Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
  • C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
  • C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
  • C08G18/0823—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups containing carboxylate salt groups or groups forming them
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
  • C08G18/3225—Polyamines
  • C08G18/3228—Polyamines acyclic
  • C08G18/3231—Hydrazine or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
  • C09D175/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
  • C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of polyurethanes especially urethane-acrylic based dispersions.
• Urethane-acrylic (U-A) dispersions have good resistance to water, chemicals, solvents and abrasion and so are commonly used in coating compositions such as decorative and protective coatings.
• both the acrylic part and the polyurethane (PU) part must be dispersed in water.
• suitable groups such as ionic or non-ionic hydrophilic groups in the polyurethane polymer either pendant to the polymer chain or in-chain.
• groups include anions such as carboxylic, sulfonic, sulfate or phosphate groups that are typically incorporated into the PU by reacting compounds containing reactive hydrogen and at least one suitable acid group (typically a carboxylic acid) with polyisocyanate to form the polyurethane component of the urethane-acrylic dispersion. It is undesirable that large amounts of acidic materials remain in the resultant dispersion thus a substantial part (if not all) of the acid present must be neutralised in the final product.
• volatile amines also have various disadvantages. For example they readily evaporate volatile organic compounds (VOC) during the film formation causing unacceptable environmental pollution and/or poor indoor air quality when used indoors. The use of such materials may be more strictly regulated in the future. Therefore it is desirable to find an alternative method of providing stable aqueous urethane-acrylic dispersions and/or neutralising acidic materials used during their preparation.
• VOC volatile organic compounds
• US 2968575 describes a PU latex dispersed in water using an emulsifier.
• US 4,501 ,852 describes stable aqueous dispersions of polyurethane- ureas containing (i) 10-120 meq per 100 g of anionic groups chemically incorporated therein and (ii) up to about 10% by weight of hydrophilic chains containing ethylene oxide (EO) units.
• the formulation contains a mixture of volatile and non-volatile cations in an equivalent ratio from about 1 :4 to 4:1.
• component (ii) a non-ionic polyether monoalcohol of n-butanol, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (in a molar ratio 83:17) having an OH-number of 26. This component aids dispersion but increases water sensitivity.
• the examples also use the undesirable NMP as a solvent.
• US 4,701 ,480 describes aqueous polyurethane-urea dispersions with improved hydrolytic stability formed from an aqueous polyurethane-urea-dispersion containing carboxylic acid groups neutralized with volatile organic bases which are then converted to non-volatile cations by adding alkali metal salts of organic or inorganic acids in an amount sufficient to displace at least a portion of the volatile organic bases.
• the volatile organic bases may be optionally removed by distillation under reduced pressure. All the examples contain NMP and distillation is undesirable because it uses large amounts of energy and may cause excessive foaming (as described in US 2010/0099967 in comparative example XVI).
• prepolymer (containing 2-10% by weight of isocyanate groups and 10-100 meq of carboxylic groups) is prepared by reacting: a polyol with a carboxylic acid group; a non- ionic polyol, and a (cyclo)aliphatic polyisocyanate.
• the prepolymer is dispersed in an aqueous solution of an alkaline metal hydroxide and then the prepolymer is chain extended with a polyamine.
• EP1 153051 describes aqueous dispersions of anionic polyurethanes with pendant carboxylic acid groups that are neutralised with a reactive volatile amine compound (tertiary amino functional acrylic monomer (DMAEMA)) that is subsequently incorporated in the polymer backbone by radical polymerization. Unreacted free monomer remains in the final product which thus still contains volatile amines.
• the monomer may also contain impurities in the monomer and hydrolysis may generate the undesirable side product dimethylethanol amine.
• W093/24551 describes an aqueous polyurethane polymer dispersion comprising the reaction product of: organic polyisocyanate; polyester polyol which incorporate polymerized units derived from dimer acid; non-ionic and/or ionic dispersing groups and at least one of the following polymerized units: cyclo-aliphatic polyol of molecular weight (Mw) ⁇ 400; cyclo-aliphatic polyacid of MW ⁇ 400, aromatic polyol MW ⁇ 500, aromatic diacid Mw ⁇ 500 and an active hydrogen chain extending compound.
