WO2013151165A1 - 累進屈折力レンズおよび累進屈折力レンズの設計方法 - Google Patents
累進屈折力レンズおよび累進屈折力レンズの設計方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013151165A1 WO2013151165A1 PCT/JP2013/060516 JP2013060516W WO2013151165A1 WO 2013151165 A1 WO2013151165 A1 WO 2013151165A1 JP 2013060516 W JP2013060516 W JP 2013060516W WO 2013151165 A1 WO2013151165 A1 WO 2013151165A1
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- lens
- power
- refractive power
- toric
- horizontal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
- G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
- G02C7/061—Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power
- G02C7/068—Special properties achieved by the combination of the front and back surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
- G02C7/024—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
- G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
- G02C7/061—Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power
- G02C7/063—Shape of the progressive surface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a progressive-power lens and a method for designing a progressive-power lens.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a double-sided aspherical progressive power that reduces the difference in magnification of images in the distance portion and the near portion, provides a good visual acuity correction to the prescription value, and provides a wide effective field of view with little distortion during wearing. Providing a lens is described. Therefore, in Patent Document 1, on the first refracting surface on the object side surface, the horizontal surface power and the vertical surface power at the distance power measurement position F1 are respectively DHf and DVf.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a progressive-power lens including a distance portion and a near portion.
- the progressive-power lens has an object side surface including a first toric surface element and an eyeball side surface including a second toric surface element that cancels the first toric surface element.
- the element of the first toric surface is such that the surface refractive power OVPf 1 in the vertical direction at the distance measurement reference point predetermined for the distance portion of the object side surface is the horizontal surface refraction at the distance measurement reference point. It is greater than the force OHPf 1 and OVPf 1 is equal to or greater than the surface refractive power OVPn 1 in the vertical direction at the near portion measurement reference point that is predetermined for the near portion of the object side surface.
- This progressive-power lens includes a toric surface element on the object side whose surface refractive power (power) in the meridional direction at the distance measurement reference point is larger than the surface refractive power in the sagittal direction.
- the toric surface element (first toric surface element) on the object side surface is canceled by the toric surface element (second toric surface element) on the eyeball side.
- toric surface elements are not intended to correct astigmatism, but are effective in suppressing the fluctuation of the image through the progressive power lens accompanying the movement of the eye (line of sight).
- a toric surface element is considered to be able to suppress the displacement of the angle formed between the line of sight and the object side surface with respect to the movement of the line of sight when the object is viewed through the progressive addition lens. Therefore, it is possible to provide a progressive power lens capable of reducing various aberrations of an image obtained through the progressive power lens and further suppressing the image shake.
- OVPn 1 is desirably larger than the surface refractive power OHPn 1 in the horizontal direction at the near portion measurement reference point. Also in the near portion, it is possible to provide a progressive power lens capable of suppressing image fluctuation.
- IVPf 1 -IHPf 1 OVPf 1 -OHPf 1
- IVPn 1 -IHPn 1 OVPn 1 -OHPn 1
- astigmatism prescription is not included, and IVPf 1 , IHPf 1 , IVPn 1 and IHPn 1 are absolute values.
- An example of the object side surface of this progressive-power lens is that the vertical surface power is larger than the horizontal surface power, and the difference between the vertical surface power and the horizontal surface power is constant. Includes toric surfaces. This simplifies the design of the object side surface.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for designing a progressive-power lens including a distance portion and a near portion, and includes the following. 1. Designing the object-side surface to include elements of the first toric surface; 2. Designing the eyeball-side surface to include a second toric surface element that cancels the first toric surface element.
- the element of the first toric surface is such that the surface refractive power OVPf 1 in the vertical direction at the distance portion measurement reference point predetermined for the distance portion of the object side surface is the horizontal surface at the distance portion measurement reference point. It is greater than the refractive power OHPf 1 , and OVPf 1 is equal to or greater than the surface refractive power OVPn 1 in the vertical direction at the near portion measurement reference point predetermined for the near portion of the object side surface.
- a progressive addition lens including a toric surface element on the object side surface and the eyeball side surface.
- These toric surface elements are not intended to correct astigmatism but are effective in suppressing image shake. Therefore, it is possible to design a progressive-power lens in which image fluctuation is suppressed.
- FIG. 2A is a plan view schematically showing one of the progressive-power lenses
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view thereof.
- 3A is a diagram showing the equivalent spherical power distribution of the lens
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing the astigmatism distribution of the lens
- FIG. 3C is a distortion state when the square lattice is viewed.
- Figure. The figure which shows a vestibule movement reflex.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram showing the surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the outer surface of the lens of Example 1-1
- FIG. 11B is the surface power on the main gaze line of the inner surface of the lens of Example 1-1
- FIG. 12A is a diagram showing the surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the outer surface of the lens of Example 1-2
- FIG. 12A is a diagram showing the surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the outer surface of the lens of Example 1-2
- FIG. 12B is the surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the inner surface of the lens of Example 1-2.
- FIG. 13A is a diagram showing the surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the outer surface of the lens of Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 13B is a diagram showing the surface refractive power of the inner surface of the lens of Comparative Example 1 on the main gaze line.
- 14A is a diagram showing the surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the outer surface of the lens of Conventional Example 1
- FIG. 14B is a diagram showing the surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the inner surface of the lens of Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 15A is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the outer surface of the lens of Example 1-1, and FIG.
- 15B is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the outer surface of the lens of Example 1-2.
- 15C is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the outer surface of the lens of Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 15D is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the outer surface of the lens of Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. 16A shows an equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the outer surface of the lens of Example 1-1
- FIG. 16B shows an equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the outer surface of the lens of Example 1-2.
- FIG. 16C is a diagram showing an equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the outer surface of the lens of Comparative Example 1, and FIG.
- FIG. 16D is a diagram showing an equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the outer surface of the lens of Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the inner surface of the lens of Example 1-1
- FIG. 17B is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the inner surface of the lens of Example 1-2.
- FIG. 17C is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the inner surface of the lens of Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 17D is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the inner surface of the lens of Conventional Example 1.
- 18A shows the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface of the lens of Example 1-1
- FIG. 18B shows the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface of the lens of Example 1-2.
- FIG. 18C is a diagram showing an equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface of the lens of Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 18D is a diagram showing an equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface of the lens of Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. 19A is a diagram showing the astigmatism distribution of the lens of Example 1-1
- FIG. 19B is a diagram showing the astigmatism distribution of the lens of Example 1-2
- FIG. 19D shows the astigmatism distribution of the lens of Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 19D shows the astigmatism distribution of the lens of Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. 20A shows the equivalent spherical power distribution of the lens of Example 1-1
- FIG. 20B shows the equivalent spherical power distribution of the lens of Example 1-2
- FIG.20 (d) is a figure which shows the equivalent spherical power distribution of the lens of the prior art example 1.
- FIG. 23A is a diagram showing the surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the outer surface of the lens of Example 2-1
- FIG. 23B is the surface power on the main gaze line of the inner surface of the lens of Example 2-1.
- FIG. FIG. 24A is a diagram showing the surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the outer surface of the lens of Example 2-2
- FIG. 24B is the surface power on the main gaze line of the inner surface of the lens of Example 2-2
- FIG. FIG. 25A is a diagram showing surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the outer surface of the lens of Comparative Example 2
- FIG. 25B is a diagram showing surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the inner surface of the lens of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 26A is a diagram showing surface refractive power on the main gaze line of the outer surface of the lens of Conventional Example 2
- FIG. 26B is a diagram showing surface power on the main gaze line of the inner surface of the lens of Conventional Example 2.
- FIG. 27A is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the outer surface of the lens of Example 2-1
- FIG. 27B is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the outer surface of the lens of Example 2-2
- 27C is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the outer surface of the lens of Comparative Example 2
- FIG. 27D is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the outer surface of the lens of Conventional Example 2.
- FIG. 28A shows an equivalent spherical surface power distribution of the outer surface of the lens of Example 2-1
- FIG. 28B shows an equivalent spherical surface power distribution of the outer surface of the lens of Example 2-2.
- FIG. 28C is a diagram showing the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the outer surface of the lens of Comparative Example 2
- FIG. 28D is a diagram showing the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the outer surface of the lens of Conventional Example 2.
- FIG. 29A is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the inner surface of the lens of Example 2-1
- FIG. 29B is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the inner surface of the lens of Example 2-2
- FIG. 29C is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the inner surface of the lens of Comparative Example 2
- FIG. 29D is a diagram showing the surface astigmatism distribution on the inner surface of the lens of Conventional Example 2.
- FIG. 30A shows an equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface of the lens of Example 2-1
- FIG. 30B shows an equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface of the lens of Example 2-2
- FIG. 30C is a diagram showing the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface of the lens of Comparative Example 2
- FIG. 30D is a diagram showing the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface of the lens of Conventional Example 2.
- FIG. 31A is a diagram showing the astigmatism distribution of the lens of Example 2-1
- FIG. 31B is a diagram showing the astigmatism distribution of the lens of Example 2-2
- FIG. 31D is a diagram showing the astigmatism distribution of the lens of Comparative Example 2
- FIG. 31D is a diagram showing the astigmatism distribution of the lens of Conventional Example 2.
- FIG. 32A is a diagram showing the equivalent spherical power distribution of the lens of Example 2-1
- FIG. 32B is a diagram showing the equivalent spherical power distribution of the lens of Example 2-2
- FIG.32 (d) is a figure which shows the equivalent spherical power distribution of the lens of the prior art example 2.
- the flowchart which shows the process of design and manufacture of a lens.
- the “object-side surface” of the lens means a surface that faces the object when the wearer wears spectacles. Also called “outer surface” or “convex surface”.
- the “surface on the eyeball side” of the lens means a surface facing the eyeball of the wearer when the wearer wears spectacles. Also called “inner surface” or “concave surface”.
- the “distance part” of the lens is a visual field part for viewing an object at a long distance (for far vision).
- the “near portion” of the lens is a visual field portion that has a power (refractive power) different from that of the far portion for viewing an object at a short distance (for near vision).
- the “intermediate portion” of the lens is a region that connects the distance portion and the near portion so that the refractive power continuously changes. It is also called a part for intermediate vision, a progressive part, and a progressive zone.
- the “distance portion of the object side surface (eyeball side surface)” is an area of the object side surface (eyeball side surface) corresponding to the distance portion of the lens.
- the “object-side surface (eyeball-side surface) near portion” is an area of the object-side surface (eyeball-side surface) corresponding to the near-field portion of the lens.
- the “intermediate part of the object side surface (eyeball side surface)” is an area of the object side surface (eyeball side surface) corresponding to the intermediate part of the lens.
- “Upper” of the lens means the top side of the wearer when the user wears spectacles. “Lower” of the lens means the chin side of the wearer when the user wears glasses.
