WO2013155869A1 - 一种装配式墙体 - Google Patents
一种装配式墙体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013155869A1 WO2013155869A1 PCT/CN2013/000414 CN2013000414W WO2013155869A1 WO 2013155869 A1 WO2013155869 A1 WO 2013155869A1 CN 2013000414 W CN2013000414 W CN 2013000414W WO 2013155869 A1 WO2013155869 A1 WO 2013155869A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- prefabricated
- wall
- building
- steel
- steel bars
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/88—Curtain walls
- E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an assembled wall in a building, and more particularly to an assembled wall mounted on the side of the main structure of the building. Background technique
- the assembled wall with simple structure is mostly equipped with C-shaped steel, and the assembled wall of light steel steel frame with prefabricated light insulation wall panels installed on both sides.
- Heavy-duty fabricated wall is an assembled wall designed to meet the structural limit state, such as China's architectural standard design atlas "precast concrete external wall panel" 08SJl 0-2, 08SG333, of which 16, 16, 32- 35, 44-47 pages of exterior concrete slabs, as well as Japanese exterior wall panels.
- the first type of fabricated wall is an assembled wall that does not meet the design requirements of the limit state. It has poor safety and poor durability, and is not suitable for multi-layer and high-rise buildings. For example:
- steel keel consumes a lot of steel, the location of steel is unreasonable. Because steel is characterized by high tensile strength, for non-load-bearing walls, it is a flexural member that can withstand wind loads and horizontal earthquakes. Only steel can be installed on both sides of the structure to give full play to the advantages of steel. With the scientific connection structure, the prefabricated wall panels of the fabricated wall can be fixed without the aid of the keel and the main structure of the building, and the connection is more reliable, which can be calculated according to the structural formula, and its safety is not lower than the main structure of the building, and The amount of steel used is much lower than the assembled wall of the first intermediate-mounted C-section steel.
- prefabricated thermal insulation wall panels are installed on both sides of the keel, and the rigidity of the wall is much worse than that of the prefabricated thermal insulation panels installed in one layer.
- the stiffness is the modulus of elasticity multiplied by the moment of inertia.
- the installation of prefabricated thermal insulation wall panels on both sides of the keel increases the prefabrication installation cost, and the rigidity is still poor. Therefore, the rigidity is increased by the C-shaped steel, and the steel consumption of the C-shaped steel is large.
- the outer insulation layer of the beam and column is thin, the heat preservation is poor, and the thermal bridge is formed.
- the frame beam and column area accounts for 25 ⁇ 40% of the outer wall area, which has a great influence on energy-saving insulation.
- Many fabricated walls are at the beam-slab column of the main structure of the building.
- the steel bar is also used as an anchor horizontally through the prefabricated thermal insulation board, and the prefabricated thermal insulation board is fixed with the beam and column, and heat transfer occurs.
- thermal bridges In addition, a large number of door and window openings thermal bridges, tensile reinforced concrete bridges, air convection thermal bridges (such as sandwich walls, there is an air layer at the insulation layer to form air convection.), so many thermal bridges, thermal bridge calculation
- the workload is large, and it is difficult to design and calculate the thermal bridge.
- the average heat transfer coefficient of the wall does not have transparency, which often misleads the building energy conservation. Including the influence of heat bridges such as windows and balcony panels, the average heat transfer coefficient of walls in Heilongjiangzhou in China is really less than 0.5 w/m 2 .k, and the average heat transfer coefficient of walls in non-heating areas in the south is K. about 1 w / m 2 .k, even more, on the energy consumption of refrigeration and air conditioning in summer is also large.
- Some materials that promote insulation materials all advertise how their insulation materials are insulated, and how the heat transfer coefficient of the wall can be low, but this is actually the heat transfer coefficient of the main wall of the thermal bridge without windows, balcony panels, etc. Instead of the average heat transfer coefficient, what we ultimately want is the average heat transfer coefficient of the wall with the influence of the thermal bridge.
- the thickness of the insulation layer is limited, the number of steel bars passing through the insulation layer is large, and energy-saving insulation is not good. Because the thicker the insulation layer, the more unfavorable the force on the beef legs and the joints, and the large number of steel trusses are pulled through the insulation layer. The inner and outer leaf concrete slabs are pulled together, which increases the heat transfer, which has a great influence on the wall energy saving and heat preservation.
- steel truss reinforcement through the insulation layer can not use ordinary steel, otherwise the durability is poor.
- the steel truss of the steel truss through the insulation layer through the insulation layer will be rusted, the durability is not good, unless the galvanized steel is improved, but the durability is still poor, only with 304 # stainless steel can be completely solved, but so much The project is even less likely to be applied. OK, some other fabricated walls also have this problem.
- connection structure of Japanese building wall panels written by Yu Yan of the Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute - can be seen that the seismic structure of the assembled wall that can accommodate the displacement of the main structure of the building is too complicated.
- the prefabricated wall has the common quality problem of cracking at the joint of the prefabricated insulation board, which affects the durability of the assembled wall. Some fabricated walls also have the problem of cracking and seeping through the joints at the ends of the wallboard. Even in the winter, there are condensation at the joints, mildew, long hair, warping of the wooden floor, etc., and energy-saving insulation is not good.
- Precast concrete external wall panel 08SJ110-2, 08SG333, of which the 16th, 17th, 32-35, 44 ⁇ 47 pages are external wall concrete slabs, which can be slipped and rotated
- the whole concrete wall panel is a prefabricated wall designed to meet the limit state of the structure.
- the structure is complicated. It is difficult to process prefabricated wall panels, difficult to install, and meets the requirements of bending design with steel bars. The amount of steel bars is large and the number of mounting parts is large. Heavy weight and high cost: It is difficult to popularize, which is not conducive to ensuring the seismic safety of buildings and the anti-sideshift safety of high-rise buildings.
- the existing heavy-duty assembled wall has a complicated structure, is resistant to bending by steel bars, has a large investment in the formwork, occupies a large amount of land, and is expensive to manufacture, and is difficult to apply; although the lightweight heat-insulated assembled wall has a simple structure, the C-shaped steel consumes a lot of energy, but The limit state design is not satisfied, the safety is poor, the beam-column thermal bridge is many, and the crack problem is an obstacle to the development of the assembled wall.
- the problems affect the durability and safety of buildings, affect the energy conservation and emission reduction of buildings, affect the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions, and affect the anti-seismic safety of building buildings and high-rise buildings. In order to solve the above problems, it is convenient to construct and reduce the cost, and the present invention proposes an assembled wall. Summary of the invention
- One of them is a conventional fabricated wall; two of them are a slip-fit wall that solves the problems described in the background art.
- One of the assembled wall bodies of the present invention comprises a main structure of the building, a prefabricated wall panel and a structural supporting member; a structural supporting member is arranged on the outer side of the main structure of the building, and the structural supporting member is connected with the main structure of the building;
- the prefabricated wall panel is placed on the outside of the beam and column and the shear wall of the main structure of the building, and the prefabricated wall panel is installed on the structural support member, and the prefabricated wall panel is connected to the side of the main structure of the building;
- the prefabricated wall panels are joined to form an assembled wall mounted on the side of the main structure of the building.
- a second assembled wall of the present invention comprises a main structure of the building, a prefabricated wall panel, a steel bar, a steel hoop and a sliding shock absorbing member; the prefabricated wall panel is mounted on the concrete slab, and the concrete slab supports the prefabricated Wall panel
- the upper end or the lower end of the prefabricated wall panel is connected to the side of the main structure of the building to form the fixed end of the assembled wall, and the other end is a sliding end; the prefabricated wall panel is not connected with the column or the shear wall;
- the reinforcing bar comprises a longitudinal reinforcing bar and a horizontal reinforcing bar or an arc-shaped reinforcing bar;
- the longitudinal reinforcing bar comprises an outdoor longitudinal reinforcing bar and an indoor longitudinal reinforcing bar, and the horizontal reinforcing bar or the curved reinforcing bar comprises an outdoor horizontal reinforcing bar or an arc-shaped reinforcing bar, an indoor horizontal reinforcing bar or an arc-shaped reinforcing bar;
- the longitudinal reinforcing bar is located in the protective layer of the vertical joint of the prefabricated wallboard, or the longitudinal reinforcing bar is located in the indoor and outdoor protective layer of the prefabricated wallboard, and the steel hoop pulls the indoor and outdoor reinforcing bars;
- the sliding shock absorbing member is located on the contact surface of the sliding wall of the assembled wall and the concrete slab of the main structure of the building; connecting the prefabricated wall panels to form a column which is installed on the side of the main structure of the building and can accommodate the main structure of the building A deformable, malleable wall that is deformed from the beam.
- the prefabricated wall panel is installed on the outer side of the main beam of the building main body, and the structural support member is used to support the assembled wall installed outside the main structure of the building, which is not currently used in the assembled wall technology. of.
- the prefabricated wall panel currently installed is a prefabricated lightweight insulating wall panel, it is mounted on a C-shaped steel, and the present invention does not require a C-shaped steel; or some of the inner side of the prefabricated wallboard is mounted on the beam, and the outer portion is suspended outside the beam.
- the insulation layer is weak at the beam and column, forming a thermal bridge.
- the prefabricated wall panel is completely installed on the outer side of the main beam of the building structure, and the thickness of the insulative wall insulation layer at the beam and column is not reduced, so that a good energy-saving and heat preservation effect can be obtained: and the structural support member is used to support the prefabricated wall Board installation is the most convenient.
- the prefabricated wall panels are all installed outside the shear wall, an externally insulated shear wall wall is formed, which is not currently available in the external thermal insulation wall.
- the concrete structure plate is used to replace the mixed structure support member, and the prefabricated wall plate is installed on the concrete plate; the joint between the prefabricated wall plates is connected with two structures, and the joint between the prefabricated wall plates can be used. Bonding with adhesive material for transmitting internal force, and bonding with elastic sealant without the function of transmitting internal force, prefabricated thermal insulation wall When the joint of the board is bonded by an adhesive material having a transfer internal force, a force member that works together between the prefabricated wall sheets can be formed, which is not available in the prior art.
- the assembled wall structure of the first embodiment of the present invention when the connection length of the prefabricated wall panel and the upper and lower beam plates meets the requirements, the force calculation can be performed according to the structural requirements, and the bending design requirements are met, and the structure safety is good;
- the installation structure of the light insulation board and the main structure of the building is not reliable.
- the connection between the keel and the floor is used, such as fixing the iron and the floor, that is, the structural calculation requirements are not met, and the structure is not safe.
- the ninth embodiment of the present invention is a slidable assembled wall installed on the side of the main structure of the building.
- One end of the assembled wall is a fixed end, and the other end is a sliding end.
- This is the current assembled wall technology.
- the slippery, rotatable wall of Japan or China described in the background technology is an external wall panel. Japan uses steel profiles.
- China's construction of the atlas wall is made of concrete ribs on the wall panels, or connected with steel ox legs and wall panels, but it is different from Japanese construction, see Figure 33 on page 33.
- the slip-fit wall of the present invention is not an external wall, and the prefabricated wall panel is directly placed on the concrete slab or the structural support member, and is also assembled in the three directions, and Japan and China have The disclosed external wall panels do not have shock absorption in three directions.
- the prefabricated wall panel can be quickly fixed with the main structure of the building (including fixing with the concrete structure, steel structure and wooden structure). After the anchor bolt is fixed, the prefabrication of the installation can be ensured without the need of the diagonal bracing. Wall panel stability, fast construction, easy installation, and no increase in heat transfer.
- the disclosed technology does not have an engineering example or regulation for the use of a shot-type plastic anchor for the installation of prefabricated wall panels.
- the inner and outer ends of the anchor bolt should have an enlarged end joint structure, which is also not available in the prior art.
- Embodiment 4 The difference between the installation of the steel bar structure and the existing fabricated wall technology is that the prefabricated wall panel is a light composite insulation board, and when it is required to meet the structural limit state design requirements, in addition to the hurricane typhoon area, the common wind In the construction of load areas, the replacement of steel bars with alkali-resistant mesh or basalt fiber mesh in prefabricated wall panels can meet the requirements of bending design. When the tensile net is installed in the protective wall of the assembled wall, it is protected by alkali-resistant mesh. Reinforcement in the layer, but not the traditional meaning of steel, but the replacement of steel with alkali-resistant mesh, prefabricated wallboard is a reinforced wall panel, prefabricated and easy to install, reduce the cost.
- prefabricated wallboard It is difficult to mechanize prefabricated wallboard by using steel mesh reinforcement. At present, it is mainly convenient to process prefabricated wallboard with alkali-resistant mesh. There is no traditional steel bar in the prefabricated wall panel.
- the prefabricated wall panel is simple to process, mechanized and rapid prefabricated production, the longitudinal steel bar is easy to install, the steel consumption is small, and the force is good.
- the longitudinal reinforcement is located at the vertical joint of the prefabricated wall panel on the side of the opening, or in the prefabricated strip, which strengthens the weak part of the opening.
- the anti-corrosion measures of the fifth and thirteenth embodiments of the present invention are not available in the existing fabricated wall technology: the steel bars at the joints are only easily cracked and cracked by a small amount of ordinary cement mortar, and the steel bars or joints are easily corroded.
- Cement gathering Mortar or cement polymer concrete effectively protects joints from corrosion. If silica fume is added, it will increase corrosion resistance.
- the silica fume can form a C-i-H gel in the reaction. The gel is filled in the pores of the cement hydration, increasing the density of the protective layer, greatly reducing the cement voids, effectively preventing the intrusion and corrosion of acid ions.
- the joint of the assembled wall is an elastic joint, and the bonding material at the elastic joint can transmit internal force, and the bonding material has the ability to adapt to a certain deformation, the existing assembly.
- the wall technology does not have such regulations and engineering examples.
- the joints between the prefabricated wallboards are easy to split, the insulation is not good, and the durability is affected, which becomes an obstacle to the implementation of the assembled wall.
- Some installations have a large wall panel with a hole in the opening. It is necessary to set the column at the vertical joint of two large wall panels. For example, when the column spacing is about 7m, one wall panel needs to be installed, and the joints of the two wall panels are increased. A steel column adds cost and material.
- the present invention solves the elastic seam construction without the need to provide a column at the seam.
- a fireproof material is provided in the protective layer at the outer end of the anchor bolt or on the surface, or the protective layer at the outer end of the bolt is a protective layer that meets the fireproof requirement, and the anchor bolt meets the fireproof requirement, What is not available in existing fabricated wall technology.
- Embodiment 8 of the present invention adopts a groove between the protective layer and the heat insulating layer for the prefabricated wallboard, and a cement polymer mortar joint structure in the groove, which is not available in the existing prefabricated wallboard. .
- the invention adopts the structure of the heat insulation broken bridge of the opening, and when the prefabricated wall panel is a light composite thermal insulation wall board, the energy-saving wall of the current energy saving of 65% to 50% is reduced by 60 to 75%, so that the wall is energy-saving. Increasing insulation levels to a new level and reducing engineering investment will help reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.
- the invention provides the possibility of constructing a wall with extremely low energy consumption, and the extremely low energy consumption wall cooperates with energy-saving doors and windows, which can greatly reduce the engineering investment of using the renewable energy to meet the building thermal environment.
- the invention solves the problems of many current assembled wall thermal bridges in the prior art, and affects the energy saving and heat preservation effect of the wall. The reason for this superiority is because:
- the thermal insulation layer of the thin plastering external thermal insulation wall has a thermal conductivity of 0.05 w/mk after correction, and the inner thermal insulation layer of the prefabricated wallboard of the invention is large, and the joint can be bonded with elastic thermal insulation mortar. There is no heat transfer between the insulation plates, which can reduce the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material by 20%, that is, increase the energy saving effect of the wall by 20%. For example, when installing 1 steel bar in the gap of the prefabricated wallboard, consider the stainless steel wire passing through the EPS board to increase the thermal conductivity of the EPS board by 0.001 w/mk.
- the thermal conductivity of the EPS board can be 0.042 w/mk; Install 2 steel bars and increase the number of wires.
- the thermal conductivity of the EPS plate is about 0.043 w/mk.
- the thermal conductivity includes the effect of a certain moisture content in the long-term use of the thermal insulation layer;
- the invention eliminates the heat bridge of the beam and column, the heat bridge around the hole, and the thermal bridge of the balcony board. Finally, only the hot bridge is provocative, and the provocation can be partially set. Partial provocation, joint installation] root or 2 steel bars, provocations increase the average heat transfer coefficient of the wall by 0.015w/m 2 .k, 0.04w/m 2 , and increase the thickness of the insulation layer without restrictions. Assembling walls are easy to achieve low heat transfer coefficient, see Table 1 to Table 3 below for calculation data. Calculation book: Assume that the column spacing is 7.2m and the layer height is 3m. There are 2 windows with a length of 2.4m and a height of 1.5m. The height of the concrete is 100mm, and there are 4 provocations in the column.
- Table 3 data contains fire insulation materials for the openings, and horizontal and vertical fire barriers for the insulation mortar, increased wall transmission The thermal coefficient, as well as the effect of a certain moisture content in the long-term use of the EPS board.
- Embodiment 8 and 16 increase the connection between the protective layer and the thermal insulation layer to ensure the reliability of the connection between the protective layer of the prefabricated wallboard and the thermal insulation layer, so that the assembled wall can form an integral
- the force component can prevent and reduce the cracking of the prefabricated wall protective layer and extend the durability of the assembled wall to be no less than 50 years.
- the groove is the dovetail groove.
- the side with the groove is mounted on the outdoor side where the temperature difference changes drastically.
- the cement polymer mortar in the groove be elastic mortar, which may have an elongation of 1 ⁇ 3%; when the temperature changes, the elastic mortar on the outer side of the assembled wall can release the stress layer by layer, which can better adapt to the change of temperature difference between winter and summer.
- Embodiments 6 and 14 propose elastic joint structure, which is suitable for temperature change, and the bonding material can transmit internal force and force state; solve the problem that the current assembled wall joint is easy to crack and seep, assembly The wall has good durability; it is not necessary to set the column on the indoor side of the joint, which increases the cost and construction trouble.
- the mesh tensile material in the fabricated wall also needs to meet the durability requirements of the assembled wall.
- the alkali-resistant mesh should meet the requirements of the technical standards for alkali retention.
- the assembled wall of the invention has simple structure, clear force and good structural safety.
- the prefabricated wall panel is a light composite thermal insulation wall board
- the weight is light
- the installation speed is fast
- the installation labor cost is reduced
- the steel consumption is small
- the assembly is not only assembled.
- the wall cost is low, and the construction cost of the main structure of the building is reduced and the construction cost of the building thermal environment is reduced.
- the invention has wide application and has important significance for energy saving and emission reduction.
- the standard atlas uses a large amount of steel, the weight is too large, and the force is unreasonable. The calculation proves that the earthquake action plays a controlling role and is unfavorable for structural calculation. Comparing the construction of the nine to sixteenth embodiment of the present invention with the standard construction atlas "precast concrete exterior wall panel" 08SJ110-2, 08SG333, the fabricated wall structure of the present invention is much simpler than the standard construction atlas.
- the prefabricated wallboard is a light composite insulation wallboard
- the weight of the prefabricated wallboard is 20% ⁇ 25% of the weight of the structural atlas wall, and the earthquake effect is reduced by 75% ⁇ 80%, which is beneficial to the earthquake resistance of the building.
- the mesh tensile material can meet the bending design requirements, and the amount of steel used is small, but its function also meets the performance of the standard construction atlas assembly wall: It can accommodate the main structure of the building. An assembled wall that deforms between the column and the beam.
- the ninth embodiment of the present invention has a damping effect of ⁇ one direction, which exceeds the performance of the standard structure atlas assembled wall, and increases the seismic safety of the wall and the building, which is not available in the existing assembled wall.
- the assembled wall of the present invention is most widely used when the prefabricated wall panel is a light prefabricated insulation board.
- the assembled wall of the present invention provides conditions for installing the hanging wall on the external wall, such as installing an anti-theft fence, a sun visor, Power wall decoration, billboards, solar photovoltaic panels and exterior wall greening, etc.
- the external wall hangings can be directly connected to the steel plate or block steel on the assembled wall steel bars, and the assembled wall and the building main structure do not have to pass through. The connection, the glass curtain wall will not be crushed and destroyed, it is safe and energy-saving, and the disclosed fabricated wall technology cannot.
- the assembled wall of the invention can meet the needs of the building facade:
- the protruding and indented exterior wall shape can be formed.
- the window wall can partially form a composite wall pillar that protrudes outward.
- a large window sill can be formed.
- Arc windows can be formed.
- the ordinary assembled wall of the invention can be divided into a window partition, a small wall under the window, or can be assembled into a large block, and the installation mode is determined according to the lifting capacity, the installation is flexible, and the application is wide.
- the slidable assembled wall embodies the field installation window wall and the window lower wall, which is beneficial to the accuracy of installing the position of the sliding shock absorbing member.
- the invention solves many problems existing in the current assembled wall according to the background art, and the invention is beneficial to controlling global warming, is beneficial to building earthquake resistance, has wide application, and has important social significance.
- FIG. 1 is an installation elevation view of a prefabricated wall panel 15 of an assembled wall according to Embodiments 1 to 8.
- the structural support member 1-1 ie, concrete provocation
- the structural support member 1-1 is provided with a length, and the lower wall of the window is divided into two upper and lower prefabricated wall panels. ;
- Figure 2 differs from Figure 1 in that the concrete provocation 1-1 is partially set, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the lower wall of the window is directly installed with the outer side of the beam;
- Fig. 3 The difference between Fig. 3 and Fig. is that the concrete provocation is partially set, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the lower wall of the window is provided with a notched whole block installation, and can also be divided into two upper and lower prefabricated wall panels 15 for installation, and the whole installation is convenient;
- Figure 4 is on the basis of Figure 3, the middle part of the lower wall of the window is also provided with a partial provocation on the main structure of the building, that is, there is a structural support member 1-1 support in the middle of the lower wall of the window, which is partially provoked in the middle. It can be installed indoor and outdoor longitudinal steel bars. It is suitable for installing prefabricated wall panels 15 when the lower wall of the window is long (Fig. 25, there is not much application), or the lower wall of the window is divided into two prefabricated wall panels 15 for installation;
- Fig. 5 and Fig. 2 The difference between Fig. 5 and Fig. 2 is that two steel bars are installed at the joints of the prefabricated wall panels 15 , and prefabricated panels 15 are arranged between the prefabricated wall panels 15;
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line -1 of Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 4, Figure 11 to Figure 13;
- Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figures 1, 2, 4, and 13;
- Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 5:
- Figure 9 is an enlarged view of the node A of Figure 2.
- Figure 10 is an enlarged view of the node B of Figure 5;
- Figure 11 is an embodiment of the first to eighth non-hole-mounted wall prefabricated wall panels 15 installation elevation, concrete provocation length setting;
- Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the prefabricated wall panel of the assembled wall when the eight windows are curved;
- Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 5;
- Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 of Figures 1 to 5 and Figures 11 to 13;
- Figure 16 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figures 2, 4, and 13;
- Figure 17 is a first to eighth embodiment, when the concrete slab 1-2 is placed against the joint surface, when the concrete slab 1-3 - the vertical concrete slab is placed on the side of the concrete slab 1 - 2, the vertical section of the assembled wall Figure
- Figure 18 is a first to eighth embodiment, the prefabricated wall panel 15 is installed on the concrete slab, and is connected with the side of the beam to install a vertical sectional view, which can be used to close the inner wall of the balcony or the wall of the household partition, without setting steel bars, or only at the door
- a vertical sectional view which can be used to close the inner wall of the balcony or the wall of the household partition, without setting steel bars, or only at the door
- the steel plate is installed with the steel bar
- FIG. 19 is the first embodiment of the first embodiment, and the metal plate 1-2 is placed against the connecting surface. Additional abutment 1-3 - vertical steel skeleton, connecting the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the additional abutting member 1-3;
- Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled balcony slats, and the prefabricated wall panels are installed on the partial concrete plaques provided at the bottom of the additional affixing members 1-3 - the vertical concrete slabs (the cross-section shows the ⁇ - ⁇ in the cross section ;
- Figure 21 is different from Figure 2 in that the concrete provocation is partially set and the support 1 - 1-5 is provided, and the concrete is provocative and externally insulated, which is not recommended;
- Figure 22 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Figure 2, which is not recommended;
- Figure 23 is a plan view of the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the prefabricated wall panel, the prefabricated wall panel edge protection layer is thinned so that the adjacent prefabricated wall panel 15 or the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the prefabricated strip can be used with the tensile net during installation. Whether the board 15-] is connected, whether the edge protection layer needs to be partially thinned, determined according to the decoration requirements, etc., and the notch 10 is provided on both sides of the upper part, and the position of the notch 10 corresponds to the partial provocation 1-1;
- Figure 24 is an enlarged view of the node C of Figure 23;
- Figure 25 is a plan view of the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the lower wall of the window of Figure 4, with an outdoor longitudinal reinforcement 61-1 in the middle of the lower wall of the window for concrete provocation connection with the structural support member 1-1, indoor longitudinal reinforcement
- the lower end of 6-1-2 is partially exposed near the floor (no protective layer), and the exposed length meets the connection requirements of anchoring steel bars in the main structure of the building;
- Figure 26 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the steel truss support 1-1-5 provided in Figure 21;
- Figure 27 shows the cement polymer mortar-wrapped steel truss support to meet the requirements of anti-corrosion and fire protection requirements;
- the double steel truss support is connected with the outdoor double longitudinal reinforcement, and the outdoor longitudinal reinforcement is a single steel, the steel truss support is one;
- the prefabricated strip is installed horizontally between the prefabricated wall panels, and the prefabricated strips are located indoors and outdoors. 2 steel bars are installed, steel plates are installed on the steel bars, and the steel plates are protruded outside the protective layer for installing the external wall hangings; the one side protective layer is thickened outwards as a decorative line;
- Figure 29 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the prefabricated wall panel 15 with the bonding material 16 at the seam.