• Mw molecular weight
• WO 2001 -027179 (Stahl) describes an anionic polyurethane dispersion which is neutralised by a tertiary amine functional urethane polymer or oligomer.
• the polymeric material is less volatile than reagents such as TEA, this method adds extra expense and complexity to preparation of the PU dispersion and is not completely successful at removing all acidic groups.
• the invention comprises a process for preparing an aqueous dispersion of a polyurethane [A], the process comprising the steps of:
• component one comprises 10 to 80% by weight of at least one polyisocyanate optionally containing at least one anionic or potentially anionic dispersing group;
• optional component two comprises up to 15% by weight of at least one isocyanate-reactive polyol containing at least one anionic or potentially anionic dispersing group;
• component three comprises 15 to 85% by weight of at least one
• optional component four comprises up to 20% by weight of at least one isocyanate reactive polyol other than component three and two if present and having a weight average molecular weight less than 500 Daltons; where if component two is not present component one or three contains at least one anionic or potentially anionic dispersing group;
• step (a) where the mixture used in step (a) is substantially free of volatile amines and N-alkyl pyrrolidinones;
• step (b) adding to the reaction mixture from step (a) an alkali metal neutralising agent in an amount from 0.05 to 6 parts by weight substantially to neutralise the isocyanate terminated prepolymer obtained from step (a);
• step (a) where the amount (in weight parts) of the alkali metal neutralising agent is calculated based on the weight of alkali metal in the neutralising agent relative to the total amount of components one to four in step (a) being equal to 100 parts;
• step (c) reacting the neutralised prepolymer from step (b) with an active hydrogen compound to extend the chain of the prepolymer to form an aqueous dispersion of polyurethane A.
• any of components (1 ) (2) and/or (3) may comprise at least one anionic or potentially anionic dispersing group.
• the isocyanate component (1 ) does not contain an anionic or potentially anionic dispersing group but instead at least one such group comprises the polyol component (2).
• step (a) comprises:
• step (b) occurs during or substantially immediately after step (a).
• step (b) the metal cation from the alkali metal neutralising agent forms a counterion for the anionic group thereon (and/or anionic group formed from the potential anionic groups thereon)
• a further aspect of the invention provides a process for preparing an aqueous coating composition comprising bringing into intimate admixture components (i) and (ii):
• compositions (i) and (ii) add up to 100% and are calculated based on weight of solids (excluding the water); and where the composition (and both components (i) and (ii)) are substantially free of volatile amines and N-alkyl pyrrolidinones.
• both components (i) and (ii) form different phases which are present in the same particles.
• the polyurethane A and/or the vinyl polymer B are self cross-linkable, preferably Schiff base cross-linkable, under ambient conditions. More preferably the polyurethane A comprises a carbonyl group capable of undergoing Schiff base self-cross-linking.
• a still further aspect of the invention provides an aqueous coating composition obtained and/or obtainable by a process of the invention.
• polyurethane foams are different from aqueous PU dispersions and especially from urethane acrylate dispersions where Schiff base crosslinking has not been used to improve stability.
• a Schiff base crosslinking reaction still occurs at alkaline environment. This was because urethane acrylic dispersions are typically alkaline but become acidic on drying (as amine evaporates) and it was believed that a low pH (acidic conditions) were essential for self crosslinking. In a system such as those of the present invention described herein (which are permanently alkaline) Schiff base cross-linking would not be expected to work.
• urethane acrylic systems when permanently alkaline neutralized can still be self cross-linked via a Schiff base mechanism.
• these acidic aqueous PU dispersions that are subsequently neutralised may contain Schiff base crosslinkable urethane and/or vinyl polymers to produce urethane acrylic dispersions that reduce or avoid some or all of the preceding problems with the prior art.
• an aqueous coating composition comprising:
• composition is:
• composition is neutralised with a metal neutralising agent and the composition comprises a polyamine of polyhydrazide compound.