- the “main line of sight” is a line connecting positions on the object-side surface that is the center of the visual field when performing far vision, intermediate vision, or near vision. Also known as the “main meridian”.
- the “line corresponding to the main gaze line” is a line connecting positions on the eyeball side surface that is the center of the visual field when performing far vision, intermediate vision, and near vision.
- the “distance portion measurement reference point” means coordinates on the object side surface of the lens to which the power (transmission power) of the distance portion of the lens is applied.
- the distance measurement point is determined in advance in the distance portion, and is specified as necessary. In addition, although it is a "point”, it may include a minute area.
- the “near part measurement reference point” means coordinates on the object side surface of the lens to which the power (transmission power) of the near part of the lens is applied. The near part measurement reference point is predetermined in the near part and is clearly indicated as necessary. In addition, although it is a "point”, it may include a minute area.
- the “point corresponding to the distance measurement reference point” means the coordinates of the intersection of the ray passing through the distance measurement reference point and perpendicular to the object-side surface and the eyeball-side surface.
- the “point corresponding to the near portion measurement reference point” means the coordinates of the intersection point of the ray passing through the near portion measurement reference point and perpendicular to the object side surface and the eyeball side surface.
- the “vertical direction” of the lens means the direction of the main gazing line in the distance portion.
- the direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction indicated by the hidden mark may be used.
- the “horizontal direction” of the lens means a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction. In general, the lens is provided with a hidden mark indicating the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of eyeglasses.
- FIG. 2A schematically shows one lens of one progressive-power lens according to the embodiment of the present invention in a plan view.
- FIG. 2B schematically shows one of the progressive-power lenses in a cross-sectional view.
- the spectacles 1 includes a pair of left and right spectacle lenses 10L and 10R for the left eye and right eye, and a spectacle frame 20 on which the lenses 10L and 10R are respectively mounted.
- the lenses 10L and 10R are progressive power lenses.
- the basic shape of the lenses 10L and 10R is a meniscus lens convex on the object side. Accordingly, the lenses 10L and 10R each include an object-side surface 19A and an eyeball-side surface 19B.
- the eyeglass lenses 10R and 10L for the right eye and the left eye are commonly referred to as a lens 10.
- FIG. 2A shows the right-eye lens 10R.
- the lens 10 ⁇ / b> R includes a distance portion 11 on the upper side and a near portion 12 on the lower side. Further, the lens 10 ⁇ / b> R includes an intermediate portion (progressive portion, progressive zone) 13.
- the lens 10 ⁇ / b> R includes a main gaze line 14.
- the fitting point Pe which is the reference point on the lens that allows the line of sight in the far horizontal front view (first eye position) to pass when the lens 10R is fitted to the frame and molded into the outer periphery, is the distance portion It is usually located at approximately the lower end of 11.
- the fitting point Pe is set as the lens coordinate origin
- the coordinate along the horizontal reference line 15 (horizontal line passing through the fitting point Pe, X axis) is set as the x coordinate
- the vertical reference line first reference line
- the coordinate in the direction along Y (vertical line passing through the fitting point Pe, Y axis) is taken as the y coordinate.
- the main gazing line 14 extends almost perpendicularly from the distance portion 11 toward the near portion 12 and bends to the nose side after passing the fitting point Pe.
- the distance measurement reference point Fc is set to coincide with the fitting point Pe
- the near distance measurement reference point Nc is the intersection of the upper end of the near distance 12 and the main gaze line 14. To match.
- the lens 10R for the right eye is mainly described as the lens, but the lens may be the lens 10L for the left eye, and the lens 10L for the left eye has a difference in spectacle specifications between the left and right eyes. Except for this, the lens is basically symmetrical to the right-eye lens 10R.
- the width of the field of view can be known from an astigmatism distribution diagram and an equivalent spherical power distribution diagram.
- One of the performances of the lens 10 is the shaking (swaying or shaking) that is felt when the head is moved while wearing the lens 10, and even if the astigmatism distribution and the equivalent spherical power distribution are almost the same, Differences can occur.
- an evaluation method for fluctuation will be described, and the results of comparison between the embodiment of the present application and a conventional example will be shown using the evaluation method.
- FIG. 3A shows an equivalent spherical power distribution (unit is diopter (D)) of a typical lens 10
- FIG. 3B shows an astigmatism distribution (unit is diopter (D))
- FIG. 3C shows a distortion state when the square lattice is viewed by the lens 10.
- a predetermined power is added along the main gazing line 14. Due to the addition of the power, a large astigmatism is generated on the side of the intermediate region (intermediate portion, progressive region) 13, so that an object appears blurred on the side of the intermediate portion 13.
- the equivalent spherical power distribution is higher in the near portion 12 than in the distance portion 11 by a predetermined amount, and the power decreases sequentially from the near portion 12 to the intermediate portion 13 and the distance portion 11.
- the power of the distance portion 11 is 0.00D (diopter)
- the addition power (ADD) is 2.00 D.
- the magnification of the image in the near portion 12 having a large power is larger than that in the distance portion 11, and from the intermediate portion 13 to the side of the near portion 12, the square lattice image is Looks distorted. This causes the image to sway when the head is moved.
- FIG. 4 shows an overview of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR).
- VOR vestibulo-ocular reflex
- the field of view moves when the head moves.
- the image on the retina also moves.
- eye rotation (rotation) 7 of the eyeball 3 that cancels out the movement of the head (face rotation (rotation), head rotation) 8
- the line of sight 2 becomes stable (does not move) and the retina
- compensatory eye movement is called compensatory eye movement.
- One of the compensatory eye movements is the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex, which is stimulated by head rotation and produces reflexes.
- the neural mechanism of the vestibulo-ocular reflex due to horizontal rotation has been elucidated to some extent, and the horizontal semicircular canal detects head rotation 8 and the input from the horizontal semicircular canal exerts inhibitory and excitatory effects on the extraocular muscles. It is thought to give and move the eyeball 3.
- the retinal image does not move when the eyeball rotates due to the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex, but the lens 10 rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the head as shown by the broken line and the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. For this reason, the line of sight 2 that passes through the lens 10 moves relatively on the lens 10 due to vestibular movement reflection. Therefore, if there is a difference in the imaging performance of the lens 10 in the range in which the eyeball 3 moves due to vestibular eye movement reflection, that is, the range in which the line of sight 2 passes due to vestibular eye movement reflection, the retinal image may be distorted.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of observing the head position (eye position) movement when searching for an object.
- the horizontal axis represents the horizontal angle between the front direction of the subject and the point of interest (object), and the vertical axis represents the head rotation angle.
- the graph shown in FIG. 5 shows how much the head rotates in order to recognize an object moved by an angle in the horizontal direction from the point of gaze.
- the head rotates with the object as shown in the graph 41.
- the movement of the head is smaller (less) by about 10 degrees with respect to the angle (movement) of the object. .
- the limit of the range in which the object can be recognized by the movement of the eyeball can be set to about 10 degrees. Therefore, when a human moves the head in a natural state and sees an object by the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex, the horizontal rotation angle of the head is about 10 degrees to the left and right (the maximum horizontal movement of the eyeball 3 by the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex). The angle ⁇ xm).
- the maximum rotation angle of the head in the vertical direction when viewing the object 9 by the vestibulo-oculomotor reflection is smaller than the maximum rotation angle in the horizontal direction.
- the head rotation angle which is a parameter in the case of the simulation of shaking, is about 10 degrees in the horizontal direction, and is smaller than the maximum horizontal rotation angle in the vertical direction, for example, about 5 degrees in the vertical direction. preferable.
- a typical value of the range in which the line of sight moves due to vestibular eye movement reflection is about ⁇ 10 degrees to the left and right of the main gazing line 14 in the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 6 shows a state in which a visual simulation is performed in consideration of the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex when the head is rotated with respect to the object 9 placed on the virtual plane 59 of the virtual space.
- the object 9 has a rectangular pattern 50 (the reference numeral of the object 9 is not shown in FIG. 6).
- the z axis is set in the horizontal front direction
- the x axis is set in the horizontal direction
- the y axis is set in the vertical direction.
- the x axis, the y axis, and the z axis are orthogonal to each other.
- a rectangular pattern 50 is arranged on a virtual plane 59 that is separated by a distance d in a direction that forms an angle ⁇ x with respect to the yz plane and an angle ⁇ y with respect to the xz plane.
- the rectangular pattern 50 is a square lattice divided into two halves vertically and horizontally, and is symmetrical with respect to the center vertical lattice line 51 passing through the geometric center 55 and the center vertical lattice line 51.
- the rectangular lattice 50 of the square lattice is arranged so that the pitch (the interval between adjacent vertical lattice lines 51 (horizontal lattice lines 53)) is set on the lens 10 with a viewing angle. The distance d from the eyeball 3 is adjusted.
- the pitch is represented by an angle (unit: degrees) in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction with reference to a straight line connecting the rotation center Rc and the geometric center 55.
- the lens 10 is disposed in front of the eyeball 3 at the same position and posture as in actual wearing, and in the vicinity of the maximum horizontal angle ⁇ xm in which the eyeball 3 moves by the vestibulo-oculomotor reflection with respect to the gazing point, that is,
- the virtual plane 59 is set so that the left and right vertical grid lines 52 and the upper and lower horizontal grid lines 54 can be seen at ⁇ 10 degrees with respect to the gazing point.
- the size of the rectangular lattice 50 of the square lattice can be defined by the viewing angle, and can be set according to the object to be viewed.
- the grid pitch can be small on a mobile personal computer screen, and the grid pitch can be large on a desktop personal computer screen.
- the distance of the object 9 assumed by the distance portion 11, the intermediate portion 13, and the near portion 12 changes. It is reasonable to use a long distance of several meters or more for the use part 11, a short distance of about 40 to 30 cm for the near use part 12, and an intermediate distance of about 1 to 50 cm for the intermediate part 13.
- the intermediate portion 13 and the near portion 12 are objects to be observed having a distance of 2 m to 3 m, so it is necessary to set the distance d according to the far / middle / near region on the lens very strictly. There is no.
- the rectangular pattern 50 is observed in the viewing angle direction shifted from the viewing direction ( ⁇ x, ⁇ y) due to the refractive action of the lens 10.
- An observation image of the rectangular pattern 50 at this time can be obtained by a normal ray tracing method.
- the lens 10 is also rotated + ⁇ ° together with the face.
- the eyeball 3 rotates in the opposite direction by ⁇ °, that is, ⁇ ° due to the vestibulo-oculomotor reflection, so that the line of sight 2 on the lens 10 moves the geometric center 55 of the rectangular pattern 50 using the position moved by ⁇ °. Will see. Therefore, since the transmission point of the line of sight 2 of the lens 10 and the incident angle of the line of sight 2 to the lens 10 change, the rectangular pattern 50 is observed in a shape different from the actual shape. This shift in shape becomes a cause of image shaking.