- (1) is the indoor side leveling, plastering, pasting mesh tensile material pull, the outdoor side is attached with the mesh tensile material 5, and the elastic sealant 9 is also filled, forming a groove decorative seam;
- (2) There are longitudinal steel bars on both sides of the joint, and the joint material is filled at the joints.
- the bonding material 16 is fireproof and heat insulating material such as cement polymer elastic thermal insulation mortar, forming a fireproof insulation belt, and the outer side is also filled with elastic sealant. 9, forming a groove decorative seam;
- Figure 30 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a composite wall when the two windows of the fabricated wall are very close, according to the bending and shear resistance requirements.
- the composite column protrudes outward to form a vertical shape of the vertical strip, and the installation is simple; or the composite column protrudes into the room, and the composite column is connected with the floor surface, which is troublesome to install and occupies the indoor area;
- Figure 31 is a cross-sectional view showing the installation of two steel bars in the interior and exterior of the prefabricated strip 15-1.
- the inner protective layer 8 is poured into the mold, and the prefabricated strip is mounted on the main structure, and then the outer layer is wiped.
- Protective layer 8. When applied to a slip-mountable wall, the sliding steel insert 2-1 is attached to the indoor and outdoor longitudinal steel bars at the end of the prefabricated strip 15-1 (Fig. 41); also when the prefabricated strip 15-1 is in the window a horizontal section of the window edge, a steel sheet 6-3 is mounted on the window reinforcement, and the connecting steel piece of the fixed window is connected to the steel sheet 6-3 when the window is installed;
- Figure 32 is a horizontal sectional view showing the longitudinal reinforcing bars 6-1 in the prefabricated wall panel 15;
- Figure 33 is a ninth to sixteenth partial arrangement of the structural support member 1-1 (i.e., concrete provocation), with a door and window opening, a slidable assembled wall prefabricated wall panel 15, and a prefabricated slab 15-1 mounting façade Figure, the lower wall of the window is divided into upper and lower blocks; the "4" marked in the figure is the additional sliding limiter 4 when the lower wall of the window is long, which is indicated by a broken line in the figure;
- the structural support member 1-1 i.e., concrete provocation
- Figure 34 is a vertical sectional view of the nine- to sixteen-slidable assembled wall of the embodiment, wherein the upper end is a sliding end and the lower end is a fixed end, and is not recommended;
- Figure 35 is an enlarged view of the additional slip limiter of Figures 33 and 37;
- Figure 36 is a partial ninth to sixteenth embodiment of the structural support member 1-1 (i.e., concrete provocation), no door and window opening, slip-fit wall prefabricated wall panel 15, prefabricated slab 15-1 installation façade Figure
- Figure 33, Figure 36 are the installation of the sliding shock absorbing member 2 at the horizontal joint of the prefabricated strip 15-1 and the structural support member 1-1;
- Figure 37 is a sectional view taken along line 8-8 of Figure 33, the horizontal joint is provided with a sliding shock absorbing member 2, the provocation is not insulated, and also indicates that an additional slip limiter 4 is disposed between the lower wall of the window and the floor of the building;
- Figure 38 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9-9 of Figure 36, with the sliding shock absorbing member 2 at the horizontal joint, the prosthetic is not insulated;
- Figure (1) is the corner of the building, the sliding assembly wall and column One of the connection structures, the prefabricated wall panel 15 is connected to the column, and the prefabricated wall panel on both sides of the corner is 45 degrees; and in FIG. 39 (2), the concrete provocation is set at 45 degrees, and the two sides of the corner can also be set.
- Figure 40 (1) is the second corner of the building, the sliding joint wall and column connection structure, the prefabricated wall panel 15 is connected with the column, and the prefabricated wall panels 15 on both sides of the corner are perpendicularly connected at right angles; Install an insulation layer, a protective layer, a mesh tensile material, etc.; and in Fig. 40 (2), it is shown that a provocation is provided on both sides of the corner; Note: (1) in Figure 39 and (1) in Figure 40 are all provided with elastic expansion joints at the edge of the column;
- Figure 41 is a vertical sectional view of the prefabricated strip 15-1, and the sliding member 2-1 is installed on the prefabricated strip;
- Figure 42 is a 10-10 horizontal sectional view of Figure 33, the prefabricated wall panel 15 is not connected to the column, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the column have an elastic sealing material;
- Figure 43 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line 11-11 of Figure 33, the prefabricated wall panel 15 is not connected to the column, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the column are provided with an elastic sealing material;
- Figure 44 is a plan view of the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the lower wall of the window of Figure 33 divided into upper and lower strips, located under the horizontal sliding seam, when the length of the lower wall of the window exceeds a certain length, a gap 10 may be required in the middle;
- Figure 45 is an enlarged view of the node D of Figure 37 and Figure 38;
- Fig. 46 is a sectional view taken along line 12-12 of Figs. 33 and 45, that is, a sectional view in which the sliding shock absorbing member 2 is attached along the longitudinal direction of the wall.
- Figure 47 is a prefabricated wall panel 15 when it is a light composite thermal insulation wall panel, and a dovetail groove is arranged on the side of the insulation layer 3, and a cement polymer mortar is arranged in the groove;
- Figure 48 is different from Figure 47.
- Figure 49 is different from Figure 47.
- the insulation layer 3 is provided with a dovetail groove on the side.
- the insulating layer 3 has cement polymer mortar on one side of the plane;
- FIGS. 47 to 50 are the structures of Embodiments 8 and 16;
- Figure 51 is a section of the interior of the joint with a non-elastic or elastic cement polymer insulation mortar 16 or polyurethane foam adhesive seal, close to the outdoor side of a section of cement with polymer elastic mortar 16-1 adhesive seal;
- the side is pasted with an alkali-resistant mesh cloth 5, and the outer edge of the outdoor slit has an elastic sealant:
- Fig. 52 The difference between Fig. 52 and Fig. 51 is that the seam is a straight seam, and the elastic sealant 9 is located between the outer alkali-resistant mesh cloth 5 and the joint end of the prefabricated wall panel 15;
- Figure 53 shows the joint of the prefabricated wall panel 15 as a heat-insulating bridge structure, and one steel bar is arranged at the joint;
- Figure 54 differs from Figure 54 in that no reinforcement is placed at the seam
- Fig. 51 to Fig. 54 are all elastic joint structures of the sixth and fourth embodiments.
- Figure 55 is a perspective view showing the installation of the prefabricated wall panel 15 horizontally and the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the prefabricated wall panel 15 in the first embodiment
- Figure 56 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the conventional assembled wall of the first to eighth embodiments and the beam-column of the main structure of the building. detailed description
- an assembled wall body of the present embodiment is composed of a main structure of the building 1, a structural support member 1-1 and a prefabricated wall panel 15;
- the main structure 1 of the building is a beam-slab column wall and a foundation; for example, the main structure 1 of the building is a concrete frame structure, a steel-concrete frame structure, a frame shear Structure, steel frame structure, concrete-filled steel tube structure, mixed frame structure of concrete and steel, steel-wood frame structure, bamboo frame, wood frame structure, or shear wall structure;
- a structural support member 1-1 is provided on the outer side of the main structure 1 of the building, and the structural support member 1-1 is connected to the main structure 1 of the building.
- the structural support member 1-1 is an extension of the main structure 1 of the building in the horizontal direction (structure)
- the support member 1-1 is substantially a part of the main structure 1 of the building;
- the structural support member 1-1 is a concrete provoke or a metal support member (the metal support member can be used when the main structure of the building is a steel structure, It can also be used to pour concrete in the outer structure of steel structure, or to provoke wood or bamboo (when bamboo frame, wood frame structure);
- the structural support members 1-1 are continuously set (Fig. 1 is continuous setting) ) or for local settings ( Figure 2 ⁇ Figure 5 for local settings);
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 is placed on the outside of the beam and column and the shear wall of the main structure 1 of the building, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 is mounted on the structural support member 1-1, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 is connected to the side of the main structure 1 of the building;
- the structural support member 1-1 When the energy-saving insulation wall is located outdoors, in most cases, the structural support member 1-1 is required, and the vertical load (wall weight) transmitted from the assembled wall composed of the prefabricated wall panel is transmitted through the structural support member 1-1.
- the assembled wall For the main structure of the building; the assembled wall has the following installation structure, which is selected according to the convenience of construction, the needs of use and the installation location -
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 is mounted on the structural support member 1-1, and the outer end of the structural support member 1-1 has no thermal insulation layer (Fig. 6 to Fig. 8, Fig. 14 to Fig. 20, Fig. 22), or structure
- the outer end of the supporting member 1-1 has an insulating layer (Fig. 21, Fig. 22, when the prefabricated wall panel 15 is a composite insulating wall panel);
- This configuration is such that, for the prefabricated wall panel 15 located at the window partition and the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the wall without the opening, the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated wall panel 15 are connected to the upper and lower slabs.
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 for the under wall of the window can also be mounted on the structural support member 1-], see Fig. 4, m 25;
- the end of the prefabricated wall panel 15 is provided with a notch 10, and the position of the notch 10 corresponds to the partially arranged structural support member 1-1; Structure, if the end of the prefabricated wall panel 15 has no gap 10, the thermal insulation wall material between the structural support members 1-1 needs to be layered and installed on site, which increases the wet operation during construction and is troublesome.
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the lower wall of the window can also be directly connected to the side of the beam and the board of the main structure of the building (the installation is not required to be installed on the structural support member 1-1, and the installation is simpler).
- the provocation does not support the prefabricated wall panel of the lower wall of the window, but the assembled wall is connected and integrated as a whole, and the weight of the assembled wall also acts on the structural support member;
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 is connected to the beam slab column of the main structure 1 of the building and the outer side surface of the shear wall; when the connecting surface of the main structure of the building main structure 1 is small, the connection surface is not satisfied, or when the outer surface of the beam is located inside the column, Additional abutments 1-3, the additional abutments 1-3 are essentially part of the building body structure 1, and the additional abutments 1-3 are built
- the beam plate of the main structure 1 is extended in the vertical direction; the prefabricated wall panel 5 is placed on the outer side of the additional abutment 1-3, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 is connected with the additional abutment 1-3, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 is
- the additional abutment 1-3 connection is connected to the building body structure 1, for example the vertical concrete slabs of Figures 17 and 20 are additional abutments 1-3.
- additional abutting members 1-3 need to be provided; or a concrete structural column can be provided, which is mostly used for high layer height.
- the additional abutment 1 -3 is a concrete additional abutment and a steel additional abutment (Fig. 19 is a vertical steel frame column installed, and the steel skeleton column needs to be connected with the main structure of the building) Meet the anchorage connection conditions.), or composite members of concrete and insulation materials (such as composite beams, composite columns, not shown), or attached to the wood skeleton, etc. (not drawn, applied to bamboo frames, wood frames structure).
- the prefabricated wall panels 15 are connected to each other to form a common assembled wall installed on the side of the main structure of the building; the main structure 1 of the building is formed by prior construction (that is, the main body of the building has been formed before the prefabricated wall panel 15 is installed)
- the structure, or the main structure of the building 1 is a side plate template of the prefabricated wall panel 15 as the main structure 1 of the building, and is installed synchronously with the assembled wall; or part of the main structure 1 of the building is formed by prior construction (such as construction first) Column), part of the main structure of the building 1 is a side panel of the prefabricated wall panel 15 as the main structure of the building, and is installed synchronously with the assembled wall (such as the outer side of the concrete beam, the vertical concrete slab at the edge of the balcony panel is a prefabricated wall)
- the plate is cast as a formwork, Figure 20; the concrete beam can be all cast-in-situ beams or pre-fabricated beams, and the upper part of the prefabricated composite beam is cast-on-
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 is made of various prefabricated thermal insulation wall panels; for example: 1), the prefabricated wall panel 15 is a light composite thermal insulation wall panel, and various materials of the lightweight composite thermal insulation wallboard are integrated to form an integral force-receiving component. (The drawings all show the use of composite insulation wall panels, due to light weight, energy-saving insulation, easy installation, low price, recommended for use); 2), or prefabricated wall panels with inner leaves, outer leaf concrete and intermediate insulation Relying on the cable-stayed steel bar connection, the deformation between the layers is distorted, and the prefabricated wall panel which does not meet the requirements of material mechanics as a whole force member (ie, the architectural standard design atlas "precast concrete wall panel" 08SJ1 10-2 , 08SG333 structure, or similar structure), due to heavy weight, poor energy saving, not recommended; 3), or for lightweight aggregate concrete slab (slightly better than ordinary concrete slab), lightweight concrete slab (such as rice husk Coagulation, foamed concrete), and plant straw boards, paper honeycomb panels, etc.
- the lightweight composite thermal insulation wall panel is composed of an insulation layer 3, a protective layer 8, and a mesh tensile material 5;
- the thermal insulation layer 3 is an inorganic or organic thermal insulation material, such as a polymer thermal insulation material.
- the heat insulating layer 3 is the same heat insulating material, or the heat insulating layer 3 at different positions is different heat insulating materials (for example, partially phenolic resin or thermal insulating mortar, and other parts are EPS plates), and the heat insulating layer 3 may be provided with reinforcing ribs. Or no reinforcing ribs (the reinforcing ribs can increase the rigidity of the wallboard, and the reinforcing ribs are provided with steel bars or no steel bars.
- the protective layer 8 is a layer of cement mortar or concrete, the protective layer 8, or a modified or modified cement mortar mixtures
- the protective layer 8 or the protective layer 8 is a calcium silicate board or a cement fiber board;
- the outer surface of the protective layer 8 is a flat surface, or the outer surface of the protective layer 8 is a rough surface;
- the protective layer 8 is located on both sides of the heat insulating layer 3
- the insulating layer 3 is connected to the protective layer 8; the thickness of the protective layer 8 at different positions may be different (for example, the protective layer 8 is thinned at the edge of the prefabricated insulating wallboard, FIG.
- the mesh tensile material 5 is located in the protective layer 8, or the alkali-resistant mesh or basalt fiber mesh can be adhered to the surface of the protective layer 8, and the mesh tensile material 5 can be selected with one or At the same time, a plurality of installations are selected, or a reinforced mesh tensile material 5 is partially provided : or the prefabricated wall panel 15 is a steel mesh cement sandwich panel: the outer surface of the prefabricated wall panel 15 may be provided with a decorative layer or not It is provided with a decorative layer; when the height of the floor is high and there are two rows of windows on each floor, the prefabricated wall panel 15 is connected to the wall between the two sides of the window, which is an assembled wall between the upper and lower rows of windows in the same floor. A bonding connection is required, and horizontal reinforcement is attached to the upper and lower sides of the window. That is, there is no main structure of the
- Embodiment 2 Referring to FIG. 18, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the concrete slab 1-2 of the assembly type replaces the structural support member 1-1; the prefabricated wall panel 15 is installed on the concrete slab 1 - 2 (the concrete slab includes the base plate protruding outward);
- the joints between the prefabricated wall panels 15 are of the following two configurations, either one or the other, or different configurations at different locations (Fig. 29, at the outer end of the prefabricated wall panel or along the entire length of the gap):
- the bonding material 16 has the function of transmitting internal force, and the prefabricated wall panels 15 can work together (the internal force can be transmitted under the condition of reliable bonding, and the prefabricated wall panels 15 can form a common Forced component of work);
- elastic sealant 9 does not have the function of transmitting internal force (only waterproof, windproof, not recommended, not recommended, or there are beams and columns on the inside of the joint can be used.).
- concrete slab 1-2 includes floor, base and balcony panels.
- Embodiment 3 Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 and FIG. 17 to FIG. 20, the difference between the present embodiment and the first or second embodiment is that the connection between the assembled wall and the building main structure 1 of the present embodiment is as follows. Choose one or more of them to connect -
- a mesh tensile material 5 is also provided in the cementing material of the bonding end.), or A mesh-shaped tensile material 5 is disposed in the bonding surface between the upper and lower prefabricated wall panels 15; thereby connecting the mesh-shaped tensile material 5 in the bonding surface with the indoor side protective layer 8, and the mesh tensile material 5 It is connected to the main structure 1 of the building, or the mesh tensile material 5 connects the upper and lower prefabricated wall panels 15.
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the protective layer of the bonding surface of the building main structure 1 may be connected to the building main structure 1 by means of a pre-embedded iron member.
- the anchor bolts are installed in the following situations, depending on the use:
- the anchor bolts of the drawings of the present invention are all represented as nail-type plastic anchor bolts, which are recommended for use.
- the nail-type plastic anchor does not increase heat transfer, and the prefabricated wall panel can be fixed immediately. The installation speed is fast, the price is low, the connection strength can meet the requirements, the cost is reduced, the heat transfer is not increased, and the durability of the polyethylene plastic anchor is improved.
- the nail-type plastic anchor bolt produced by Sichuan Nanshan Shine Fastening Equipment Co., Ltd.; if the steel anchor bolt is made of stainless steel, the cost is high and the heat transfer is increased.
- the inner and outer ends of the anchor bolt 20 should have enlarged ends or hooks.
- the anchor bolt 20 is passed through the prefabricated wall panel 15, and one end of the anchor bolt 20 to enlarge the end or the hook is pre-buried in the concrete of the main structure of the building, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the main structure of the building are to be solidified after the concrete is solidified.
- ⁇ pull can also be pulled with basalt steel, carbon fiber anchors.
- the nail-type plastic anchor bolt 20 can penetrate the steel plate of not more than 8mm, and is connected with the steel plate. If the steel structure thickness is greater than 8mm, the additional steel plate can be spliced on the steel structure, and the nail type can be attached. The plastic anchor 20 is connected to an additional steel plate.
- the protective layer at the bonding surface between the prefabricated wall panel and the beam and the shear wall, and the protective layer at the joint may be partially thinned or not thinned.
- the protective layer near the joint is partially thinned, which is convenient for the joints to be leveled after the joints are adhered to the joints. It is determined according to the different exterior decoration and convenient installation.
- Embodiment 4 Referring to FIG. 5, FIG. 10, FIG. 28, and FIG. 31, the difference between this embodiment and one of the embodiments to the third embodiment is that the present embodiment adds the steel bar 6 and the steel hoop 2, or adds the pre-formed strip.
- 15-1 (Prefabricated strip 15-1 is for the installation of steel bars. When two steel bars are installed at the joints of prefabricated wall panels 15, it is more convenient to install the steel bars in the prefabricated strips 15-1. Is there any prefabricated strip? The board needs to be determined according to the construction plan, the number of steel bars installed at the joints of the prefabricated wall panels, etc.
- the prefabricated strips are also prefabricated wallboards, which are narrow strips.);
- prefabricated strips 15-1 When prefabricated strips 15-1 are provided, prefabricated strips 15- 1 is located between the prefabricated wall panels 15, the structural support member 1-1 or the concrete slab 1-2 supports both the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the prefabricated slats 15-1, the prefabricated slab 15-1 and the building The outer side of the main structure 1 is connected;
- the reinforcing bar 6 comprises a longitudinal reinforcing bar 6-1 and a horizontal reinforcing bar or a curved reinforcing bar 6-2, or the reinforcing bar 6 is a ring-shaped reinforcing bar (not shown) disposed around the opening of the door and window;
- the longitudinal reinforcing bar 6-1 comprises an outdoor longitudinal reinforcing bar 6- 1-1 and indoor longitudinal steel bars 6-1-2
- the horizontal steel bars or curved steel bars 6-2 include outdoor horizontal steel bars or curved steel bars 6-2-1, indoor horizontal steel bars or curved steel bars 6-2-2 :
- the steel hoop 12 pulls the indoor and outdoor steel bars 6 (the steel hoop 12 can be a double limb hoop or a single limb hoop);
- the longitudinal reinforcement 6-1 is located in the protective layer of the vertical joint of the prefabricated wall panel 15 or the longitudinal reinforcement 6-1 is located in the indoor and outdoor protective layer 8 of the prefabricated strip 15-1;
- the steel bars 6 located indoors and outdoors are 1 steel bar or 1 steel bar in parallel (the steel bar can be connected between the two steel bars in parallel or not, or 2 bars in parallel) Welded steel plate or block-shaped steel on steel bars.);
- steel bars 6 shall be provided on the side of the door and window openings, horizontal steel bars or curved steel bars 6-2 shall be provided at the window sills, or above the door and window openings.
- horizontal steel bars or curved steel bars 6-2, or horizontal steel bars 6-2 Fig.
- longitudinal reinforcement 6-1 is provided in the protective layer 8 of the prefabricated wall panel 15 (Fig. 32, when the horizontal load is large, or the layer height is high, and the column spacing is large, the number of reinforcements needs to be increased; and Fig. 4 When the lower wall of the window of Figure 25 is long, longitudinal reinforcement 6-1 may be located in the middle of the prefabricated wall panel of the lower wall of the window.
- the prefabricated wall panels 15 are interconnected, or / and the prefabricated wall panel 15 is joined to the prefabricated panels 15-1.
- the longitudinal reinforcement inside and outside the prefabricated strip is fixed to the main structure of the building, and does not necessarily need to be fixed by anchor bolts.
- Prefabricated wall panels under the window 15 Generally, there is no need to install steel bars in the protective layer, or the number of installed steel bars is small, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 25.
- the prefabricated strips 15-1 located on both sides of the opening shall be pre-embedded with iron or steel bars 6-3 connected to the horizontal reinforcement of the window, see Figure 31.
- the outer end of the structural support member 1-1 is not insulated (Fig. 22).
- the steel bar 6 may or may not be provided.
- the hole is inside and outside.
- the protective layer 8 has a mesh tensile material 5 connected to each other at the opening.
- the wall between the two windows of the assembled wall shown in Figure 30 is very narrow, and the design of the window wall can be partially thickened to form a window wall that resembles a composite wall column. Formed with a wall pillar protruding outward, the composite pilaster should have an extended provocation support.
- the composite wall column can also protrude into the room.
- the composite wall column is both a wall and a column, so it is not necessary to provide a vertical additional abutment such as a steel frame in the room. 6.
- the height of the window epithelium is the same as that of the beam, it is not necessary to set indoor horizontal steel bars or curved steel bars.
- the steel hoops are directly connected with the beams (the nails can be nailed on the beams, and the stainless steel wires are tied with the steel nails, see Figure 20).
- Embodiment 5 The present embodiment differs from Embodiments 1 to 4 in that the assembled wall of the present embodiment is connected to the main structure 1 of the building to take the first anti-corrosion measures of items 1) to 5), or to take the sixth step. ) Anti-corrosion measures:
- the insulation layer 3 with the position of the steel bar 6 is partially thinned, and the thickness of the protective layer 8 is increased (Fig. 6 to Fig. 8, Fig. 14, Fig. 29 to Fig. 32); or the thickness of the insulation layer 3 is not reduced,
- the outer side increases the thickness of the protective layer 8 of the steel bar 6 (Fig. 28); the reinforcing bar 6, the embedded iron piece and the weld bead are all under the protection of the alkaline protective layer 8, and the thickness of the protective layer 8 satisfies the anti-corrosion requirement;
- the operation space of the joints meets the thickness requirements of the protective layer 8 after the connection Or the main structure 1 and the structural support 1-1 at the joint with the longitudinal reinforcement 6-1 are post-cast concrete or cement polymer concrete, and the longitudinal reinforcement 6-1 is located in the protection of the alkaline material, the protective layer The thickness of 8 meets the requirements;
- the steel hoop 12 passing through the heat insulating layer 3 satisfies the anti-corrosion requirement (the stainless steel soft drawn steel wire with ⁇ 2.0, ⁇ 2.5 or ⁇ 3 is most suitable as the anti-shear stirrup, for example, the austenite of 0Crl8Ni9
- the stainless steel ⁇ 2.0 stainless steel soft tension wire is only 60% of the ⁇ 6 steel bar, which can meet the anti-shearing requirements and has little heat transfer.
- many fabricated walls pass through the non-alkaline insulation layer. Steel hoops and diagonally-stretched steel bars are only ordinary steel materials and do not meet the anti-corrosion requirements.);
- the protective layer 8 within a certain range around the steel bars 6 and the weld is cement polymer mortar or cement polymer concrete, or cement polymer mortar. Or cement polymer coagulation ⁇ also added silica ash to meet the anti-corrosion requirements.