• the present invention provides an aqueous coating composition comprising:
• composition is:
• composition comprises a polyamine of polyhydrazide compound
• the present invention provides an aqueous coating composition comprising:
• composition is:
• composition is neutralised with a metal neutralising agent and the composition comprises a polyamine of polyhydrazide compound.
• Another aspect of the invention provides an aqueous coating as claimed immediately above, in which polyurethane A and/or vinyl polymer B is Schiff base cross-linkable under ambient conditions.
• the following components may preferably be present in the following amounts by weight given as parts by weight or percentages by weight of the total amount of components (1 ) to (5) where present.
• component (1 ) (the polyisocyanate) is present in an amount from 15 to 70, more preferably from 20 to 60, most preferably 25 to 50 by weight.
• component (2) (the anioinic isocyanate-reactive polyol) is present in an amount from 2 to 12, more preferably from 3 to 10, most preferably 4 to 7 by weight.
• component (3) (the high (>500D) mw isocyanate-reactive polyol) is present in an amount from 20 to 80, more preferably from 25 to 75, most preferably 30 to 60 by weight.
• Preferably optional component (4) (the low ( ⁇ 500D) mw isocyanate- reactive polyol) is present in an amount from 0.5 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 15, most preferably 2 to 10 by weight.
• Preferably optional component (5) (the alkali metal neutralising agent) is present in an amount from 0.1 to 6, more preferably from 0.2 to 5, most preferably 0.5 to 4 by weight.
• alkali metal neutralising agent denotes an alkali metal compound, preferably an alkali metal salt, that is sufficiently basic under the conditions (under which the polyurethane dispersion is prepared) to neutralise the acidic groups on the polymer.
• ions from the alkali metal neutralising agent act as counter ions to ionic groups formed from acidic groups on the polymer.
• Preferred alkali metal salts comprise cations such as potassium, sodium and/or lithium with sodium being more preferred.
• Preferred alkali metals salt comprise anions such as carbonate, bicarbonate, hydroxide and/or hydride, with hydroxide being more preferred.
• the most preferred alkali metal neutralising agents are sodium and/or potassium hydroxide.
• polyurethane dispersions of the invention may (unless indicated otherwise herein) be prepared conventionally using conventional polyols and isocyanates.
• polyisocyanate used in the present invention as component one may be selected from those described in WO2007-006586 as polyisocyanate component (i) (see from page 7, line 33 to page 8, line 20 - this passage incorporated herein by reference).
• NCO-reactive polyols used in the present invention as components two, three and four may be selected from those described in WO2007-
• ambient self cross-linkable denotes a polymer that under ambient conditions will form covalent bonds between different functional groups on different polymer chains to form cross links without the addition of additional separate crosslinker.
• Preferred self cross-linking urethane-acrylic polymers are those that bear both carbonyl functional groups and carbonyl reactive amine and/or hydrazine functional groups to impart crosslinkability to the urethane-acrylic polymer.
• polyurethane [A] or vinyl polymer [B] are capable of self cross-linking by a Schiff base reaction under ambient conditions (also known as Schiff base cross-linking).
• both polyurethane A and vinyl polymer B are capable of self-crosslinking by Schiff base reaction under ambient conditions.
• the carbonyl groups may be incorporated into the vinyl polymer by the free-radical addition polymerisation of at least one carbonyl-containing mono-ethylenically unsaturated monomer (e.g. diacetone diacrylamide (DAAM).
• DAAM diacetone diacrylamide
• the carbonyl reactive amine and/or hydrazide groups may be introduced by addition of polyamine and/or polyhydrazide compounds (e.g. adipic acid dihydrazide)
• a carbonyl functional component (3) can be used to incorporate Schiff base reactable groups in the polyurethane.
• Component one comprises a polyisocyanate.
• Suitable polyisocyanates may comprise aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and/or polyisocyanates modified by the introduction of urethane, allophanate, urea, biuret, carbodiimide, uretonimine, urethdione or isocyanurate residues.