- the image of the rectangular pattern 50 at the both ends of the maximum or predetermined rotation angle ⁇ x1 when the head is repeatedly rotated left and right or up and down is used as the geometric center 55. And geometrically calculate the displacement between the two shapes.
- An example of the horizontal angle ⁇ x1 is the maximum horizontal angle ⁇ xm (about 10 degrees) at which the eyeball 3 moves due to vestibulo-oculomotor reflection.
- One of the indices used for the evaluation of the vibration in this embodiment is a vibration index IDd indicating vibration, and indicates changes in the inclination of the horizontal grid lines 53 and 54 and the vertical grid lines 51 and 52.
- the other one is a swing index IDs indicating the amount of deformation, and indicates the moving area of the horizontal grid lines 53 and 54 and the vertical grid lines 51 and 52.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of an image of the rectangular pattern 50 when the eyeball 3 and the rectangular pattern 50 are moved to the left and right at the first horizontal angle (swing angle) ⁇ x1 (10 degrees) with respect to the gazing point.
- the line of sight 2 is a geometric pattern of the rectangular pattern 50. This corresponds to a state in which the rectangular pattern 50 is viewed so as not to move from the center 55.
- the rectangular pattern 50a (broken line) is an image (right rotation image) observed through the lens 10 by the ray tracing method at a swing angle of 10 °, and the rectangular pattern 50b (solid line) is similarly observed at a swing angle of ⁇ 10 °. This is the image (left rotation image).
- the rectangular patterns 50 a and 50 b are overlapped so that the geometric center 55 coincides. Note that the image of the rectangular pattern 50 observed at a swing angle of 0 ° is located approximately in the middle (not shown). Images observed when the swing angle is set up and down (upper rotation image and lower rotation image) can be similarly obtained.
- the rectangular patterns 50a and 50b correspond to images of the rectangular pattern 50 that the user actually recognizes when the head is shaken while looking at the rectangular pattern 50 through the lens 10.
- the difference between the rectangular patterns 50a and 50b can be regarded as representing the movement of the image recognized by the user when the head is shaken.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the shaking index (swing index) IDd.
- the fluctuation index IDd is an index that represents a change in the inclination of each of the grid lines 51 to 54.
- the fluctuation index IDd is an index that represents a change in the inclination of each of the grid lines 51 to 54.
- 12 fluctuation indices IDd are obtained. Can be sought.
- the amount of change in the gradient of the horizontal grid lines (horizontal grid lines) 53 and 54 represents “undulation (undulation)”
- the amount of change in the gradient of the vertical grid lines (vertical grid lines) 51 and 52 is “ It is thought that it represents “fluctuation”.
- the fluctuation can be quantitatively evaluated as “a feeling of waviness”. Further, when the amount of change in the gradient of the vertical grid line 51 and the vertical grid line 52 is added together, the fluctuation can be quantitatively evaluated as “fluctuation feeling”.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams for explaining the shaking index IDs.
- This is an index representing the moving area of the vertical grid line 51, the vertical grid line 52, the horizontal grid line 53, and the horizontal grid line 54. That is, the swing index IDs corresponds to the deformation size of the overall shape of the rectangular pattern 50.
- the swing index IDs is geometrically calculated by using respective movement amounts of the vertical grid lines 51, vertical grid lines 52, horizontal grid lines 53, and horizontal grid lines 54 of the rectangular pattern 50 as areas. Thus, 12 numerical values can be obtained.
- FIG. 9 shows the amount of movement of the horizontal grid lines 53 and 54 (hatched portion)
- FIG. 10 shows the amount of movement of the vertical grid lines 51 and 52 (hatched portion).
- the fluctuation index IDs represented by the movement amount (area) is obtained by adding the movement amounts of the vertical grid lines 51 and 52 to give a “fluctuation feeling” to the horizontal grid lines 53 and the horizontal grid lines.
- the “waviness” can be quantitatively evaluated.
- the lens 10 has a large change in magnification near the position where the vibration is evaluated, for example, when there is a deformation that causes expansion or contraction in the horizontal direction, the index includes these factors.
- the unit of the swing index IDd is dimensionless because it is the amount of change in the gradient of each grid line on the viewing angle coordinates.
- the unit of the swing index IDs is an area on the viewing angle coordinates, and is therefore a square of degrees (°).
- the shaking index IDs the moving area of the vertical grid line 51, the vertical grid line 52, the horizontal grid line 53, and the horizontal grid line 54 is divided by the area of the rectangular pattern 50 before adding the head rotation (0 degree). It is also possible to use a numerical value displayed in a ratio (for example, percentage).
- the swing indices IDd and IDs can be used properly as a horizontal component (an index of “swelling”), a vertical component (an index of “fluctuation”), and a sum of them.
- the fluctuation index IDd obtained from the change in gradient may be expressed as “vibration”
- the fluctuation index IDs obtained from the movement amount of the grid line may be expressed as “deformation amount”.
- the index IDd relating to vibration is the amount of change in the gradient (horizontal component) of all horizontal grid lines 53 and 54 including the central horizontal grid line 53 and all vertical grid lines including the central vertical grid line 51. It is a value obtained by adding or averaging the amount of change in the gradient of 51 and 52 (vertical component). That is, the fluctuation target IDd in the following is the sum or average of the change amounts of the gradients of all grid lines.
- the horizontal and vertical components of IDd are close to the user's sense. Furthermore, since the user perceives both the horizontal and vertical directions at the same time, the sum of these values can be said to be the index closest to the user's sense.
- susceptibility to “swell” and “fluctuation” differs depending on the user, and “swell (swell)” is a problem when the gaze movement in the horizontal direction is frequently used in the personal life environment. Or, conversely, “fluctuation” is a problem. Therefore, the fluctuation may be indexed and evaluated by each direction component.
- the index IDs relating to the deformation amount is the fluctuation area of all the horizontal grid lines 53 and 54 including the central horizontal grid line 53 and the fluctuation area of all the vertical grid lines 51 and 52 including the central vertical grid line 51. Is the sum of
- index IDs based on the amount of deformation is that a change in magnification is taken into account.
- power is added in the vertical direction.
- the phenomenon that the magnification decreases at the side of the near portion becomes remarkable.
- expansion and contraction in the lateral direction of the image occur.
- the index IDs based on the deformation amount is useful as an evaluation method because these changes can be quantified.
- Embodiment 1 The surface (outer surface) 19A on the object side of the lens 10 according to the following embodiment has a vertical surface power OVPf 1 at the distance measurement reference point Fc and a horizontal surface power at the distance measurement reference point Fc. greater than OHPf 1, and, OVPf 1 is vertical surface power OVPn 1 or more in the near reference point Nc, (elements of the toric surface of the object-side surface) first toric surface element TF1 including.
- the element TF1 of the first toric surface includes the following conditions. OVPf 1 > OHPf 1 (1a) OVPf 1 ⁇ OVPn 1 (1b)
- Equation (1a) indicates that the distance measurement reference point Fc includes a toric surface (toroidal surface) element.
- Equation (1b) indicates that the power of the surface 19A on the object side is at least zero with respect to the surface refractive power in the vertical direction of the measurement reference point, or the surface refractive power of the distance portion 11 is the surface refraction of the near portion 12. It shows that the reverse participation is larger than the force.
- the outer surface 19A has a vertical surface power OVPf at an arbitrary point y on the main gazing line 14 of the distance portion 11 and a horizontal surface power OHPf at the point y. And OVPf is greater than or equal to the vertical surface power OVPn at an arbitrary point x on the near portion 12. That is, the outer surface 19A satisfies the following conditions. OVPf> OHPf (1aa) OVPf ⁇ OVPn (1ba)
- Equation (1aa) indicates that the main gaze line 14 (the area along the line) includes an element of a toric surface (toroidal surface).
- Equation (1ba) indicates that the power of the outer surface 19A is zero or reverse with respect to at least the surface refractive power in the vertical direction of the main gaze line 14 (the area along the main gaze line 14).
- the first toric surface element TF1 of preferably includes the following condition relating to the vertical surface power OVPn 1 and horizontal surface power OHPn 1 Tokyo in the near reference point Nc.
- the near portion measurement reference point Nc of the outer surface 19A may include a toric surface element whose horizontal surface power is larger than the vertical surface power, but the vertical surface power is horizontal.
- a toric surface having a surface refractive power larger than the surface refractive power and a toric surface having a horizontal surface refractive power larger than the vertical surface refractive power are mixed, the vibration of the image is enlarged when an object is viewed through the lens 10. It can be a factor. Therefore, it is desirable that the near-field measurement reference point Nc also includes an element of a toric surface whose vertical surface power is larger than the horizontal surface power. For this reason, it is preferable that the element TF1 of the first toric surface further satisfies the following conditions. OVPn 1 > OHPn 1 (1c ′)
- the outer surface 19A is preferably a surface (toric surface) that satisfies the following conditions. That is, the following conditions regarding the vertical surface refractive power OVPn at an arbitrary point x on the main gaze line 14 of the near portion 12 of the outer surface 19A and the horizontal surface refractive power OHPn at the point x are included. desirable.
- the near portion 12 of the outer surface 19A may include a toric surface element whose horizontal surface power is larger than the vertical surface power, but the vertical surface power is the horizontal surface power. If a toric surface larger than the toric surface and a toric surface in which the horizontal surface power is larger than the vertical surface power are mixed, it becomes a factor that the image shake is enlarged when an object is viewed through the lens 10. there is a possibility. Therefore, it is desirable that the near portion 12 also includes a toric surface element whose vertical surface power is larger than the horizontal surface power. For this reason, it is preferable that the toric surface of the outer surface 19A further satisfies the following conditions. OVPn> OHPn (1ca ′)
- the frequency of use on the main gazing line 14 or the reference line Y is extremely large, and it is the sighting work using the vicinity of the main gazing line 14 that feels an image fluctuation. Is the time. Accordingly, the conditions on the outer surface 19A shown in the above conditions (1aa), (1ba) and (1ca) are preferably satisfied at least on the main gaze line 14, and within about 10 mm in the horizontal direction around the main gaze line 14. It is more preferable that If it is established within 10 mm with the main gazing line 14 as the center, it is possible to sufficiently obtain an effect such as reducing the fluctuation of the image.
- the eyeball side surface (inner surface) 19B of the lens 10 includes a second toric surface element TF2 that cancels the shift of the surface refractive power due to the first toric surface element TF1.
- the element TF2 of the second toric surface includes a vertical surface power IVPf 1 at a point corresponding to the distance measurement reference point Fc and a horizontal surface power IHPf at a point corresponding to the distance measurement reference point Fc. 1.
- the vertical surface power IVPn 1 at the point corresponding to the near portion measurement reference point Nc and the horizontal surface power IHPn 1 at the point corresponding to the near portion measurement reference point Nc include the following conditions.