- Embodiment 6 Referring to FIG. 29 and FIG. 51 to FIG. 54, the difference between this embodiment and one of the fifth embodiments is that the joint between the prefabricated wall panels 15 of the present embodiment is an elastic joint; and the prefabricated strip is provided.
- the joint between the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the prefabricated strip 15-1 is an elastic joint;
- the elastic joint has an adhesive material 16, and the bonding material 16 bonds the adjacent prefabricated wall panel 15 , or / and bonding material 16 will prefabricate the wall panel 15 and the prefabricated panel 15-1
- the bonding material 16 can transmit internal force, so that the assembled wall forms a common force-receiving member, and the bonding material 16 at the joint also has the ability to adapt to a certain deformation (for example, the ability to adapt to deformation under temperature) And the ability to deform under load) to form an elastic joint construction of a fabricated wall.
- the joint is a joint that can transmit internal force, including elastic joints and non-elastic joints.
- Non-elastic joints are suitable for areas where temperature difference is not intense), but all need adhesive joints, and the bond strength meets the requirements. Pass the internal force.
- it is not an elastic joint-assembled wall, it can be integrated.
- cracks are likely to occur. When the crack exceeds a certain level, the internal force cannot be transmitted, which affects the durability of the building.
- the assembled wall of the elastic joint structure is adapted to the temperature and internal force deformation, and the assembled wall has good durability.
- the bonding material 16 at the joint is an elastic bonding material 16-1 (such as cement polymer elastic mortar or cement polymer elastic insulation mortar bonding): or the seam is close to the temperature change side (usually the room)
- the outer side) the bonding material 16 of the seam of a certain length is the elastic bonding material 16-1, and the side where the temperature does not change much (usually the indoor side).
- the bonding material 16 of the seam is the non-elastic bonding material 16-2 (If the cement polymer mortar is made of synthetic resin adhesive with a glass transition temperature of 0 Q C or more, there is no elasticity); this is also an elastic joint, because as long as the temperature is changed, the seam on one side is elastic seam, the assembled wall The body can adapt to the deformation caused by temperature changes.
- thermo insulation bridge structure near the middle of the joint (Fig. 53, Fig. 54, suitable for heating areas), for example, the adjacent prefabricated wall panel 15 insulation layer at the joint 3
- the elastic thermal insulation material 3-1 is installed at the notch position, the elastic thermal insulation material 3-1 is inserted into the notch of the insulation layer 3 on both sides, or the elastic thermal insulation material 3-1 is intermittently arranged, and the air interlayer insulation is formed in the middle, and the above is formed.
- Elastic insulation material 3-1 can be selected from ethylene propylene foam, polyethylene soft foam plastic and EPS board.
- the adjacent heat insulating layers 3 are not connected to each other in the heat insulating bridge structure position, as long as the adjacent heat insulating layers 3 are bonded to each other within a certain length within the seam and outside the joint length is not less than a certain length, the joint can still transmit the internal force;
- the cross-sectional shape of the joint is a tongue-and-groove shape or a stepped connection (Fig. 51);
- the protective layer 8 on both sides of the joint or on the side where the temperature changes intensely is plastered as a resilient cement polymer mortar 8-2, and the elastic cement polymer mortar 8-2 will
- the mesh tensile material 5 is adhered to the adjacent prefabricated wall panel 15 or the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the prefabricated strip 15-1 (Fig. 29, Fig. 5) to Fig. 54);
- the elastic sealant 9 can be installed in the following two positions.
- the elastic cement polymer mortar 8-2 is sandwiched with a mesh tensile material 5, and the outer end of the slit is provided with an elastic sealant 9 for adhesive sealing (applicable to the outdoor wall of the assembled wall, 51, Figure 53, Figure 54).
- the outermost elastic sealant 9 can form a groove-shaped decorative seam or a groove-free decorative seam.
- Embodiment 7 This embodiment differs from one of Embodiments 1 to 6 in that the present embodiment is further increased. Add the following fire protection measures, choose one or more of them as needed:
- the protective layer 8 of the assembled wall meets the fire protection requirements
- the hole protection layer 8-1 is the door and window hole fire isolation zone
- the hole protection layer 8-1 meets the fire prevention requirements
- the assembled wall door and window opening is the heat insulation broken bridge hole
- the hole protection layer 8-1 is formed, such as thermal insulation mortar, rock wool or aluminum silicate board
- the hole protection layer is cement mortar or concrete plaster layer, or modified Cement mortar or modified concrete plaster layer, forming a thermal bridge opening;
- the thickness of the protective layer of the prefabricated wallboard is generally 25mm (excluding the protective layer of the steel bar), which can meet the fire resistance limit of about 1 hour, and the thickness of the protective layer is adjusted according to the fire protection requirements.
- a protective layer 8 at the outer end of the anchor bolt 20 or on the surface of the fireproof material, or the protective layer 8 at the outer end of the bolt 20 is a protective layer that meets the fireproof requirements, such as a thermal insulating mortar or foamed glass outside the outer cover of the anchor bolt or Asbestos board, increase fire performance, make anchor 20 meet fire protection requirements;
- Anchor bolts located within a certain range around the entrance should adopt this fire prevention measure
- the fire insulation insulation belt 11 is non-combustible or flame retardant insulation material (such as thermal insulation mortar, rock wool, etc.), or cement mortar or concrete , or modified cement mortar or modified concrete; etc.;
- the fire barriers 11 are provided in the following two ways, depending on the use: 1. Set horizontal fire barriers between the layers; 2. Prefabricated wall panels 15 Vertical fire barriers are arranged in the vertical joints; forming a closed fire partition structure;
- the thermal insulation material in the elastic expansion joint 30 of the standard construction drawing is rock wool, which is the vertical fire isolation belt, see (1) in Figure 39 and (1) in Figure 40;
- the protective layer of the steel bar 6 meets the fire protection requirements, and the embedded parts (such as the pre-embedded steel bars) which are arranged on the main structure 1 of the building and connected with the longitudinal steel bars 6-1 meet the fireproof requirements (for example, when the planting bar is installed and supported, It is allowed to use organic chemical glue to implant the ribs, and the inorganic chemical glued ribs are applied; the protective layer can be filled in the periphery of the support, so that the support can meet the fireproof requirements and meet the corrosion protection requirements, as shown in Fig. 27. If there is no support, then there is no such Fire protection construction requirements);
- the insulation strip installed on the outside of the door and window frame meets the fire protection requirements, such as the insulation mortar, or the thickness of the insulation layer of the insulation strip.
- Embodiment 8 The difference between this embodiment and one of the first to seventh embodiments is that when the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the assembled wall of the present embodiment is a light composite thermal insulation wall panel, the protective layer 8 of the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the thermal insulation layer
- the following connection structure is adopted between the layers 3, and one of the following, or a plurality of combinations, is selected according to the use requirements (such as temperature difference change requirements, etc.), as shown in Fig. 47 to Fig. 50:
- a groove is provided on one side or both sides of the heat insulating layer 3, a cement polymer mortar 4 is present in the groove, cement cement mortar 4 is bonded to the heat insulating layer 3, and the cement polymer mortar 4 and the heat insulating layer are 3 outside has a protective layer 8, the protective layer 8 is bonded to the cement polymer mortar 4 and the insulating layer 3, see Figure 47, Figure 48;
- cement polymer mortar is elastic cement polymer sand paddle or inelastic cement polymer mortar
- the bonding interface between the protective layer 8 and the insulating layer 3 is a cement silica fume polymer cement interface agent containing silica fume, or silica ash added to the cement polymer mortar 4;
- the cement polymer mortar is a resilient cement polymer mortar or a non-elastic cement polymer mortar.
- Cement Polymer mortar 4 uses elastic cement polymer mortar to adapt to deformation.
- an assembled wall body of the present embodiment is composed of a main structure of the building 1, a prefabricated wall panel 15, a steel bar 6, a steel hoop 12 and a sliding shock absorbing member 2;
- the main structure 1 of the building is a beam-slab column wall and a foundation.
- the main structure of the building is a concrete frame structure, a steel-concrete frame structure, a frame-shear structure, a steel tube concrete structure, a steel frame structure, a mixed frame structure of concrete and steel, and a steel wood.
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 is installed on the concrete slab 1-2 of the main structure 1 of the building, and the concrete slab 1-2 supports the prefabricated wall panel 15; the outer end of the concrete slab 1-2 has no thermal insulation layer (the outer end has a thermal insulation layer structure) Construction troubles;; the above-mentioned two kinds of structures between the assembled wall and the column or shear wall of the main structure 1 of the building, with the application -
- the upper end or the lower end of the prefabricated wall panel 15 is connected with the outer side of the beam plate of the main structure 1 of the building to form a fixed end of the assembled wall, and the other end is a sliding end; the prefabricated wall panel 15 is not connected with the column or the shear wall;
- the elastic sealing material may be installed on the edge of the gap between the assembled wall and the column of the main structure of the building, as shown in Fig. 42 and Fig. 43;
- the additional abutting members 1-3 are provided, and the additional abutting members 1-3 are substantially the main structure of the building 1
- a part of the additional abutment 1-3 is a vertical extension of the beam plate of the main structure 1 of the building;
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 is placed outside the additional abutment 1-3, and the upper or lower end of the prefabricated wall panel 15 is attached
- the abutting members 1-3 are connected, and the prefabricated wall panel 15 is connected with the additional abutting members 1-3 to be connected with the main structure 1 of the building:
- the additional abutting members 1-3 are concrete additional abutting members, steel additional abutting members, Or a composite member of concrete and insulation material;
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 is connected to the outer side of the column or shear wall of the main structure 1 of the building, and the elastic expansion joint 30 is provided on the side of the column or the shear wall (the elastic expansion joint is located within a certain distance from the side of the column or the side of the column)
- the length of the prefabricated wallboard shall not be connected to the beam outside the column, Figure 39, Figure 40); this structure shall be used in the structural settlement joint, temperature expansion joint and the angle of the male corner and the negative corner; other positions shall be 1) structure.
- the sliding shock absorbing member 2 is located on the contact surface of the assembled wall sliding end with the concrete slab 1-2 of the building main structure 1 (as shown in Fig. 18, the assembled wall body is provided with the sliding shock absorbing member 2 a slip-on assembled wall.); at the end of the prefabricated wall panel 15 there is a sliding shock absorbing member 2: or the end of the prefabricated wall panel 15 has a part of the sliding shock absorbing member 2, the sliding shock absorbing member The remaining part of 2 is located on the concrete slab 1-2 of the main structure 1 of the building;
- the reinforcing bar 6 comprises a longitudinal reinforcing bar 6-1 and a horizontal reinforcing bar or a curved reinforcing bar 6-2;
- the longitudinal reinforcing bar 6-1 comprises an outdoor longitudinal reinforcing bar 6-1-1 and an indoor longitudinal reinforcing bar 6-1-2, said level Reinforced or curved steel bars 6-2 including outdoor water Flat steel bar or curved steel bar 6-2-1, indoor horizontal steel bar or curved steel bar 6-2-2; longitudinal steel bar 6-1 is located in the indoor and outdoor protective layer 8 of the vertical joint of the prefabricated wall panel 15, the steel hoop 12 will Indoor and outdoor steel bars 6 are pulled, or longitudinal steel bars 6-1 are also arranged in the protective layer 8 of the prefabricated wall panels 15 (Fig. 32);
- the indoor longitudinal steel bar 6-1-2 at the fixed end of the fabricated wall is connected to the main structure 1 of the building, and the outdoor longitudinal steel bar 6-1-1 is connected to the concrete slab 1-2 of the main structure 1 of the building;
- the other end of the 1 - 2 and the outdoor longitudinal reinforcing bar 6-1-1 is connected to the sliding shock absorbing member 2;
- the vertical joint between the prefabricated wall panels 15 shall be constructed according to the structure of the settlement joint.
- the vertical joints between the remaining prefabricated wall panels 15 have the following two connection structures, either one of the options, or at the same time, or different joints at different positions (Fig. 29):
- the bonding material 16 has the function of transmitting internal force, and the prefabricated wall panels 15 can work together (the internal force can be transmitted under the condition of reliable bonding, and the material between the prefabricated wallboards 15 can be formed) Forced members working together);
- elastic sealant 9 does not have the function of transmitting internal force (only waterproof, windproof, not recommended, or there may be beams and columns on the inside of the joint);
- the prefabricated wall panels 15 are joined to form a slidable assembled wall that is mounted on the side of the main structure of the building and that can accommodate deformation between the columns and beams of the building body structure 1.
- the steel bars 6 located indoors and outdoors are 1 steel bar or 2 steel bars in parallel (the steel bars can be connected between the two steel bars in parallel, or / and the steel plates or blocks are welded on the two steel bars in parallel Section steel.);
- the side of the door and window opening should be provided with steel bars 6, horizontal steel bars or curved steel bars 6-2 at the window sills, or horizontal steel bars or curved steel bars 6-2 above the door and window openings, or There are also horizontal steel bars 6-2 (Fig. 3) in other positions, horizontal steel bars or curved steel bars 6-2 are connected with longitudinal steel bars 6-1; steel hoops 12 pull the indoor and outdoor steel bars 6 (steel hoop 12 can be Double limb hoop or single limb hoop);
- the longitudinal reinforcement 6-1 of the slidable assembled wall should not be a key rib, because the single steel bar is not easy to coincide with the center of the sliding member, and the two steel bars are easy to coincide with the center of the sliding member. .
- the slip shock absorbing member 2 can have the following configuration:
- the sliding shock absorbing member 2 includes a sliding member 2-1, a steel chute 2-2, a damping rubber pad 2-3, and a damping between the sliding member 2-1 and the steel chute 2-2 Rubber pad 2-3 (Fig. 45, Fig. 46); Sliding member 2-1 is located at the sliding end of prefabricated wall panel 15, steel chute 2-2 is installed in concrete 1-2, and damping rubber pad 2 -3 is installed in steel chute 2-2; this configuration is recommended.
- the shock absorbing rubber pad of this structure has a large bearing area and a good sealing, and is advantageous for shock absorption and durability.
- part of the component sliding member 2-1 constituting the sliding shock absorbing member 2 is mounted on the sliding end of the assembled wall, and the other part of the steel sliding chute 2-2 and the damping rubber pad 2-3 are mounted on the assembled wall.
- Fixed end of the body, slipper of the sliding end 2-1 can be slipped along the fixed end of the steel chute 2-2 and the damping rubber pad 2-3;
- the steel chute 2-2 and the damping rubber 2-3 are limiters, which can limit the assembled wall in Sliding inside the steel chute 2-2;
- the sliding member 2-1 can also be a damping rubber wheel or a spring cushion, etc. (not shown);
- the g of the sliding shock absorbing member is set. Under the action of wind load or horizontal earthquake, the relative displacement between the sliding end of the assembled wall and the fixed end occurs, and the sliding member moves in the damping rubber pad of the steel chute. And ensure that the sliding end is located in the steel chute 2-2, the damping rubber pad plays a damping effect in three directions, that is, the embodiment is not only a slip-fit wall, but also in three directions Shock-assembled wall;
- an additional sliding limiter 4 is provided between the lower wall of the window and the floor (Fig. 35, Fig. 37), the additional sliding limiter 4 and the lower wall of the window and The beam structure of the main structure 1 of the building is fixed, and the additional sliding limiter 4 can slide along the lower wall of the window; the additional sliding limiter 4 has an angle steel 4-1 and a sliding hole 4-2 (angle steel 4 - The sliding hole on 1 should meet the horizontal slip requirement or meet the vertical slip requirement.
- Slip screw 4-5 (should be stainless steel bolt), anchor plate 4-6 on slip screw 4-5; slip screw 4-5 and decking 4-6 and anchoring of inner protective layer of assembled wall (Fig. 37 Bonded with structural adhesive, or the local protective layer at anchor plates 4-6 is thickened and anchored together; Angle steel 4-1 is fixed with the beam or plate of building main structure 1 by anchor bolts 4-7; Sliding screw 4 5 through the steel gasket 4-3, the slip sheet 4-4, the sliding hole 4-2 and the assembled wall, the two ends of the nut fixed; the slip screw 4-5 can be in the angle steel sliding hole 4-2 Sliding inside.
- the slip-fit assembled wall is not the external wall panel of the precast concrete wall panel in the background art, and the slip-fit wall thickness does not act on the additional slip limiter 4, so the additional slip limit
- the force applied to the positioner 4 is far less than the force on the cow's leg or section steel on the 39th page of the atlas. It only acts as a limit and satisfies the slip, and the installation is simple; the slip-fit wall should not be assembled into a belt.
- the large wall panel of the opening is installed because it is difficult to accurately align the sliding member with the chute.
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 is installed on the side of the main structure 1 of the building, or the prefabricated wall panel 15 is used as a side template of the main structure 1 of the building, and is installed and installed synchronously with the assembled wall;
- the prefabricated wall panel 15 is a prefabricated thermal insulation wall panel of various structures; for example: 1), the prefabricated wall panel 15 is a light composite thermal insulation wall panel, and various materials of the light composite thermal insulation wall panel are integrated into one body to form an integral Force components (the drawings all show the use of composite insulation wall panels, due to light weight, energy-saving insulation, easy installation, low price, recommended); 2), or prefabricated walls with inner leaves, outer leaf concrete and intermediate insulation
- the board relying on the cable-stayed steel connection, the deformation between the layers is distorted, and the prefabricated wall panel which does not meet the requirements of material mechanics as a whole force-bearing component (ie, the architectural standard design atlas "precast concrete exterior wall panel" 08SJ110-2 , 08SG333 construction, or similar construction), due to heavy weight, poor energy saving, not recommended; 3), or for lightweight aggregate concrete slabs, lightweight concrete slabs (such as rice husk concrete, foamed concrete), and plants Straw board, paper honeycomb board, etc.;
- the lightweight composite thermal insulation wall panel is composed of an insulation layer 3, a protective layer 8, and a mesh tensile material 5;
- the thermal insulation layer 3 is an inorganic or organic thermal insulation material, such as a polymer thermal insulation material.
- the insulation layer 3 is the same
- the heat insulating material, or the heat insulating layer 3 at different positions is different heat insulating materials (for example, partially phenolic resin or thermal insulating mortar, and other parts are EPS plates), and the insulating layer 3 may be provided with reinforcing ribs or without reinforcing ribs. (Strength ribs can increase the rigidity of the wallboard, and the reinforcing ribs are provided with steel bars or no steel bars.
- the reinforcing ribs on the market are mostly magnesite cement, which is not durable); the mesh tensile material 5 is alkali resistant. a mesh or basalt fiber mesh or metal mesh; the protective layer 8 is a cement mortar or concrete layer, or the protective layer 8 is a modified cement mortar or a modified concrete layer, or the protective layer 8 is silicon ⁇ board, cement fiber board; the outer surface of the protective layer 8 is a plane, or the outer surface of the protective layer 8 is a rough surface; the protective layer 8 is located on both sides of the heat insulating layer 3, the heat insulating layer 3 is connected with the protective layer 8; The thickness of the protective layer 8 may be different (for example, the protective layer 8 is thinned at the edge of the prefabricated insulating wall panel, Figure 23 to Figure 25; when the reinforcing bar is provided, the reinforcing steel layer needs to be thickened with the protective layer 8, Fig.
- the pull material 5 is located in the protective layer 8, or alkali resistant
- the mesh or basalt fiber mesh may be adhered to the surface of the protective layer 8, and the mesh tensile material 5 may be selected from one or a plurality of installations at the same time, or partially provided with a reinforced mesh tensile material 5; or the prefabricated wall
- the plate 15 is a steel mesh cement sandwich panel; the outer surface of the prefabricated wall panel 15 may be provided with a decorative layer or without a decorative layer; the horizontal joints located outside the sliding shock absorbing member shall be provided with soft or elastic insulation. Material, or a smooth material on the insulation. The horizontal seam is sealed and kept warm without hindering the sliding between the upper and lower plates.
- the block facing material is installed on the outer side of the wall, the block facing material of the upper layer at the horizontal joint is extended, and the block facing material of the lower layer is shortened, that is, the level of the block facing material is used to cover the level.
- the water retaining cover 40 (see Figure 45) at the horizontal joint.
- the water retaining cover 40 is fixed to the edge of the upper protective layer of the horizontal joint (bonded with glue 3 ⁇ 4, and can be fixed with self-tapping screws) ), the cover covers the horizontal seam and extends downward;
- the lower end of the outer protective layer of the prefabricated wallboard is elongated to cover the upper end section of the lower prefabricated thermal insulation wallboard, that is, to cover the horizontal joint, but the prefabrication is troublesome.
- Whether or not to adopt a slip-fit wall is determined according to local seismic fortification intensity, building height, basic wind pressure, and importance of construction importance.
- the two assembled walls of the present invention can be applied to different parts of the building.
- Embodiment 10 The difference between this embodiment and the ninth embodiment is that the prefabricated strip 15-1 is added in the embodiment, the longitudinal reinforcing bars 6-1 are located in the prefabricated strip 15-1; and the prefabricated strip 15-1 is not pressed. More than a certain distance is arranged between the prefabricated wall panels 15, and there are prefabricated strips 15-1 on the side of the door and window openings:
- the longitudinal reinforcing bar 6-1 is located in the indoor and outdoor protective layer 8 of the prefabricated strip 15-1;
- the upper end or the lower end of the prefabricated strip 15-1 is fixed to the side of the beam plate of the main structure 1 of the building to form a fixed end of the assembled wall, and the other end is a sliding end; between the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the prefabricated strip 15-1 Interconnected (the joint between the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the prefabricated strip 15-1 is the same as the joint between the prefabricated wall panel 15 in the eighth embodiment); the end of the prefabricated strip 15-1 has a slip
- the shock absorbing member 2; or the end of the precast slat 15-1 has a part of the sliding damper member 2, and the remaining part of the slidable dam member 2 is located on the concrete slab 1-2.
- the prefabricated panel 15-1 is substantially a prefabricated wall panel 15, the prefabricated panel 15-1 is part of a fabricated wall, and the prefabricated panel 15-1 is used for installing reinforcing bars.
- the slip end or fixed of the prefabricated strip 15-1 The end is the sliding end or the fixed end of the assembled wall; the vertical joint between the prefabricated strip 15-1 and the prefabricated wall panel 15 is the vertical joint of the assembled wall, the vertical joint structure and the eighth embodiment
- the seams between the prefabricated wall panels 15 are identical in construction.
- Prefabricated lightweight composite insulation wall panels can be mechanized and prefabricated for production and health. It is inconvenient to install the sliding parts when machining the light composite insulation wallboard, it is difficult to install accurately, and affects the efficiency of processing the prefabricated wallboard by mechanical equipment; although it can be installed in the joints of the prefabricated wallboard 15 to install longitudinal steel bars 6-1 and slippery Move 2 - 1 , but wet jobs. Therefore, it is recommended to set the prefabricated strip 15-1 according to the embodiment, and it is most convenient to install the longitudinal reinforcing bar and the sliding piece in the prefabricated strip 15-1, and the position is easy to install accurately. It is convenient to pre-form the strip according to Fig. 31 and Fig. 41.
- Embodiment 11 This embodiment differs from Embodiment 9 or 10 in that the present embodiment adds a structural support member 1-1, and the structural support member 1-1 is connected to the main structure 1 of the structure, and the structural support member 1 -1 is an extension of the main structure 1 of the building in the horizontal direction (the structural support member 1-1 is substantially a part of the main structure 1 of the building); the structural support member 1-1 is a concrete plaque or a metal bearing Supporting parts (metal supports can be used when the main structure of the building is steel structure, concrete can be poured in the outer formwork of steel structure;), or provocation of wood or bamboo (when bamboo frame, wood frame structure), or And the structural support member 1-1 is a base plate; the structural support member 1-1 is continuously arranged or partially set (such as a continuous set of concrete provocations, or a partially set concrete provocation);
- Prefabricated wall panel 15, prefabricated strip 15-1 is placed on the structural support member 1-1;
- the upper end or the lower end of the prefabricated wall panel 15 or/and the prefabricated strip 15-1 is connected to the side of the main structure 1 of the building: the outdoor longitudinal reinforcing bar 6-1-1 located at the fixed end of the assembled wall is connected with the structural receiving member 1-1; There is a sliding shock absorbing member 1 at the end of the prefabricated strip 15-1, or the end of the prefabricated strip 15-1 has a part of the sliding shock absorbing member 2, and the rest of the sliding shock absorbing member 2 is located in the structure Support 1-1.
- the end of the prefabricated wall panel 15 is provided with a notch 10, and the position of the notch 10 corresponds to the partially disposed structural support member 1-1; or the end of the prefabricated wall panel 15 There is no gap 10, but there are many wet jobs on the site and the construction is troublesome; the provocation at the installation of the sliding shock absorbing member needs to be thickened (Fig. 33, Fig. 36).
- the structural support member is arranged to facilitate the installation of the assembled wall outside the beam and column of the main structure 1 of the building, which is more convenient for construction, and has better energy saving and heat preservation. .