• polyisocyanates examples include ethylene diisocyanate, 1 ,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1 , 4-diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate, ⁇ , ⁇ '-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, 1 ,4- phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates, 2,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 3(4 )-isocyanatomethyl-1 -methyl cyclohexyl isocyanate, 1 ,5-naphthylene diisocyanate and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred polyisocyanates are isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, toluenediisocyanate and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
• Components two, three and four comprises various polyols as defined herein.
• Suitable polyols may comprise propylene glycols, poly(propylene
• oxide/ethylene oxide copolymers polytetrahydrofuran, polybutadiene, hydrogenated polybutadiene, poysiloxane, polyamide polyesters, isocyanate-reactive polyoxyethylene compounds, polyester, polyether, polyether ester, polycaprolactone, polythioether, polycarbonate, polyethercarbonate, polyacetal and polyolefin polyols.
• component two comprises a polyol with an anionic or potential anionic dispersing group thereon.
• Preferred anionic dispersing groups are carboxylic, phosphate, phosphonate or sulfonic acid groups.
• Preferred potentially anionic dispersing groups are precursors for the anionic dispersing groups described herein, i.e. groups which under the conditions of step (a) will transform into the anionic dispersing groups.
• Most preferred anionic dispersing groups are carboxylic or sulfonic acid groups. Conversion to the salt form is achieved by neutralisation of anionic groups with an alkali metal neutralising agent during step (a).
• Component three comprises a isocyanate reactive polyol with a weight average molecular weight of greater than 500 daltons (high mw polyol).
• Component four comprises a isocyanate reactive polyol with a weight average molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons.
• component 3 contains carbonyl groups suitable for Schiff base crosslinking.
• the carbonyl content of component 3 is 0.1 -10 meq carbonyl/gr polyol, preferably 0.5-5 meq carbonyl/gr polyol, most preferably 1 -3 meq carbonyl/gr polyol.
• carbonyl i.e. aldo or ketone
• the presence of carbonyl (i.e. aldo or ketone) functional groups in the examples of the present invention can be determined by any suitable known method such as by means of 13 C resonances in 13 C mnr spectrum.
• ketones and aldehyde carbonyl groups these generally appear from 190 to 210 ppm irrespective of the side- chain substituents.
• the 13 C NMR spectra of a 200 mg sample in 600 microlitres of a carrier medium of CDCI 3 and Chromium (III) acetylacetonate (also denoted as Cr(acac) 3 ) may be recorded.
• the presence of carbonyl groups (i.e. aldo or ketone) in the process of the invention can be determined from relevant absorption peaks in the infrared spectrum of the reaction mixture. From these or other known methods the amount of unreacted carbonyl groups present in sample can be determined.
• the vinyl polymer contains carbonyl groups suitable for Schiff base crosslinking.
• the vinyl polymer contains 0.1 -20 wt% of a carbonyl functional monomer on total monomers, more preferably 0.5-10 wt% of a carbonyl functional monomer on total monomers, most preferably 1 -5 wt% of a carbonyl functional monomer on total monomers.
• the equivalent ratio of amine groups to carbonyl groups is 0.2 to 1 .5, more preferably 0.35 to 1.1 , most preferably 0.6 to 0.9.
• the acrylic urethane of the invention and/or prepared according to the process of the invention is substantially free of any non-ionic functional polyols as it is believed that such components may deteriorate water resistance.
• the polyurethane dispersions (PUD) and/or the urethane acrylics of or prepared in the present invention are permanently basic (i.e. after neutralisation with the alkali metal neutralising agent), preferably exhibiting a pH of > 8.
• PUDs and urethane acrylic coatings with a high pH were thought to be undesirable, the applicant has surprisingly found that they may solve some or all of the problems identified herein.
• additional surfactant may be added to facilitate dispersing the urethane however this is not preferred as it has a detrimental effect on the water resistance.
• the neutralising agent is added to the prepolymer as by pre-neutralizing the prepolymer urethanes with lower acid values can be synthesized which have improved water resistance. More preferably the neutralizing agent is added as aqueous solution.