- IVPf 1 -IHPf 1 OVPf 1 -OHPf 1 (2a)
- IVPn 1 -IHPn 1 OVPn 1 -OHPn 1 (2b)
- these conditions and the following conditions do not include astigmatism prescription. That is, these conditions do not include the astigmatism prescription in the distance prescription.
- the surface refractive powers IVPf 1 , IHPf 1 , IVPn 1 and IHPn 1 are absolute values.
- the inner surface 19B has a vertical surface power IVPf at a point corresponding to an arbitrary point y on the main gazing line 14 of the distance portion 11, and a horizontal at a point corresponding to the point y.
- these conditions and the following conditions do not include astigmatism prescription. That is, these conditions do not include the astigmatism prescription in the distance prescription.
- the surface refractive powers IVPf, IHPf, IVPn, and IHPn are absolute values.
- Conditions (2a), (2b), (2aa) and (2ba) are conditional expressions when it is assumed that the lens is thin.
- the formula that takes into account the thickness of the lens used for calculating the refractive power of the lens takes into account the shape factor.
- the conditional expressions (2aa) and (2ba) are described as follows.
- IVPf ⁇ IHPf OVPf / (1-t / n ⁇ OVPf) ⁇ OHPf / (1-t / n ⁇ OHPf) (2aa ′)
- IVPn ⁇ IHPn OVPn / (1-t / n ⁇ OVPn) ⁇ OHPn / (1-t / n ⁇ OHPn) (2ba ′)
- t is the lens thickness (unit is meter)
- n is the refractive index of the lens material.
- the expressions (3) and (4) are relational expressions when the thickness of the lens is small, and generally take into account the shape factor (shape factor) considering the lens thickness used for calculating the refractive power of the lens. It is also possible to replace it with a relational expression. In that case, the following equations (3a) and (4a) are obtained.
- VP (y) OVP (y) / (1-t / n * OVP (y))-IVP (y) (3a)
- HP (y) OHP (y) / (1-t / n * OHP (y)) ⁇ IHP (y) (4a)
- t is the lens thickness (unit: meter)
- n is the refractive index of the lens material.
- OVP (y) is the vertical surface power along the main gaze line 14
- IVP (y) is the vertical surface power along the line corresponding to the main gaze line 14
- OHP (y) is the main power.
- the horizontal surface power along the line of sight 14, IHP (y), is the horizontal surface power along the line corresponding to the main line of sight 14.
- the sight line 2 with respect to the surfaces 19A and 19B of the lens 10 is inclined from the vertical direction, and the prism effect needs to be taken into consideration.
- the relationship of the above equations (3) and (4) is approximately established.
- the toric surface elements can be substantially canceled by the conditions (2aa) and (2ba). Therefore, in the following, the present invention will be further described by taking a thin lens having a sufficiently small lens thickness as an example.
- Example 1-1 The lens 10a of Example 1-1 was designed so that the surface refractive powers of the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B are shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b), respectively.
- the lens 10a of Example 1-1 is a so-called inner surface progressive lens including a progressive element on the inner surface 19B.
- the basic spectacle specification uses a lens base material with a refractive index of 1.67, a progressive zone length of 14 mm, a prescription power (distance power, Sph) is 0.00D, and an addition power (Add) is 2.00D.
- the diameter of the lens 10a of Example 1-1 is 65 mm and does not include the astigmatism power.
- the lens 10a of Example 1-1 is a lens called a plano whose prescription average power of the distance portion 11 is 0 (D).
- the lens 10a of Example 1-1 includes a toric surface element on the inner and outer surfaces.
- FIG. 11 (a) the horizontal surface power (surface power) OHP (y) along the main line of sight 14 of the outer surface (object side surface) 19A of the lens 10a of Example 1-1 is shown by a broken line.
- the vertical surface power (surface power) OVP (y) is indicated by a solid line.
- the unit of refractive power shown is diopter (D), and is common in the following figures unless otherwise specified.
- the horizontal surface power (surface power) IHP (y) along the main line of sight 14 of the inner surface (eyeball side) 19B of the lens 10a of Example 1-1 is indicated by a broken line.
- the vertical surface power (surface power) IVP (y) is indicated by a solid line.
- the surface power IHP (y) in the horizontal direction of the inner surface 19B and the surface power IVP (y) in the vertical direction are originally negative values, in this specification, the surface power of the inner surface 19B is both Indicates an absolute value. The same applies to the following.
- the y coordinate is the coordinate of the main gaze line 14 with the fitting point Pe as the origin.
- the x-coordinate described below is the coordinate of the horizontal reference line 15 with the fitting point Pe as the origin.
- the lens 10a of Example 1-1 satisfies the conditions of the above formulas (1a), (1b), (1c ′), (2a), and (2b). Accordingly, the outer surface 19A of the lens 10a includes a first toric element TF1, and the inner surface 19B includes a second toric element TF2.
- the surface refractive power OVPf 1 in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction) at the distance measurement reference point Fc is equal to the surface power OVPn 1 in the vertical direction at the near measurement reference point Nc, which is 6.0 ( D) (formula (1b)).
- the horizontal (lateral) surface refractive power OHPf 1 at the distance measurement reference point Fc is 3.0 (D), which is 3.0 (D) smaller than OVPf 1 (formula (1a)).
- OHPn 1 is 3.0 (D) smaller than OVPn 1 (formula (1c ′)).
- the inner surface 19B includes a second toric surface element TF2 that cancels the first toric surface element TF1 of the outer surface 19A.
- the lens 10a of Example 1-1 satisfies the conditions of the above formulas (1aa), (1ba), (1ca ′), (2aa), and (2ba). Accordingly, the outer surface 19 ⁇ / b> A of the lens 10 a includes a toric surface element at the main gaze line 14, and the inner surface 19 ⁇ / b> B includes a toric surface element along a line corresponding to the main gaze line 14.
- the surface refractive power OVPf in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction) of the distance portion 11 of the outer surface 19A, the surface refractive power OVPm in the vertical direction of the intermediate portion 13, and the surface refractive power OVPn in the vertical direction of the near portion 12 are Constant, 6.0 (D) (formula (1ba)). Further, the horizontal (lateral) surface power OHPf of the distance portion 11 of the outer surface 19A, the vertical surface power OHPm of the intermediate portion 13, and the vertical surface power OHPn of the near portion 12 are constant 3. 0.0 (D).
- the surface refractive power IVPf in the vertical direction of the distance portion 11 is 6.0 (D), and the surface refractive power IVPm in the vertical direction of the intermediate portion 13 progressively decreases, so The surface refractive power IVPn in the direction is 4.0 (D), and a predetermined addition power (2.0 (D)) is obtained.
- the horizontal surface power IHPf of the distance portion 11 is 3.0 (D)
- the horizontal surface power IHPm of the intermediate portion 13 is progressively decreased, and the horizontal surface power of the near portion 12 is reduced.
- the force IHPn is 1.0 (D), and a predetermined addition power (2.0 (D)) is obtained.
- the surface powers IVPf, IVPm, and IVPn in the vertical direction with respect to the surface powers IHPf, IHPm, and IHPn in the horizontal direction are 3.0, respectively.
- D A large toric surface is formed.
- the inner surface 19B includes a toric surface that cancels the surface refractive power of the outer surface 19A due to the toric surface (formulas (2aa) and (2ba)).
- Example 1-2 The lens 10b of Example 1-2 was designed so that the surface refractive powers of the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B are shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b), respectively.
- the lens 10b of Example 1-2 is a lens referred to as an outer surface reverse progressive lens including a progressive element on the inner surface 19B and a reverse progressive element on the outer surface 19A.
- the basic spectacle specifications are the same as in Example 1-1.
- the notations in FIGS. 12A and 12B are the same as those in FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- the lens 10b of Example 1-2 also satisfies the conditions of the above formulas (1a), (1b), (1c ′), (2a), and (2b). Accordingly, the outer surface 19A of the lens 10b includes a first toric element TF1, and the inner surface 19B includes a second toric element TF2.
- the surface refractive power OVPf 1 in the vertical direction at the distance measurement reference point Fc is 6.0 (D), which is 2.2 more than the surface power OVPn 1 in the vertical direction at the near measurement reference point Nc. 0 (D) large (formula (1b)).
- the horizontal surface power OHPf 1 at the distance measurement reference point Fc is 3.0 (D), which is 3.0 (D) smaller than OVPf 1 (formula (1a)).
- OHPn 1 is 1.0 (D) smaller than OVPn 1 (formula (1c ′)).
- the difference between IVPf 1 and IHPf 1 is 3.0 (D), and IVPn 1 and IHPn 1 are different from each other. Since the difference is 1.0 (D), equations (2a) and (2b) hold. That is, the inner surface 19B includes a second toric surface element TF2 that cancels the first toric surface element TF1 of the outer surface 19A.
- the lens 10b of Example 1-2 satisfies the conditions of the expressions (1aa), (1ba), (1ca ′), (2aa), and (2ba). Accordingly, the outer surface 19A of the lens 10b includes a toric surface element at the main gaze line 14, and the inner surface 19B includes a toric surface element along a line corresponding to the main gaze line 14.
- the surface refractive power OVPf in the vertical direction of the distance portion 11 of the outer surface 19A is 6.0 (D)
- the surface power IVPm in the vertical direction of the intermediate portion 13 progressively decreases, so that The surface refractive power IVPn in the vertical direction of the portion 12 is 4.0 (D) (formula (1ba)).
- the horizontal surface power OHPf of the distance portion 11 of the outer surface 19A, the vertical surface power OHPm of the intermediate portion 13, and the vertical surface power OHPn of the near portion 12 are constant and 3.0 (D). is there.
- the distance portion 11 has a vertical surface power OVPf that is 3.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power OHPf, and the near portion 12 A toric surface having a vertical surface power OVPn of 1.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power OHPn is formed (formulas (1aa) and (1ca ′)).
- the surface refractive power IVPf in the vertical direction of the distance portion 11 is 6.0 (D), and the surface refractive power IVPm in the vertical direction of the intermediate portion 13 progressively decreases, so The surface refractive power IVPn in the direction is 2.0 (D), and a predetermined addition (2.0 (D)) is obtained with respect to the vertical surface refractive power of the outer surface 19A.
- the horizontal surface power IHPf of the distance portion 11 is 3.0 (D)
- the horizontal surface power IHPm of the intermediate portion 13 decreases progressively, and the horizontal portion 12 of the near portion 12 increases in the horizontal direction.
- the surface refractive power IHPn is 1.0 (D), and a predetermined addition (2.0 (D)) is obtained with respect to the horizontal surface refractive power of the outer surface 19A.
- the vertical surface power IVPf is 3.0 (D) with respect to the horizontal surface power IHPf.