- the outdoor insulation wall requires structural support, but as shown in Figure 18, the structural support is not required because the concrete slab 1-2 supports the prefabricated wall.
- the side of the steel chute 2-2 has a structural support member 1-1 or a concrete slab 1 - 2 (for mounting the prefabricated wall panel 15), and the steel chute 2-2 is connected to the main structure 1 of the building. (ie with structural support 1 -1 or concrete slab
- the end of the slip wall of the assembled wall is provided with a sliding member 2-1, and the sliding member 2-1 corresponds to the position of the steel chute 2-2;
- the steel chute 2-2 in the sliding shock absorbing member 2 can also be directly connected to the main structure 1 of the building, or can be connected to the structural support members 1-1 - one side, that is, the steel chute 2-2 That is, the structural support member 1-1, see Fig. 45, Fig. 46; or conversely, the sliding member 2-1 of the sliding shock absorbing member 2 is installed on the concrete slab 1-2 of the main structure 1 of the building or mounted on the structural bearing On the carrier 1-1, that is, the sliding member 2-1 is the structural support member 1- 1 , the steel chute 2-2 and the shock absorbing rubber
- the glue 2-3 is located at the end of the prefabricated strip 15-1; as long as the mounting structure allows relative displacement between the sliding member 2-1 and the steel chute 2-2 and the damping rubber 2-3.
- Figure 45 and Figure 46 show the vertical holes in the damping rubber pad. After the damping rubber pad is pressed, there is room for lateral expansion, which acts as a shock absorber. There are thermal insulation materials such as aluminum silicate cotton felt and rock wool 3-1 on both sides of the damping rubber.
- This embodiment can be applied not only to the outer wall but also to the sliding shock absorbing inner wall (for example, as shown in Fig. 18, which becomes a slidable assembled wall), and the sliding damper inner wall can be installed under the beam. If the sliding shock absorbing members are installed on the inner and outer walls of the building, the earthquake effect of the building must be greatly reduced.
- Embodiment 12 The difference between this embodiment and one of the ninety-first embodiments is that the connection between the fabricated wall and the main structure 1 of the building is as follows: one or more of the following methods are selected:
- the mesh material is also provided with a mesh tensile material 5; the mesh tensile material 5 is extended to be connected with the protective layer 8, and the mesh tensile material 5 is connected with the building main structure 1 (the mesh tensile material 5 and the main structure of the building) 1 bonding needs to meet the anchor length);
- prefabricated wall panel 15 and the protective layer of the prefabricated strip 15-1 and the main structure of the building can be embedded with iron pieces and connected to the main structure 1 of the building.
- Embodiment 13 This embodiment differs from one of Embodiments 9 to 12 in that the assembled wall is connected to the building main structure 1 and the anti-corrosion measures of the fifth embodiment are adopted, and the sliding shock absorbing member 2 is composed.
- the protective layer 8 in a certain range around the medium steel is cement polymer mortar or cement polymer concrete, or silica ash is added to the cement polymer mortar or cement polymer concrete to meet the anti-corrosion requirements.
- Embodiment 14 Fig. 29 and Fig. 51 to Fig. 54
- the difference between this embodiment and one of the ninth to thirteenth embodiments is that the present embodiment adopts the elastic joint structure of the sixth embodiment.
- Fifteenth Embodiment This embodiment differs from one of the nine to fourteenth embodiments in that the fireproof structure measures are added to the present embodiment, and the fireproof structure measures are selected in accordance with the seventh embodiment.
- Embodiment 16 The difference between this embodiment and one of the nine to fifteenth embodiments is that when the prefabricated wall panel 15 and the prefabricated panel 15-1 of the assembled wall of the present embodiment are light composite thermal insulation wall panels,
- the connection structure of the eighth embodiment is adopted between the protective layer 8 and the heat insulating layer 3.
- An assembled wall according to the present invention is an assembled wall installed on the side of the main structure of the building.
- the installation condition is that the side of the main structure of the building should meet a certain width, including connection with the side of the beam and the plate. If you do not meet the required width, you need to install additional abutments, such as vertical concrete slabs, steel skeleton columns or concrete construction columns on the side of the floor.
- additional abutments such as vertical concrete slabs, steel skeleton columns or concrete construction columns on the side of the floor.
- the outer end of the concrete slab 1-2 has a ⁇ 1-1 formed T-shaped, concrete of Fig. 20.
- the plate 1-2 is L-shaped
- Fig. 19 is an additional abutment for mounting a steel frame, and the prefabricated wall plate is attached to the additional abutment.
- the bottom of the prefabricated wall panel 15 of the lowermost assembled wall is installed on the side of the foundation beam panel 1-1, and the side of the foundation beam The installation, or the bottom surface of the prefabricated wall panel 15 is directly attached to the foundation beam panel.
- the prefabricated wall panel of the present invention 15.
- the protective layer of the prefabricated strip 15-1 is the protective layer of the assembled wall 8, but it is necessary to find the plaster when the construction error is large.
- the protective layer 8 is a modified cement mortar or a modified concrete layer, and includes the following meanings:
- the protective layer outside the outer end of the anchor bolt is thinner, about half of the thickness of the protective layer of the assembled wall, in order to ensure that the anchor bolt does not melt and break during the fire.
- the thermal insulation performance of the outer protective layer of the anchor bolt cover shall be locally enhanced, such as thermal insulation mortar protective layer, foamed glass, foamed ceramics and other inorganic thermal insulation materials.
- cementing materials of the third and twelfth embodiments such as: 1) cement mortar or cement polymer mortar.
- the cement polymer mortar has good water retention and high bonding strength, and is recommended for use; 2) Elastomeric sealant. The price is high, but the bonding strength is low, and the bonding strength is not satisfied.
- Polyurethane styrofoam can be used for bonding between insulation layers, but bonding strength and elasticity do not necessarily meet the requirements; 4), structural adhesive. High price, inconvenient operation, and poor elasticity are generally not suitable for application.
- ordinary assembled wall can be installed without wall reinforcement, and it can be a wall that does not meet the structural limit state (for example, the lightweight masonry infill wall is not calculated according to the structural formula), of course It is better to set the steel bars at the opening, which is convenient and reliable for fixing the windows, and can form a heat-insulated bridge structure, and becomes a wall with the same safety degree as the main structure of the building.
- the slidable assembled wall should be provided with steel bars, otherwise it is not convenient to install the sliding shock absorbing members.
- indoor and outdoor steel bars are usually symmetrically arranged, or one side can be parallel steel bars, the other side is a single steel bar, the steel hoops are triangularly connected; the vertical steel bars installing the slip-fit assembled wall should be symmetrically arranged, juxtaposed
- the steel plates installed on the two steel bars can be installed perpendicular to the wall as shown in Figure 31 or between two steel bars.
- the horizontal reinforcement can generally be 4 galvanized steel bars for easy connection to the steel bars on both sides.
- the horizontal reinforcing bar and the reinforcing bars on both sides of the opening are welded and connected to the connecting steel plate.
- Horizontal steel bars can only be located above and below the door and window openings. In other parts, such as Figure 13, when there are two parallel windows, the horizontal reinforcement between the two windows can be pulled through. When the window is curved, the arc insulation layer and the curved reinforcement are installed on site.
- the tensile strength of the EPS plate is between 0.15 ⁇ 0.24Mpa.
- O.lMpa the design value of the EPS tensile strength is taken as O.lMpa (for reference)
- the wall relies on the EPS board's own tensile strength to meet the shear resistance requirements.
- the steel hoop is only a structural setting.
- the anti-shear steel hoop should be set according to the structural design requirements, as shown in Figure 30. Considering the requirements for bending, shearing and normal use, it may be necessary to thicken the window wall to meet the structural limit state requirements.
- the design values of the soft tensile strength of ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2.5 and ⁇ 3 stainless steel wires are 1.4 ⁇ , 2.16 ⁇ and 3.1 ⁇ , respectively.
- the prefabricated wall panel is a light composite thermal insulation wall panel, and the various materials of the light composite thermal insulation wall panel are integrated to form an integral force-receiving member.
- the protective layer has a thickness of 25 mm
- the assembled wall has a light weight.
- the combined wind load value is 2 ⁇ 2.5 times of the combination of horizontal earthquake action and wind load.
- it is also a combination of wind load control. That is, when the seismic intensity is higher than the normal earthquake level, the fabricated wall itself is safe.
- the bending resistance can be increased by adjusting the thickness of the insulation layer and adjusting the specifications of the mesh tensile material.
- the mesh-like tensile materials can meet the bending design requirements of the assembled wall. Where the horizontal load is very large, such as a typhoon typhoon, the mesh tensile material may not meet the bending and reinforcement requirements, which requires the provision of longitudinal reinforcement in the prefabricated wall panel.
- Set the longitudinal steel bar to the following: 1) Set the steel bar at the weak point of the hole to meet the design requirements for the cross-section of the hole near the hole; 2) Install the wall hanging material to set the steel bar; 4) The slip-fit wall must be set Rebar.
- the assembled wall of the present invention meets the design requirements of the limit state, including:
- the normal use limit state design is the normal use limit state design.
- the test proves that: the thickness of the insulation layer EPS board is 140mni, the thickness of the protective layer of the cement mortar on both sides is 30mm, the thickness of the prefabricated wallboard is 200ram, and the span of the span is 3.0m.
- the composite insulating wall panel forms an integral force-bearing member, it is vertical. Under the action of 2.5KN/U1 2 , the deflection is only 3min. When the large span and horizontal load are large, the deformation value should be tested by test to control the deflection within the allowable range.
- mesh tensile material can replace steel applications.
- the alkali-resistance retention rate of alkali-resistant mesh is 75%, and the tensile strength of alkali-resistant mesh is about 60% of alkali retention.
- Table 4 The area of the steel that can be replaced by the alkali-resistant mesh cloth, and the assembled wall is a reinforcing wall.