• compositions of the invention have low acid values (AV), more preferably the AV of the total composition is from 1 to 40 mg KOH / g, more preferably 2-20 mg KOH/g, most preferably 3-15 mg KOH/g.
• AV low acid values
• (alkali) metal ion neutralized urethane-acrylic based dispersions contain sufficient ambient self crosslinkable groups to compensate for the deteriorated chemical stain resistances, specifically water resistance and optionally may also be made without a tin catalyst so the composition may be tin free.
• Such urethane acrylic dispersions may be advantageously used as coatings for surfaces such as floors.
• the PUD and urethanes of and/or used in the present invention are cross-linked (preferably at ambient temperature under standard conditions) by a Schiff base mechanism which means that crosslinking takes place by the reaction of a carbonyl functional group(s) (as defined herein) with a carbonyl-reactive amine and/or hydrazine (or blocked amine and/or blocked hydrazine) functional group.
• carbonyl functional group means an aldo or keto group and includes enolic carbonyl groups such as found in acetoacetyl groups.
• Schiff base precursors denote any suitable compounds which under the reaction conditions described herein transform or react to form a Schiff base which is capable of undergoing Schiff base crosslinking as defined herein.
• DMPA dimethylolpropionic acid
• MMA methyl methacrylate
• n-BA n-butylacrylate
• EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
• Viscosity was determined with a Brookfield DV-I viscometer (spindle S61 , 60 rpm, 23°C)
• Latex Particle Size Standards from 2-1000 nm; KSTN0026, KSTN 0027, KSTN0028 and KSTN0033 t/m KSTN0039 - Ultra pure demineralized water or HPLC grade water.
• the median diameter is mentioned in the examples.
• the diameter at peak value is mentioned.
• a reaction vessel equipped with internal thermometer, stirrer and cooler, was filled, under nitrogen atmosphere and at room temperature, with 442.6 g of polypropylene ether glycol (having molecular weight 2,000 g/mol), 30.9 g of DMPA and 50.0 g of N-methylpyrrolidone.
• the mixture was heated to 40 °C and stirred for 30 minutes.
• 213.2 g Desmodur W available from Bayer was added under stirring to the homogeneous mixture which was then heated to 60°C for 30 minutes.
• the reaction temperature was brought to 100°C and maintained for 2 hours, until the titrimetric determination of the free NCO groups still present gave a calculated value of 4.12% by weight.
• the resulting amine free (but N-methyl pyrrolidone containing) polyurethane dispersion had a solids content of 34.3 wt %, a pH of 8.0 and a viscosity of 66 cps.
• the median particle size was 170 nm.
• PEC-205 is a ketone-functional polyester polyol, available from DSM, which has a hydroxyl value of 80 mg KOH/g and an acid value of ⁇ 1 mg KOH/g.
• the ketone functionality is 1 .7 milliequivalents carbonyl groups per g polyol.
• the reaction was allowed to exotherm to 90° C. After the exotherm was complete the reaction was kept at 90° C for 2 hours.
• the isocyanate content of the prepolymer was 4.99% (theoretical 5.12%).
• the radical polymerization was initiated by the addition of 0.74 g of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, 0.02 g of iron(ll)EDTA and a subsequent feed addition of 26.4 g of a 1 % solution of isoascorbic acid in demineralized water, over a period of 10 minutes.
• the batch was filtered through a filter cloth to remove any coagulum formed during the reaction.
• the resulting amine free polyurethane acrylic hybrid dispersion had a solids content of 34.3 wt %, a pH of 7.7 and a viscosity of 15 cps.
• the median particle size was 59 nm.
• PEC-205 is a ketone-functional polyester polyol, available from DSM, which has a hydroxyl value of 80 mg KOH/g and an acid value of ⁇ 1 mg KOH/g.
• the ketone functionality is 1 .7 milliequivalents carbonyl groups per g polyol.