- a toric surface having a vertical surface power IVPn of 1.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power IHPn is formed, and the surface power due to the toric surface of the outer surface 19A is cancelled.
- Comparative Example 1 The lens 10c of Comparative Example 1 was designed so that the surface refractive powers of the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B are shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), respectively.
- the lens 10c of Comparative Example 1 is a lens referred to as an inner / outer surface progressive lens that includes progressive elements on the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B.
- the basic spectacle specifications are the same as in Example 1-1. Further, the notations in FIGS. 13A and 13B are the same as those in FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- Lens 10c of Comparative Example 1 has a large surface power OVPn 1 in the vertical direction in the near reference point Nc than surface power OVPf 1 in the vertical direction in the distance reference point Fc. Therefore, the conditions of the above expressions (1a), (1c ′), (2a), and (2b) are satisfied, but the expression (1b) is not satisfied. Accordingly, the outer surface 19A of the lens 10c includes a toric surface whose vertical surface power is larger than the horizontal surface power, and the inner surface 19B includes an element for canceling the toric surface element of the outer surface 19A. The toric surface element TF2 is not included.
- the horizontal surface power OHPf 1 at the distance measurement reference point Fc is 3.0 (D), which is 3.0 (D) smaller than the surface power OVPf 1 in the vertical direction (1a).
- the surface refractive power OVPf 1 is 6.0 (D), which is smaller than the surface refractive power OVPn 1 (8.0 (D)) in the vertical direction of the near portion measurement reference point Nc. ) Is not satisfied.
- OHPn 1 is 5.0 (D) smaller than OVPn 1 and satisfies the formula (1c ′), and the distance portion measurement reference point Fc and the near portion are also used on the inner surface 19B.
- the difference between IVPf 1 and IHPf 1 at the point corresponding to the part measurement reference point Nc is 3.0 (D)
- the difference between IVPn 1 and IHPn 1 is 5.0 (D)
- the equations (2a) and ( 2b) is satisfied. It includes elements of the vertical toric surface that cancel at the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B, the distance measurement reference point Fc, and the near measurement reference point Nc.
- the vertical surface power OVPf of the distance portion 11 of the outer surface 19A is 6.0 (D )
- the vertical surface power OVPm of the intermediate portion 13 increases
- the vertical surface power IVPn of the near portion 12 is 8.0 (D).
- the horizontal surface power OHPf of the distance portion 11 of the outer surface 19A, the vertical surface power OHPm of the intermediate portion 13, and the vertical surface power OHPn of the near portion 12 are constant and 3.0 (D). is there.
- the distance portion 11 has a vertical surface power OVPf that is 3.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power OHPf, and the near portion 12 A toric surface having a vertical surface power OVPn of 5.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power OHPn is formed. Therefore, the expressions (1aa) and (1ca ′) are satisfied, but the expression (1ba) is not satisfied.
- the vertical surface power IVPf of the distance portion 11, the vertical surface power IVPm of the intermediate portion 13, and the vertical surface power IVPn of the near portion 12 are 6.0 (D).
- a predetermined addition (2.0 (D)) is obtained with respect to the surface refractive power in the vertical direction of the outer surface 19A.
- the horizontal surface power IHPf of the distance portion 11 is 3.0 (D)
- the horizontal surface power IHPm of the intermediate portion 13 is progressively decreased, and the horizontal surface power of the near portion 12 is reduced.
- the force IHPn is 1.0 (D)
- a predetermined addition power (2.0 (D)) is obtained with respect to the horizontal surface refractive power of the outer surface 19A.
- the inner surface 19B of the lens 10c has a vertical surface power IVPf of 3.0 (D) larger than the horizontal surface power IHPf in the distance portion 11 along the line corresponding to the main gazing line 14.
- a toric surface having a vertical surface power IVPn of 5.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power IHPn is formed, and the surface power due to the toric surface elements of the outer surface 19A is canceled. Yes. Therefore, the expressions (2aa) and (2ba) are satisfied.
- the lens 10d of Conventional Example 1 was designed so that the surface refractive powers of the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B are shown in FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b), respectively.
- the lens 10d of Conventional Example 1 is a lens referred to as an inner surface progressive lens in which the outer surface 19A is a spherical surface and includes a progressive element on the inner surface 19B.
- the basic spectacle specifications are the same as in Example 1-1.
- the notations in FIGS. 14A and 14B are the same as those in FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- the surface refractive powers OVPf, OVPm and OVPn in the vertical direction of the outer surface 19A are equal to the surface refractive powers OHPf, OHPm and OHPn in the horizontal direction and are 3.0 (D).
- the surface refractive powers IVPf, IVPm, and IVPn in the vertical direction of the inner surface 19B are equal to the surface refractive powers IHPf, IHPm, and IHPn in the horizontal direction, respectively, and the surface refractive power of the distance portion 11 is 3.0 (D), and the near portion
- the surface refractive power of 12 is 1.0 (D), and a predetermined addition power is obtained. Therefore, the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B of the lens 10d of Conventional Example 1 do not include a toric surface.
- FIGS. 15A to 15D show surface astigmatism distributions on the outer surface 19A of the lenses 10a to 10d of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1, and Conventional Example 1, respectively.
- FIGS. 16A to 16D show the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the outer surface 19A of the lenses 10a to 10d of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1, and Conventional Example 1.
- the equivalent spherical surface power ESP is obtained by the following equation.
- OHP is the horizontal surface power at an arbitrary point on the object-side surface (outer surface) 19A
- OVP is the vertical surface power at the object-side surface (outer surface) 19A.
- the unit of the values shown in each figure is diopter (D), and the vertical and horizontal straight lines in the figure indicate reference lines (vertical reference line Y and horizontal reference line X) passing through the geometric center of the circular lens,
- the shape image at the time of putting the frame into the spectacle frame with the geometrical center that is the intersection as the fitting point Pe is also shown by a thick solid line.
- the main gaze line 14 is indicated by a broken line. The same applies to the following drawings.
- FIGS. 17A to 17D show surface astigmatism distributions on the inner surface 19B of the lenses 10a to 10d of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1, and Conventional Example 1, and FIG. ) To (d) show the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface 19B of the lenses 10a to 10d of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1 and Conventional Example 1.
- FIGS. 19A to 19D show astigmatism when observed through each position on the lenses 10a to 10d of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1, and Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. FIGS. 20A to 20D show aberration distributions, and the respective positions on the lenses 10a to 10d of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1 and Conventional Example 1 are observed through FIGS. The equivalent spherical power distribution is shown.
- the distance measurement reference point Fc and the near measurement reference point Nc are shown for reference.
- the outer surface 19A of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, and Comparative Example 1 includes a toric surface element, which causes aspherical aberration.
- the inner surface 19B of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, and Comparative Example 1 includes a toric surface element, and the conventional example shown in FIG. An aberration is generated by combining the aberration of the inner surface 19B of 1 with the aberration of the toric surface element.
- aspherical correction is performed, it is not a simple composition.
- FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 show the results of obtaining the fluctuations of the images seen through the lenses 10a to 10d of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1, and Conventional Example 1 by the fluctuation evaluation method described above. Is shown.
- FIG. 21 shows an index IDd related to vibration
- FIG. 22 shows an index IDs related to the deformation amount.
- the rectangular pattern 50 has a viewing angle pitch of 10 degrees, a head swing in the left-right direction, and a swing angle of 10 degrees to the left and right.
- FIG. 21 is obtained at several viewing angles along the main gazing line 14 of each lens 10a to 10d with “all L” indicating the sum or average of vibrations of all grid lines as an index IDd.
- the fitting point Pe of each of the lenses 10a to 10d is an intersection of the wearer's line of sight 2 and the outer surface 19A in the horizontal front view with a viewing angle of 0 degrees, that is, in the first eye position.
- the distance portion 11 is 20 degrees upward from the fitting point Pe, and the intermediate portion 13 is downward to near ⁇ 28 degrees from the fitting point Pe, and the lower portion corresponds to the near portion 12.
- FIG. 22 is obtained at several viewing angles along the main gazing line 14 of each lens 10a to 10d, with “all L” indicating the sum or average of the fluctuation areas of all grid lines as an index IDs.
- the index IDs represents the deformation amount as a ratio (%).
- the index IDd and the index IDs are substantially the same over the entire area near and far from the main gazing line 14. It is smaller than the lens 10d of Example 1. Therefore, it was found that the image shake can be improved by looking through the lenses 10a and 10b of Examples 1-1 and 1-2. In particular, from the lower portion of the distance portion 11, it is expected that the effect of improving the shake is great in the intermediate portion 13 and the near portion 12.
- the index IDd and the index IDs are improved in the distance portion 11.
- the indices IDd and IDs are both larger than those of the conventional example 1. Therefore, it has been found that the lens 10c of Comparative Example 1 cannot easily improve the image shake.
- One of the factors that can reduce the image shake by the toric surface element whose vertical surface power is larger than the horizontal surface power is the movement of the line of sight when the object is viewed through the lens by introducing the toric surface.
- the displacement of the angle formed by the line of sight and the object side surface can be suppressed. If the displacement of the angle formed by the line of sight and the object-side surface is reduced, the occurrence of various aberrations such as field curvature is suppressed, and it is considered effective in reducing the fluctuation of the image obtained through the lens.
- Embodiment 2 3.1 Example 2-1 The lens 10e of Example 2-1 was designed so that the surface refractive powers of the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B are shown in FIGS. 23 (a) and 23 (b), respectively.
- the lens 10e of Example 2-1 is a so-called inner surface progressive lens including a progressive element on the inner surface 19B.
- the basic spectacle specification uses a lens base material with a refractive index of 1.67, a progressive zone length of 14 mm, a prescription power (distance power, Sph) of 4.00 D, and an addition power (Add) of 2.00 D.
- the diameter of the lens 10e of Example 2-1 is 65 mm and does not include the astigmatism power.
- the lens 10e of Example 2-1 is a plus power lens for far vision in which the prescription average power of the distance portion 11 is 4.0 (D).
- the lens 10e of Example 2-1 includes a toric surface element on the inner and outer surfaces.
- the notations in FIGS. 23A and 23B are the same as those in FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- the lens 10e of Example 2-1 satisfies the conditions of the above formulas (1a), (1b), (1c ′), (2a), and (2b). Accordingly, the outer surface 19A of the lens 10e includes a first toric surface element TF1, and the inner surface 19B includes a second toric surface element TF2.
- the configuration of the lens 10e of Example 2-1 is similar to the lens 10a of Example 1-1.
- the surface refractive power OVPf 1 in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction) at the distance measurement reference point Fc is equal to the surface power OVPn 1 in the vertical direction at the near measurement reference point Nc, which is 9.0 ( D) and satisfies the formula (1b).