- basalt wire and basalt cloth are well as basalt steel bars.
- basalt fiber webs woven with basalt filaments will appear.
- Basalt wire has excellent resistance to aging, high temperature, acid and alkali resistance, and excellent strength. Learning performance, basalt fiber mesh woven by basalt wire is bound to appear.
- Table 4 calculates the alternative steel area according to the steel tensile strength design value 210N/mm 2 .
- the elongation of the elastic bonding material ⁇ 16-1 at the seam is much smaller than that of the elastic sealant 9, and its elastic elongation is generally not more than 3%, which can meet the elastic joint bonding strength requirement, and can transmit the internal force, and It must be flexible and adapt to certain deformations.
- the elastic elongation of the elastic sealant 9 can be several times or even 10 times, and the higher the elongation, the lower the tensile strength.
- the elastic sealant 9 is not required to have a transmitting force, and the role of the elastic sealant 9 is as follows:
- the use of the elastomeric sealant 9 is a double insurance for seam processing.
- the thickness of the insulation layer needs to consider the following factors -
- Increasing the thickness of the insulation layer helps to meet bending and shear resistance and reduces bending deformation.
- the thickness of the permanent building wall should meet the requirements for use comfort.
- connection of the mesh tensile material of the present invention to the steel bar connection is achieved by the following method:
- the prefabricated strip When the prefabricated strip is installed, there is a longitudinal steel bar 6-1 in the prefabricated strip.
- the protective layer is applied on the outside of the prefabricated strip (the cement polymer elastic mortar is suitable), the mesh tensile material and the side prefabrication are installed.
- the wallboard is bonded and bonded to connect the prefabricated strip to the prefabricated wallboard, that is, the connection between the mesh tensile material and the reinforcing steel is bonded through the bonding material.
- the mesh tensile material is connected with the steel bars: plus the bonding material of the reinforcing materials when the steel bars are plastered.
- the steel bars on the side of the entrance should be pre-embedded with iron or steel bars 6-3 (Fig. M).
- the mounting steel sheets on the doors and windows are staggered and fixed to the connecting steel sheets 6-3 installed on the steel bars on the window side of Fig. 31.
- a thermal insulation strip should be installed on the outdoor side of the insulated bridge opening to cover the gap between the window frame and the wall.
- the bonding material 16 with low price and convenient construction is cement polymer mortar (elastic or non-elastic), cement polymer thermal insulation mortar (elastic or non-elastic), polyurethane styrofoam (different quality: some are elastic, Some are inelastic, some bond strength can meet the requirements, and some bond strengths do not meet the requirements).
- the elastic cement polymer mortar 8-2 is also the elastic bonding material 16-1 at the joint, but it is not only located at the joint of the prefabricated composite thermal insulation board 1, but also within the fixed range of the protective layer 8 at both ends of the joint. The range of the elastic bonding material is enlarged, and the deformation is better.
- the elastic cement polymer mortar 8-2 indicates that the elastic bonding material 16-1 is installed at a different position.
- the present invention can be insulated at the outer end of the structural support member (the structural support member is mostly provocative), but has the following problems:
- the outer side of the prefabricated wall panel 15 is located outside the structural support member 1-1 or the concrete slab 1-2, that is, the weight of the outer protective layer of the assembled wall is located on the structural support member 1-1 or the concrete slab
- support 1 -1-5 is required to support the hanging steel bars (Fig. 21, Fig. 22), and the weight of the outer protective layer is reinforced by the steel bars to increase the installation complexity;
- the concrete can be made of lightweight aggregate concrete.
- the prefabricated wall panel should be a light composite thermal insulation wall panel; when the wall is not energy-saving, the prefabricated wall panel can be a concrete slab, a lightweight concrete slab, etc., but it is not recommended to prefabricate
- the wall panel is a concrete slab.
- Embodiments 1 to 8 can also be applied to the shear wall structure. Although the cost of the prefabricated wallboard is increased, the engineering amount of the external protective layer plastering is reduced, and the labor expenditure is reduced, and Reduce the thermal conductivity of the insulation material. When applied to a shear wall structure, it is not necessary to set indoor reinforcement.
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Abstract
一种装配式墙体,梁柱外侧有承托预制墙板(15)的楼板或结构承托件(1-1),预制墙板(15)与梁柱侧面连接,形成普通装配式墙体;或者,梁柱外侧有承托预制墙板(15)的楼板或结构承托件(1-1),预制墙板(15)与梁侧面连接,预制墙板(15)与楼板或结构承托件(1-1)的水平接缝处安装滑移减震构件(2),建筑主体结构(1)发生层间位移时,装配式墙体可沿钢滑槽(2-2)发生水平位移,形成可滑移的装配式墙体。墙体节能保温效果以及抗震减震效果好。
Description
一种装配式墙体 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑中的一种装配式墙体, 特别是一种在建筑主体结构侧面安装的装 配式墙体。 背景技术
现有装配式墙体主要有两大类-
1、 构造简单的装配式墙体多为中间安装 C型钢, 两侧安装预制轻型保温墙板的 轻钢钢骨架的装配式墙体。
2、 重型装配式墙体是满足结构极限状态设计的装配式墙体, 如中国的建筑标准 设计图集《预制混凝土外挂墙板》 08SJl】0-2、 08SG333,其中第 16、 17、 32-35, 44-47 页的外墙混凝土挂板, 还如日本的外挂墙板。
当前装配式墙体存在问题是:
1、 第 1种装配式墙体是不满足极限状态设计要求的装配式墙体, 安全性差、 耐 久性差, 多不适应多层和高层建筑要求。 譬如:
1 )、 预制保温墙板与龙骨固定, 轻钢龙骨与上下楼面的锚固力多少?是未知数; 还有在预制保温板边上钉薄铁皮, 再将铁皮钉在建筑主体结构上连接安装预制保温 板, 这种连接可承受的拉力也是未知数, 只能用于风力不大的低层建筑中, 因此这种 装配式墙体内的耐碱网布或阻裂纤维仅是阻裂, 不是按结构设计公式确定的。 且连接 点的抗腐蚀性能差, 钉钉处首先腐蚀, 影响耐久性。
2 )、 型钢龙骨耗费钢材用量多, 钢材位置不合理。 因为钢材突出特点是抗拉强度 高, 对于非承重墙, 是承受风荷载和水平地震作用的受弯构件, 只有把钢材安装在构 件两侧才能充分发挥钢材的优势。 采用科学的连接构造, 装配式墙体的预制墙板可以 不借助龙骨与建筑主体结构固定, 而且其连接更为可靠, 是可以按结构公式计算的, 其安全度不低于建筑主体结构,且所用钢材数量远远低于第 1种中间安装 C型钢的装 配式墙体。
3 )、 龙骨两侧安装预制保温墙板, 墙体刚度比合为一层安装的预制保温板刚度差 得多。 刚度为弹性模量乘以惯性矩, 惯性矩为 bh3/12, 假定每层预制墙板高度为 1 , 惯 性矩为 bl3/12= b/12, 两层之和惯性矩就为 2 b/12; 而若合成一块预制墙板, 高度为 2, 两层之和惯性矩就为 8b/12, 两者刚度对比为 4倍。 龙骨两侧安装预制保温墙板增加 预制安装成本, 刚度还差, 故借助 C型钢增加刚度, C型钢的钢材耗量大。
3 )、梁柱外侧保温层薄,保温差,形成热桥,框架梁柱面积约占外墙面积 25~40%, 对节能保温影响很大, 很多装配式墙体在建筑主体结构的梁板柱处有大量热桥。
还有预制保温墙板在保温层内, 以及侧边设有加强肋或保护层, 形成热桥。 安装 时还多用钢筋作为锚栓水平穿过预制保温板,将预制保温板与梁柱固定,又发生传热。
再加上大量门窗洞口热桥、 拉结钢筋热桥、 空气对流的热桥(如夹心保温墙体内 保温层处有空气层, 形成空气对流。), 这麽多热桥, 使热桥计算工作量大, 设计计算 热桥困难, 导致墙体平均传热系数不具有透明度, 往往误导了建筑节能。 含窗口、 阳 台板等热桥的影响在内现, 中国黑龙江省墙体平均传热系数真正达到 0.5 w/m2.k以下 的建筑不多, 而南方非采暖地区墙体平均传热系数 K约为 1 w/m2.k, 甚至更多, 对夏 季制冷空调的能耗影响也很大。
一些宣传保温材料的资料, 都宣传说自己的保温材料如何保温好, 墙体的传热系 数可以达到如何低, 但这其实都是不含窗口、 阳台板等热桥的主墙体传热系数, 而不 是平均传热系数, 而我们最终要的是含热桥影响的墙体平均传热系数。
联合国曾在 2007年 3月发布报告显示, 绿色建筑和建筑节能蕴藏的减排效果要 大于《京都议定书》 中要求的所有温室气体排放量, 相当于《京都议定书》预定减排 量的三倍。 建筑节能状况直接影响全球气候变暖, 南北极融化, 冰山融化、 海平面上 升、 动植物灭绝。
世界银行发表的报告警告说: "除非对气候变暖采取更多行动, 否则全球温度将 在本世纪末再上升四摄氏度。 全球正在临海平面上升、 食品短缺、 极端天气条件的危 险, 这将使得沿海城市和穷人面对灾难性后果" 。 世界银行 2012年 11月 18日发布 报告称, 气候变化是全球发展面临的最大挑战之一, 为子孙后代计, 各国应肩负起各 的道德义务, 切实采取行动减少温室气体排放。 ……
2、 重型装配式墙体构造复杂, 加工预制保温板难度大、 安装难度大、 用钢筋满 足抗弯设计要求, 钢筋用量大、 安装件数量多、 重量重、 造价髙。
如标准构造图集 《预制混凝土外挂墙板》 08SJl】0-2、 08SG333的装配式墙休。 该外挂墙板虽然预制内叶混凝土板厚度不小 :f" 150mm (外叶为厚度 50mm 的配 筋阻裂混凝土, 中间 EPS板保温层厚度不大于 100mm。), 但也不是承重墙体, 是可 满足在水平荷载作用下的受弯构件。其构造是参照日本的可滑移、转动的装配式墙体, 建筑主体结构的梁柱发生位移角时, 外挂墙板不限制位移的发生, 地震时装配式墙体 不会破坏。 其构造是: 将一个洞口的外挂墙板上安装 4个大牛腿, 用牛腿与上下楼面 梁的预埋铁件连接。 存在问题:
1 )、 预制安装十分麻烦, 难以推广。 经联系电话咨询, 2008年图集出台后, 仅万 科建了 2栋楼, 还有的大使馆按图集用外挂墙板。
2)、外挂墙板因受力不合理,要求 5倍安全系数,远远超过结构规范的安全系数。 内外叶混凝土太重, 对受力不利, 用钢量太多。
3 )、 保温层厚度受到限制, 穿过保温层的钢筋数量多, 节能保温不好。 因为保温 层越厚, 对牛腿以及连接点受力越不利, 且有大量的钢桁架的斜拉钢筋穿过保温层,
将内外叶混凝土板拉接, 又增加大量传热, 对墙体节能保温影响很大。
4 )、 穿过保温层的钢桁架钢筋不能用普通钢材, 否则耐久性差。 钢桁架的斜拉钢 筋穿过保温层穿过保温层将发生锈蚀, 耐久性不好, 除非用镀锌钢筋有所改善, 但耐 久性仍差,只有用 304#不锈钢才能彻底解决,但是那样大多工程更不可能应用了。行, 其它有些装配式墙体也有此问题。
5 )、 混凝土挂板以及其它很多预制保温板必须在平台上预制, 占用场地大, 浪费 宝贵的土地资源, 大幅度增加成本, 使得推行装配式墙体很难进行, 其它有些装配式 墙体也有此问题。
6 )、 需要在预制墙板垂直接缝处设有柱, 例如柱距 7m左右时, 需要安装 2块墙 板, 中间就要增加一个钢柱, 又增加造价和材料。
说明: 若需提供标准构造图集, 请审査员与本专利申请人联系, 本专利申请人将 下载的图集发给审査员。
由北京市建筑设计研究院郁彦撰写的 "日本建筑墙板的连接构造" -一文可见, 日 本可包容建筑主体结构位移的装配式墙体的抗震构造太复杂。
装配式墙体还有其它问题:
装配式墙体存在预制保温板接缝处易开裂的质量通病, 影响装配式墙体耐久性。 有的装配式墙体还存在墙板端头接缝开裂、 透风的问题, 甚至冬天有接缝处结露、 发 霉、 长毛, 木地板翘曲等现象发生, 节能保温不好。
3、 我国和全球地震多发, 我国高层建筑比例很大。 当前非承重墙体对建筑主体 结构影响的受力模糊, 难以计算, 不利于保证建筑抗震安全, 不利于高层建筑抗側移 安全。 现行有适应建筑主体结构变形的装配式墙体构造太复杂、 造价高。 如-
1 )、由北京市建筑设计研究院郁彦撰写的 "日本建筑墙板的连接构造"一文可见, 日本可滑移的装配式墙体的抗震构造太复杂;
2 ), 还如建筑标准设计图集《预制混凝土外挂墙板》 08SJ110-2、 08SG333 , 其中 第 16、 17、 32-35, 44~47页为外墙混凝土挂板, 是可滑移、 转动的整间混凝土墙板, 是满足结构极限状态设计的装配式墙体, 构造复杂, 加工预制墙板难度大、 安装难度 大、 用钢筋满足抗弯设计要求, 钢筋用量大、 安装件数量多、 重量重、 造价高: 难以 普及, 不利于保证建筑抗震安全和高层建筑抗侧移安全。
上述问题影响建筑的耐久性、 安全性、 影响建筑节能减排, 影响减少全球温室气 体排放, 影响建筑抗震和高层建筑抗侧移安全。
4、 高层建筑中安装幕墙装饰, 特别是安装玻璃幕墙装饰时, 在风荷载和水平地 震作用下, 建筑主体结构层间发生位移时, 易发生幕墙挤压破坏, 难以处理。
总之,现有重型装配式墙体构造复杂, 用钢筋抗弯, 模板投资量大、 占用土地多, 造价高, 难以应用; 轻型保温装配式墙体虽然构造简单, 但 C型钢耗量多, 但还不满 足极限状态设计, 安全性差, 梁柱热桥多, 且裂缝问题是发展装配式墙体的障碍。 上
述问题影响建筑的耐久性、安全性、影响建筑节能减排,影响减少全球温室气体排放, 影响建筑抗震和高层建筑抗侧移安全。 为解决上述问题, 方便施工, 降低造价, 本发 明提出一种装配式墙体。 发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种装配式墙体。 其中之一是一种普通装配式墙体; 其中之二 是一种可滑移装配式墙体, 以解决背景技术所述的问题。
本发明的一种装配式墙体之一, 它包括建筑主体结构、 预制墙板及结构承托件; 在建筑主体结构的外侧设有结构承托件, 结构承托件与建筑主体结构连接; 预制墙板置于建筑主体结构的梁柱、剪力墙外侧,预制墙板安装在结构承托件上, 预制墙板与建筑主体结构的侧面连接;
将预制墙板之间连接, 形成一种在建筑主体结构侧面安装的装配式墙体。
本发明的一种装配式墙体之二, 它包括建筑主体结构、 预制墙板、 钢筋、 钢箍及 滑移减震构件; 将预制墙板安装在混凝土板上, 混凝土板承托所述预制墙板;
所述预制墙板的上端或下端与建筑主体结构侧面连接, 构成所述装配式墙体固定 端, 另一端为滑移端; 预制墙板与柱或剪力墙不连接;
钢筋包括纵向钢筋及水平钢筋或弧形钢筋; 所述纵向钢筋包括室外纵向钢筋及室 内纵向钢筋, 所述水平钢筋或弧形钢筋包括室外水平钢筋或弧形钢筋、 室内水平钢筋 或弧形钢筋; 所述纵向钢筋位于预制墙板垂直接缝的保护层内, 或纵向钢筋位于预制 墙板的室内外保护层内, 钢箍将室内外钢筋拉接;
滑移减震构件位于装配式墙体滑移端与建筑主体结构的混凝土板接触面上; 将预制墙板之间连接, 形成一种在建筑主体结构侧面安装的, 可包容建筑主体结 构的柱与梁之间变形的, 可滑移的装配式墙体。
本发明与已公开技术的关键区别技术特征在于:
1、 本发明实施方式一将预制墙板安装在建筑主体结构梁柱的外侧, 用结构承托 件承托在建筑主体结构外部安装的装配式墙体, 这是当前装配式墙体技术所没有的。 当前安装的预制墙板为预制轻型保温墙板时, 安装在 C 型钢上, 而本发明不需要 C 型钢; 或有的预制墙板内侧一部分骑在梁上, 外侧部分悬在梁外。 在梁柱处保温层薄 弱, 形成热桥。 按本发明将预制墙板完全安装在建筑主体结构梁柱的外侧, 位于梁柱 处装配式墙体保温层厚度不减少, 才能取得好的节能保温效果: 且用结构承托件承托 预制墙板安装最方便。 将预制墙板全部安装在剪力墙外侧时, 形成外保温的剪力墙墙 体, 这是当前外保温墙体所没有的。
2、 本发明实施方式二将用混凝土板替代混结构承托件, 预制墙板安装在混凝土 板上; 预制墙板之间接缝连接有 2种构造, 预制墙板之间的接缝既可以用具有传递内 力的粘接材料粘接, 又可以用不具有传递内力的作用的弹性密封胶粘接, 预制保温墙
板接缝用具有传递内力的粘接材料粘接时, 预制墙板之间可以形成一个共同工作的受 力构件, 是已公开技术所不具备的。
3、 本发明实施方式一的装配式墙体构造, 预制墙板与上下梁板的连接长度满足 要求时, 可按结构规定进行受力计算 , 满足抗弯设计要求, 结构安全性好; 而当前安 装的轻型保温板与建筑主体结构的安装构造不可靠, 如用龙骨与楼板连接, 如用铁皮 与楼面固定等, 即不满足结构计算要求, 结构安全不性好。
4、 本发明实施方式九是一种在建筑主体结构侧面安装的可滑移装配式墙体, 装 配式墙体的一端为固定端, 另一端为滑移端, 这是当前装配式墙体技术所没有的。 背 景技术所述日本或我国的可滑移、 可转动墙体是外挂墙板。 日本用型钢外挂, 我国构 造图集墙体是用墙板上的混凝土牛腿外挂, 或用型钢牛腿与墙板连接外挂, 但与日本 构造有所不同, 见图集第 33页。 这两种构造都十分复杂, 墙板受力不合理, 连接节 点受力大, 要求安装精度高, 施工麻烦; 且保温层厚度受限, 因为保温层越厚, 外挂 越危险, 受力越不安全。 而本发明可滑移装配式墙体不是外挂墙体, 预制墙板直接置 于混凝土板或结构承托件上, 且还是在三个方向减震的装配式式墙体, 而日本和我国 已公开的外挂墙板都不具有三个方向的减震作用 。
5、 本发明实施方式三、 十二中安装墙板的构造和方法, 是现有技术没有的-
1 )、 用射钉型塑料锚栓, 可快速将预制墙板与建筑主体结构固定 (包括与混凝土 结构、 钢结构、 木结构固定), 锚栓固定后不必设斜撑就可保证安装的预制墙板稳定 性, 施工速度快、 安装方便, 又不增加传热。 而己公开技术没有将射钌型塑料锚栓用 于安装预制墙板的工程实例或规定。 在以预制墙板作为建筑主体结构一侧的模板时, 锚栓内外两端应带有扩大的端头的连接构造, 也是现有技术没有的。
2 )、 用胶结材料将预制墙板与建筑主体结构的侧面粘接, 或还用胶结村料将预制 墙板端头与结构承托件或混凝土板粘接, 或在粘接面之间的胶结材料内还设有网状抗 拉材料造, 也是现有技术没有的。
6、 实施方式四、 九中安装钢筋构造与现有装配式墙体技术不同点在于- 预制墙板为轻型复合保温板, 且要求满足结构极限状态设计要求时, 除飓风台风 地区外, 普通风荷载地区的建筑, 预制墙板内用耐碱网布或玄武岩纤维网替代钢筋就 可满足抗弯设计要求, 装配式墙体保护层内设置抗拉的网为耐碱网布时, 就是在保护 层内配筋, 但不是传统意义的钢筋,而是用耐碱网布替代钢筋,预制墙板是配筋墙板, 预制安装方便、 降低造价。 因用钢丝网配筋难以机械化预制墙板, 目前主要是用耐碱 网布加工预制墙板方便。 预制墙板内可不设传统钢筋, 加工预制墙板简单, 可机械化 快速预制生产, 纵向钢筋安装方便, 钢材用量少, 受力好。 纵向钢筋位于洞口侧边预 制墙板的垂直接缝处, 或位于预制条板内, 对洞口薄弱部位加强。
7、 本发明实施方式五、 十三的防腐蚀措施是现有装配式墙体技术所没有的: 接缝处钢筋只用少量的普通水泥砂桨易干缩开裂, 钢筋或连接点易腐蚀。 水泥聚
合物砂浆或水泥聚合物混凝土可有效地保护连接点避免腐蚀。 若再加入硅灰, 更增加 防腐蚀能力。 硅灰在反应中可形成 C一i— H凝胶, 凝胶填充在水泥水化的孔隙中, 增 加保护层密实度, 大大减少了水泥空隙, 有效地阻止了酸离子的侵入和腐蚀作用, 显 著延长混凝土的使用寿命, 在氯盐污染侵蚀、 硫酸盐侵蚀、 高湿度等恶劣环境下, 可 使混凝土耐久性提高一倍甚至数倍。
8、 本发明实施方式六、 十四中装配式墙体的接缝为弹性接缝, 弹性接缝处粘接 材料既能传递内力, 且粘接材料还具有适应一定变形的能力, 现有装配式墙体技术没 有此规定和工程实例, 预制墙板之间接缝易幵裂, 保温不好, 影响耐久性, 成为推行 装配式墙体的障碍。 有的安装带洞口一个开间的大墙扳, 需要在 2块大墙板垂直接缝 处设柱, 例如柱距 7m左右时, 需要安装 1块墙板, 2块墙板接缝处就要增加一个钢 柱, 又增加造价和材料。 而本发明解决了弹性接缝构造, 不需在接缝处设置柱。
9、 本发明实施方式七、 十五中的防火构造: 在锚栓外端的保护层内或表面有防 火材料, 或栓外端的保护层就是满足防火要求的保护层, 锚栓满足防火要求, 是现有 装配式墙体技术所没有的。
