示意图；
图 2是本发明 XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置中一个试验单元的结构示 意图；
图 3是本发明 XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置的电路连接示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的水树老化试验装置的结构进行详细说明。
图 3是本发明的一个实施例。 如图所示， 该试验装置包括 8个并联的老化 试验单元。 所述 8个并联的老化试验单元设置在一试验箱 13内， 试验箱 13的 底部接地， 所述每个老化试验单元的绝缘底座 2固定设置在所述试验箱 13内， 每个底座电极 8通过相应的导体 9与所述试验箱 12的底部连接并接地。这样可 以对 8组试样片同时进行水树老化处理。 当然， 试验单元的设置数量可以根据 需要而定， 可以更多或少于 8个。 当实验单元较少时， 也可以不设置试验箱， 直接通过老化试验单元进行试验。
每个老化试验单元的结构如图 1和图 2所示， 包括： 绝缘底座 2 和设置在 绝缘底座 2上的试验杯 1。 实验杯 1内部形成有放置盐溶液用的空腔 11 ; 实验 杯 1杯口上设置有一绝缘盖 3， 在绝缘盖 3上安装有一导电电极 4， 试验时， 导 电电极 4的下端尖浸入试验杯 1内的盐溶液中； 实验杯 1的杯底形成一开口 5。 在绝缘底座 2上由上至下依次设置有绝缘垫圈 6、 试验试样 7、 底座电极 8 和 导体 9。在绝缘底座 2的中央形成一通孔 10， 该通孔 10的上部直径较大， 构成 一凹槽， 底座电极 8设置在该凹槽内且底座电极 8的上表面与绝缘底座 2的上 表面平齐。 试验试样 7的面积略大于底座电极 8的面积， 从上面盖住底座电极 8。 绝缘垫圈 6的直径大于实验杯 1底部开口 5并小于底座电极 8， 导体 9连接 底座电极 8并接地。 绝缘底座 2的上部四周向上延伸形成侧壁 12， 试验杯 1的 下部安装在侧壁 12围成的安装槽中，试验杯 1的下部与侧壁 12之间螺纹连接， 使用时将试验杯 1拧紧， 使其压紧绝缘垫圈 6的上端面， 从而使绝缘垫圈 6从 外围密封住开口 5和试验试样 7之间的空间。
所采用的盐溶液为浓度 9克 /升的 NaCl溶液。 在本发明的一个实施例中， 试验试样 7为厚度 lmm的普通交联聚乙烯或者抗水树交联聚乙烯中压电缆绝缘 材料试样， 施加在每个导电电极 4两端的电压为 1万伏 （试验试样厚度和电压 值的设定标准或依据为中压交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘的击穿场强）。
下面结合图 3的电路图对该装置的使用歩骤进行说明：
1 )将试验试样置于绝缘垫圈与绝缘底座之间， 使试验试样的上、下表面分 别与绝缘垫圈的下表面和底座电极的上表面相贴合， 绝缘垫圈的上表面与杯底 开口的边缘相贴合， 此时垫圈开口位于杯底开口的正下方， 拧紧试验杯， 防止 加入盐溶液时产生泄漏；
2)将多个安装好的试验单元逐一放入（底座与箱体底部固定连接吗一不固 定） 试验箱本体中， 此时， 底座电极的上表面与试验试样的下表面相贴合， 底 座下部的导体的上端与底座电极的下表面相贴合， 下端与箱体电极的上表面相 贴合、 接地；
3 )向试验杯的空腔中倒入盐溶液，倒入的量以保证导电电极浸入盐溶液为 准， 盐溶液通过试验杯的杯底开口与试验试样相接触且由于绝缘垫圈的密封， 不会泄漏；
4)盖上试验杯的绝缘盖，将每个试验单元的导电电极接入带有过流保护装 置 21、 计时器 22和电压表的供电电路 20;
5)接通电路， 向导电电极施加 10000伏的高压， 试验试样在高压及盐溶液 的作用下被加速老化；
6)对试样进行一段时间的水树老化， 然后， 分别对这些经过老化的 XLPE 和 TR-XLPE试样进行理化性能及电气性能测试， 根据理化特性和介电特性中 相关参数的变化规律对 TR-XLPE电缆和普通 XLPE电缆进行快速鉴定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种 XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置， 其特征在于： 包括多个并联的 老化试验单元， 每个所述老化试验单元包括一绝缘底座 (2) 和一设置在所述绝 缘底座 (2)上的试验杯 (I),所述实验杯 (l)内部形成有放置盐溶液用的空腔， 实验 杯 I)杯口上设置有一绝缘盖 (：3：)， 在绝缘盖 上安装有一导电电极 (： ， 试验时 该导电电极 (4；)的下端浸入所述盐溶液中， 实验杯 (l)的杯底形成一开口 (5：); 在所 述绝缘底座 (2)上由上至下依次设置有绝缘垫圈 (：6：)、 试验试样 (7)、 底座电极 (：8：) 和导体 （9)， 在绝缘底座 (2)的中央形成一通孔（10)， 该通孔（10) 的上部直径 较大， 构成一凹槽， 所述底座电极 (8)设置在该凹槽内且底座电极 (8)的上表面与 绝缘底座 (2)的上表面平齐， 试验试样 (7)盖住所述底座电极 (：8：)， 绝缘垫圈 (：6：)的 直径大于所述实验杯 (1)底部开口 (5)并小于底座电极 (8)， 导体 （9)连接所述底座 电极 (8) 并接地； 所述绝缘底座 (2)的上部四周向上延伸形成侧壁（12)， 所述试 验杯 (l)的下部安装在所述侧壁 （12) 围成的安装槽中并压紧所述绝缘垫圈 (6；) 的上端面， 所述试验杯 (l)的下部与所述侧壁 （12) 之间螺纹连接， 所述绝缘垫 圈 (6；)从外围密封住开口 (：5：)和试验试样 (7)之间的空间。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的 XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置，其特征在于： 所述试验试样 (7)取自 XLPE中压电缆的绝缘层， 试样厚度为 lmm。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的 XLPE中压电缆水树老化试验装置，其特征在于： 所述多个并联的老化试验单元设置在一试验箱 （13 ) 内， 所述试验箱 （13 ) 的 底部接地， 所述每个老化试验单元的绝缘底座 (2)固定设置在所述试验箱 （13 ) 内， 每个底座电极 (8)通过相应的导体 （9)与所述试验箱 （12) 的底部连接。
PCT/CN2012/074600 2012-04-24 2012-04-24 Xlpe中压电缆水树老化试验装置 WO2013159284A1 (zh)

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