- the horizontal (lateral) surface refractive power OHPf 1 at the distance measurement reference point Fc is 6.0 (D), which is 3.0 (D) smaller than OVPf 1 and satisfies the formula (1a).
- the horizontal surface power OHPn 1 is 3.0 (D) smaller than the vertical surface power OVPn 1 and satisfies the formula (1c ′).
- the difference between IVPf 1 and IHPf 1 is 3.0 (D)
- IVPn 1 and IHPn 1 Is 3.0 (D) and satisfies the expressions (2a) and (2b). That is, the outer surface 19A includes a first toric surface element TF1, and the inner surface 19B includes a second toric surface element TF2 that cancels the first toric surface element TF1 of the outer surface 19A.
- the surface refractive power in the vertical direction along the main line of sight 14 is the surface refractive power OVPf of the distance portion 11, the surface refractive power OVPm of the intermediate portion 13, and the surface of the near portion 12.
- the refractive power OVPn is constant and is 9.0 (D), which satisfies the formula (1ba).
- the OHPf of the distance portion 11, the surface power OHPm of the intermediate portion 13, and the surface power OHPn of the near portion 12 are constant and 6.0 (D).
- the vertical surface power OVPf, OVPm, and OVPn are 3.0 (D) larger than the horizontal surface power OHPf, OHPm, and OHPn, respectively.
- a toric surface is formed, which satisfies the expressions (1aa) and (1ca ′).
- the entire outer surface 19A is a simple toric surface.
- the surface refractive power in the vertical direction along the line corresponding to the main gazing line 14 is 5.0 (D) for the surface refractive power IVPf of the distance portion 11, and the surface refractive power IVPm of the intermediate portion 13 is progressive.
- the surface refractive power IVPn of the near portion 12 is 3.0 (D), and a predetermined addition power (2.0 (D)) is obtained.
- the surface power in the horizontal direction is 2.0 (D) for the surface power IHPf of the distance portion 11, the surface power IHPm of the intermediate portion 13 is progressively decreased, and the surface power IHPn of the near portion 12 is 0.0 (D), and a predetermined addition power (2.0 (D)) is obtained. Therefore, the inner surface 19B satisfies the expressions (2aa) and (2ba), and includes a toric surface that cancels the surface refractive power due to the toric surface of the outer surface 19A.
- Example 2-2 The lens 10f of Example 2-2 was designed so that the surface refractive powers of the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B are shown in FIGS. 24 (a) and 24 (b), respectively.
- the lens 10f of Example 2-2 is a lens referred to as an outer surface reverse progressive lens including a progressive element on the inner surface 19B and a reverse progressive element on the outer surface 19A.
- the basic spectacle specification is the same as that of Example 2-1.
- the notations in FIGS. 24A and 24B are the same as those in FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- the lens 10f of Example 2-2 also satisfies the conditions of the above formulas (1a), (1b), (1c ′), (2a), and (2b). Accordingly, the outer surface 19A of the lens 10f includes a first toric surface element TF1, and the inner surface 19B includes a second toric surface element TF2.
- the surface refractive power OVPf 1 in the vertical direction at the distance measurement reference point Fc is 9.0 (D), which is 2. (D) higher than the surface power OVPn 1 in the vertical direction at the near measurement reference point Nc. 0 (D) large and satisfies the formula (1b).
- the horizontal surface power OHPf 1 at the distance measurement reference point Fc is 6.0 (D), which is 3.0 (D) smaller than OVPf 1 and satisfies the formula (1a).
- OHPn 1 is 1.0 (D) smaller than OVPn 1 and satisfies the equation (1c ′).
- the difference between IVPf 1 and IHPf 1 is 3.0 (D)
- the difference between IVPn 1 and IHPn 1 is 1.0 (D)
- the outer surface 19A includes a first toric surface element TF1
- the inner surface 19B includes a second toric surface element TF2 that cancels the first toric surface element TF1 of the outer surface 19A.
- the surface refractive power in the vertical direction of the outer surface 19A is 9.0 (D) for the surface refractive power OVPf of the distance portion 11, and the intermediate portion.
- the surface refractive power IVPm of 13 gradually decreases, and the surface refractive power IVPn of the near portion 12 is 7.0 (D).
- the surface refractive power in the horizontal direction of the outer surface 19A is 6.0 (D), where the surface refractive power OHPf of the distance portion 11, the surface refractive power OHPm of the intermediate portion 13, and the surface refractive power OHPn of the near portion 12 are constant. .
- the distance portion 11 has a vertical surface power OVPf that is 3.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power OHPf, and the near portion 12 A toric surface having a vertical surface power OVPn of 1.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power OHPn is formed. Therefore, the expressions (1aa), (1ba) and (1ca ′) are satisfied.
- the surface refractive power in the vertical direction of the inner surface 19B is such that the surface refractive power IVPf of the distance portion 11 is 5.0 (D), the surface refractive power IVPm of the intermediate portion 13 is progressively decreased, and the surface refractive power of the near portion 12 is increased.
- the force IVPn is 1.0 (D), and a predetermined addition (2.0 (D)) is obtained with respect to the surface refractive power in the vertical direction of the outer surface 19A.
- the surface power in the horizontal direction is 2.0 (D) for the surface power IHPf of the distance portion 11, the surface power IHPm of the intermediate portion 13 is progressively decreased, and the surface power IHPn of the near portion 12 is 0.0 (D), and a predetermined addition (2.0 (D)) is obtained with respect to the horizontal surface refractive power of the outer surface 19A. Therefore, the expressions (2aa) and (2ba) are satisfied, and the inner surface 19B includes a toric surface that cancels the surface refractive power due to the toric surface of the outer surface 19A.
- the lens 10g of Comparative Example 2 was designed so that the surface refractive powers of the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B are shown in FIGS. 25 (a) and 25 (b), respectively.
- the lens 10g of Comparative Example 2 is a lens referred to as an inner / outer surface progressive lens or an outer surface progressive lens including progressive elements on the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B.
- the basic spectacle specification is the same as that of Example 2-1.
- the notations in FIGS. 25A and 25B are the same as those in FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- Lens 10g of Comparative Example 2 has a greater surface power OVPn 1 in the vertical direction in the near reference point Nc than surface power OVPf 1 in the vertical direction in the distance reference point Fc. Therefore, as in Comparative Example 1, the conditions of the expressions (1a), (1c ′), (2a), and (2b) are satisfied, but the expression (1b) is not satisfied. Therefore, the lens 10g includes a toric surface that cancels on the inner and outer surfaces, but does not include the first toric surface element TF1 and the second toric surface element TF2.
- the horizontal surface power OHPf 1 at the distance measurement reference point Fc is 6.0 (D), which is 3.0 (D) smaller than OVPf 1 and satisfies the formula (1a).
- the vertical surface power OVPf 1 at the distance measurement reference point Fc is 9.0 (D), which is 2.0 (D) than the vertical surface power OVPn 1 at the near distance measurement reference point Nc.
- OHPn 1 is 5.0 (D) smaller than OVPn 1 and satisfies the equation (1c ′).
- the outer surface 19A does not include the first toric surface element TF1, but the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B include toric surface elements that cancel each other.
- the surface refractive power in the vertical direction of the outer surface 19A is 9.0 (D) for the surface refractive power OVPf of the distance portion 11, and the intermediate portion 13
- the surface refractive power OVPm of the near portion 12 gradually increases, and the surface refractive power OVPn of the near portion 12 is 11.0 (D).
- the surface refractive power in the horizontal direction of the outer surface 19A is 6.0 (D) with the surface refractive power OHPf of the distance portion 11, the surface refractive power OHPm of the intermediate portion 13, and the surface refractive power OHPn of the near portion 12 being constant. .
- the distance portion 11 has a vertical surface power OVPf that is 3.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power OHPf, and the near portion 12 A toric surface having a vertical surface power OVPn of 5.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power OHPn is formed. Therefore, the expressions (1aa) and (1ca ′) are satisfied, but the expression (1ba) is not satisfied.
- the surface refractive power in the vertical direction of the inner surface 19B is such that the surface refractive power IVPf of the distance portion 11, the surface refractive power IVPm of the intermediate portion 13, and the surface refractive power IVPn of the near portion 12 are constant at 5.0 (D).
- a predetermined addition (2.0 (D)) is obtained with respect to the surface refractive power in the vertical direction of the outer surface 19A.
- the surface power in the horizontal direction is 2.0 (D) for the surface power IHPf of the distance portion 11, the surface power IHPm of the intermediate portion 13 is progressively decreased, and the surface power IHPn of the near portion 12 is 0.0 (D), and a predetermined addition (2.0 (D)) is obtained with respect to the horizontal surface refractive power of the outer surface 19A.
- the vertical surface refractive power IVPf is 3.0 (D) larger than the horizontal surface refractive power IHPf in the distance portion 11 along the line corresponding to the main gazing line 14.
- the vertical surface power IVPn is 5.0 (D) greater than the horizontal surface power IHPn. Therefore, the expressions (2aa) and (2ba) are satisfied, and the toric surface formed on the inner surface 19B cancels the surface refractive power of the outer surface 19A due to the toric surface.
- the lens 10h of Conventional Example 2 was designed so that the surface refractive powers of the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B are shown in FIGS. 26 (a) and 26 (b), respectively.
- the lens 10h of Conventional Example 2 is a lens referred to as an inner surface progressive lens in which the outer surface 19A is a spherical surface and includes a progressive element on the inner surface 19B.
- the basic spectacle specification is the same as that of Example 2-1.
- the notations in FIGS. 26 (a) and 26 (b) are the same as those in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b).
- the vertical surface refractive powers OVPf, OVPm and OVPn of the outer surface 19A are 6.0 (D) equal to the horizontal surface refractive powers OHPf, OHPm and OHPn.
- the surface refractive powers IVPf, IVPm and IVPn in the vertical direction of the inner surface 19B are equal to the surface refractive powers IHPf, IHPm and IHPn in the horizontal direction, respectively, and the surface refractive power of the distance portion 11 is 2.0 (D), and the near portion The surface refractive power of 12 is 0.0 (D), and a predetermined addition power is obtained. Therefore, the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B of the lens 10h of Conventional Example 2 do not include a toric surface.
- FIGS. 27A to 27D show surface astigmatism distributions on the outer surface 19A of the lenses 10e to 10h of Example 2-1, Example 2-2, Comparative Example 2, and Conventional Example 2, respectively.
- FIGS. 28A to 28D show the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the outer surface 19A of the lenses 10e to 10h of Example 2-1, Example 2-2, Comparative Example 2, and Conventional Example 2. .
- FIGS. 29A to 29D show surface astigmatism distributions on the inner surface 19B of the lenses 10e to 10h of Example 2-1, Example 2-2, Comparative Example 2, and Conventional Example 2, and FIG. ) To (d) show the equivalent spherical surface refractive power distribution of the inner surface 19B of the lenses 10e to 10h of Example 2-1, Example 2-2, Comparative Example 2, and Conventional Example 2.