10、本发明实施方式八、十六对预制墙板采取增加保护层与保温层之间设有凹槽, 在凹槽内有水泥聚合物砂浆的连接构造, 是现有预制墙板所没有的。
本发明的技术效果:
1、 本发明采取洞口隔热断桥构造, 预制墙板为轻型复合保温墙板时, 比当前的 中国节能 65%〜50%的节能墙体约减少能耗 60〜75%,使墙体节能保温水平上升到一个 新的台阶, 并降低工程投资, 有助于减少全球温室气体排放。 本发明提供了建设极低 能耗墙体的可能, 极低能耗墙体与节能门窗等配合, 可大幅度降低利用可再生能源满 足建筑热环境的工程投资。 本发明解决了背景技术所述当前许多装配式墙体热桥多, 影响墙体节能保温效果等问题。 之所以有此优越性, 是因为:
1 ) 装配式墙体之间接缝为弹性接缝时, 缝隙密封粘接好, 不发生接缝处缝隙传 热。 薄抹灰外保温墙体因存在保温层缝隙, EPS板修正后的导热系数为 0.05 w/m.k; 而本发明的预制墙板内保温层为大块, 接缝可用具有弹性的保温砂浆粘接, 不存在保 温板缝隙传热, 可降低保温材料导热系数 20%, 即增加墙体节能保温效果 20%。 例如 预制墙板缝隙处安装 1根钢筋时, 考虑穿过 EPS板的不锈钢丝增加 EPS板导热系数 0.001 w/m.k, 保温层为 EPS板时, EPS板的导热系数可取 0.042 w/m.k; 若接缝安装 2 根钢筋, 增加拉接钢丝数量, EPS板导热系数约 0.043 w/m.k。 导热系数中包括长期使 用中保温层有一定含湿量的影响;
2 ) 本发明消灭了梁柱热桥、 洞口周边热桥、 阳台板热桥, 最后只有挑檐热桥, 且挑檐可局部设置。 局部设置的挑檐, 接缝安装】根或 2根钢筋, 挑檐分别约增加墙 体平均传热系数 0.015w/m2.k、 0.04w/m2, 且增加保温层厚度不受限制, 装配式墙体易 达到低传热系数, 见下面表 1〜表 3计算数据。
计算书: 假定柱距 7.2m、 层高 3m, 有 2个长 2.4m、 高 1.5m的窗户, 混凝土挑 檐高 100mm , —个柱距内局部设置 4 个挑檐, 每个挑檐长 =0.12+1 根钢筋接缝宽 0.06=0.18m, 4个挑檐总长 0.72m ; 预制墙板为轻型复合保温墙板, 保温层 EPS板厚 度分为 150mm、 180mm . 200mm、 250mm四种情况计算。 分别计算预制墙板传热系 数 (表 1 )、 混凝土挑檐传热系数 (表 2), 再计算墙体加权平均传热系数 (表 3 )。
表 1、 预制墙板传热系数计算表 w/m2.k
表 2、 混凝土挑檐传热系数计算表 w/m2.k
表 3、 汇总表——普通装配式墙体平均传热系数参考表及优缺点分析
EPS板厚 墙体平均传热系数 w/m 2.k
mm 1、 全长挑檐 2、 挑檐局部设置, 接缝 1根钢筋
150 0.42 0.28
180 0.35 0.24
200 0.32 0.215
250 0.28 0.175
推荐适 非采暖地区
用范围 釆暖地区
注- 表 3 数据含有洞口防火保温材料, 及水平、 垂直防火隔离带为保温砂浆时, 增加的墙体传
热系数, 以及 EPS板长期使用中有一定含水率的影响。 I
2、 为保证装配式墙体耐久年限, 除保证钢材满足防腐蚀要求外, 预制墙板为轻 型复合保温墙板时, 还有以下技术措施:
1 )、 实施方式八、 十六中增加保护层与保温层之间连接的措施, 对保证预制墙板 保护层与保温层之间连接的可靠性, 使装配式墙体可形成一个整体的受力构件, 可防 止和减少装配式墙体保护层开裂, 延长装配式墙体耐久年限, 使之不低于 50年。
①、 在保温层上设有凹槽, 凹槽为燕尾式凹槽最好。 设有凹槽的一侧安装在温差 变化激烈的室外侧。推荐凹槽内水泥聚合物砂浆釆用弹性砂浆, 可有 1~3%的延伸率; 气温变化时装配式墙体外侧弹性砂浆可逐层释放应力, 可较好适应冬夏温差的变化。
②、 在高分子的板状保温层上涂刷含有硅灰界面剂与保护层粘接, 硅灰的小尺寸 效应更增加界面的粘接强度。
2 )、 实施方式六、 十四提出了弹性接缝构造, 适应温度变化好, 粘接材料可传递 内力、 受力状态好; 解决了当前装配式墙体接缝易于开裂、 渗水的难题, 装配式墙体 耐久性好; 且不必在接缝的室内侧设柱, 增加造价、 施工麻烦。
装配式墙体内网状抗拉材料也需要适应装配式墙体的耐久性要求, 如用耐碱网布 应满足技术标准要求的耐碱强度保留率。
3、 本发明装配式墙体构造简单、 受力明确, 结构安全性好, 在预制墙板为轻型 复合保温墙板时重量轻、 安装速度快、 降低安装人工费, 用钢量少、 不仅装配式墙体 造价低, 且降低建筑主体结构造价及降低建筑热环境工程造价, 本发明应用面广, 具 有重要的节能减排意义。
标准图集用钢量大, 重量太大, 受力不合理, 计算证明: 地震作用起控制作用, 对结构计算很不利。 将本发明实施方式九〜十六的构造与标准构造图集《预制混凝土 外挂墙板》 08SJ110-2、 08SG333对比, 本发明的装配式墙体构造比标准构造图集简单 得多。 在预制墙板为轻型复合保温墙板时, 预制墙板重量是构造图集墙体重量的 20%~25%, 减少地震作用 75%〜80%, 对建筑抗震有利。 除洞口侧边设置钢筋增强外, 用网状抗拉材料就能满足抗弯设计要求, 用钢量少, 但是其功能也达到标准构造图集 装配式墙体的性能: 是可包容建筑主体结构的柱与梁之间变形的的装配式墙体。
4、 本发明实施方式九具有≤个方向的减震作用, 超过了标准构造图集装配式墙 体的性能, 增加墙体和建筑抗震安全, 这是现有装配式墙体所不具备的。
5、 本发明的装配式墙体在预制墙板为轻型预制保温扳时用途最为广泛。
现有机械设备约可达到每天生产预制墙板 800 m2~1000m2, 上架养生, 占用场地 少, 用工量少, 预制墙板成本低。 预制条板内有钢筋、 钢箍, 需支模预制, 但预制条 板数量少。 而图集的重型墙板必须在平台上预制, 不能用专用设备快速生产, 占用土 地多, 模板投资大、 人工消耗多, 造价高。
6、 本发明的装配式墙体为外墙安装悬挂物提供条件, 如安装防盗栅栏、 遮阳板、
幂墙装饰, 广告牌、 太阳能光电板及进行外墙绿化等, 外墙悬挂物可直接与装配式墙 体钢筋上的钢板或块状型钢连接, 不必穿过的装配式墙体与建筑主体结构连接, 玻璃 幕墙不会发生挤压破坏, 既安全, 又节能, 而已公开的装配式墙体技术不能做到。
7、 本发明的装配式墙体可满足建筑立面造型丰富的需求:
1 ) 容易形成竖线条外立面造型; 也可形成水平线条外立面造型。
2 ) 通过调整窗间墙、 窗下墙的预制墙板内 EPS板的厚度, 可形成突出和缩进的 外墙造型。
3 ) 窗间墙可局部形成向外突出的复合壁柱造型。
4 ) 可形成大窗台。
5 ) 可形成圆弧窗。
8、 本发明的普通装配式墙体既可以分成窗间墙、 窗下墙小块安装, 也可组装成 大块安装, 根据吊装能力确定安装方式, 安装灵活, 应用面广。 可滑移装配式墙体现 场安装窗间墙、 窗下墙为宜, 有利于安装滑移减震构件位置的准确性。
本发明解决了背景技术所述当前装配式墙体存在的诸多问题, 本发明有利于控制 全球气候变暖, 有利建筑抗震, 应用面广, 具有重要社会意义。
研究证明, 只有用多学科知识、 多种材料, 优化墙体构造才能攻克装配式墙体技 术的难点。 这好比设计汽车、 飞机、 舰船一样, 要对汽车、 飞机、 舰船的构造进行合 理设计, 将不同材料进行组合, 满足设计要求。 同样, 要用多种材料对装配式墙体构 造进行科学的组合, 而不单单是仅仅依靠某一种新型墙体材料就能解决装配式墙体技 术的的诸多问题。 附图说明
图 1是实施方式一〜八装配式墙体预制墙扳 15安装立面图, 结构承托件 1-1 (即 混凝土挑檐)通长设置, 窗下墙分为上下 2块预制墙板安装;
图 2与图 1不同的是,混凝土挑檐 1-1局部设置,窗下墙的预制墙板 15直接与梁 外侧整块安装;
图 3与图〗不同的是, 混凝土挑檐局部设置, 窗下墙的预制墙板 15设有缺口整 块安装, 还可分成上下 2块预制墙板 15安装, 整块安装施工方便;
图 4是在图 3的基础上, 窗下墙中间下部在建筑主体结构上还设有局部挑檐, 即 窗下墙中部还有结构承托件 1-1支托, 在中间局部挑檐上可安装室内外纵向钢筋, 适 用于窗下墙较长时安装预制墙板 15应用(图 25, —般应用不多), 或将窗下墙分成左 右 2块预制墙板 15安装;
图 5与图 2的不同点是, 预制墙板 15接缝处安装 2根钢筋, 预制墙板 15之间有 预制条板 15-1 ;
说明: 接缝处安装 1根或 2根钢筋根据使用要求确定, 与窗下墙安装方式无关。 图 6是图 1、 图 2、 图 4、 图 11〜图 13的〗 -1剖面图;
图 7是图 1、 图 2、 图 4、 图 13的 2-2剖面图;
图 8是图 5的 3-3剖面图:
图 9是图 2的节点 A放大图;
图 10是图 5的节点 B放大图;
图 11是实施方式一〜八无洞口装配式墙体预制墙板 15安装立面图, 混凝土挑檐 通长设置;
图 12与图 Π的不同点是, 混凝土挑檐局部设置;
图 13是实施方式 八窗口为弧形时装配式墙体预制墙板】5安装立面图; 图 14是图 5的 4-4剖面图;
图 15是图 1〜图 5、 图 11〜图 13的 5-5剖面图;
图 16是图 2、 图 4、 图 13的 6-6剖面图;
图 17是实施方式一〜八, 混凝土板 1-2贴靠连接面较小时, 在混凝土板 1 -2侧面 设混凝土附加贴靠件 1-3——垂直混凝土板时, 装配式墙体垂直剖面图;
图 18是实施方式一〜八, 将预制墙板 15安装在混凝土板上, 与梁侧面连接安装 垂直剖面图, 可用于封闭阳台内侧墙体或户间隔热墙, 可不设置钢筋, 或仅在门口安 装钢筋; 若应用到实施方式九的可滑移墙体时, 安装滑移减震构件需设置钢筋; 图 19是实施方式一〜八, 混凝土板 1-2贴靠连接面较小时, 设置金属附加贴靠件 1-3——垂直钢骨架, 将预制墙板 15与附加贴靠件 1-3连接安装构造示意图;
图 20是装配式阳台栏板剖面图,在附加贴靠件 1-3——垂直混凝土板的底部设置 的局部混凝土挑檐安装预制墙板 (剖面中用虚线表示挑擔 ι-υ;
图 21是与图 2不同的是, 混凝土挑檐局部设置, 并设置支承 1 -1-5, 混凝土挑檐 外保温, 不推荐采用;
图 22是图 2】的 7-7剖面图, 不推荐采用;
图 23是位于窗间墙的预制墙板 15加工立面图, 预制墙板边缘保护层减薄, 以便 安装时用抗拉的网将相邻预制墙板 15或将预制墙板 15与预制条板 15-】之间连接,边 缘保护层是否需要局部减薄, 根据装饰要求等确定, 并在上部两侧设有缺口 10, 缺口 10的位置与局部挑檐 1-1对应;
图 24是图 23的节点 C放大图;
图 25是图 4的窗下墙预制墙板 15加工图,在窗下墙中间设有室外纵向钢筋 6-1-1 用于与结构承托件 1-1 的混凝土挑檐连接, 室内纵向钢筋 6-1-2下端位于楼面附近局 部外露 (无保护层), 外露长度满足与建筑主体结构内锚固钢筋的连接要求;
图 26是图 21中设置的钢桁架支承 1-1-5安装构造示意图;
图 27表示水泥聚合物砂浆包裹钢桁架支承, 满足防腐蚀及防火要求示意图; 双 钢桁架支承与室外双纵向钢筋连接,室外纵向钢筋为单根钢筋时,钢桁架支承为 1个; 图 28是预制条板安装在预制墙板之间水平剖面图, 预制条板内位于室内外各安
装 2根钢筋, 钢筋上安装钢板, 钢板突出在保护层以外, 用于安装外墙悬挂物; 一侧 保护层向外增厚可作为装饰线条;
图 29是预制墙板 15接缝水平剖面图, 接缝处有粘接材料 16。 其中之 (1)是室内 侧找平、 抹灰、 粘贴网状抗拉材料拉接, 室外侧粘贴网状抗拉材料 5拉接, 并还填塞 弹性密封胶 9, 形成凹槽装饰缝; 其中之 (2)是接缝两侧设有纵向钢筋, 接缝处填塞粘 接材料 16, 粘接材料 16为防火保温材料如水泥聚合物弹性保温砂浆, 形成防火隔离 带, 室外侧还填塞弹性密封胶 9, 形成凹槽装饰缝;
图 30是装配式墙体两个窗户很近时, 根据抗弯及抗剪切要求窗间墙加厚, 形成 好似复合柱的水平剖面大样图。 复合柱向外突出形成有竖条的立面造型, 安装简单; 或复合柱向室内突出, 复合柱与楼面连接, 安装麻烦, 并占用室内面积;
图 31是预制条板 15-1安装内在室内外各安装 2根钢筋剖面图, 预制时模扳内仅 浇灌内层保护层 8, 将预制条板安装在主体结构上后, 再抹外面一层的保护层 8。 应 用于可滑移装配式墙体时,在预制条板 15-1—端安装滑动钢插件 2-1与室内外纵向钢 筋连接(图 41 ); 也同时表示预制条板 15-1位于窗口时窗口边缘水平剖面图, 窗口钢 筋上安装钢片 6-3, 安装窗户时固定窗户的连接钢片与钢片 6-3连接;
图 32是预制墙板 15内设置纵向钢筋 6-1时水平剖面图;
图 33是实施方式九〜十六局部设置结构承托件 1-1 (即混凝土挑檐),有门窗洞口、 可滑移装配式墙体预制墙板 15、 预制条板 15-1安装立面图, 窗下墙分为上下 1块设 置; 图中标注的 " 4 "是窗下墙较长时附加滑移限位器 4, 图中以虚线表示;
图 34是实施方式九〜十六可滑移装配式墙体的上端为滑移端, 下端为固定端时, 垂直剖面图, 不推荐采用;
图 35是图 33、 图 37的附加滑移限位器 4大样图;
图 36是实施方式九〜十六局部设置结构承托件 1-1 (即混凝土挑檐),无门窗洞口、 可滑移装配式墙体预制墙板 15、 预制条板 15-1安装立面图;
说明: 图 33、 图 36均为在预制条板 15-1与结构承托件 1-1的水平接缝处安装滑 移减震构件 2;
图 37是图 33的 8-8剖面图, 水平接缝处设有滑移减震构件 2, 挑檐不保温, 还 表示窗下墙与楼地面之间设置附加滑移限位器 4;
图 38是图 36的 9-9剖面图, 水平接缝处设滑移减震构件 2, 挑檐不保温; 图 39之 (1)是建筑阳角处, 可滑移装配式墙体与柱连接构造之一, 预制墙板 15与 柱连接, 转角两侧预制墙板为 45度相接; 并在图 39之 (2)中表示混凝土挑檐 45度设 置, 也可在转角两侧设置挑檐;
图 40之 (1) 是建筑阳角处, 可滑移装配式墙体与柱连接构造之二, 预制墙板 15 与柱连接, 转角两侧预制墙板 15直角垂直相接; 或转角处现场安装保温层、 保护层、 网状抗拉材料等; 并在图 40之 (2)中表示在转角两侧设置挑檐;
说明: 图 39之 (1)、 图 40之 (1 )均在柱边设弹性伸縮缝;
图 41是预制条扳 15-1垂直剖面图, 并在预制条板安装滑移件 2-1 ;
图 42是图 33的 10-10水平剖面图, 预制墙板 15与柱不连接, 预制墙板 15与柱 之间有弹性密封材料;
图 43是图 33的 11-11水平剖面图, 预制墙板 15与柱不连接, 预制墙板 15与柱 之间有弹性密封材料;
图 44是图 33的窗下墙分成上下 条设置, 位于水平滑移缝下面的预制墙板 15 加工图, 在窗下墙长度超过一定长度时, 可能需在中间设有缺口 10;
图 45是图 37、 图 38节点 D放大图;
图 46是图 33及图 45的 12-12剖面图, 即沿墙体长度方向安装滑移减震构件 2 的剖面图。
图 47是预制墙板 15为轻型复合保温墙板时, 在保温层 3—侧设有燕尾式凹槽, 凹槽内有水泥聚合物砂浆;
图 48与图 47不同, 保温层 3两侧设有燕尾式凹槽, 凹槽内有水泥聚合物砂浆: 图 49与图 47不同, 保温层 3—侧设有燕尾式凹槽. 凹槽内外及保温层 3为平面 一侧都有水泥聚合物砂浆;
图 50与图 49不同,保温层 3两侧设燕尾式凹槽,凹槽内外都有水泥聚合物砂浆; 说明: 图 47〜图 50中表示的水泥聚合物砂浆比保护层的颜色深,其实水泥聚合物 砂浆也成为保护层, 图 47~图50为实施方式八、 十六的构造;
图 51是接缝位于室内侧一段用非弹性或弹性水泥聚合物保温砂浆 16或聚氨酯发 泡胶粘接密封,靠近室外侧一段用水泥聚合物弹性砂浆 16-1粘接密封;在接缝两侧粘 贴耐碱网布 5搭接连接, 室外缝隙外端有弹性密封胶:
图 52与图 51的不同点是, 接缝为直缝, 弹性密封胶 9位于室外耐碱网布 5与预 制墙板 15接缝端头之间;
图 53是预制墙板 15接缝为隔热断桥构造, 在接缝处设置 1根钢筋;
图 54与图 54的不同点是, 在接缝处不设置钢筋;
说明: 图 51〜图 54均为为实施方式六、 十四的弹性接缝构造。
图 55是实施方式一将预制墙板 15水平安装, 装配式墙体预制墙板 15安装立面 图;
图 56是实施方式一〜八普通装配式墙体与建筑主体结构梁柱关系的水平剖面图。 具体实施方式
实施方式一: 见图 1〜图 32、 图 55、 图 56, 本实施方式的一种装配式墙体, 它是 由建筑主体结构 1、 结构承托件 1-1及预制墙板 15组成; 所述建筑主体结构 1为梁板 柱墙及基础; 例如, 建筑主体结构 1为混凝土框架结构、 型钢混凝土框架结构、 框剪
结构、 钢框架结构、 钢管混凝土结构, 混凝土与钢的混合框架结构、 钢木框架结构、 竹框架、 木框架结构, 或为剪力墙结构等;
在建筑主体结构 1的外侧设有结构承托件 1 -1 ,结构承托件 1-1与建筑主体结构 1 连接, 结构承托件 1-1是建筑主体结构 1在水平方向的外延 (结构承托件 1 -1实质是 建筑主体结构 1的一部分); 所述结构承托件 1-1为混凝土挑檐,或为金属承托件(建 筑主体结构为钢结构时可用金属承托件, 也可在钢结构外支模浇筑混凝土挑檐), 或 为木或竹的挑檐 (竹框架、 木框架结构时); 所述结构承托件 1 -1 为连续设置 (图 1 为连续设置) 或为局部设置 (图 2〜图 5为局部设置);
预制墙板 15置于建筑主体结构 1的梁柱、 剪力墙外侧, 预制墙板 15安装在结构 承托件 1-1上, 预制墙板 15与建筑主体结构 1的侧面连接;
节能保温墙体位于室外时, 大多数情况下需设结构承托件 1-1, 预制墙板组成的 装配式墙体传来的垂直荷载 (墙体重量) 通过结构承托件 1-1传给建筑主体结构; 装配式墙体有以下安装构造, 根据施工方便、 使用需要及安装位置不同选用-
1 )、将预制墙板 15安装在结构承托件 1-1上, 结构承托件 1-1外端无保温层(图 6〜图 8、 图 14〜图 20、 图 22 ), 或结构承托件 1-1外端有保温层 (图 21、 图 22, 预制 墙板 15是复合保温墙板时。);
此构造就是, 对于位于窗间墙的预制墙板 15及无洞口处墙体的预制墙板 15, 预 制墙板 15上下两端与上下层的梁板连接。 对于窗下墙的预制墙板 15, 也可安装在结 构承托件 1-】上, 见图 4、 m 25;
结构承托件 1-1局部设置时, 预制墙板 15的端头设有缺口 10, 缺口 10的位置与 局部设置的结构承托件 1-1相对应; 推荐预制墙板端头设缺口的构造, 若预制墙板 15 的端头没有缺口 10, 位于结构承托件 1-1之间的保温墙体材料需分层现场安装, 增加 施工中湿作业, 麻烦。
2 )、 还可将窗下墙的预制墙板 15直接与建筑主体结构〗 的梁、 板侧面连接安装 (不需安装在结构承托件 1-1上, 安装更简单。); 虽然安装时挑檐不承托窗下墙部位 预制墙板, 但装配式墙体安装完成后连接为一体, 装配式墙体重量也作用在结构承托 件上;
3 )、 或将预制墙板 15左右两端水平安装在建筑主体结构 1柱外侧的结构承托件 1-1上, 见图 55。 适用于柱的距离较小的情况, 这不方便安装洞口垂直钢筋, 可设洞 口环形钢筋。 用有限元软件分析证明, 墙体最大弯矩位于窗侧距离窗台约 lOOmni高 的位置, 设置窗侧垂直钢筋受力合理, 故不推荐采用图 55的构造; 推荐按图 1〜图 5、 图 11〜图 13、 图 19、 图 20的构造安装预制墙板 15, 受力合理, 安装简单:
将预制墙板 15与建筑主体结构 1 的梁板柱、 剪力墙外侧面连接安装; 建筑主体 结构 1的梁板连接面较小不满足连接要求时, 或梁的外表面位于柱的内側时, 设置附 加贴靠件 1-3, 附加贴靠件 1-3实质是建筑主体结构 1的一部分, 附加贴靠件 1-3是建
筑主体结构 1的梁板在垂直方向的延伸; 将预制墙板】5置于附加贴靠件 1-3的外侧, 预制墙板 15与附加贴靠件 1-3连接, 预制墙板 15与附加贴靠件 1-3连接就是与建筑 主体结构 1连接, 例如图 17、 图 20的垂直混凝土板为附加贴靠件 1-3。需要将预制墙 板安装在建筑主体结构的悬挑板侧面时, 因悬挑板侧面面积小, 就需设置附加贴靠件 1-3 ; 也可设混凝土构造柱, 多用于层高较高、柱距较大及装配式女儿墙时; 附加贴靠 件 1 -3为混凝土附加贴靠件、钢制附加贴靠件(图 19为安装的垂直钢骨架柱, 钢骨架 柱需与建筑主体结构满足锚固连接条件。)、 或为混凝土与保温材料的复合构件(如复 合梁、 复合柱, 未画图表示), 或为木骨架附加贴靠件等 (未画图表示, 应用于竹框 架、 木框架结构)。
将预制墙板 15之间连接, 形成一种在建筑主体结构侧面安装的普通装配式墙体; 所述建筑主体结构 1 为在先施工形成的 (即在安装预制墙板 15前已经形成建筑 主体结构), 或建筑主体结构 1是以预制墙板 15作为建筑主体结构 1的一侧模板, 与 装配式墙体同步施工安装; 或部分建筑主体结构 1为在先施工形成的(如先施工形成 柱), 部分建筑主体结构 1是以预制墙板 15作为建筑主体结构 1的一侧模板, 与装配 式墙体同步施工安装(如混凝土梁的外侧、 阳台板边缘的垂直混凝土板是以预制墙板 作为模板浇筑, 图 20; 混凝土梁可为全部现浇梁或为预制叠合梁, 预制叠合梁的上部 分现浇, 可形成挑檐或局部挑檐。)
所述预制墙板 15为各种预制保温墙板; 例如: 1 )、 预制墙板 15为轻型复合保温 墙板, 轻型复合保温墙板的各种材料连为一体, 形成一个整体的受力构件 (附图均表 示用复合保温墙板, 因重量轻、 节能保温好、 安装方便、 价格低, 推荐釆用); 2 )、 或为有内叶、 外叶混凝土及中间保温层的预制墙板, 依靠斜拉钢筋连接, 分层之间变 形有错动, 不符合材料力学作为一个整体受力构件的要求的预制墙板(即建筑标准设 计图集《预制混凝土外挂墙板》 08SJ1 10-2、 08SG333的构造, 或类似构造), 因重量 重, 节能不好, 不推荐采用; 3 )、 或为轻骨料混凝土板 (比普通混凝土板保温稍好)、 轻质混凝土板 (如稻壳混凝上、 发泡混凝土)、 以及植物秸秆板、 纸蜂窝板等;
预制墙板 15为轻型复合保温墙板时, 轻型复合保温墙板由保温层 3、 保护层 8、 网状抗拉材料 5组成; 所述保温层 3为无机或有机保温材料, 如高分子保温材料、 发 泡水泥、 矿物棉、 植物秸秆、 纸蜂窝板、 保温砂浆、 稻壳混凝土、 胶粉聚苯颗粒、 发 泡玻璃等, 或为用无机材料改性增加防火性能的复合保温材料: 所述保温层 3为相同 保温材料, 或在不同位置的保温层 3为不同保温材料(例如局部为酚醛树脂或保温砂 浆, 而其它部位为 EPS板), 所述保温层 3内可设有加强肋或不设有加强肋 (加强肋 可增加墙板刚度, 加强肋内设有钢筋或不设有钢筋。 目前市场上的加强肋多为菱镁水 泥, 耐久性不好); 所述保温层 3 内可设有孔洞或不设有孔洞 (有孔洞可增加保温效 果, 节约保温材料); 所述网状抗拉材料 5为耐碱网布或玄武岩纤维网布或金属网; 所述保护层 8为水泥砂浆或混凝土层, 或所述保护层 8为改性的水泥砂浆或改性的混
凝土层, 或所述保护层 8为硅钙板、 水泥纤维板; 保护层 8的外表面为平面, 或保护 层 8的外表面为粗糙面;所述保护层 8位于保温层 3两侧,保温层 3与保护层 8连接; 不同位置的保护层 8厚度可不同 (如在预制保温墙板边缘接缝部位保护层 8减薄, 图 23〜图 25 ; 设有钢筋时, 钢筋位置需加厚保护层 8, 图 32 ); 网状抗拉材料 5位于保护 层 8内, 或耐碱网布或玄武岩纤维网布可粘贴在保护层 8表面, 网状抗拉材料 5可选 用一种或同时选用多种安装, 或局部设有加强的网状抗拉材料 5: 或所述预制墙板 15 为钢丝网架水泥夹心板: 所述预制墙板 15的外表面可以设有装饰层或不设有装饰层; 层高较高、 每层有两排窗户时时, 需将预制墙板 15与两侧窗间墙连接, 这是同 层中有上下 2排窗户之间的装配式墙体, 需要粘接连接, 上下还有水平钢筋与窗侧垂 直钢筋连接。 即位于同层两层窗户之间的窗下墙内侧没有建筑主体结构, 这种情况较 少发生, 未画图表示。
实施方式二: 见图 18, 本实施方式与实施方式一的不同点是, 本实施方式装配式 用混凝土板 1-2替代结构承托件 1-1 ; 预制墙板 15安装在混凝土板 1-2上 (混凝土板 包括基础底板向外突出部分);
预制墙板 15之间接缝有以下 2种构造, 择一选用或同时选用, 或不同位置选用 不同构造 (图 29, 在预制墙板缝隙的外端或沿缝隙全长):
1 )、 用粘接材料 16粘接, 粘接材料 16具有传递内力的作用, 预制墙板 15之间 可共同工作 (在粘接可靠条件下才能传递内力, 预制墙板 15之间可以形成共同工作 的受力构件);
2 )、 用弹性密封胶 9粘接, 弹性密封胶 9不具有传递内力的作用 (仅是防水、 防 风, 不推荐采用, 不推荐采用, 或接缝内侧有梁柱处可采用。)。
说明: 1 )、 混凝土板 1-2包括楼板、 基础底板及阳台板等。
2)、 预制墙板 15之间不包括结构沉降缝 30处 (图 39、 图 40 )。 实施方式三: 见图 1〜图 8、 图 17〜图 20, 本实施方式与实施方式一或二的不同点 是, 本实施方式装配式墙体与建筑主体结构 1的连接还有以下方式, 选择其中 1种或 多种方式连接-
1 )、 用锚栓 20将预制墙板 15与建筑主体结构 1或附加贴靠件 1-3的侧面固定;
2 )、用胶结材料将预制墙板 15与建筑主体结构 1的梁板柱、剪力墙側面粘接, 或 /和与附加贴靠件 1-3侧面粘接;
3 )、用胶结材料将预制墙板 15的端头与结构承托件 1-1或混凝±板 1-2粘接, 或 在粘接面之间的胶结材料内还设有网状抗拉材料 5 (如图 18; 图 15、 图 17的预制墙 板下端与梁侧面的粘接长度较小时, 在粘接端头的胶结材料内还设有网状抗拉材料 5。), 或在上下预制墙板 15之间的粘接面内设有网状抗拉材料 5; 从而使粘接面内网 状抗拉材料 5与室内侧保护层 8连接,以及使网状抗拉材料 5与建筑主体结构 1连接, 或网状抗拉材料 5将上下预制墙板 15连接。
此外, 预制墙板 15与建筑主体结构 1粘接面的保护层内还可预埋铁件与建筑主 体结构 1连接。 锚栓安装有以下情况, 根据使用需要选用:
1 )、 本发明附图的锚栓均表示为射钉型塑料锚栓, 推荐选用。 射钉型塑料锚栓不 增加传热, 可立刻将预制墙板固定, 安装速度快、 价格低、 连接强度可满足要求、 降 低造价、 不增加传热, 增强聚乙烯塑料锚栓耐久性好, 如中国四川南山射钉紧固器材 有限公司生产的射钉型塑料锚栓; 而若用钢锚栓需不锈钢材质, 造价高且增加传热。
2 )、 在预制墙板 15作为建筑主体结构 1 一侧的模板时, 锚栓 20内外两端应带有 扩大的端头或弯钩。 安装锚栓 20时, 将锚栓 20穿过预制墙板 15, 锚栓 20扩大端头 或弯钩的一端预埋在建筑主体结构的混凝土内, 混凝土固化后即将预制墙板 15与建 筑主体结构 ί拉接; 也可用玄武岩钢筋、 碳纤维锚固件等拉接。
3 )、 与钢结构连接时, 用射钉型塑料锚栓 20可穿透不大于 8mm钢板, 与钢扳连 接, 若钢结构厚度大于 8mm, 可在钢结构上悍接附加钢板, 射钉型塑料锚栓 20与附 加钢板连接。
预制墙板与梁柱、 剪力墙之间的粘接面处的保护层, 以及接缝处保护层可局部减 薄,也可以不减薄。接缝附近保护层局部减薄,方便接缝处粘贴耐碱网布连接后找平, 根据外装饰不同及安装方便确定。