• the radical polymerization was initiated by the addition of 0.64 g of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, 0.02 g of iron(ll)EDTA and a subsequent feed addition of 26.33 g of a 1 % solution of isoascorbic acid in demineralized water, over a period of 10 minutes. Finally, 25.10 g of adipic acid dihydrazide was added.
• the batch was filtered through a filter cloth to remove any coagulum formed during the reaction.
• the resulting amine free polyurethane acrylic hybrid dispersion had a solids content of 34.3 wt %, a pH of 7.3 and a viscosity of 1995 cps.
• the median particle size was 56 nm.
• PEC-205 is a ketone-functional polyester polyol, available from DSM, which has a hydroxyl value of 80 mg KOH/g and an acid value of ⁇ 1 mg KOH/g.
• the ketone functionality is 1 .7 milliequivalents carbonyl groups per g polyol.
• a 2000 cm 3 flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with 660.37 g of polyol PEC-205, 479.63 g Desmodur W (available from Bayer), 60.0 g DM PA, 300.0 g MMA and 0.30 g butylated hydroxytoluene. This mixture was heated to 50°C and tin octoate (0.35 g) was added.
• the reaction was allowed to exotherm to 90° C. After the exotherm was complete the reaction was kept at 90° C for 2 hours.
• the isocyanate content of the prepolymer was 4.97% (theoretical 5.13%).
• 600.0 g of the obtained prepolymer was cooled to a temperature of 40°C and 170.4 g of a 5.89% KOH solution in demineralized water was added under vigorous stirring.
• 891 .0 g of demineralized water was added to the flask and the mixture was stirred until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained.
• 65.96 g of a 15.5% hydrazine solution was added together with 10.0 g of water.
• the radical polymerization was initiated by the addition of 0.25 g of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, 0.012 g of
• the resulting amine free polyurethane acrylic hybrid dispersion had a solids content of 34.2 wt %, a pH of 6.9 and a viscosity of 10 cps.
• the median particle size was 65 nm.
• a polyester polyol was synthesized from the following components: Pripol 1009 (available from Croda, 49 wt%), adipic acid (12 wt%) and 1 ,4 cyclohexane dimethanol (39 wt%).
• the polyester polyol had a hydroxyl value of 1 13 mg KOH/g and an acid value of 0.47 mg KOH/g.
• a 2000 cm 3 flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with 324.87 g of this polyester polyol, 253.51 g
• Desmodur W (available from Bayer), 21 .0 g DMPA, 150.04 g MMA and 0.35 g butylated hydroxytoluene. This mixture was heated to 50°C and tin octoate (0.35 g) was added. The reaction was allowed to exotherm to 90° C. After the exotherm was complete the reaction was kept at 90° C for 2 hours. The isocyanate content of the prepolymer was 5.23% (theoretical 5.42%). Then 332.9 g of the obtained prepolymer was cooled to a temperature of 40°C and 82.40 g of a 5.68% KOH solution in demineralized water and 8.14 g of Antarox CA-630 were added under vigorous stirring.
• the batch was filtered through a filter cloth to remove any coagulum formed during the reaction.
• the resulting amine free polyurethane acrylic hybrid dispersion had a solids content of 34.8 wt %, a pH of 7.9 and a viscosity of 12 cps.
• PEC-205 is a ketone-functional polyester polyol, available from DSM, which has a hydroxyl value of 80 mg KOH/g and an acid value of ⁇ 1 mg KOH/g.
• the ketone functionality is 1 .7 milliequivalents carbonyl groups per g polyol.
• the batch was filtered through a filter cloth to remove any coagulum formed during the reaction.
• the resulting amine free polyurethane acrylic hybrid dispersion had a solids content of 34.2 wt %, a pH of 7.8 and a viscosity of 19 cps..
• the examples, prepared and formulated as described above were cast onto a Leneta test chart using a wire rod at a wet film thickness of 125 micron.
• the cast films were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 1 hour, followed by ageing of the coatings at 50°C for 16 hours.
• the coatings were allowed to cool to room temperature for 1 hour.
• E48% ethanol, 48% solution in demineralized water

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• 2013
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