- FIGS. 32 (a) to 32 (d) show aberration distributions, and the respective positions on the lenses 10e to 10h of Example 2-1, Example 2-2, Comparative Example 2 and Conventional Example 2 are observed through. The equivalent spherical power distribution is shown.
- the aspherical aberration due to the elements of the toric surface of the outer surface 19A shown in FIGS. 27 (a) to (c) is the inner surface 19B shown in FIGS. 29 (a) to (c).
- the entire lens has the same aspherical aberration as that of the lens 10h of the conventional example 2, and the example 2-1 and the example shown in FIGS.
- the lenses 10e to 10g of Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2 are obtained. The same applies to the equivalent spherical power distribution.
- FIG. 33 and FIG. 34 show the results of evaluating the image shake seen through the lenses 10e to 10h of Example 2-1, Example 2-2, Comparative Example 2 and Conventional Example 2 in the same manner as in FIG. 21 and FIG. Show.
- the index IDd and the index IDs are the same as or smaller than those of the lens 10h of the first conventional example over almost all the regions on the main gazing line 14. Therefore, it was found that the image shake can be improved by looking through the lenses 10e and 10f of Examples 2-1 and 2-2. In particular, it is expected that the effect of improving the shake is great in the distance portion 11 and the near portion 12.
- the index IDd and the index IDs are improved in the distance portion 11.
- the indices IDd and IDs are larger than those of the conventional example 2 from the intermediate portion 13 to a part of the near portion 12. Therefore, it was found that even in the lens 10g of Comparative Example 2, it is difficult to improve the image shake.
- a plano lens having a prescription power (distance power) of 0.0 (D) and a hyperopia for prescription power having a positive prescription power As described above, by introducing the toric surface element to the outer surface 19A and the inner surface 19B of the lens 10, a plano lens having a prescription power (distance power) of 0.0 (D) and a hyperopia for prescription power having a positive prescription power. It was found that the image shake can be improved in the lens. Similarly, even in a myopic lens with a negative prescription power, image shake can be improved.
- the lens 10 having the toric surface elements on the inner and outer surfaces has a higher surface power in the vertical direction than that in the horizontal direction.
- the surface power in the horizontal direction is smaller than the surface power in the vertical direction, and the curvature in the horizontal direction is reduced. Therefore, it is suitable for a spectacle lens that is long in the horizontal direction and curves along the face.
- the square lattice 50 of the square lattice is used as the pattern of the observation index for evaluation.
- the accuracy and density of evaluation in each direction can be improved by changing the lattice pitch in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. It is also possible to change the accuracy and density of evaluation by changing the number of grids.
- FIG. 35 shows image magnifications on the main line of sight 14 of the lens 10g of Comparative Example 2 and the lens 10h of Conventional Example 2 obtained by the ray tracing method.
- the image magnification of the lens 10g of the comparative example 2 is larger than the image magnification of the lens 10h of the conventional example 2 in a wide range from the lower side of the distance portion 11 on the main gazing line 14 to the near portion 12. .
- the image magnification is greatly improved from the entire area of the intermediate portion 13 to the upper side of the near portion 12. Therefore, it is considered that the visual field is improved in a wide area from the intermediate portion 13 to the near portion 12.
- the same result can be obtained when the image magnification of Comparative Example 1 is compared with the image magnification of Conventional Example 1.
- the lenses 10 of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 satisfy the following conditions at the distance measurement reference point Fc and the near measurement reference point Nc.
- IVPf 1 -IHPf 1 OVPf 1 -OHPf 1
- IVPn 1 -IHPn 1 OVPn 1 -OHPn 1 (2a)
- IVPn 1 -IHPn 1 OVPn 1 -OHPn 1 (2b)
- FIG. 36 shows an outline of the process of designing and manufacturing the above-described progressive-power lens for spectacles.
- an outer surface (object-side surface) 19A including the first toric surface element TF1 that satisfies the conditions (1a) to (1c) is designed.
- the element TF1 of the first toric surface preferably includes the condition (1c ′).
- an inner surface (eyeball side surface) 19B including the second toric surface element TF2 including the conditions (2a) and (2b) is designed.
- the element TF2 of the second toric surface is a toric surface and cancels the shift of the surface refractive power formed on the outer surface 19A by the element TF1 of the first toric surface.
- the lens 10 designed in the above step is manufactured.
- This design method can be provided by being recorded in a suitable medium such as a memory or a ROM as a computer program (program product) for a computer including appropriate hardware resources such as a CPU and a memory to execute the processes 100 to 102 described above. It may be provided through a network.
- FIG. 37 shows an example of a design apparatus for the lens 10.
- This design apparatus 200 is obtained by a design unit 210 that designs the lens 10 based on spectacles specifications, an evaluation unit 220 that obtains and evaluates the vibration indices IDd and IDs of the designed lens 10 by the above method, and an evaluation unit 220.
- the output unit 230 includes a state in which the user (wearer) can easily see the shake index IDd, for example, a graph. The output unit 230 allows the user to select the lens 10 with less shaking at his / her own judgment.
- the design unit 210 includes a first unit 211 that designs the object-side surface (outer surface) 19A and a second unit 212 that designs the eyeball-side surface (inner surface) 19B.
- the first unit 211 has a function of performing the process of step 101 of the above-described design method
- the second unit 212 has a function of performing the process of step 102 of the above-described design method.
- An example of the design device 200 is a personal computer having resources such as a CPU, a memory, and a display.
- the design device 200 including the above functions is realized by downloading and executing a program that causes the personal computer to function as the design device 200. it can.
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Abstract
Description
IVPf1-IHPf1=OVPf1-OHPf1
IVPn1-IHPn1=OVPn1-OHPn1
ただし、乱視処方を含まず、IVPf1、IHPf1、IVPn1およびIHPn1は絶対値である。
1.第1のトーリック面の要素を含むように物体側の面を設計すること。
2.第1のトーリック面の要素をキャンセルする第2のトーリック面の要素を含むように、眼球側の面を設計すること。