实施方式四: 见图 5、 图 10、 图 28、 图 31, 本实施方式与实施方式 〜三之一的 不同点是, 本实施方式增加钢筋 6及钢箍】2, 或还增加预制条板 15-1 (预制条板 15-1 是为安装钢筋所设, 在预制墙板 15接缝处安装 2根钢筋时, 将钢筋安装在预制条板 15-1内施工更方便。是否有预制条板需根据施工方案, 预制墙板接缝处安装钢筋数量 等确定。预制条板实质也是预制墙板, 是窄条墙板。); 设有预制条板 15-1时, 预制条 板 15-1位于预制墙板 15之间, 结构承托件 1-1或混凝土板 1-2承托既承托预制墙板 15, 还承托预制条板 15-1, 预制条扳 15-1与建筑主体结构 1的外侧面连接;
钢筋 6包括纵向钢筋 6-1及水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2, 或钢筋 6为在门窗洞口周 边设置的环形钢筋(未画图表示); 所述纵向钢筋 6-1包括室外纵向钢筋 6-1-1及室内 纵向钢筋 6-1-2, 所述水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2包括室外水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2-1、 室内水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2-2: 钢箍 12将室内外钢筋 6拉接 (钢箍 12可为双肢箍 或为单肢箍);
纵向钢筋 6-1位于预制墙板 15垂直接缝的保护层内,或纵向钢筋 6-1位于预制条 板 15-1的室内外保护层 8内;
位于室内外的钢筋 6各为 1根钢筋或各为并列的 1根钢筋(在并列的 2根钢筋之 间可设有钢筋拉接也可不设有钢筋拉接,或 /和在并列的 2根钢筋上焊接钢板或块状型 钢。); 设有钢筋 6时门窗洞口侧边应设有钢筋 6, 在门窗洞口窗台处设有水平钢筋或 弧形钢筋 6-2, 或还在门窗洞口上方设有水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2, 或还在其它位置设 有水平钢筋 6-2 (图 13 ), 水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2与纵向钢筋 6-1连接;
室内纵向钢筋 6-1-2上下端与建筑主体结构 1连接,室外纵向钢筋 6-1-1与结构承 托件 1-1或混凝土板】-2连接 (图 15〜图 20 );
或在预制墙板 15的保护层 8内还设置纵向钢筋 6-1 (图 32, 用于水平荷载很大、 或层高较高、 柱距较大时, 需增加配筋数量; 及图 4、 图 25窗下墙较长时, 在窗下墙 的预制墙板中部可能设纵向钢筋 6-1。 );
将预制墙板 15之间相互连接, 或 /和将预制墙板 15与预制条板 15-1之间连接。 预制条板内外有纵向钢筋与建筑主体结构固定, 不一定需要用锚栓固定。
窗下墙的预制墙板 15保护层内一般不需要安装钢筋,或安装钢筋数量少,见图 4、 图 25。 位于洞口两侧的预制条板 15-1应预埋与窗口水平钢筋连接的铁件或钢筋 6-3, 见图 31。
说明-
1、 结构承托件 1-1外端不保温(图 22 ), 装配式墙体不要求满足极限状态设计要 求时, 可设置钢筋 6, 也可不设置钢筋 6; 不设置钢筋 6时, 洞口内外保护层 8内有 网状抗拉材料 5在洞口相互连接。
2、 满足极限状态设计要求及洞口隔热断桥构造时, 在洞口侧边需要设置钢筋 6; 无洞口处装配式墙体在预制墙板接缝处可不设钢筋, 见图 11、 图 〗2; 但墙体安装厚 重悬挂物或其它需要设钢筋时, 应在安装厚重悬挂物连接件处设置纵向钢筋 6-1。
3、 分别安装窗间墙、 窗下墙的预制墙板, 且在预制墙板接缝处室内外各需要安 装 2根钢筋时, 为减少现场 2根钢筋外部保护层抹灰湿作业, 设置预制条板施工更方 便, 预制条板需要支模加工预制。 若接缝处只设有 1根钢筋, 现场湿作业少, 可不必 设有预制条板。 图 31为预制条板 15-1的水平剖面图, 图 41为预制条板 15-1的垂直 剖面图, 图 41的预制条板 15-1应用于本实施方式时, 不需要安装下部滑移件 2-L
4、 当组装有洞口大块墙板安装时, 特别是按柱距安装含有窗口 (一个柱距内多 为 2个窗口) 的大墙板, 虽然在预制墙板接缝处室内外各需要安装 2根钢筋, 可不需 要预制条板。 应设钢架支撑的平台, 按以下程序将预制墙板连接-
1 ) 将预制墙板安装在平台上, 预制墙板之间的接缝位于平台外, 在接缝处安装 保温板裸板(如 EPS板)与两侧预制墙板连接; 并在保温板上下安装室内外纵向钢筋 及钢箍, 在钢筋上形成抹灰保护层, 接缝处安装 1根或 2根纵向钢筋均可在平台上完 成, 就不必有预制条板;
2 ) 安装网状抗拉材料, 将相邻预制墙板之间粘接连接, 或将预制墙板与预制条 板之间粘接连接。
5、图 30所示装配式墙体两个窗户之间的窗间墙很窄,可以局部加厚设计窗间墙, 形成好似复合壁柱的窗间墙。 形成有壁柱向外突出的建筑造型, 复合壁柱下应有加长 的挑檐承托。 复合壁柱也可以向室内突出, 复合壁柱既是墙也是柱, 就不必在室内设 置如钢骨架的垂直附加贴靠件。
6、 窗口上皮标高与梁相同时, 不必设置室内水平钢筋或弧形钢筋, 钢箍直接与 梁连接 (可在梁上钉钉, 不锈钢丝与钢钉缠绕绑扎连接, 见图 20。)。
实施方式五: 本实施方式与实施方式一〜四的不同点在于, 本实施方式的装配式 墙体与建筑主体结构 1连接采取以下第 1 ) 〜5 ) 项防腐蚀措施, 或还采取第 6) 项防 腐蚀措施:
1 )、 将设有钢筋 6位置的保温层 3处局部减薄, 增加保护层 8厚度 (图 6〜图 8、 图 14、图 29〜图 32 );或不减薄保温层 3厚度, 向外侧增加钢筋 6的保护层 8厚度(图 28); 钢筋 6、预埋铁件及焊缝周围均位于碱性保护层 8的保护下, 保护层 8厚度满足 防腐蚀要求;
2 )、 在建筑主体结构 1及结构承托件 1-1处预埋或植筋安装铁件或钢筋, 与纵向 钢筋 6-1连接, 连接部位的操作空间满足连接后保护层 8的厚度要求; 或与纵向钢筋 6-1连接处的建筑主体结构 1及结构承托件 1-1处为后浇筑的混凝土或水泥聚合物混 凝土, 纵向钢筋 6-1位于碱性材料的保护内, 保护层 8的厚度满足要求;
3 )、 所述穿过保温层 3的钢箍 12满足防腐蚀要求 (用 Φ2.0、 Φ2.5或 Φ3的不锈 钢软态拉接钢丝作为抗剪切箍筋最适宜, 例如 0Crl8Ni9的奥氏体不锈钢的 Φ2.0不锈 钢软态拉接钢丝价格仅为 Φ6钢筋的 60%, 多能满足抗剪切要求, 且传热很少。 而当 前很多装配式墙体穿过非碱性保温层的钢箍、 斜拉钢筋仅是普通钢材, 不满足防腐蚀 要求。);
4 )、 在锚栓 20的套管内注入碱性材料 (如用水泥聚合物砂浆, 外端再用保温材 料堵上即可, 就可保证耐久年限不低于 50年, 施工方便、 价格低), 保护锚栓 20内 的射钉或其它钢制连接件满足耐久性要求;
5 )、 在普通水泥砂浆或普通混凝土的保护层厚度难以满足防腐蚀要求时, 钢筋 6 及焊缝周围一定范围内的保护层 8为水泥聚合物砂浆或水泥聚合物混凝土, 或水泥聚 合物砂浆或水泥聚合物混凝 ±内还添加硅灰, 满足防腐蚀要求。
6)、 预制墙板 15内设有纵向钢筋 6-1时, 上、 下层安装的预制墙板 15之间留有 距离, 有保证上下纵向钢筋 6-1连接长度的操作空间, 保 t正纵向钢筋 6-1 的保护层 8 厚度满足防腐蚀要求; 或在加工预制墙板时, 在纵向钢筋 6-1端头连接长度范围内的 保护层 8不形成, 安装中将上下层纵向钢筋 6-1端头连接后再抹灰, 形成上下纵向钢 筋 6-1接头处的保护层 8, 可保证纵向钢筋 6-1的保护层 8厚度满足防腐蚀要求; 也可在连接钢筋的部位涂刷防腐漆, 但是需要经常维修, 麻烦, 不如采取本实施 方式的永久性防腐蚀措施。
实施方式六: 见图 29、 图 51〜图 54, 本实施方式与实施方式 五之一的不同点 在于, 本实施方式预制墙板 15之间的接缝为弹性接缝; 设有预制条板 15-1时, 预制 墙板 15与预制条板 15-1之间的接缝为弹性接缝; 弹性接缝处有粘接材料 16, 粘接材 料 16将相邻预制墙板 15粘接连接,或 /和粘接材料 16将预制墙板 15与预制条板 15-1
粘接连接; 粘接材料 16能传递内力, 使装配式墙体形成一个共同的受力构件, 接缝 处粘接材料 16还具有适应一定变形的能力 (例如可适应在温度作用下变形的能力, 以及在荷载作用下变形的能力), 形成一种装配式墙体的弹性接缝构造。
接缝为可以传递内力的粘接连接包括弹性接缝及非弹性接缝 2种构造(非弹性接 缝适用于温差变化不激烈的地区), 但是均需要粘接连接, 粘接强度符合要求能传递 内力。 虽然不是弹性接缝装配式墙体也能连为一体, 但对于温差变化较大地区的建筑 易出现裂缝, 裂缝超过一定程度时就不能传递内力, 影响建筑耐久性。 弹性接缝构造 的装配式墙体适应温度及内力变形好, 装配式墙体耐久性好。
提供以下弹性接缝构造供参考, 根据施工方便及节能设计要求选用-
1 )、 接缝处粘接材料 16为弹性粘接材料 16-1 (如用水泥聚合物弹性砂浆或水泥 聚合物弹性保温砂浆粘接): 或接缝靠近温度变化激烈一侧 (通常是室外侧) 一定长 度内接缝的粘接材料 16为弹性粘接材料 16-1, 温度变化不大的一侧(通常是室内侧) 接缝的粘接材料 16为非弹性粘接材料 16-2 (如用玻璃化温度 0QC以上的合成树脂胶 粘剂配制水泥聚合物砂浆就没有弹性); 这也属于弹性接缝, 因为只要满足温度变化 激烈的一侧接缝为弹性接缝, 装配式墙体就可以适应温度变化发生的变形。
2 )、 或还在上述构造的基础上, 在接缝中部附近位置有隔热断桥构造(图 53、 图 54, 适用于采暖地区), 例如接缝处相邻预制墙板 15保温层 3中部有缺口, 在缺口位 置安装弹性保温材料 3-1, 弹性保温材料 3-1插入两侧保温层 3的缺口内, 或弹性保 温材料 3-1间断设置, 中间有空气间层保温, 以上形成隔热断桥构造; 弹性保温材料 3-1可以选用乙丙泡沫塑料、 聚乙烯软泡塑料及 EPS板等。
虽然相邻保温层 3在隔热断桥构造位置不相互连接, 但只要在接缝内外一定长度 范围内相邻的保温层 3相互粘接不小于一定长度, 接缝处仍然可以传递内力;
3 )、 或接缝处的截面形状为企口形状或阶梯形连接 (图 51 );
4 ) 、 或在上述构造的基础上, 接缝两侧或温度变化激烈一侧的保护层 8抹灰为 有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆 8-2, 有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆 8-2将网状抗拉材料 5与相 邻预制墙板 15或预制墙板 15与预制条板 15-1粘贴连接 (图 29、 图 5】〜图 54 ) ;
5 ) 、 或还有弹性密封胶 9 (图 29、 图 51〜图 54 ) , 弹性密封胶 9的安装位置有 以下 2种, 择一选用:
①、 在接缝缝隙外端有弹性密封胶 9粘接密封(用于气温变化激烈的装配式墙体 室外侧) ; 或在弹性密封胶 9的外端还有有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆 8-2, 有弹性的水 泥聚合物砂浆 8-2将网状抗拉材料 5与预制墙板 15及预制条板 15-1粘贴连接(图 52 );
②、在构造 4)有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆 8-2内夹网状抗拉材料 5,位于缝隙的外 端有弹性密封胶 9粘接密封(适用于装配式墙体室外缝隙处, 图 51、 图 53、 图 54 ) 。
根据装饰需要, 最外部有弹性密封胶 9可形成凹槽形装饰缝或不设凹槽装饰缝。 实施方式七: 本实施方式与实施方式一〜六之一的不同点在于, 本实施方式还增
加以下防火构造措施, 根据需要选用其中之一或多种选用:
1 )、 装配式墙体的保护层 8满足防火要求, 洞口保护层 8-1为门窗洞口防火隔离 带, 洞口保护层 8-1满足防火要求; 装配式墙体门窗洞口为隔热断桥洞口时, 用防火 保温材料作为洞口保温层 3,形成洞口保护层 8-1,如为保温砂浆、岩棉或硅酸铝板等; 洞口保护层为水泥砂浆或混凝土抹灰层, 或为改性的水泥砂浆或改性的混凝土抹灰 层, 形成有热桥洞口;
轻型复合保温墙板的保温层为有机材料时, 一般预制墙板保护层厚度 25mm (不 包括钢筋周边保护层), 大约可满足耐火极限 1小时, 根据防火要求调整保护层厚度。
2 )、 在锚栓 20外端的保护层 8内或表面有防火材料, 或栓 20外端的保护层 8就 是满足防火要求的保护层, 如锚栓外盖外局部有保温砂浆或发泡玻璃或石棉板, 增加 防火性能, 使锚栓 20满足防火要求;
位于洞口周边一定范围内的锚栓应采用此防火措施
3 )、 在装配式墙体内增加防火隔离带 11 , 防火隔离带 11满足防火要求; 如防火 隔离带 11为不燃或难燃保温材料 (如保温砂浆, 岩棉等)、 或水泥砂浆或混凝土, 或 为改性的水泥砂浆或改性的混凝土等; 防火隔离带 11 的设置有以下 2种方式, 根据 使用需要选择: ①、 在层间设置水平防火隔离带; ②、 在预制墙板 15垂直接缝内设 置垂直防火隔离带; 形成封闭式防火分区构造;
标准构造图集中弹性伸缩缝 30 内的保温材料为岩棉, 就是垂直防火隔离带, 见 图 39之 (1)、 图 40之 (1 );
4 )、钢筋 6的保护层满足防火要求,在建筑主体结构 1上设置的、与纵向钢筋 6-1 连接的预埋件 (譬如预埋钢筋)满足防火要求(如植筋安装支承时, 不允许用有机化 学胶植筋, 而应用无机化学胶植筋; 在支承周边灌注保护层, 就可以使得支承既满足 防火要求, 又满足防腐蚀要求, 见图 27。 若不设支承, 则没有此防火构造要求);
5 )、 门窗框外侧安装的保温条满足防火要求, 如抹保温砂浆, 或增加保温条的保 护层厚度等。
6 )、 在室内侧安装防火板, 如菱镁防火板、 憎水型硅酸铝板等。 可用于防火级别 要求更高时。
实施方式八: 本实施方式与实施方式一〜七之一的不同点在于, 本实施方式装配 式墙体的预制墙板 15为轻型复合保温墙板时, 预制墙板 15的保护层 8与保温层 3之 间采取以下连接构造, 根据使用需要 (如温差变化要求等)选择下面其中之一, 或多 种配合, 见图 47〜图 50:
1 )、 在保温层 3的一侧或两侧设有凹槽, 在凹槽内有水泥聚合物砂浆 4 , 水泥聚 合物砂浆 4与保温层 3粘接, 在水泥聚合物砂浆 4及保温层 3外侧有保护层 8, 保护 层 8与水泥聚合物砂浆 4及保温层 3粘接连接, 见图 47、 图 48;
2 )、 在保温层 3的一侧或两侧设有凹槽, 保温层 3—侧或两侧的表面全部都有水
泥聚合物砂桨 4, 保护层 8与水泥聚合物砂浆 4粘接, 见图 49、 图 50; 水泥聚合物砂 浆为有弹性的水泥聚合物砂桨或没有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆;
3 )、或保护层 8与保温层 3之间的粘接界面剂是含有硅灰的水泥硅灰聚合物胶浆 界面剂, 或水泥聚合物砂浆 4内还加有硅灰;
水泥聚合物砂浆为有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆或没有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆。水泥 聚合物砂浆 4采用有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆适应变形好。设有预制条板 15-1时,预制 条板 15-1的保护层 8与保温层 3之间也可采用上述构造。
实施方式九: 见图 32〜图 46, 本实施方式的一种装配式墙体, 它是由建筑主体结 构 1、 预制墙板 15、 钢筋 6、 钢箍 12及滑移减震构件 2组成; 所述建筑主体结构 1 为梁板柱墙及基础,例如,建筑主体结构 1为混凝土框架结构、型钢混凝土框架结构、 框剪结构、 钢管混凝土结构、 钢框架结构, 混凝土与钢的混合框架结构、 钢木框架结 构, 或为竹框架、 木框架结构等;
将预制墙板 15安装在建筑主体结构 1的混凝土板 1-2上,混凝土板 1-2承托所述 预制墙板 15; 混凝土板 1-2外端无保温层 (外端有保温层构造施工麻烦); 所述一种 装配式墙体与建筑主体结构 1的柱或剪力墙之间有以下 2种构造, 配合应用-
1 )、 预制墙板 15上端或下端与建筑主体结构 1的梁板外侧面连接, 构成装配式 墙体固定端, 另一端为滑移端; 预制墙板 15与柱或剪力墙不连接; 可在装配式墙体 与建筑主体结构 1的柱两侧缝隙的边缘安装弹性密封材料, 见图 42、 图 43 ;
建筑主体结构 1的梁板连接面较小不满足连接要求时, 或梁的外表面位于柱的内 侧时, 设置附加贴靠件 1-3, 附加贴靠件 1-3实质是建筑主体结构 1 的一部分, 附加 贴靠件 1-3是建筑主体结构 1的梁板在垂直方向的延伸;将预制墙板 15置于附加贴靠 件 1-3的外侧, 预制墙板 15上端或下端与附加贴靠件 1-3连接, 预制墙板 15与附加 贴靠件 1-3连接就是与建筑主体结构 1连接: 附加贴靠件 1-3为混凝土附加贴靠件、 钢制附加贴靠件、 或为混凝土与保温材料的复合构件;
2 )、 预制墙板 15与建筑主体结构 1的柱或剪力墙外侧面连接安装, 在柱或剪力 墙侧边设有弹性伸缩缝 30 (弹性伸缩缝位于柱边或柱边一定距离内,预制墙板长度突 出柱外的部位不得与梁连接, 图 39、 图 40 ) ; 在结构沉降缝、 温度伸缩缝及及阳角、 阴角等位置应采用此构造; 其它位置采用 1 ) 的构造。
滑移减震构件 2位于装配式墙体滑移端与建筑主体结构 1的混凝土板 1-2的接触 面上(如图 18中, 装配式墙体若安装滑移减震构件 2就成为可滑移的装配式墙体。); 在预制墙板 15的端头有滑移减震构件 2 : 或预制墙板 15的端头有滑移减震构件 2的部分零件, 滑移减震构件 2的其余部分零件位于建筑主体结构 1的混凝土板 1-2 上;
所述钢筋 6包括纵向钢筋 6-1及水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2 ;所述纵向钢筋 6-1包括 室外纵向钢筋 6-1-1及室内纵向钢筋 6-1-2, 所述水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2包括室外水
平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2-1、 室内水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2-2; 纵向钢筋 6-1位于预制墙 板 15垂直接缝的室内外保护层 8内,钢箍 12将室内外钢筋 6拉接,或在预制墙板 15 的保护层 8内还设置纵向钢筋 6-1 (图 32 );
位于装配式墙体固定端的室内纵向钢筋 6-1-2端头与建筑主体结构 1连接, 室外 纵向钢筋 6-1-1与建筑主体结构 1的混凝土板 1 -2连接;室内纵向钢筋 6-1 -2及室外纵 向钢筋 6-1-1的另一端与滑移减震构件 2连接;
位于结构沉降缝 30处(图 39、 图 40), 预制墙板 15之间垂直接缝需按沉降缝的 构造图集施工。 其余预制墙板 15之间的垂直接缝 (预制墙板缝隙的外端或沿缝隙全 长)有以下 2种连接构造,择一选用,或同时选用,或不同位置选用不同构造接缝(图 29):
1 )、 用粘接材料 16粘接, 粘接材料 16具有传递内力的作用, 预制墙板 15之间 可共同工作 (在粘接可靠条件下才能传递内力, 预制墙板 15之间材可以形成共同工 作的受力构件);
2 )、 用弹性密封胶 9粘接, 弹性密封胶 9不具有传递内力的作用 (仅是防水、 防 风, 不推荐采用, 或接缝内侧有梁柱处可采用);
将预制墙板 15之间连接, 形成-一种在建筑主体结构侧面安装的, 可包容建筑主 体结构 1的柱与梁之间变形的, 可滑移的装配式墙体。
位于室内外的钢筋 6各为 1根钢筋或各为并列的 2根钢筋(在并列的 2根钢筋之 间可设有钢筋拉接,或 /和在并列的 2根钢筋上焊接钢板或块状型钢。); 门窗洞口侧边 应设有钢筋 6,在门窗洞口窗台处设有水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2,或还在门窗洞口上方 设有水平钢筋或弧形钢筋 6-2, 或还在其它位置设有水平钢筋 6-2 (图】 3 ), 水平钢筋 或弧形钢筋 6-2与纵向钢筋 6-1连接; 钢箍 12将室内外钢筋 6拉接 (钢箍 12可为双 肢箍或为单肢箍);
说明-
1 )、 可滑移装配式墙体的纵向钢筋 6-1不宜为 1根钥筋, 因为单根钢筋不易与滑 移件的中心相重合, 用 2根钢筋易与滑移件的中心相重合。
2 )、 窗口上皮标高与梁相同时, 不必设置室内水平钢筋或弧形钢筋, 钢箍为单肢 箍直接与梁连接 (如在梁上钉钉, 不锈钢丝与钢钉缠绕绑扎连接)。
滑移减震构件 2可以有以下构造:
1 )、 滑移减震构件 2包括滑移件 2-1、 钢滑槽 2-2、 减震橡胶垫 2-3, 滑移件 2-1 与钢滑槽 2-2之间有减震橡胶垫 2-3 (图 45、 图 46); 滑移件 2-1位于预制墙板 15的 滑移端, 钢滑槽 2-2安装在混凝土扳 1 -2内,、 减震橡胶垫 2-3安装在钢滑槽 2-2内; 推荐选用此构造。 此构造减震橡胶垫承压面积大、 密封好, 对减震有利, 耐久性 好。 即组成滑移减震构件 2的部分零件滑移件 2-1安装在装配式墙体的滑移端, 另一 部分零件钢滑槽 2-2与减震橡胶垫 2-3安装在装配式墙体的固定端, 滑移端的滑移件
2-1可沿着固定端的钢滑槽 2-2及减震橡胶垫 2-3滑移; 钢滑槽 2-2及减震橡胶 2-3是 限位器, 可限制装配式墙体在钢滑槽 2-2内滑动;
2 )、 滑移件 2-1还可为减震胶轮或弹簧减震垫等 (未画图表示);
设置滑移减震构件的 g的是, 在风荷载或水平地震作用下, 装配式墙体滑移端与 固定端之间发生相对位移, 滑移件在钢滑槽的减震橡胶垫内移动, 并保证滑移端位于 钢滑槽 2-2内, 减震橡胶垫在三个方向都起到减震作用, 即本实施方式不仅是可滑移 装配式墙体, 还是在三个方向减震的装配式墙体;
在装配式墙体的窗下墙较长时,在窗下墙与楼面之间设附加滑移限位器 4 (图 35、 图 37), 附加滑移限位器 4与窗下墙及建筑主体结构 1的梁板固定, 附加滑移限位器 4可随着窗下墙发生滑动; 所述附加滑移限位器 4有角钢 4-1、 滑移孔 4-2 (角钢 4-1 上的滑移孔应满足水平滑移要求, 或还满足垂直滑移要求)、角钢 4-1与钢垫片 4-3之 间有滑移片 4-4 (聚四氟乙烯片)、 滑移螺杆 4-5 (应为不锈钢螺栓), 滑移螺杆 4-5上 有锚板 4-6; 滑移螺杆 4-5及铺板 4-6与装配式墙体内侧保护层锚固 (图 37, 用结构 胶粘接, 或锚板 4-6处局部保护层增厚锚固在一起); 角钢 4-1通过锚栓 4-7与建筑主 体结构 1的梁或板固定; 滑移螺杆 4-5穿过钢垫片 4-3、 滑移片 4-4、 滑移孔 4-2及装 配式墙体, 两端螺母固定; 滑移螺杆 4-5可在角钢的滑移孔 4-2内滑动。
可滑移的装配式墙体不是背景技术中 《预制混凝土外挂墙板》的外挂墙板, 可滑 移的装配式墙体重量不作用在附加滑移限位器 4上, 故附加滑移限位器 4所受的力远 远小于图集第 39页牛腿或型钢上的受力, 它仅起限位和满足滑移的作用, 安装简单; 可滑移装配式墙体不宜组装成带洞口的大墙板安装, 因为难以将滑移件与滑槽准 确对准。
将预制墙板 15安装在建筑主体结构 1侧面, 或用预制墙板 15作为建筑主体结构 1的一侧模板, 与装配式墙体同步施工安装;
所述预制墙板 15为各种构造的预制保温墙板; 例如: 1 )、 预制墙板 15为轻型复 合保温墙板, 轻型复合保温墙板的各种材料连为一体, 形成一个整体的受力构件 (附 图均表示用复合保温墙板, 因重量轻、 节能保温好、 安装方便、 价格低, 推荐采用); 2 )、 或为有内叶、 外叶混凝土及中间保温层的预制墙板, 依靠斜拉钢筋连接, 分层之 间变形有错动, 不符合材料力学作为一个整体受力构件的要求的预制墙板(即建筑标 准设计图集《预制混凝土外挂墙板》 08SJ110-2、 08SG333的构造, 或类似构造), 因 重量重, 节能不好, 不推荐采用; 3 )、 或为轻骨料混凝土板、 轻质混凝土板 (如稻壳 混凝土、 发泡混凝土)、 以及植物秸秆板、 纸蜂窝板等;
预制墙板 15为轻型复合保温墙板时, 轻型复合保温墙板由保温层 3、 保护层 8、 网状抗拉材料 5组成; 所述保温层 3为无机或有机保温材料, 如高分子保温材料、 发 泡水泥、 矿物棉、 植物秸秆、 纸蜂窝板、 保温砂浆、 稻壳混凝土、 胶粉聚苯颗粒、 发 泡玻璃等, 或为用无机材料改性增加防火性能的复合保温材料; 所述保温层 3为相同
保温材料, 或在不同位置的保温层 3为不同保温材料(例如局部为酚醛树脂或保温砂 浆, 而其它部位为 EPS板), 所述保温层 3内可设有加强肋或不设有加强肋 (加强肋 可增加墙板刚度, 加强肋内设有钢筋或不设有钢筋。 目前市场上的加强肋多为菱镁水 泥, 耐久性不好); 所述网状抗拉材料 5 为耐碱网布或玄武岩纤维网布或金属网; 所 述保护层 8为水泥砂浆或混凝土层, 或所述保护层 8为改性的水泥砂浆或改性的混凝 土层, 或所述保护层 8为硅^板、 水泥纤维板; 保护层 8的外表面为平面, 或保护层 8的外表面为粗糙面; 所述保护层 8位于保温层 3两侧, 保温层 3与保护层 8连接; 不同位置的保护层 8厚度可不同 (如在预制保温墙板边缘接缝部位保护层 8减薄, 图 23〜图 25; 设有钢筋时, 钢筋位置需加厚保护层 8, 图 32 ); 网状抗拉材料 5位于保护 层 8内, 或耐碱网布或玄武岩纤维网布可粘贴在保护层 8表面, 网状抗拉材料 5可选 用一种或同时选用多种安装, 或局部设有加强的网状抗拉材料 5; 或所述预制墙板 15 为钢丝网架水泥夹心板; 所述预制墙板 15的外表面可以设有装饰层或不设有装饰层; 位于滑移减震构件以外部位的水平接缝处应安装柔软或弹性保温材料, 或在保温 材料上还安装光滑材料。 既将水平缝密封保温、 又不妨碍上下板之间滑移。
可滑移装配式墙体应注意防止墙体水平接缝进水, 有以下几种办法, 供参考-
1 )、 在墙体外侧安装块状饰面材料, 水平接缝处上层的块状饰面材料下伸, 下层 的块状饰面材料缩短, 即用上层下伸的块状饰面材料遮盖水平接缝;
2 )、 在水平接缝处安装挡水盖板 40 (见图 45 ), 挡水盖板 40与水平接缝上部保 护层边缘固定 (用胶 ¾ί剂粘接, 还可再加自攻螺钉固定), 盖板遮盖水平接缝并向下 伸长;
3 )、 预制墙板的外保护层下端伸长, 遮盖下层预制保温墙板的上端断面, 即遮盖 水平接缝, 但预制较麻烦。
是否采用可滑移装配式墙体需根据当地地震设防烈度、 建筑高度、 基本风压、 建 筑重要性等级不同等确定, 本发明的两种装配式墙体可配合应用于建筑的不同部位。
实施方式十: 本实施方式与实施方式九的不同点在于, 本实施方式增加预制条板 15-1,纵向钢筋 6-1位于预制条板 15-1内;将预制条板 15-1按不大于一定间距设置在 预制墙板 15之间, 位于门窗洞口侧边有预制条板 15-1 :