レンズの「物体側の面」とは、装用者が眼鏡を装用したときに対象物に対向する面を意味する。「外面」「凸面」とも言う。
レンズの「眼球側の面」とは、装用者が眼鏡を装用したときに装用者の眼球に対向する面を意味する。「内面」「凹面」とも言う。
レンズの「遠用部」とは、遠距離の物を見る(遠方視の)ための視野部である。
レンズの「近用部」とは、近距離の物を見る(近方視の)ための、遠用部とは度数(屈折力)が異なる視野部である。
レンズの「中間部」とは、遠用部と近用部とを連続的に屈折力が変化するように連結する領域である。中間視のための部分、累進部、累進帯とも言う。
「物体側の面(眼球側の面)の遠用部」とは、レンズの遠用部に対応する物体側の面(眼球側の面)の領域である。
「物体側の面(眼球側の面)の近用部」とは、レンズの近用部に対応する物体側の面(眼球側の面)の領域である。
「物体側の面(眼球側の面)の中間部」とは、レンズの中間部に対応する物体側の面(眼球側の面)の領域である。
レンズの「上方」とは、使用者が眼鏡を装用したときにおける装用者の頭頂側を意味する。
レンズの「下方」とは、使用者が眼鏡を装用したときにおける装用者のあご側を意味する。
「主注視線」とは、遠方視・中間視・近方視をするときに視野の中心となる物体側の面上の位置を結んだ線である。「主子午線」とも言う。
「主注視線に対応する線」とは、遠方視・中間視・近方視をするときに視野の中心となる眼球側の面上の位置を結んだ線である。
「遠用部測定基準点」とは、レンズの遠用部の度数(透過屈折力)が適用されるレンズの物体側の面における座標を意味する。遠用部測定基準点は遠用部に予め定められ、必要に応じて明示される。なお、「点」となっているが微小な面積を含んでいてもよい。
「近用部測定基準点」とは、レンズの近用部の度数(透過屈折力)が適用されるレンズの物体側の面における座標を意味する。近用部測定基準点は近用部に予め定められ、必要に応じて明示される。なお、「点」となっているが微小な面積を含んでいてもよい。
「遠用部測定基準点に対応する点」とは、遠用部測定基準点を通り物体側の面に垂直な光線と眼球側の面との交点の座標を意味する。
「近用部測定基準点に対応する点」とは、近用部測定基準点を通り物体側の面に垂直な光線と眼球側の面との交点の座標を意味する。
レンズの「垂直方向」とは、遠用部における主注視線の方向を意味する。なお、隠しマークによって示される水平方向に直交する方向としても良い。
レンズの「水平方向」とは、垂直方向に直交する方向を意味する。なお、一般にレンズには水平方向を示す隠しマークが施されている。
図3(a)に、典型的なレンズ10の等価球面度数分布(単位はディオプトリ(D))を示し、図3(b)に、非点収差分布(単位はディオプトリ(D))を示し、図3(c)に、このレンズ10により正方格子を見たときの歪曲の状態を示している。レンズ10においては、主注視線14に沿って所定の度数が加入される。度数の加入により、中間領域(中間部、累進領域)13の側方には大きな非点収差が発生するので、中間部13の側方では物がぼやけて見えてしまう。等価球面度数分布は近用部12では所定の量だけ遠用部11よりも度数が高く、近用部12から中間部13、遠用部11へと順次度数が減少する。このレンズ10においては、遠用部11の度数(遠用度数、Sph)は0.00D(ディオプトリ)であり、加入度数(ADD)は2.00Dである。
以下の実施形態のレンズ10の物体側の面(外面)19Aは、遠用部測定基準点Fcにおける垂直方向の面屈折力OVPf1が、遠用部測定基準点Fcにおける水平方向の面屈折力OHPf1よりも大きく、かつ、OVPf1が近用部測定基準点Ncにおける垂直方向の面屈折力OVPn1以上である、第1のトーリック面の要素(物体側の面のトーリック面の要素)TF1を含む。第1のトーリック面の要素TF1は、以下の条件を含む。
OVPf1>OHPf1・・・(1a)
OVPf1≧OVPn1・・・(1b)
OVPf>OHPf・・・(1aa)
OVPf≧OVPn・・・(1ba)
OVPn1≧OHPn1・・・(1c)
OVPn1>OHPn1・・・(1c´)
OVPn≧OHPn・・・(1ca)
OVPn>OHPn・・・(1ca´)
IVPf1-IHPf1=OVPf1-OHPf1・・・(2a)
IVPn1-IHPn1=OVPn1-OHPn1・・・(2b)
ただし、これらの条件および以下に示す条件は乱視処方を含まない。すなわち、これらの条件は遠用処方における乱視処方は含まない。以下においても同様である。また、面屈折力IVPf1、IHPf1、IVPn1およびIHPn1は絶対値である。
IVPf-IHPf=OVPf-OHPf・・・(2aa)
IVPn-IHPn=OVPn-OHPn・・・(2ba)
ただし、これらの条件および以下に示す条件は乱視処方を含まない。すなわち、これらの条件は遠用処方における乱視処方は含まない。以下においても同様である。また、面屈折力IVPf、IHPf、IVPnおよびIHPnは絶対値である。
IVPf-IHPf=OVPf/(1-t/n×OVPf)-OHPf/(1-t/n×OHPf)・・・(2aa´)
IVPn-IHPn=OVPn/(1-t/n×OVPn)-OHPn/(1-t/n×OHPn)・・・(2ba´)
ここで、tはレンズの厚み(単位はメートル)、nはレンズ素材の屈折率である。
VP(y)=OVP(y)-IVP(y)・・・(3)
HP(y)=OHP(y)-IHP(y)・・・(4)
VP(y)=OVP(y)/(1-t/n*OVP(y))-IVP(y)・・・(3a)
HP(y)=OHP(y)/(1-t/n*OHP(y))-IHP(y)・・・(4a)
ここで、tはレンズの厚み(単位メートル)nはレンズ素材の屈折率である。OVP(y)は主注視線14に沿った垂直方向の面屈折力、IVP(y)は主注視線14に対応する線に沿った垂直方向の面屈折力、OHP(y)は、主注視線14に沿った水平方向の面屈折力、IHP(y)は主注視線14に対応する線に沿った水平方向の面屈折力である。また、より正確に透過屈折力を求めるためには、レンズ周辺部においては、外面19Aおよび内面19Bを視線2が透過する位置のズレを光線追跡により求めて、外面19Aのy座標および内面19Bのy座標として適用することが好ましい。
図11(a)および図11(b)に、外面19Aおよび内面19Bの面屈折力をそれぞれ示すように、実施例1-1のレンズ10aを設計した。実施例1-1のレンズ10aは、内面19Bに累進要素を含む、内面累進レンズと称されるものである。基本的な眼鏡仕様は、屈折率1.67のレンズ基材を用い、累進帯長14mm、処方度数(遠用度数、Sph)が0.00D、加入度数(Add)が2.00Dである。なお、実施例1-1のレンズ10aの直径は65mmであり、乱視度数は含まれていない。実施例1-1のレンズ10aは、遠用部11の処方平均度数が0(D)のプラノと称されるレンズである。実施例1-1のレンズ10aは、内外面にトーリック面の要素を含む。
図12(a)および図12(b)に外面19Aおよび内面19Bの面屈折力をそれぞれ示すように、実施例1-2のレンズ10bを設計した。実施例1-2のレンズ10bは、内面19Bに累進要素を含み、外面19Aに逆累進要素を含む、外面逆累進レンズと称されるレンズである。基本的な眼鏡仕様は実施例1-1と同じである。また、図12(a)および図12(b)の表記は図11(a)および図11(b)と共通である。
図13(a)および図13(b)に外面19Aおよび内面19Bの面屈折力をそれぞれ示すように、比較例1のレンズ10cを設計した。比較例1のレンズ10cは、外面19Aおよび内面19Bに累進要素を含む、内外面累進レンズと称されるレンズである。基本的な眼鏡仕様は実施例1-1と同じである。また、図13(a)および図13(b)の表記は図11(a)および図11(b)と共通である。
図14(a)および図14(b)に、外面19Aおよび内面19Bの面屈折力をそれぞれ示すように、従来例1のレンズ10dを設計した。従来例1のレンズ10dは、外面19Aが球面で内面19Bに累進要素を含む、内面累進レンズと称されるレンズである。基本的な眼鏡仕様は実施例1-1と同じである。また、図14(a)および図14(b)の表記は図11(a)および図11(b)と共通である。
図15(a)~(d)に、実施例1-1、実施例1-2、比較例1および従来例1のレンズ10a~10dの外面19Aの面非点収差分布をそれぞれ示し、また、図16(a)~(d)に実施例1-1、実施例1-2、比較例1および従来例1のレンズ10a~10dの外面19Aの等価球面面屈折力分布を示す。等価球面面屈折力ESPは以下の式で得られる。
ESP=(OHP+OVP)/2・・・(5)
ここで、OHPは物体側の面(外面)19A上の任意の点における水平方向の面屈折力、OVPは物体側の面(外面)19Aにおける垂直方向の面屈折力である。
3.1 実施例2-1
図23(a)および図23(b)に外面19Aおよび内面19Bの面屈折力をそれぞれ示すように、実施例2-1のレンズ10eを設計した。実施例2-1のレンズ10eは、内面19Bに累進要素を含む、内面累進レンズと称されるものである。基本的な眼鏡仕様は、屈折率1.67のレンズ基材を用い、累進帯長14mm、処方度数(遠用度数、Sph)が4.00D、加入度数(Add)が2.00Dである。なお、実施例2-1のレンズ10eの直径は65mmであり、乱視度数は含まれていない。実施例2-1のレンズ10eは、遠用部11の処方平均度数が4.0(D)の遠視用のプラス度数のレンズである。実施例2-1のレンズ10eは、内外面にトーリック面の要素を含む。図23(a)および図23(b)の表記は図11(a)および図11(b)と共通である。
図24(a)および図24(b)に外面19Aおよび内面19Bの面屈折力をそれぞれ示すように、実施例2-2のレンズ10fを設計した。実施例2-2のレンズ10fは、実施例1-2と同様に、内面19Bに累進要素を含み、外面19Aに逆累進要素を含む、外面逆累進レンズと称されるレンズである。基本的な眼鏡仕様は実施例2-1と同じである。また、図24(a)および図24(b)の表記は図11(a)および図11(b)と共通である。
図25(a)および図25(b)に外面19Aおよび内面19Bの面屈折力をそれぞれ示すように、比較例2のレンズ10gを設計した。比較例2のレンズ10gは、外面19Aおよび内面19Bに累進要素を含む、内外面累進レンズまたは外面累進レンズと称されるレンズである。基本的な眼鏡仕様は実施例2-1と同じである。また、図25(a)および図25(b)の表記は図11(a)および図11(b)と共通である。
図26(a)および図26(b)に外面19Aおよび内面19Bの面屈折力をそれぞれ示すように、従来例2のレンズ10hを設計した。従来例2のレンズ10hは、外面19Aが球面で内面19Bに累進要素を含む、内面累進レンズと称されるレンズである。基本的な眼鏡仕様は実施例2-1と同じである。また、図26(a)および図26(b)の表記は図11(a)および図11(b)と共通である。
図27(a)~(d)に、実施例2-1、実施例2-2、比較例2および従来例2のレンズ10e~10hの外面19Aの面非点収差分布をそれぞれ示し、また、図28(a)~(d)に実施例2-1、実施例2-2、比較例2および従来例2のレンズ10e~10hの外面19Aの等価球面面屈折力分布を示す。
OVPf1>OHPf1・・・(1a)
OVPn1>OVPf1・・・(1d)
OVPn1≧OHPn1・・・(1c)
OVPn1>OHPn1・・・(1c´)
IVPf1-IHPf1=OVPf1-OHPf1・・・(2a)
IVPn1-IHPn1=OVPn1-OHPn1・・・(2b)
このような垂直方向のトーリック面を内外に備えたレンズは、像のゆれの改善に対し像倍率を向上する効果がいっそう得られやすいレンズであることがわかった。
OVPf>OHPf・・・(1aa)
OVPn>OVPf・・・(1da)
OVPn≧OHPn・・・(1ca)
OVPn>OHPn・・・(1ca´)
IVPf-IHPf=OVPf-OHPf・・・(2aa)
IVPn-IHPn=OVPn-OHPn・・・(2ba)
11 遠用部、 12 近用部、 13 中間部(累進部)
19A 物体側の面、 19B 眼球側の面
20 フレーム
Claims (5)
- 遠用部と近用部とを含む累進屈折力レンズであって、
第1のトーリック面の要素を含む物体側の面と、
前記第1のトーリック面の要素をキャンセルする第2のトーリック面の要素を含む眼球側の面と、
を有し、
前記第1のトーリック面の要素は、前記物体側の面の前記遠用部に予め定められる遠用部測定基準点における垂直方向の面屈折力OVPf1が、前記遠用部測定基準点における水平方向の面屈折力OHPf1よりも大きく、かつ、前記OVPf1が、前記物体側の面の前記近用部に予め定められる近用部測定基準点における垂直方向の面屈折力OVPn1以上である、
累進屈折力レンズ。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1のトーリック面の要素は、前記OVPn1が、前記近用部測定基準点における水平方向の面屈折力OHPn1よりも大きい、累進屈折力レンズ。 - 請求項2において、
前記第2のトーリック面の要素の、前記眼球側の面の前記遠用部測定基準点に対応する点における垂直方向の面屈折力IVPf1、前記遠用部測定基準点に対応する点における水平方向の面屈折力IHPf1、前記眼球側の面の前記近用部測定基準点に対応する点における垂直方向の面屈折力IVPn1、前記近用部測定基準点に対応する点における水平方向の面屈折力IHPn1、前記OVPf1、前記OHPf1、前記OVPn1、および前記OHPn1が、以下の条件を満たす、累進屈折力レンズ。
IVPf1-IHPf1=OVPf1-OHPf1
IVPn1-IHPn1=OVPn1-OHPn1
ただし、乱視処方を含まず、前記IVPf1、IHPf1、IVPn1およびIHPn1は絶対値である。 - 請求項1ないし3のいずれかにおいて、前記物体側の面は、垂直方向の面屈折力が水平方向の面屈折力よりも大きく、前記垂直方向の面屈折力と前記水平方向の面屈折力との差が一定のトーリック面を含む、累進屈折力レンズ。
- 遠用部と近用部とを含む累進屈折力レンズの設計方法において、
第1のトーリック面の要素を含むように物体側の面を設計することと、
前記第1のトーリック面の要素をキャンセルする第2のトーリック面の要素を含むように、眼球側の面を設計することと、
を含み、
前記第1のトーリック面の要素は、前記物体側の面の前記遠用部に予め定められる遠用部測定基準点における垂直方向の面屈折力OVPf1が、前記遠用部測定基準点における水平方向の面屈折力OHPf1よりも大きく、かつ、前記OVPf1が、前記物体側の面の前記近用部に予め定められる近用部測定基準点における垂直方向の面屈折力OVPn1以上である、
累進屈折力レンズの設計方法。
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EP3206078B1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2020-05-20 | Hoya Lens Thailand Ltd. | Progressive power lens |
WO2017081065A1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-18 | Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) | Lenses with improved management of distortion |
JP2019139120A (ja) * | 2018-02-14 | 2019-08-22 | 東海光学株式会社 | バイフォーカルレンズ及びバイフォーカルレンズの製造方法 |
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