纵向钢筋 6-1位于预制条板 15-1的室内外保护层 8内;
将预制条扳 15-1上端或下端与建筑主体结构 1的梁板侧面固定,形成装配式墙体 固定端, 另一端为滑移端; 将预制墙板 15与预制条板 15-1之间相互连接 (预制墙板 15与预制条板 15-1之间垂直接缝的连接与实施方式八中预制墙板 15之间接缝相同); 所述预制条板 15-1的端头有滑移减震构件 2; 或预制条板 15-1的端头有滑移减 震构件 2的部分零件, 滑移减震构件 2的其余部分零件位于混凝土板 1 -2上。
如实施方式三所述, 预制条板 15-1实质是预制墙板 15, 预制条板 15-1是装配式 墙体的一部分, 预制条板 15-1是为了安装钢筋所用。 预制条板 15-1的滑移端或固定
端就是装配式墙体的滑移端或固定端; 预制条板 15-1与预制墙板 15之间的垂直接缝 就是装配式墙体的垂直接缝, 垂直接缝构造与实施方式八中预制墙板 15之间的接缝 构造相同。
预制轻型复合保温墙板可以机械化预制生产, 上架养生。 在机械加工轻型复合保 温墙板时安装滑移件不方便, 难以安装准确, 并影响机械设备加工预制墙板效率; 虽 然可施工中在预制墙板 15接缝处安装纵向钢筋 6-1及滑移件 2- 1 , 但湿作业多。 因此 推荐按本实施方式设置预制条板 15-1 , 预制条板 15-1 内安装纵向钢筋及滑移件最为 方便, 位置易安装准确。 按图 31、 图 41支模预制条板很方便。
实施方式十一: 本实施方式与实施方式九或十的不同点是, 本实施方式增加结构 承托件 1-1, 结构承托件 1-1与建筑主体结构 1连接, 结构承托件 1-1是建筑主体结构 1在水平方向的外延(结构承托件 1-1实质是建筑主体结构 1的一部分); 所述结构承 托件 1-1为混凝士挑檐,或为金属承托件(建筑主体结构为钢结构时可用金属承托件, 也可在钢结构外支模浇筑混凝土挑檐;),或为木或竹的挑檐(竹框架、木框架结构时), 或 /和结构承托件 1-1为基础底板; 所述结构承托件 1-1为连续设置或为局部设置 (如 连续设置的混凝土挑檐, 或为局部设置的混凝土挑檐);
预制墙板 15、 预制条板 15-1置于所述结构承托件 1-1上;
预制墙扳 15或 /和预制条板 15-1的上端或下端与建筑主体结构 1侧面连接: 位于装配式墙体固定端的室外纵向钢筋 6-1-1与结构承托件 1-1连接; 在预制条板 15-1的端头有滑移减震构件 1, 或预制条板 15-1 的端头有滑移减震 构件 2的部分零件, 滑移减震构件 2的其余部分位于结构承托件 1-1上。
结构承托件 1-1为局部设置时, 预制墙板 15的端头设有缺口 10, 缺口 10的位置 与局部设置的结构承托件 1-1相对应; 或预制墙板 15的端头没有缺口 10, 但现场湿 作业多、 施工麻烦; 安装滑移减震构件处的挑檐需增厚 (图 33、 图 36)。
在预制墙板 15及预制条板 15-1为轻型复合保温墙板时, 设置结构承托件方便将 装配式墙体安装在建筑主体结构 1的梁柱外侧, 更方便施工, 节能保温更好。
大多数情况下位于室外的保温墙体需设结构承托件, 但如图 18就不需要结构承 托件, 因为混凝土板 1-2就承托预制墙板。
在墙体长度方向,钢滑槽 2-2的侧面有结构承托件 1 -1或混凝土板 1 -2 (用于安装 预制墙板 15 ), 钢滑槽 2-2与建筑主体结构 1连接 (即与结构承托件 1 -1或混凝土板
1-2连接); 位于装配式墙体滑移端的端头设有滑移件 2-1 , 滑移件 2-1 与钢滑槽 2-2 位置相对应;
还可将滑移减震构件 2中的钢滑槽 2-2直接与建筑主体结构 1连接, 或与两侧的 结构承托件 1-1 -一挑檐连接, 即钢滑槽 2-2就是结构承托件 1-1 , 见图 45、 图 46; 或相反, 将滑移减震构件 2的滑移件 2-1安装在建筑主体结构 1的混凝土板 1-2 或安装在结构承托件 1-1上, 即滑移件 2-1就是结构承托件 1- 1 , 钢滑槽 2-2及减震橡
胶 2-3位于预制条板 15-1的端头; 只要安装构造允许滑移件 2-1与钢滑槽 2-2及减震 橡胶 2-3之间发生相对位移即可。
图 45、 图 46表示减震橡胶垫内设有垂直孔洞, 减震橡胶垫受压后, 有侧向膨胀 的空间, 起到减震作用。在减震橡胶两侧有保温防火材料如硅酸铝棉毡、岩棉 3-1等。
本实施方式不仅可应用于外墙, 还可应用于滑移减震内墙(如用于图 18, 成为可 滑移装配式墙体), 滑移减震内墙可位于梁下安装。 若在建筑的内外墙上都安装了滑 移减震构件, 必定大大减轻建筑的地震作用。
实施方式十二: 本实施方式与实施方式九 十一之一的不同点是, 装配式墙体与 建筑主体结构 1的连接还有以下方式, 选择其中 1种或多种方式连接:
1 )、用锚栓 20将预制墙板 15或还有预制条板 15-1与建筑主体结构〗或附加贴靠 件 1-3的侧面固定;
2 )、用胶结材料将预制墙板 15或还有预制条板 15-1与建筑主体结构 1的梁板柱、 剪力墙侧面粘接, 或 /和与附加贴靠件 1 -3侧面粘接;
3 )、 用胶结材料将预制墙板 15或还有预制条板 15-1的固定端端头与结构承托件 1-1或混凝土板 1-2粘接, 或在粘接面之间的胶结材料内还设有网状抗拉材料 5; 网状 抗拉材料 5外伸与保护层 8连接, 网状抗拉材料 5与建筑主体结构 1连接 (网状抗拉 材料 5与建筑主体结构 1的粘接需满足锚固长度);
此外, 预制墙板 15、 预制条板 15-1与建筑主体结构〗粘接面的保护层内可预埋 铁件, 与建筑主体结构 1连接。
实施方式十三: 本实施方式与实施方式九〜十二之一的不同点在于, 装配式墙体 与建筑主体结构 1连接采取实施方式五的防腐蚀措施, 并且在组成滑移减震构件 2中 钢材周围一定范围内的保护层 8为水泥聚合物砂浆或水泥聚合物混凝土, 或水泥聚合 物砂浆或水泥聚合物混凝土内还添加硅灰, 满足防腐蚀要求。
实施方式十四: 见图 29、 图 51〜图 54, 本实施方式与实施方式九〜十三之一的不 同点在于, 本实施方式采取实施方式六的弹性接缝构造。
实施方式十五: 本实施方式与实施方式九〜十四之一的不同点在于, 本实施方式 还增加防火构造措施, 防火构造措施按实施方式七搭配选用。
实施方式十六: 本实施方式与实施方式九〜十五之一的不同点在于, 本实施方式 装配式墙体的预制墙板 15、 预制条板 15-1为轻型复合保温墙板时, 在保护层 8与保 温层 3之间采取实施方式八的连接构造。
关于本发明的几点说明:
1、 本发明的一种装配式墙体, 是一种在建筑主体结构侧面安装的装配式墙体, 安装的条件是建筑主体结构侧面应满足一定宽度, 包括与梁、 板的侧面连接安装, 如 不满足所需宽度需安装附加贴靠件, 如在楼面板边安装垂直混凝土板、 钢骨架立柱或 混凝土构造柱等。 如图 17的混凝土板 1-2外端有挑檐 1-1形成 T形、 图 20的混凝土
板 1-2为 L形, 图 19安装钢骨架的附加贴靠件, 预制墙板与附加贴靠件连接安装。 本发明在以预制墙板 15作为建筑主体结构 1的一侧模板时, 最下一层装配式墙 体的预制墙板 15底部安装在基础梁板侧面挑檐 1-1上,与基础梁侧面安装,或预制墙 板 15底面直接粘贴安装在基础梁板上。
2、本发明的预制墙板 15、预制条板 15-1的保护层 8就是装配式墙体的保护层 8, 但在施工误差大时需找补抹灰。
3、 所述保护层 8为改性的水泥砂浆或改性的混凝土层, 包含以下意义:
1 )、 添加外加剂、 粉煤灰、 石粉、 硅灰、 防水剂、 保水剂、 阻裂纤维等材料改性 的水泥砂浆或改性的混凝土, 阻裂纤维有聚丙烯短切纤维、 耐碱玻璃短切纤维、 玄武 岩纤维及麻刀等。
2 )、 还包括添加保水剂、 高分子胶粘剂形成的水泥聚合物砂浆或水泥聚合物混凝 土;以及还添加硅灰形成的水泥硅灰聚合物砂浆或水泥硅灰聚合物混凝土。其作用是- 比普通水泥砂浆或混凝土的强度高、裂缝少或可不发生, 对保护钢筋防止腐蚀的效果 更好。
3 )、 还包括菱镁水泥砂浆, 可应用于对耐久性要求不高的建筑。
4 )、还包括特殊部位满足防火要求的保护层,如在锚栓外端园盖外的保护层较薄, 约为装配式墙体保护层厚度的一半, 为保证火灾时锚栓不融化破坏, 应局部增强锚栓 园盖外保护层的隔热防火性能, 如用保温砂浆保护层、 发泡玻璃、 发泡陶瓷等其它无 机隔热防火材料。
4、 实施方式三、 十二的胶结材料有多种选择, 譬如: 1 )水泥砂浆或水泥聚合物 砂浆。 如前述, 水泥聚合物砂浆保水性好, 粘接强度高, 推荐选用; 2 )弹性密封胶。 价格高, 但粘接强度低, 多不能满足粘接强度要求。 3 ) 聚氨酯发泡胶可用于保温层 之间粘接, 但粘接强度和弹性不一定满足要求; 4)、 结构胶。 价高、 操作不便、 弹 性不好, 一般不宜应用。
5、 关于钢筋设置:
1 )、 普通装配式墙体不安装外墙悬挂物时可不设置钢筋, 成为不满足结构极限状 态设计的墙体 (例如轻质砌体填充墙是不按结构公式计算的墙体), 当然在洞口设置 钢筋为好, 既方便可靠固定窗户, 又可形成隔热断桥构造, 并成为与建筑主体结构有 相同安全度的墙体。 但可滑移装配式墙体应设置钢筋, 否则不方便安装滑移减震件。
2 )、 室内外钢筋通常对称设置, 也可以一侧为并列的双钢筋, 另侧为单根钢筋, 钢箍呈三角形拉接; 安装可滑移装配式墙体的垂直钢筋应对称设置, 并列的 2根钢筋 上安装的钢板可按图 31垂直于墙体安装, 或安装在 2根钢筋之间。
3 )、 设置洞口水平钢筋可防止门窗洞口转角抹灰保护层开裂。 水平钢筋一般可为 4 镀锌钢筋, 方便与两侧钢筋连接。 有必要设置直径较大的水平钢筋时, 水平钢筋 与洞口两侧钢筋通过与连接钢板焊接连接。 水平钢筋可仅位于门窗洞口上下, 也可位
于其它部位, 例如图 13有两个并列窗户时, 两个窗户之间的水平钢筋可贯通拉接。 窗口为弧形时, 现场安装弧形保温层及弧形钢筋。
6、 关于钢箍设置和装配式墙体抗剪切:
预制墙扳的保温层为 EPS板时, EPS板抗拉强度值在 0.15〜0.24Mpa之间, 参照 混凝土结构斜截面强度计算公式, 将 EPS板抗拉强度设计值取为 O.lMpa (供参考), 大多数情况下,墙体依靠 EPS板自身抗拉强度可以满足抗剪切要求, 钢箍仅仅是构造 设置。 用 0Crl8Ni9不锈钢软态钢丝作为钢箍构造设置即可。 因直径小、 重量少 (Φ2 不锈钢钢丝重量 25g/m )、 强度高、 传热少、 柔软、 安装弯折方便、 耐久性好, 按长度 计算其造价仅为为 Φ6钢筋的 60%。
窗间墙较窄抗剪切不满足要求时, 需按结构设计要求设置抗剪切钢箍, 如图 30。 考虑抗弯、 抗剪切及正常使用状态要求, 可能还需要将窗间墙加厚, 才能满足结构极 限状态要求。 Φ2、 Φ2.5、 Φ3不锈钢钢丝软态抗拉强度设计值分别为 1.4Ν、 2.16Ν、 3.1ΚΝ。
7、 对垂直干墙面的水平荷载分析及配筋:
在预制墙板为轻型复合保温墙板, 轻型复合保温墙板的各种材料连为一体, 形成 一个整体的受力构件, 在保护层厚度 25mm的条件下, 装配式墙体自重轻。 对北京地 区风荷载组合及水平地震作用与风荷载的组合, 二者取其大者, 风荷载组合起控制作 用, 风荷载组合值是水平地震作用与风荷载组合的 2〜2.5倍。 对绝大多数地区, 也是 风荷载组合起控制作用。 即在地震烈度高于常遇地震一级时, 装配式墙体自身是安全 的。通过调整保温层厚度和调整网状抗拉材料规格可增加抗弯能力, 仅用网状抗拉材 料大多可满足装配式墙体抗弯设计要求。 水平荷载很大如有飓风台风的地区, 可能用 网状抗拉材料不能满足抗弯配筋要求, 这就需要在预制墙板内设置纵向钢筋。
设置纵向钢筋达到以下 : 1 )、 在洞口薄弱处设置钢筋, 满足洞 Π附近截面抗弯 设计要求; 2 )、 安装墙体悬挂物需设置钢筋; 4)、 可滑移装配式墙体需设置钢筋。
8、 本发明的装配式墙体满足极限状态设计要求时包括:
1 )、 承载力极限状态设计;
2)、 正常使用极限状态设计。 试验证明: 保温层 EPS板厚度 140mni、 两侧水泥砂 浆保护层厚度各 30mm、 预制墙板厚度 200ram, 跨度为 3.0m的简支板, 复合保温墙 板形成一个整体的受力构件时, 在垂直荷载 2.5KN/U12作用下, 挠度仅为 3min。 大跨 度及水平荷载较大时, 应通过试验检测变形值, 将挠度控制在允许范围内。
9、网状抗拉材料可替代钢材应用。根据《耐碱玻璃纤维网布》 JCL841-2007标准, 按耐碱网布的耐碱强度保留率为 75%,耐碱网布抗拉强度设计值约为耐碱强度保留值 的 60%, 见表 4耐碱网布可替代的钢材面积, 装配式墙体为配筋墙体。
目前己经有玄武岩丝及玄武岩布, 还有玄武岩钢筋。 无疑, 必将出现用玄武岩丝 编织的玄武岩纤维网。 玄武岩丝具有优异的耐老化、 耐高温、 抗酸碱性能、 优异的力
学性能, 由玄武岩丝编织的玄武岩纤维网布必将出现。 随着科技的发展, 可能还有其 它适于做网状抗拉材料的网, 应用于本发明的复合墙体。
注: 表 4按钢材抗拉强度设计值 210N/mm2计算可替代的钢材面积。
10、 本发明弹性粘接村料 16-1与弹性密封胶 9的区别在于:
接缝处弹性粘接材枓 16-1的延伸率远远小于弹性密封胶 9,其弹性伸长率一般不 大于 3%, 可满足弹性接缝粘接强度要求, 才可传递内力, 又有一定弹性, 适应一定 变形。
而弹性密封胶 9的弹性伸长率可达数倍甚至 10倍, 伸长率越大抗拉强度越低。 不要求弹性密封胶 9具有传递力的作用, 应用弹性密封胶 9的作用是:
1 ) 、 在外观上看不到裂缝; 2 ) 、 具有防水、 防风作用。
因此, 采用弹性密封胶 9是对接缝处理的双重保险。
在缝隙较宽时, 可能在粘接材料 16中需要加入微膨胀剂。
11、 装配式墙体为节能墙体时, 保温层厚度需考虑以下因素-
1 )、 是否需满足极限状态设计要求
增加保温层厚度有助于满足抗弯和抗剪切, 并减少弯曲变形。
2 )、 满足节能保温要求。
3 )、 满足安装滑移减震构件时保温层的最小厚度要求。
4 )、 永久性建筑墙体的厚度要满足使用舒适度要求。
12、 本发明的网状抗拉材料与钢筋连接的连接是通过以下方法实现的:
1 )、 安装预制条板时, 预制条板内有纵向钢筋 6-1, 在预制条板外侧抹保护层时 ('抹水泥聚合物弹性砂浆为宜), 安装网状抗拉材料与侧面预制墙板搭接粘接, 从而 将预制条板与预制墙板连接, 即网状抗拉材料与钢筋的连接是通过胶结材料粘接连接 的。
2 )、 在预制墙板接缝处现场安装钢筋时, 网状抗拉材料与钢筋绑扎连接: 再加上 钢筋抹灰时的胶结材料粘接连接。
13、 关于门窗安装:
位于洞口侧面的钢筋上应预埋与窗口水平钢筋连接的铁件或钢筋 6-3 (图 M )。 门窗安装时,将门窗上的安装钢片交错与图 31窗口边钢筋上安装的连接钢片 6-3 固定。 隔热断桥洞口室外侧应安装保温薄条遮盖窗框与墙体之间的缝隙。
14、 对实施方式一、 九的装配式墙体, 没有要求弹性接缝构造, 适用于冬夏温差 较小地区的建筑, 而对于冬夏温差较大地区的建筑, 应采用实施方五、 六弹性接缝接 缝构造。价格较低、施工方便的粘接材料 16为水泥聚合物砂浆(有弹性或没有弹性)、 水泥聚合物保温砂浆 (有弹性或没有弹性)、 聚氨酯发泡胶 (质量不同: 有的有弹性、 有的无弹性, 有的粘接强度可以满足要求、 有的粘接强度不满足要求)。 有弹性的水 泥聚合物砂浆 8-2也是接缝处弹性粘接材料 16-1, 但是它不仅位于预制复合保温板 1 的接缝处, 还位于接缝两端保护层 8—定范围内, 扩大了弹性粘接材料的范围, 适应 变形更好, 用有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆 8-2表示弹性粘接材料 16-1安装位置不同。
15、 实施方式五、 十三的防腐蚀措施的说明- 装配式墙体保护层厚度满足防火要求时, 可能还不满足钢筋防腐蚀要求, 若全部 增加保护层厚度增加重量, 对建筑抗震不利, 且更容易出现裂缝, 增加施工难度。 所 以仅在钢筋周围保护层局部增厚, 或保护层为水泥聚合物砂浆或水泥聚合物混凝土。
16、 本发明可以在结构承托件 (结构承托件多为挑檐) 的外端采用保温构造, 但 存在以下问题:
1 )、此构造时预制墙板 15的外侧位于结构承托件 1-1或混凝土板 1-2的外侧, 即 装配式墙体外保护层的重量位于结构承托件 1-1或混凝土板 1-2的外侧, 需设置支承 1-1-5, 支承吊挂钢筋(图 21、 图 22 ), 由钢筋吊挂外保护层的重量, 增加安装复杂性;
2 )、 在挑檐局部设置时, 增加的传热系数很少, 外保温时仅减少传热系数约 0.01-0.02 w/m2.k, 又施工麻烦, 故不推荐采用, 因此在实施方式四、 九中就没有关于 结构承托件外保温, 设置支承, 吊挂钢筋及外保护层的说明, 在表 3数据中未列入。
严寒地区应防止挑檐和安装滑移减震构件处结露, 混凝土可用轻骨料混凝土。
17、 本发明的装配式墙体为节能墙体时, 预制墙板应为轻型复合保温墙板; 非节 能墙体时,预制墙板可为混凝土板、轻质混凝土板等,但不推荐预制墙板为混凝土板。
】8、 实施方式一〜八的普通装配式墙体也可应用于剪力墙结构, 虽然增加了预制 墙板成本, 但是减少外部保护层抹灰的工程量、 减少昂贵的人工支出, 且可降低保温 材料的导热系数。 应用于剪力墙结构时, 不必设置室内钢筋。
Claims
1. 一种装配式墙体, 包括: 预制墙板、 建筑主体结构:
其特征在于, 它还包括结构承托件; 在建筑主体结构的外侧设有结构承托件, 结 构承托件与建筑主体结构连接;
预制墙板置于建筑主体结构的梁柱、剪力墙外侧;预制墙板安装在结构承托件上, 预制墙板与建筑主体结构的侧面连接;
将预制墙板之间连接, 形成一种在建筑主体结构侧面安装的装配式墙体。
1、 根据权利要求所述 1的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于, 用混凝土板替代混结构承托件, 预制墙板安装在混凝土板上, 预制墙板之间接缝连接有以下 2种构造, 择一选用或不同位置选用不同构造:
1 )、用粘接材料粘接, 粘接材料具有传递内力的作用, 预制墙板之间可共同工作;
2 )、 用弹性密封胶粘接, 弹性密封胶不具有传递内力的作用;
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的装配式墙体,
其特征在于,所述预制墙板与所述建筑主体结构还通过以下一种或多种方式连接: 1 )、 用锚栓将预制墙板与建筑主体结构或附加贴靠件的侧面固定;
2 )、 用胶结材料将预制墙板与建筑主体结构侧面粘接,或 /和与附加贴靠件侧面粘 接;
3 )、 用胶结材料将预制墙板的端头与结构承托件或混凝土板粘接, 或在粘接面之 间的胶结材料内还设有网状抗拉材料, 或在上下预制墙板之间的粘接面内设有网状抗 拉材料; 粘接面内网状抗拉材料与室内侧保护层连接。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于, 它还包括钢筋及钢箍, 或还包括预制条板;
钢筋包括纵向钢筋及水平钢筋或弧形钢筋, 或钢筋为在门窗洞口周边设置的环形 钢筋; 所述纵向钢筋包括室外纵向钢筋及室内纵向钢筋, 水平钢筋或弧形钢筋包括室 外水平钢筋或弧形钢筋、 室内水平钢筋或弧形钢筋;
包括预制条板时, 预制条板位于预制墙板之间, 结构承托件或混凝土板承托预制 条板, 预制条板与建筑主体结构的外侧面连接;
纵向钢筋位于预制墙板垂直接缝处的保护层内, 或纵向钢筋位于所述预制条板的 保护层内, 钢箍将室内外钢筋拉接, 或在预制墙扳的保护层内还设置纵向钢筋;
将预制墙板之间相互连接, 或 /和将预制条板与预制墙板之间连接。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于, 它还包括钢筋及钢箍, 或还包括预制条板;
钢筋包括纵向钢筋及水平钢筋或弧形钢筋, 或钢筋为在门窗洞口周边设置的环形 钢筋; 所述纵向钢筋包括室外纵向钢筋及室内纵向钢筋, 水平钢筋或弧形钢筋包括室 外水平钢筋或弧形钢筋、 室内水平钢筋或弧形钢筋;
设有预制条板时, 预制条板位于预制墙板之间, 结构承托件或混凝土板承托预制 条板, 预制条板与建筑主体结构的外侧面连接;
纵向钢筋位于预制墙板垂直接缝处的保护层内, 或纵向钢筋位于所述预制条板的 保护层内, 钢箍将室内外钢筋拉接, 或在预制墙板的保护层内还设置纵向钢筋;
将预制墙板之间相互连接, 或 /和将预制条板与预制墙板之间连接。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于, 所述预制墙板之间的接缝为弹性接缝;
弹性接缝处有粘接材料,粘接材料将相邻预制墙板接连接;粘接材料能传递内力, 使装配式墙体形成一个共同的受力构件,接缝处粘接材料还具有适应一定变形的能力, 形成一种装配式墙体的弹性接缝构造。
7、 根据权利要求 3所述的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于, 所述预制墙板之间的接缝为弹性接缝;
弹性接缝处有粘接材料,粘接材料将相邻预制墙板接连接;粘接材料能传递内力, 使装配式墙体形成一个共同的受力构件,接缝处粘接材料还具有适应一定变形的能力, 形成一种装配式墙体的弹性接缝构造。
8、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于, 所述预制墙板之间的接缝为弹性接缝; 设有预制条板时, 预制墙板 与预制条板之间的接缝为弹性接缝;
弹性接缝处有粘接材料, 粘接材料将相邻预制墙板接连接, 或 /和粘接材料将预制 墙板与预制条板粘接;粘接材料能传递内力,使装配式墙体形成一个共同的受力构件, 接缝处粘接材料还具有适应一定变形的能力, 形成一种装配式墙体的弹性接缝构造。
9、 根据权利要求 5所述的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于, 所述预制墙板之间的接缝为弹性接缝; 设有预制条板时, 预制墙板 与预制条板之间的接缝为弹性接缝;
弹性接缝处有粘接材料, 粘接材料将相邻预制墙板接连接, 或 /和粘接材料将预制 墙板与预制条板粘接;粘接材料能传递内力,使装配式墙体形成一个共同的受力构件, 接缝处粘接材料还具有适应一定变形的能力, 形成一种装配式墙体的弹性接缝构造。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 1所述的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于, 所述装配式墙体的预制墙板为轻型复合保温墙板时, 预制墙板的保 护层与保温层之间釆取以下连接构造, ί艮据使用需要选择下面一种或多种配合连接:
Π、 在保温层的一侧或两侧设有凹槽, 在凹槽内有水泥聚合物砂浆, 水泥聚合物 砂桨与保温层粘接, 在水泥聚合物砂浆及保温层外侧有保护层, 保护层与水泥聚合物 砂浆及保温层粘接; 水泥聚合物砂浆为有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆或没有弹性的水泥聚 合物砂浆;
2 )、 在保温层的一侧或两侧设有凹槽, 保温层一侧或两侧的表面全部都有水泥聚
合物砂浆, 保护层与水泥聚合物砂浆粘接; 水泥聚合物砂浆为有弹性的水泥聚合物砂 浆或没有弹性的水泥聚合物砂浆;
3 )、 或保护层与保温层之间的粘接界面剂是含有硅灰的水泥硅灰聚合物胶浆界面 剂, 或水泥聚合物砂浆内还加有硅灰。
11、 一种装配式墙体, 包括: 预制墙板、 建筑主体结构、 钢筋及钢箍; 将预制墙板安装在混凝土板 .1:., 混凝土板承托所述预制墙板;
其特征在于, 它还包括滑移减震构件;
所述预制墙板的上端或下端与建筑主体结构侧面连接安装, 构成所述装配式墙体 的固定端, 另一端为滑移端; 预制墙板与柱或剪力墙不连接;
所述预制墙板端头有滑移减震构件; 或预制墙板的端头有滑移减霞构件的部分零 件, 滑移减震构件的其余部分零件位于混凝土板上;
钢筋包括纵向钢筋及水平钢筋或弧形钢筋; 所述纵向钢筋包括室外纵向钢筋及室 内纵向钢筋, 所述水平钢筋或弧形钢筋包括室外水平钢筋或弧形钢筋、 室内水平钢筋 或弧形钢筋; 所述纵向钢筋位于预制墙板垂直接缝的室内外保护层内, 钢箍将室内外 钢筋拉接, 或在预制墙板的保护层内还设置纵向钢筋;
将预制墙板之间连接, 形成一种在建筑主体结构侧面安装的, 可包容建筑主体结 构的柱与梁之间变形的, 可滑移的装配式墙体。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于, 它还包括预制条板, 纵向钢筋位于预制条板内;
所述预制条板置于所述预制墙板之间, 位于门窗洞口侧边有预制条板, 纵向钢筋 位于预制条板的室内外保护层内;
将预制条板上端或下端与建筑主体结构的梁扳侧面固定, 形成装配式墙体的固定 端, 另一端为滑移端; 将预制墙板与预制条板之间连接;
所述预制条板的端头有滑移减震构件; 或预制条板的端头有滑移减震构件的部分 零件, 滑移减震构件的其余部分零件位于混凝土板上。
13、 根据权利要求 11或 12所述的一种装配式墙体,
其特征在于,用结构承托件替代混凝土板,结构承托件与所述建筑主体结构连接; 预制墙板或还有预制条板安装在所述结构承托件上;
预制墙板或 /和预制条板的上端或下端与建筑主体结构侧面连接;
预制墙板或预制条板的端头有滑移减震构件的部分零件, 滑移减震构件的其余部 分位于结构承托件上。
14、 根据权利要求 11或 12所述的装配式墙体,
其特征在于,所述预制墙板或 /和预制条板与所述建筑主体结构还通过以下一种或 多种方式连接:
1 )、用锚栓将预制墙板或还有预制条板与建筑主体结构或附加贴靠件的侧面固定:
2)、 用胶结材料将预制墙板或还有预制条板与建筑主体结构侧面粘接, 或 /和与附 加贴靠件侧面粘接;
3 )、 用胶结材枓将预制墙板或还有预制条板的固定端端头与结构承托件或混凝土 板粘接, 或在粘接面之间的胶结材料内还设有网状抗拉材料; 网状抗拉材料外伸与保 护层连接, 网状抗拉材料与建筑主体结构连接。
】5、 根据权利要求 13所述的装配式墙体,
其特征在于,所述预制墙板或 /和预制条板与所述建筑主体结构还通过以下一种或 多种方式连接:
1 )、用锚栓将预制墙板或还有预制条板与建筑主体结构或附加贴靠件的侧面固定;
2 )、 用胶结材料将预制墙板或还有预制条板与建筑主体结构侧面粘接,或 /和与附 加贴靠件侧面粘接;
3 )、 用胶结材料将预制墙板或还有预制条板的固定端端头与结构承托件或混凝土 板粘接, 或在粘接面之间的胶结材料内设有网状抗拉材料; 网状抗拉材料外伸与保护 层连接, 网状抗拉材料与建筑主体结构连接。
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CN104695589A (zh) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-06-10 | 东南大学 | 一种预制装配混凝土剪力墙拼缝处连接结构及方法 |
CN111155664A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-05-15 | 中建二局第二建筑工程有限公司 | 加气混凝土砌块填充墙裂缝控制施工工法 |
CN111155664B (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-06-08 | 中建二局第二建筑工程有限公司 | 加气混凝土砌块填充墙裂缝控制施工工法 |
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